Editing Demographics of Lithuania

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Lithuania]]|image_size=350|caption=[[Population pyramid]] of [[Lithuania]] in 2022|size_of_population=2,830,546 (2022 est.)|nation=Lithuanian|official=Lithuanian (85.3%)|major_ethnic=[[Lithuanians|Lithuanian]] (84.6%)|age_0–14_years=15.26%|age_65_years=20.45%|growth=−1.04% (2022 est.)|birth=9.26 births/1,000 population|death=15.12 deaths/1,000 population|net_migration=−4.54 migrant(s)/1,000 population|sr_at_birth=1.06 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.45 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=0.86 male(s)/female|infant_mortality=3.63 deaths/1,000 live births|life=75.78 years|life_male=70.42 years|fertility=1.61 children|life_female=81.44 years|image=File:Lithuania 2022 population pyramid.svg|age_15–64_years=64.29%}}
[[Demography|Demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Lithuania]] include [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], level of education, health, economic status, and [[Religion in Lithuania|religious affiliations]].

==History==

=== Prehistory ===
The earliest evidence of inhabitants in present-day [[Lithuania]] dates back to 10,000 BC. Between 3000 and 2000 BC, the people of the [[Corded Ware culture]] spread over a vast region of eastern Europe, between the [[Baltic Sea]] and the [[Vistula River]] in the West and the [[Moscow]]–[[Kursk]] line in the East. Merging with the [[indigenous peoples]], they gave rise to the [[Balts]], a distinct [[Proto-Indo-Europeans|Indo-European]] ethnic group whose descendants are the present-day [[Lithuanian people|Lithuanian]] and [[Latvian people|Latvian]] nations and the former [[Old Prussians]].

=== Grand Duchy of Lithuania ===
{{See also|Grand Duchy of Lithuania#Demographics|Grand Duchy of Lithuania#Languages|Demographic history of Poland#Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569–1795)}}
[[File:Lithuanian language in the 16th century.png|thumb|left|250px|Area of the [[Lithuanian language]] in the 16th century]]
The [[name of Lithuania]] – ''Lithuanians'' – was first mentioned in 1009. Among its etymologies there are a derivation from the word ''Lietava'', for a small river, a possible derivation from a word [[leičiai]], but most probable is the name for union of Lithuanian ethnic tribes ('susilieti, lietis' means to unite and the word 'lietuva' means something which has been united).

The primary Lithuanian state, the Duchy of Lithuania, emerged in the territory of [[Duchy of Lithuania|Lietuva]], the ethnic homeland of Lithuanians. At the birth of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL), ethnic Lithuanians made up about 70% of the population.<ref name="Letukienė">{{Cite journal|last1=Letukienė|first1=Nijolė|last2=Gineika|first2=Petras|title=Istorija. Politologija: kurso santrauka istorijos egzaminui|publisher=Alma littera|location=Vilnius|year=2003|page=182|language=lt}} Statistical numbers, probably accepted in historiography (the sources, their treatment, the procedure of counting is not discussed in this book) are given, according which in 1260 there were about 0.27 million Lithuanians of 0.4 million of a whole population; in percentage: 67,5%.</ref> With the acquisition of new [[Ruthenia]]n territories, this proportion decreased to 50% and later to 30%. By the time of the largest expansion towards [[Kievan Rus']] lands, at the end of the 13th and during the 14th century, the territory of the GDL was about 800,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, of which 10% was ethnically Lithuanian.<ref name="wiemer">Bjorn Wiemer, ''Dialect and language contacts on the territory of the Grand Duchy from the 15th century until 1939'', Kurt Braunmüller, Gisella Ferraresi, ''Aspects of multilingualism in European language history'', John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003, {{ISBN|90-272-1922-2}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=7KraXiQo_uIC&q=Grand+Duchy+of+Lithuania&pg=PA109 Google Print, p.109; 125] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012092315/https://books.google.com/books?id=7KraXiQo_uIC&q=Grand+Duchy+of+Lithuania&pg=PA109 |date=2023-10-12 }}</ref> The ethnic Lithuanian population is estimated to have been 420,000 out of 1.4 million in 1375 (the territory was about 700,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), and 550,000 out of 3.8 million in 1490 (territory: 850,000&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>)<ref>Letukienė, N., Istorija. Politologija: kurso santrauka istorijos egzaminui, 2003, p. 182. There can be found also different numbers, for example: Kevin O'Connor, ''The history of the Baltic States'', Greenwood Publishing Group, 2003, {{ISBN|0-313-32355-0}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=O'Connor |first=Kevin |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3b5nU4bnw4C&dq=million+%22Grand+Duchy%22&pg=PA17 |title=The History of the Baltic States |date=2003 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=978-0-313-32355-3 |pages=17 |language=en}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=b3b5nU4bnw4C&dq=million+%22Grand+Duchy%22&pg=PA17 |title=Archived copy |access-date=2023-03-24 |archive-date=2023-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412051322/https://books.google.com/books?id=b3b5nU4bnw4C&dq=million+%22Grand+Duchy%22&pg=PA17 |url-status=bot: unknown }}. Here author estimates that there were 9 million inhabitants in GDL, and 1 million of them were ethnic Lithuanians by 1387.</ref> In addition to the Ruthenians and Lithuanians, other significant ethnic groups throughout GDL were [[Lithuanian Jews|Jews]] and [[Tatars]]. The combined population of Poland and GDL in 1493 is estimated as 7.5 million, of whom 3.25 million were Poles, 3.75 million Ruthenians and 0.5 million Lithuanians.<ref name="Pogonowski">Based on 1493 population map (p.92) from [[Iwo Cyprian Pogonowski]], ''Poland a Historical Atlas'', Hippocrene Books, 1987, {{ISBN|0-88029-394-2}}</ref>

[[File:1712. Samogitie et Lithuanie Propre, Grand Duché de Lithuanie.png|right|thumb|[[Samogitia]] (marked in pink) and [[Lithuania proper]] (marked in green) in a map of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania from 1712]]
With the [[Union of Lublin]] Lithuanian Grand Duchy lost large part of lands to the Polish Crown (see [[Historical demography of Poland#Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth .281569–1795.29|demographics]] of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth). An ethnic Lithuanian proportion being about 1/4 in GDL after the Union of Lublin was held until the [[Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|partitions]]. There was much devastation and population loss throughout the GDL in the mid and late 17th century,<ref>Jarmo Kotilaine, ''Russia's foreign trade and economic expansion in the seventeenth century: windows on the world'', BRILL, 2005, {{ISBN|90-04-13896-X}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=57LnE5DO2rQC&dq=demographics+%22Grand+Duchy+of+Lithuania%22&pg=PA45 Google Print, p.45] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012092315/https://books.google.com/books?id=57LnE5DO2rQC&dq=demographics+%22Grand+Duchy+of+Lithuania%22&pg=PA45 |date=2023-10-12 }}</ref> including the ethnic Lithuanian population in [[Vilnius voivodeship]]. Besides devastation,{{Clarify|date=January 2010}} the Ruthenian population declined proportionally{{Clarify|date=January 2010}} after the territorial losses to the [[Russian Empire]]. In 1770 there were about 4.84 million inhabitants in GDL, of which the largest ethnic group were Ruthenians, about 1.39 million – Lithuanians.{{Clarify|date=January 2010}}<ref name="Letukienė" /> The [[voivodeship]]s with a majority ethnic Lithuanian population were [[Vilnius voivodeship|Vilnius]], [[Trakai voivodeship|Trakai]] and [[Eldership of Samogitia|Samogitian]] voivodeships, and these three voivodeships comprised the political center of the state. In the southern angle of Trakai voivodeship and south-eastern part of Vilnius voivodeship there were also many Belarusians; in some of the south-eastern areas they were the major linguistic group.

The Ruthenian population formed a majority in GDL from the time of the GDL's expansion in the mid 14th century; and the adjective "Lithuanian", besides denoting ethnic Lithuanians, from early times denoted any inhabitant of GDL, including Slavs and Jews.

The [[Ruthenian language]], corresponding to today's [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]] and [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]], was then called [[Kievan Rus'|Russian]], and was used as one of the chancellery{{Clarify|date=January 2010}} languages by Lithuanian monarchs. However, there are fewer extant documents written in this language than those written in Latin and German from the time of [[Vytautas]]. Later, Ruthenian became the main language of documentation and writing. In the years that followed, it was the main language of government until the introduction of [[Polish language|Polish]] as the chancellery language of the Lithuanian–Polish Commonwealth in 1697; however there are also examples of documents written in Ruthenian from the second half of the 18th century.<ref name="Zinkevičius">{{in lang|lt}} [http://viduramziu.istorija.net/socium/zinkevicius1995.htm Lietuvos Didžiosios kunigaikštystės kanceliarinės slavų kalbos termino nusakymo problema] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090710180554/http://viduramziu.istorija.net/socium/zinkevicius1995.htm |date=2009-07-10 }} Z. Zinkevičius</ref> The Lithuanian language was used orally in Vilnius, Trakai and Samogitian voivodeships, and by small numbers of people elsewhere. At the [[royal court]] in Vilnius of [[Sigismund II Augustus]], the last Grand Duke of Lithuania prior to the Union of Lublin, both Polish and Lithuanian were spoken equally widely.<ref name="Stone3">Daniel. Z Stone, ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=LFgB_l4SdHAC&q=Lithuanian&pg=PA52 A History of East Central Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326164813/https://books.google.com/books?id=LFgB_l4SdHAC&q=Lithuanian&pg=PA52 |date=2023-03-26 }}'', p. 4, 52.</ref>

===Russian Empire===
[[File:Etnograficheskiy atlas Zapadno Russkih gubernij, 1863.jpg|thumb|Distribution of [[Lithuanians]]: [[Samogitians]] (olive green) and [[Aukštaitians]]-Lithuanians (orange) in a 1863 ethnographic map of the [[List of governorates of the Russian Empire|governorates of the Russian Empire]]]] 
After the [[Partitions of Poland|Third Partition]] of the [[Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth]] on October 24, 1795, between the [[Russian Empire]], the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] and the [[Habsburg monarchy]], the Commonwealth ceased to exist and [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania|Lithuania]] became a part of the [[Russian empire]]. After the [[Emancipation reform of 1861|abolition of serfdom]] in 1861, the use of the Polish language noticeably increased in eastern Lithuania and western Belarus.<ref name="wiemer" /> Many Lithuanians, living further east, were unable to receive the Lithuanian printed books smuggled into Lithuania by [[knygnešiai]] during the time of [[Lithuanian press ban|the ban on printing books]] in the Latin alphabet, and they switched to Polish. Although this also used the Latin alphabet, it was much less affected by the ban, because Polish was still used by the politically important class of the nobility, and also used predominantly in the biggest towns of Lithuania, and supported by the church.

===National Revival===
The [[Lithuanian National Revival]] had begun to intensify by the end of the 19th century, and the number of Lithuanian speakers and people identifying themselves as ethnic Lithuanians started to increase; but at the same time many Polish speaking Lithuanians, especially former ''[[szlachta]]'', cut themselves adrift from the Lithuanian nation. There were population losses due to several border changes, [[Soviet deportations from Lithuania|Soviet deportations]], [[The Holocaust in Lithuania|the Holocaust of the Lithuanian Jews]], and [[Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)|German]] and [[Repatriation of Poles (1955–59)|Polish repatriations]] during and after [[World War II]]. After World War II, the ethnic Lithuanian population remained stable: 79.3% in 1959 to 83.5% in 2002. Lithuania's citizenship law and the [[Constitution of Lithuania|Constitution]] meet international and [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]] standards, guaranteeing universal human and civil rights.

== Population ==
{{GraphChart
| width = 600
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = million
| yAxisMin =
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022

| y1 = 2.14,2.14,2.13,2.12,2.11,2.1,2.12,2.14,2.16,2.19,2.22,2.25,2.27,2.3,2.33,2.35,2.38,2.41,2.44,2.46,2.49,2.51,2.54,2.56,,,,,,,,2.53,2.54,2.55,2.56,2.57,2.57,2.58,2.59,2.61,2.63,2.65,2.68,2.71,2.74,2.78,2.83,2.87,2.89,2.93,2.97,3.01,3.05,3.08,3.12,3.14,3.18,3.21,3.24,3.27,3.3,3.33,3.36,3.38,3.4,3.41,3.43,3.46,3.49,3.51,3.55,3.58,3.62,3.66,3.68,3.7,3.7,3.7,3.68,3.66,3.63,3.6,3.58,3.55,3.52,3.5,3.47,3.44,3.42,3.38,3.32,3.27,3.23,3.2,3.16,3.1,3.003, 2.971, 2.944, 2.921, 2.888, 2.848, 2.809, 2.794, 2.794, 2.810, 2.806

| y1Title = population (million)
}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 600
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = ‰
| yAxisMin =
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| hAnnotatonsLine = 0
| hAnnotatonsLabel =
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,2022

| y1 = -2.3,1.9,-5.1,-6.8,-5.1,1.5,9.4,9.6,13.2,13.0,12.0,13.0,12.0,11.8,10.1,11.5,10.9,12.0,12.1,10.1,9.4,10.3,8.8,9.6,8.7,,,,,,10.0,8.2,7.9,9.3,12.1,11.6,11.2,11.2,9.8,11.0,11.9,12.0,12.3,14.4,13.7,14.7,13.9,12.1,11.7,11.6,10.2,10.1,9.6,9.3,8.7,8.7,9.1,7.9,7.0,6.8,6.2,6.1,5.7,5.3,5.0,4.7,4.9,5.2,6.1,5.4,5.4,6.7,6.2,5.2,4.8,4.6,4.1,3.3,0.4,-1.1,-1.1,-1.1,-0.9,-1.0,-1.0,-1.4,-2.6,-3.3, -3.2, -3.4, -4.3, -4.6, -4.8, -3.8, -3.1, -3.6, -3.5, -3.5, -3.9, -3.4, -3.5, -3.6, -4.0, -4.1, -3.9, -6.6, -8.4, -6.4

| y2 = ,-1.9,3.6,0.6,-1,-3.4,-3.8,-0.2,-1.6,-0.2,0.6,-0.6,0.3,-1,1.5,-0.4,0,-0.7,-0.2,1.2,
0.3,-0.8,0.7,-0.3,,,,,,,,-4.2,-3.9,-5.4,-8.2,-8.9,-10.4,-8.5,-4.4,-4.5,-3.6,-3,-1.8,-3.4,-1.7,-1,2.3,0.8,-2,0.3,2.9,2.8,3.2,3.1,1.6,0.5,1.9,3,2.2,2.3,2.3,2,2,1.8,0.6,-0.3,1,1.7,2,2.9,3.3,2.8,4,5.5,3.1,-0.8,-2.5,-4.4,-5,-6,-6.6,-6.4,-6.6,-6.3,-6.1,-5.5,-5.7,-4.8,-5,-7.8,-12,-11.6,-7.2,-6.5,-7.9,-17.6,-19.2,-9.9,-11,-9.3,-6.5,-6.9,-9.8,4,-1.4,6.6,8.7

| y1Title = Natural change (per 1000)
| y2Title = Crude migration change (per 1000)
}}
[[File:Lithuania from 1950 to 2020 population pyramid over time.gif|thumb|350px|Population pyramid of Lithuania over time]]

{{GraphChart
| width = 350
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle = year
| yAxisTitle = TFR
| yAxisMin =
| yGrid = 0,1
| xGrid = 10
| hAnnotatonsLine = 2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel =
| legend =
| type = line
| x = 1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020, 2021, 2022

| y1 = 2.63,2.63,2.59,2.57,2.64,2.45,2.31,2.21,2.34,2.27,2.25,2.29,2.40,2.41,2.35,2.22,2.21,2.18,2.18,2.14,2.09,2.05,1.99,1.98,1.97,2.10,2.07,2.09,2.12,2.11,2.02,1.98,2.02,2.00,1.94,1.74,1.57,1.55,1.49,1.47,1.46,1.46,1.39,1.29,1.23,1.26,1.27,1.29,1.33,1.36,1.45,1.50,1.50,1.55,1.60,1.59, 1.63, 1.70, 1.69, 1.63, 1.63, 1.61, 1.48, 1.45

| y1Title = Total fertility rate
}}

=== Life expectancy at birth ===
[[File:Life expectancy in Lithuania.svg|thumb|Historical life expectancy|403x403px]]
Based on 2023 data:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Life expectancy at birth – The World Factbook |url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/life-expectancy-at-birth/ |access-date=3 April 2024 |website=www.cia.gov |archive-date=12 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210212221326/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/life-expectancy-at-birth |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''total:'' 76.0 years
* ''male:'' 70.6 years
* ''female:'' 81.6 years

Lithuania has the largest difference between the life expectancy of men and women in the world, which is 11 years.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations |url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ |access-date=2018-08-26 |website=esa.un.org |archive-date=2016-09-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|1950–1955
|60.83
|-
|1955–1960
|{{increase}} 66.88
|-
|1960–1965
|{{increase}} 69.88
|-
|1965–1970
|{{increase}} 71.28
|-
|1970–1975
|{{decrease}} 71.19
|-
|1975–1980
|{{decrease}} 70.67
|-
|1980–1985
|{{decrease}} 70.53
|-
|1985–1990
|{{increase}} 71.57
|-
|1990–1995
|{{decrease}} 69.73
|-
|1995–2000
|{{increase}} 70.25
|-
|2000–2005
|{{increase}} 71.62
|-
|2005–2010
|{{increase}} 71.86
|-
|2010–2015
|{{increase}} 73.99
|}

== Vital statistics ==
:Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20101114031617/http://www.stat.gov.lt/lt/pages/view/?id=2714 Statistical yearbooks of Lithuania]
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80pt" |Average population (1996 onwards, at beginning of the year)
! width="80pt" |Live births
! width="80pt" |Deaths
! width="80pt" |Natural change
! width="80pt" |Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt" |Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt" |Natural change (per 1000)
! width="80pt" |Crude migration change (per 1000)
|-
| 1915
| align="right" | 2,137,000
| align="right" | 38,722
| align="right" | 43,596
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4,874
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 20.4
| style="color: red" align="right" | −2.3
| 2.3
|-
| 1916
| align="right" | 2,137,000
| align="right" | 35,565
| align="right" | 31,512
| align="right" | 4,053
| align="right" | 16.6
| align="right" | 14.7
| align="right" | 1.9
| −3.3
|-
| 1917
| align="right" | 2,134,000
| align="right" | 32,266
| align="right" | 43,047
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,781
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 20.2
| style="color: red" align="right" | −5.1
| −1.0
|-
| 1918
| align="right" | 2,121,000
| align="right" | 33,176
| align="right" | 47,522
| style="color: red" align="right" | −14,346
| align="right" | 15.6
| align="right" | 22.4
| style="color: red" align="right" | −6.8
| 0.7
|-
| 1919
| align="right" | 2,108,000
| align="right" | 41,095
| align="right" | 51,930
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,835
| align="right" | 19.5
| align="right" style="color: red" | 24.6
| style="color: red" align="right" | −5.1
| 3.2
|-
| 1920
| align="right" | 2,104,000
| align="right" | 47,642
| align="right" | 44,487
| align="right" | 3,155
| align="right" | 22.6
| align="right" | 21.1
| align="right" | 1.5
| 4.2
|-
| 1921
| align="right" | 2,116,000
| align="right" | 51,864
| align="right" | 31,915
| align="right" | 19,949
| align="right" | 24.5
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 9.4
| 0.1
|-
| 1922
| align="right" | 2,136,000
| align="right" | 58,064
| align="right" | 37,598
| align="right" | 20,466
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 9.6
| 2.1
|-
| 1923
| align="right" | 2,161,000
| align="right" | 60,869
| align="right" | 32,432
| align="right" | 28,437
| align="right" | 28.2
| align="right" | 15.0
| align="right" | 13.2
| −0.2
|-
| 1924
| align="right" | 2,189,000
| align="right" | 63,864
| align="right" | 35,493
| align="right" | 28,371
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 29.2
| align="right" | 16.2
| align="right" | 13.0
| −0.2
|-
| 1925
| align="right" | 2,217,000
| align="right" | 63,743
| align="right" | 37,179
| align="right" | 26,564
| align="right" | 28.8
| align="right" | 16.8
| align="right" | 12.0
| 0.6
|-
| 1926
| align="right" | 2,245,000
| align="right" | 63,655
| align="right" | 34,380
| align="right" | 29,275
| align="right" | 28.4
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 13.0
| −0.5
|-
| 1927
| align="right" | 2,273,000
| align="right" | 66,114
| align="right" | 38,897
| align="right" | 27,217
| align="right" | 29.1
| align="right" | 17.1
| align="right" | 12.0
| 0.3
|-
| 1928
| align="right" | 2,301,000
| align="right" | 65,945
| align="right" | 35,698
| align="right" | 27,116
| align="right" | 28.7
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 11.8
| −0.1
|-
| 1929
| align="right" | 2,328,000
| align="right" | 63,083
| align="right" | 39,669
| align="right" | 23,414
| align="right" | 27.1
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 10.1
| 1.1
|-
| 1930
| align="right" | 2,354,000
| align="right" | 64,164
| align="right" | 37,151
| align="right" | 27,013
| align="right" | 27.3
| align="right" | 15.8
| align="right" | 11.5
| −0.5
|-
| 1931
| align="right" | 2,380,000
| align="right" | 63,419
| align="right" | 37,478
| align="right" | 25,941
| align="right" | 26.6
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" | 10.9
| 0.4
|-
| 1932
| align="right" | 2,407,000
| align="right" | 65,371
| align="right" | 36,577
| align="right" | 28,794
| align="right" | 27.2
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 12.0
| 0.0
|-
| 1933
| align="right" | 2,436,000
| align="right" | 62,145
| align="right" | 32,749
| align="right" | 29,396
| align="right" | 25.5
| align="right" | 13.4
| align="right" | 12.1
| −0.6
|-
| 1934
| align="right" | 2,464,000
| align="right" | 60,770
| align="right" | 35,789
| align="right" | 24,981
| align="right" | 24.7
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 10.1
| −0.4
|-
| 1935
| align="right" | 2,488,000
| align="right" | 57,970
| align="right" | 34,595
| align="right" | 23,375
| align="right" | 23.3
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" | 9.4
| 0.6
|-
| 1936
| align="right" | 2,513,000
| align="right" | 60,446
| align="right" | 33,440
| align="right" | 25,939
| align="right" | 24.1
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" | 10.3
| −0.4
|-
| 1937
| align="right" | 2,538,000
| align="right" | 56,393
| align="right" | 33,260
| align="right" | 22,433
| align="right" | 22.2
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" | 8.8
| 1.1
|-
| 1938
| align="right" | 2,563,000
| align="right" | 57,951
| align="right" | 32,256
| align="right" | 24,562
| align="right" | 22.6
| align="right" | 12.6
| align="right" | 9.6
| −60.7
|-
| 1939<sup>1</sup>
| align="right" | 2,432,000
| align="right" | 54,184
| align="right" | 32,983
| align="right" | 21,201
| align="right" | 22.3
| align="right" | 13.6
| align="right" | 8.7
|
|}
<sup>1</sup> the figures of 1939 exclude the [[Klaipėda Region]]

Source: Official Statistics Portal<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/|title=Pradžia – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas|website=osp.stat.gov.lt|access-date=2014-05-16|archive-date=2015-03-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150320060836/http://osp.stat.gov.lt/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="70pt" |Average population 
! width="70pt" |Live births
! width="70pt" |Deaths
! width="70pt" |Natural change
! width="70pt" |Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="70pt" |Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="70pt" |Natural change (per 1000)
! width="70pt" |Crude migration change (per 1000)
! width="70pt" |Total fertility rate
! width="70pt" |Life expectancy males
! width="70pt" |Life expectancy females
! width="70pt" |Life expectancy total
|-
| 1945
| align="right" | 2,520,000
| align="right" | 60,392
| align="right" | 35,201
| align="right" | 25,191
| align="right" | 24.0
| align="right" | 14.0
| align="right" | 10.0
| −6.0
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1946
| align="right" | 2,530,000
| align="right" | 58,399
| align="right" | 37,688
| align="right" | 20,711
| align="right" | 23.1
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 8.2
| −4.2
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1947
| align="right" | 2,540,000
| align="right" | 59,680
| align="right" | 39,716
| align="right" | 19,964
| align="right" | 23.5
| align="right" | 15.6
| align="right" | 7.9
| −3.9
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1948
| align="right" | 2,550,000
| align="right" | 58,780
| align="right" | 35,137
| align="right" | 23,643
| align="right" | 23.1
| align="right" | 13.8
| align="right" | 9.3
| −5.4
| style="color: blue"  |
|-
| 1949
| align="right" | 2,560,000
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 63,034
| align="right" | 32,049
| align="right" | 30,985
| style="color: blue" | 24.6
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 12.1
| −9.4
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 2,567,000
| align="right" | 60,719
| align="right" | 30,870
| align="right" | 29,849
| align="right" | 23.7
| align="right" | 12.0
| align="right" | 11.6
| −10.8
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1951
| align="right" | 2,569,000
| align="right" | 58,504
| align="right" | 29,693
| align="right" | 28,811
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 11.2
| −8.5
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1952
| align="right" | 2,576,000
| align="right" | 56,944
| align="right" | 28,166
| align="right" | 28,778
| align="right" | 22.1
| align="right" | 10.9
| align="right" | 11.2
| −5.7
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1953
| align="right" | 2,590,000
| align="right" | 52,610
| align="right" | 27,118
| align="right" | 25,492
| align="right" | 20.3
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 9.8
| −3.3
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1954
| align="right" | 2,607,000
| align="right" | 54,229
| align="right" | 25,559
| align="right" | 28,670
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 11.0
| −2.6
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 2,629,000
| align="right" | 55,525
| align="right" | 24,138
| align="right" | 31,387
| align="right" | 21.1
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 11.9
| −2.8
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1956
| align="right" | 2,653,000
| align="right" | 53,741
| align="right" | 21,869
| align="right" | 31,872
| align="right" | 20.3
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 12.0
| −1.5
| style="color: blue" align="right" |
|-
| 1957
| align="right" | 2,681,000
| align="right" | 56,223
| align="right" | 23,361
| align="right" | 32,862
| align="right" | 21.0
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 12.3
| −1.1
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 
|-
| 1958
| align="right" | 2,711,000
| align="right" | 61,190
| align="right" | 22,103
| align="right" | 39,087
| align="right" | 22.6
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 14.0
| −2.2
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.63
|-
| 1959
| align="right" | 2,744,000
| align="right" | 62,240
| align="right" | 24,688
| align="right" | 37,553
| align="right" | 22.7
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 14.0
| 0.2
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.63
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 2,782,000
| align="right" | 62,485
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 21,611
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 40,874
| align="right" | 22.5
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 14.7
| 1.8
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.59
|-
| 1961
| align="right" | 2,828,000
| align="right" | 62,775
| align="right" | 23,365
| align="right" | 39,410
| align="right" | 22.2
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 13.9
| −0.9
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.57
|-
| 1962
| align="right" | 2,865,000
| align="right" | 59,728
| align="right" | 24,925
| align="right" | 34,803
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 12.1
| −2.4
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.64
|-
| 1963
| align="right" | 2,893,000
| align="right" | 57,024
| align="right" | 23,112
| align="right" | 33,912
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 11.7
| 0.4
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.45
|-
| 1964
| align="right" | 2,928,000
| align="right" | 55,856
| align="right" | 21,830
| align="right" | 34,026
| align="right" | 19.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 7.5
| align="right" | 11.6
| 1.7
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.31
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 2,967,000
| align="right" | 53,818
| align="right" | 23,467
| align="right" | 30,351
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 10.2
| 2.9
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.21
|-
| 1966
| align="right" | 3,006,000
| align="right" | 54,275
| align="right" | 23,799
| align="right" | 30,476
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 10.1
| 2.9
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.34
|-
| 1967
| align="right" | 3,045,000
| align="right" | 53,806
| align="right" | 24,571
| align="right" | 29,235
| align="right" | 17.7
| align="right" | 8.1
| align="right" | 9.6
| 2.9
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.27
|-
| 1968
| align="right" | 3,083,000
| align="right" | 54,258
| align="right" | 25,725
| align="right" | 28,533
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 9.3
| 1.1
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.25
|-
| 1969
| align="right" | 3,115,000
| align="right" | 54,263
| align="right" | 27,156
| align="right" | 27,107
| align="right" | 17.4
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 8.7
| 0.6
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.29
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 3,144,000
| align="right" | 55,519
| align="right" | 28,048
| align="right" | 27,471
| align="right" | 17.7
| align="right" | 8.9
| align="right" | 8.7
| 2.4
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.40
|-
| 1971
| align="right" | 3,179,000
| align="right" | 56,044
| align="right" | 26,972
| align="right" | 29,072
| align="right" | 17.6
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 9.1
| 1.9
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.41
|-
| 1972
| align="right" | 3,214,000
| align="right" | 54,616
| align="right" | 29,252
| align="right" | 25,364
| align="right" | 17.0
| align="right" | 9.1
| align="right" | 7.9
| 1.4
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.35
|-
| 1973
| align="right" | 3,244,000
| align="right" | 51,944
| align="right" | 29,160
| align="right" | 22,784
| align="right" | 16.0
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 7.0
| 2.2
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.22
|-
| 1974
| align="right" | 3,274,000
| align="right" | 51,941
| align="right" | 29,612
| align="right" | 22,329
| align="right" | 15.9
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 6.8
| 1.7
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.21
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 3,302,000
| align="right" | 51,766
| align="right" | 31,265
| align="right" | 20,501
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 6.2
| 2.0
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.18
|-
| 1976
| align="right" | 3,329,000
| align="right" | 52,296
| align="right" | 31,972
| align="right" | 20,324
| align="right" | 15.7
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 6.1
| 1.7
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.18
|-
| 1977
| align="right" | 3,355,000
| align="right" | 52,166
| align="right" | 32,932
| align="right" | 19,234
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 5.7
| 1.4
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.14
|-
| 1978
| align="right" | 3,379,000
| align="right" | 51,821
| align="right" | 34,008
| align="right" | 17,813
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 5.3
| 0.4
| align="right" | 2.09
|-
| 1979
| align="right" | 3,398,000
| align="right" | 51,937
| align="right" | 34,897
| align="right" | 17,040
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 5.0
| −0.6
| align="right" | 2.05
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 3,413,000
| align="right" | 51,765
| align="right" | 35,871
| align="right" | 15,894
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 4.7
| 1.2
| align="right" | 1.99
|-
| 1981
| align="right" | 3,433,000
| align="right" | 52,249
| align="right" | 35,579
| align="right" | 16,670
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 4.9
| 2.1
| align="right" | 1.98
|-
| 1982
| align="right" | 3,457,000
| align="right" | 53,141
| align="right" | 35,040
| align="right" | 18,101
| align="right" | 15.4
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 5.2
| 2.9
| align="right" | 1.97
|-
| 1983
| align="right" | 3,485,000
| align="right" | 57,589
| align="right" | 36,451
| align="right" | 21,138
| align="right" | 16.5
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 6.1
| 2.3
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.10
|-
| 1984
| align="right" | 3,514,000
| align="right" | 57,576
| align="right" | 38,666
| align="right" | 18,910
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 11.0
| align="right" | 5.4
| 3.4
| align="right" | 2.07
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 3,545,000
| align="right" | 58,454
| align="right" | 39,169
| align="right" | 19,285
| align="right" | 16.5
| align="right" | 11.0
| align="right" | 5.4
| 4.2
| align="right" | 2.09
|-
| 1986
| align="right" | 3,579,000
| align="right" | 59,705
| align="right" | 35,788
| align="right" | 23,917
| align="right" | 16.7
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" | 6.7
| 3.7
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.12
|-
| 1987
| align="right" | 3,616,000
| align="right" | 59,360
| align="right" | 36,917
| align="right" | 22,443
| align="right" | 16.4
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 6.2
| 4.6
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 2.11
|-
| 1988
| align="right" | 3,655,000
| align="right" | 56,727
| align="right" | 37,649
| align="right" | 19,078
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 5.2
| 2.7
| align="right" | 2.02
|-
| 1989
| align="right" | 3,684,000
| align="right" | 55,782
| align="right" | 38,150
| align="right" | 17,632
| align="right" | 15.1
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 4.8
| −1.0
| align="right" | 1.98
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 3,698,000
| align="right" | 56,868
| align="right" | 39,760
| align="right" | 17,108
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 10.7
| align="right" | 4.6
| −3.0
| align="right" | 2.02
| align="right" | 66.4
| align="right" | 76.3
| align="right" | 71.5
|-
| 1991
| style="color: blue" align="right" | 3,704,000
| align="right" | 56,219
| align="right" | 41,013
| align="right" | 15,206
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 11.1
| align="right" | 4.1
| −5.2
| align="right" | 2.00
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 3,700,000
| align="right" | 53,617
| align="right" | 41,455
| align="right" | 12,162
| align="right" | 14.5
| align="right" | 11.2
| align="right" | 3.3
| −7.9
| align="right" | 1.94
|-
| 1993
| align="right" | 3,683,000
| align="right" | 47,464
| align="right" | 46,107
| align="right" | 1,357
| align="right" | 12.9
| align="right" | 12.5
| align="right" | 0.4
| −7.4
| align="right" | 1.74
|-
| 1994
| align="right" | 3,657,000
| align="right" | 42,376
| align="right" | 46,486
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4,110
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 12.7
| style="color: red" align="right" | −1.1
| −6.5
| align="right" | 1.57
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 3,629,000
| align="right" | 41,195
| align="right" | 45,306
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4,111
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 12.5
| style="color: red" align="right" | −1.1
| −2.7
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 63.3
| align="right" | 75.1
| align="right" | 69.1
|-
| 1996
| align="right" | 3,615,212 <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=7a989333-7343-4693-949d-6294c5b7be39#/ |title=osp.stat.gov.lt, resident population, visited 15 march 2024 |access-date=15 March 2024 |archive-date=15 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240315200057/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=7a989333-7343-4693-949d-6294c5b7be39#/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
| align="right" | 39,066
| align="right" | 42,896
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3,830
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 11.9
| style="color: red" align="right" | −1.1
| −6.5
| align="right" | 1.49
| align="right" | 64.6
| align="right" | 75.9
| align="right" | 70.3
|-
| 1997
| align="right" | 3,588,013
| align="right" | 37,812
| align="right" | 41,143
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3,331
| align="right" | 10.5
| align="right" | 11.5
| style="color: red" align="right" | −0.9
| −6.2
| align="right" | 1.47
| align="right" | 65.5
| align="right" | 76.6
| align="right" | 71.1
|-
| 1998
| align="right" | 3,562,261
| align="right" | 37,019
| align="right" | 40,757
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3,738
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 11.4
| style="color: red" align="right" | −1.0
| −6.2
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 66.0
| align="right" | 76.7
| align="right" | 71.4
|-
| 1999
| align="right" | 3,536,401
| align="right" | 36,415
| align="right" | 40,003
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3,588
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 11.3
| style="color: red" align="right" | −1.0
| −5.9
| align="right" | 1.46
| align="right" | 66.4
| align="right" | 77.0
| align="right" | 71.8
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 3,512,074
| align="right" | 34,149
| align="right" | 38,919
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4,770
| align="right" | 9.7
| align="right" | 11.1
| style="color: red" align="right" | −1.4
| −5.8
| align="right" | 1.39
| align="right" | 66.7
| align="right" | 77.4
| align="right" | 72.1
|-
| 2001
| align="right" | 3,486,998
| align="right" | 31,185
| align="right" | 40,399
| style="color: red" align="right" | −9,214
| align="right" | 8.9
| align="right" | 11.6
| style="color: red" align="right" | −2.6
| −6.6
| align="right" | 1.29
| align="right" | 65.9
| align="right" | 77.4
| align="right" | 71.7
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 3,454,637
| align="right" | 29,541
| align="right" | 41,072
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,531
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 11.9
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.3
| −3.4
| align="right" | 1.23
| align="right" | 66.2
| align="right" | 77.4
| align="right" | 71.8
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 3,431,497
| align="right" | 29,977
| align="right" | 40,990
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,013
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 11.9
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.2
| −6.3
| align="right" | 1.26
| align="right" | 66.4
| align="right" | 77.7
| align="right" | 72.1
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 3,398,929
| align="right" | 29,769
| align="right" | 41,340
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,571
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 12.2
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.4
| −9.5
| align="right" | 1.27
| align="right" | 66.3
| align="right" | 77.7
| align="right" | 72.0
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 3,355,220
| align="right" | 29,510
| align="right" | 43,799
| style="color: red" align="right" | −14,289
| align="right" | 8.8
| align="right" | 13.1
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4.3
| −15.2
| align="right" | 1.29
| align="right" | 65.2
| align="right" | 77.5
| align="right" | 71.3
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 3,289,835
| align="right" | 29,606
| align="right" | 44,813
| style="color: red" align="right" | −15,207
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 13.6
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4.6
| −7.5
| align="right" | 1.33
| align="right" | 65.1
| align="right" | 77.1
| align="right" | 71.0
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 3,249,983
| align="right" | 30,020
| align="right" | 45,624
| style="color: red" align="right" | −15,604
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 14.0
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4.8
| −6.7
| align="right" | 1.36
| align="right" | 64.5
| align="right" | 77.2
| align="right" | 70.7
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 3,212,605
| align="right" | 31,536
| align="right" | 43,832
| style="color: red" align="right" | −12,296
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 13.6
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.8
| −5.1
| align="right" | 1.45
| align="right" | 65.9
| align="right" | 77.5
| align="right" | 71.7
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 3,183,856
| align="right" | 32,165
| align="right" | 42,032
| style="color: red" align="right" | −9,867
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 13.2
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.1
| −10.1
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 67.1
| align="right" | 78.6
| align="right" | 72.9
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 3,141,976
| align="right" | 30,676
| align="right" | 42,120
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,444
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 13.4
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.6
| −24.8
| align="right" | 1.50
| align="right" | 67.6
| align="right" | 78.8
| align="right" | 73.2
|-
|2011 
| align="right" | 3,052,588
| align="right" | 30,268
| align="right" | 41,037
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,769
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 13.4
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.5
| −12.5
| align="right" | 1.55
| align="right" | 68.0
| align="right" | 79.1
| align="right" | 73.6
|-
| 2012
| align="right" | 3,003,641
| align="right" | 30,459
| align="right" | 40,938
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,479
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 13.6
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.5
| −6.2
| align="right" | 1.60
| align="right" | 68.4
| align="right" | 79.4
| align="right" | 74.0
|-
| 2013
| align="right" | 2,974,637
| align="right" | 29,885
| align="right" | 41,511
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,626
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 14.0
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.9
| −5.1
| align="right" | 1.59
| align="right" | 68.5
| align="right" | 79.3
| align="right" | 74.0
|-
| 2014
| align="right" | 2,947,862
| align="right" | 30,369
| align="right" | 40,252
| style="color: red" align="right" | −9,883
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 13.7
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.4
| −3.8
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 69.1
| align="right" | 79.7
| align="right" | 74.5
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 2,926,644
| align="right" | 31,475
| align="right" | 41,776
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,301
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 14.3
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.5
| −7.1
| align="right" | 1.70
| align="right" | 69.1
| align="right" | 79.5
| align="right" | 74.4
|-
| 2016
| align="right" | 2,895,573
| align="right" | 30,623
| align="right" | 41,106
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,483
| align="right" | 10.6
| align="right" | 14.2
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.6
| −9.0
| align="right" | 1.69
| align="right" | 69.5
| align="right" | 79.9
| align="right" | 74.8
|-
| 2017
| align="right" | 2,859,007
| align="right" | 28,696
| align="right" | 40,142
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,446
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 14.1
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4.0
| −7.5
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 70.7
| align="right" | 80.3
| align="right" | 75.7
|-
| 2018
| align="right" | 2,826,200
| align="right" | 28,149
| align="right" | 39,574
| style="color: red" align="right" | −11,425
| align="right" | 10.0
| align="right" | 14.1
| style="color: red" align="right" | −4.1
| −0.9
| align="right" | 1.63
| align="right" | 70.9
| align="right" | 80.5
| align="right" | 75.9
|-
| 2019
| align="right" | 2,812,200
| align="right" | 27,393
| align="right" | 38,281
| style="color: red" align="right" | −10,888
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 13.7
| style="color: red" align="right" | −3.9
| 3.1
| align="right" | 1.43
| align="right" | 71.4
| align="right" | 80.9
| align="right" | 76.3
|-
| 2020
| align="right" | 2,809,979
| align="right" | 25,144
| align="right" | 43,547
| style="color: red" align="right" | −18,403
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 15.6
| style="color: red" align="right" | −6.6
| 6.8
| align="right" | 1.36
| align="right" | 70.0
| align="right" | 80.0
| align="right" | 75.1
|-
| 2021<ref>{{cite web |title=Official Statistics Lithuania |url=https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/population-demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-44_en |access-date=2022-06-08 |archive-date=2022-06-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220604223622/https://eacea.ec.europa.eu/national-policies/eurydice/content/population-demographic-situation-languages-and-religions-44_en |url-status=live }}</ref>
| align="right" | 2,810,761
| align="right" | 23,330
| style="color: red" | 47,746
| style="color: red" align="right" | −24,416
| align="right" | 8.3
| style="color: red" | 17.0
| style="color: red"| –8.7
| 7.0
| align="right" | 1.34
| align="right" | 69.6
| align="right" | 78.9
| align="right" | 74.3
|-
| 2022
| align="right" | 2,805,998
| align="right" | 22,068
| align="right" | 42,884
| style="color: red" align="right" | −20,816
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 15.1
| style="color: red" align="right" | –7.3
| 25.7
| align="right" | 1.27
| align="right" | 71.3
| align="right" | 80.1
| align="right" | 75.8
|-
| 2023
| align="right" | 2,857,279
| align="right" | 20,623
| align="right" | 37,005
| style="color: red" align="right" | −16,382
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 12.9
| style="color: red" align="right" | –5.7
| 15.7
| style="color: red" | 1.18
| align="right" | 72.9
| align="right" | 81.7
| align="right" | 77.4
|-
| 2024
| 2,885,891
| style="color: red" | 18,673
| 37,444
| style="color: red" | −18,771
| style="color: red" | 6.5
| 13.0
| style="color: red" | −6.5
| 8.0
| style="color: red" | 
|
|
|
|-
| 2025
| 2,890,664
| style="color: red" | 
| 
| style="color: red" | 
| style="color: red" |
| 
| style="color: red" | 
| 
| style="color: red" | 
|
|
|
|}

===Current vital statistics===
By data of Statistics Lithuania<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?portletFormName=visualization&hash=cdc90d9c-f8a1-4964-9ce5-dc01d5f75a10|title=Rodiklių duomenų bazė – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas|website=osp.stat.gov.lt|access-date=2023-05-10|archive-date=2023-04-20|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230420095638/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?portletFormName=visualization&hash=cdc90d9c-f8a1-4964-9ce5-dc01d5f75a10|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|-
| '''January-April 2024'''
| 5,859
| 13,187
| −7,328
|-
| '''January-April 2025'''
| 5,280
| 13,233
| −7,953
|-
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} −579 (−9.88%)
| {{increasenegative}} +46 (+0.35%)
| {{decrease}} -625
|}

===Structure of the population===

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 01.I.2021): <ref>{{Cite web |title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |access-date=2023-05-10 |website=unstats.un.org |archive-date=2023-02-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230218223334/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics |url-status=live }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 304 965
| align="right" | 1 505 796 
| align="right" | 2 810 761
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 68 362
| align="right" | 64 287
| align="right" | 132 649
| align="right" | 4.72
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 73 251 
| align="right" | 69 389
| align="right" | 142 640
| align="right" | 5.07
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 72 399
| align="right" | 69 383
| align="right" | 141 782 
| align="right" | 5.04
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 66 376
| align="right" | 63 291
| align="right" | 129 667
| align="right" | 4.61
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 73 506
| align="right" | 69 556
| align="right" | 143 062
| align="right" | 5.09
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 86 449
| align="right" | 82 753
| align="right" | 169 202
| align="right" | 6.02
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 99 253
| align="right" | 95 926
| align="right" | 195 179
| align="right" | 6.94
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 94 857
| align="right" | 92 583
| align="right" | 187 440
| align="right" | 6.67
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 89 807
| align="right" | 90 697
| align="right" | 180 504
| align="right" | 6.42
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 93 631
| align="right" | 100 431
| align="right" | 194 062
| align="right" | 6.90
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 97 747 
| align="right" | 108 319 
| align="right" | 206 066
| align="right" | 7.33
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 101 687
| align="right" | 116 887
| align="right" | 218 574
| align="right" | 7.78
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 92 818
| align="right" | 117 176
| align="right" | 209 994
| align="right" | 7.47
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 65 526
| align="right" | 93 500 
| align="right" | 159 026
| align="right" | 5.66
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 49 426
| align="right" | 82 581
| align="right" | 132 007
| align="right" | 4.70
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 36 574
| align="right" | 73 494
| align="right" | 110 068
| align="right" | 3.92
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 25 387
| align="right" | 60 804
| align="right" | 86 191
| align="right" | 3.07
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 12 874
| align="right" | 37 019
| align="right" | 49 893
| align="right" | 1.78
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 4 373
| align="right" | 14 613
| align="right" | 18 986 
| align="right" | 0.68
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 630 
| align="right" | 2 873
| align="right" | 3 503
| align="right" | 0.12
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 32
| align="right" | 234
| align="right" | 266
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 214 012
| align="right" | 203 059
| align="right" | 417 071
| align="right" | 14.84
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 896 131
| align="right" | 937 619
| align="right" | 1 833 750
| align="right" | 65.24
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 194 822
| align="right" | 365 118
| align="right" | 559 940
| align="right" | 19.92
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Ethnic composition==

{{Further|Ethnic minorities in Lithuania}}
[[Lithuanians]] are a [[Balts|Baltic ethnic group]] (i.e. Balts), closely related to neighbouring [[Latvians]], who speak [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]], a [[Baltic languages|Baltic language]] of the [[Indo-European language family]]. The group is distinct from neighbouring [[Slavic peoples|Slavic]] and [[Germanic peoples|Germanic]] peoples, although the historical union with [[Poland]] in the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]], as well [[State of the Teutonic Order|German]] and [[Russian Empire|Russian]] colonization and settlement left cultural and religious influences.

=== Before World War II ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
Population of Lithuania according to ethnic group 1923/1925 <sup>1</sup>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | Census of<br />Lithuania in 1923
! colspan="2" | Census of the<br />[[Klaipėda Region]] in 1925
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| [[Lithuanians]] 
| align="right" | 1,701,863
| align="right" | 83.9
| align="right" | 37,626
| align="right" | 26.6
|-
| [[Lithuania Minor|Memellanders]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 34,337
| align="right" | 24.2
|-
| [[Jews]]
| align="right" | 153,743
| align="right" | 7.6
| align="right" | 578
| align="right" | 0.4
|-
| [[Germans]]
| align="right" | 29,231
| align="right" | 1.4
| align="right" | 59,337
| align="right" | 41.9
|-
| [[Polish people|Poles]]
| align="right" | 65,599
| align="right" | 3.2
| align="right" | 29
| align="right" | 0.0
|-
| [[Russians]]
| align="right" | 50,460
| align="right" | 2.5
| align="right" | 267
| align="right" | 0.2
|-
| [[Latvians]]
| align="right" | 14,883
| align="right" | 0.7
| align="right" | 47
| align="right" | 0.0
|-
| [[Belarusians]]
| align="right" | 4,421
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | –
| align="right" | –
|-
| [[Tatars]]
| align="right" | 973
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| [[Romani people|Romani]]
| align="right" | 284
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| [[Karaite (Jewish sect)|Karaites]]
| align="right" | 141
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| [[Estonians]]
| align="right" | 46
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
| align="right" | 43
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
|-
| Others
| align="right" | 7,284
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 9,424
| align="right" | 6.7
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total
! colspan="2" | 2,028,971
! colspan="2" | 141,645
|}
<sup>1</sup> Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722151044/http://www.stat.gov.lt/uploads/leidiniai/Lietuvos_gyv_sur.pdf]. The Klaipėda Region was annexed from Germany in 1923, but was not included in the 1923 census. A separate census in the Klaipėda region was held in 1925.

===After World War II===
Among the [[Baltic states]], Lithuania has the most homogeneous population. According to the [[Lithuanian census of 2021|census conducted in 2021]], 84.6% of the population identified themselves as [[Lithuanian people|Lithuanians]], 6.5% as [[Polish people|Poles]], 5.0% as [[Russians]], 1.0% as [[Belarusians]], and 2.3% as members of other ethnic groups.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
Population of Lithuania according to ethnic group 1959–2021
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="2" | census 1959<sup>1</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1970<sup>2</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1979<sup>3</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 1989<sup>4</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 2001<sup>5</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 2011<sup>6</sup>
! colspan="2" | census 2021<sup>7<ref>{{cite web | url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymai1 | title=Gyventojų ir būstų surašymai – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas | access-date=2022-05-21 | archive-date=2022-06-19 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220619115401/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymai1 | url-status=live }}</ref></sup>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| [[Lithuanians]]
| align="right" | 2,150,767
| align="right" | 79.3
| align="right" | 2,506,751
| align="right" | 80.1
| align="right" | 2,712,233
| align="right" | 80.0
| align="right" | 2,924,251
| align="right" | 79.6
| align="right" | 2,907,293
| align="right" | 83.4
| align="right" | 2,561,314
| align="right" | 84.2
| align="right" | 2,378,118
| align="right" | 84.61
|-
| [[Polish people|Poles]]
| align="right" | 230,107
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 240,203
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 247,022
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 257,994
| align="right" | 7.0
| align="right" | 234,989
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 200,317
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 183,421
| align="right" | 6.53
|-
| [[Russians]]
| align="right" | 231,014
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 267,989
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 303,493
| align="right" | 8.9
| align="right" | 344,455
| align="right" | 9.4
| align="right" | 219,789
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 176,913
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 141,122
| align="right" | 5.02
|-
| [[Belarusians]]
| align="right" | 30,256
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 45,412
| align="right" | 1.5
| align="right" | 57,584
| align="right" | 1.7
| align="right" | 63,169
| align="right" | 1.7
| align="right" | 42,866
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 36,227
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 28,183
| align="right" | 1.00
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
| align="right" | 17,692
| align="right" | 0.7
| align="right" | 25,099
| align="right" | 0.8
| align="right" | 31,982
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 44,789
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 22,488
| align="right" | 0.6
| align="right" | 16,423
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 14,168
| align="right" | 0.50
|-
| [[Jews]]
| align="right" | 24,667
| align="right" | 0.9
| align="right" | 23,538
| align="right" | 0.8
| align="right" | 14,691
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 12,390
| align="right" | 0.3
| align="right" | 4,007
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,050
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,256
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| [[Romani people|Romani]]
| align="right" | 1,238
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 1,880
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,306
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,718
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,571
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,115
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,251
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| [[Tatars]]
| align="right" | 3,020
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,454
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,984
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 5,135
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,235
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,793
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,142
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| [[Germans]]
| align="right" | 11,166
| align="right" | 0.4
| align="right" | 1,904
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,616
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,058
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 3,243
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,418
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 1,977
| align="right" | 0.07
|-
| [[Latvians]]
| align="right" | 6,318
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 5,063
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 4,354
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 4,229
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,955
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 2,025
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 1,572
| align="right" | 0.06
|-
| [[Armenians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 1,125
| align="right" | 0.04
|-
| [[Azerbaijanis]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 575
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| [[Moldovans]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 451
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| [[Georgians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 333
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Estonians]]
| align="right" | 352
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 551
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 546
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 598
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 400
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 314
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 233
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Kazakhs]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 214
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Crimean Karaites|Karaites]]
| align="right" | 423
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 388
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 352
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 289
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 273
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 241
| align="right" | 0.0
| align="right" | 192
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Chuvashs]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 177
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Greeks]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 134
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Lezgins]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 131
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Uzbeks]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 126
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Mordvins]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 121
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Ossetians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 118
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Bulgarians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 110
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Chinese people|Chinese]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 97
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Chechens]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 85
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Bashkirs]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 81
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Turkish people|Turks]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 78
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Hungarians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 76
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 75
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[French people|French]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 71
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Romanians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 68
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Finns]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 68
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Udmurts]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 67
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Koreans]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 62
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Mari people|Maris]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 60
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Komis]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 54
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Italians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 52
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Britons]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 48
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Arabs]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 48
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Karelians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 47
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Danes]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 44
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Tajiks]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 42
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Czechs]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 27
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Dutch people|Dutch]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 25
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Turkmens]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 25
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Spaniards|Spanish]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 24
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Egyptians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 23
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Swedes]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 21
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Serbs]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 19
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Gagauzes]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 18
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Afghans]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 16
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Abazins]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 14
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Mexicans]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 14
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Norwegians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 14
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Punjabis]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 14
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Albanians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 13
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 13
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Brazilians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 13
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Japanese people|Japanese]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 12
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Abkhazians]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 11
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| [[Kalmyks]]
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 10
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| Other
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 330
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| Not indicated
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 
| align="right" | 49,633
| align="right" | 1.77
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! align="left" | Total
! colspan="2" | 2,711,445
! colspan="2" | 3,128,236
! colspan="2" | 3,391,490
! colspan="2" | 3,674,802
! colspan="2" | 3,483,972
! colspan="2" | 3,043,429
! colspan="2" | 2,810,761
|-
| colspan="15" | <small><sup>1</sup> Source: [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316172652/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_59.php |date=2010-03-16 }}. <sup>2</sup> Source: [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091203151519/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_70.php |date=2009-12-03 }}. <sup>3</sup> Source: [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100324145212/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_79.php |date=2010-03-24 }}. <sup>4</sup> Source: [http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100316172713/http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng_nac_89.php |date=2010-03-16 }}. <sup>5</sup> Source: [https://web.archive.org/web/20131014172519/http://db1.stat.gov.lt/statbank/default.asp?w=1920]. <sup>6</sup> Source: [https://osp.stat.gov.lt/lt/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?hash=eb0fae4e-f7de-43b0-a727-f61ac012beee#/] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216002425/http://www.emz-berlin.de/Statistik_2/lit/lit_01.htm#/ |date=2008-02-16 }}.</small>
|}

Poles are concentrated in the [[Vilnius Region]], the area controlled by Poland in the interwar period. There are especially large [[Poles in Lithuania|Polish communities]] in [[Vilnius district municipality]] (47% of the population) and [[Šalčininkai district municipality]] (76%). The [[Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania]], an ethnic minority political party, has strong influence in these areas and has representation in the [[Seimas]]. The party is most active in local politics and controls several municipal councils.

Russians, even though they are almost as numerous as Poles, are much more evenly scattered and lack strong political cohesion. The most prominent community lives in [[Visaginas]] (47%). Most of them are engineers who moved with their families from the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian SFSR]] to work at the [[Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant]]. A number of ethnic Russians (mostly military) left Lithuania after the declaration of independence in 1990.

Another major change in the ethnic composition of Lithuania was the extermination of the [[Jew]]ish population during [[the Holocaust]]. Before [[World War II]] about 7.5% of the population was Jewish; they were concentrated in cities and towns and had a significant influence on crafts and business. They were called [[Lithuanian Jews|Litvaks]] and had a strong culture. The population of Vilnius, sometimes nicknamed Northern [[Jerusalem]], was about 30% Jewish. Almost all of these Jews were killed during the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi German]] occupation, or later emigrated to the [[United States]] and [[Israel]]. Now there are only about 4,000 Jews living in Lithuania.

=== Proportion of the population by ethnicity ===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+
Proportion of the population by ethnicity, compared to the total resident population (%) <ref>{{cite web | url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en_GB/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize#/ | title=Rodiklių duomenų bazė – Oficialiosios statistikos portalas }}</ref>
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! rowspan="2" | Ethnic<br />group
! colspan="1" | 2011
! colspan="1" | 2023
! colspan="1" | 2024
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
|-
| [[Lithuanians]]
| align="right" | 84.1
| align="right" | 83.6
| align="right" | 82.6
|-
| [[Polish people|Poles]]
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 6.4
| align="right" | 6.3
|-
| [[Russians]]
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 5.1
| align="right" | 5.0
|-
| [[Belarusians]]
| align="right" | 1.2
| align="right" | 1.7
| align="right" | 2.1
|-
| [[Ukrainians]]
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 1.6
| align="right" | 1.7
|-
| [[Jews]]
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Romani people|Romani]]
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Tatars]]
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Germans]]
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
| [[Latvians]]
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
| align="right" | 0.1
|-
|Other Ethnicities
| align="right" | 0.2
| align="right" | 0.5
| align="right" | 1.3
|-
| Not Stated
| align="right" | 1.1
| align="right" | 0.6
| align="right" | 0.6
|-
|}

== Nationality and immigration ==
Lithuania's membership of the [[European Union]] has made Lithuanian citizenship all the more appealing. Lithuanian [[citizenship]] is theoretically easier (see court ruling notes below) to obtain than that of many other European countries—only one great-grandparent is necessary to become a Lithuanian citizen. Persons who held citizenship in the Republic of Lithuania prior to June 15, 1940, and their children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren (provided that these persons did not repatriate) are eligible for Lithuanian citizenship [https://web.archive.org/web/20060524003559/http://www.lithuanianembassy.ca/documents/Lithuanian%20citizenship%20information.pdf].
 
Lithuanian citizens are allowed to travel and work throughout the [[European Union]] without a visa or other restrictions.

The Lithuanian Constitutional Court ruled in November 2006 that a number of provisions of the Law of the Republic of Lithuania on citizenship are in conflict with the Lithuanian Constitution. In particular, the court ruled that a number of current provisions of the Citizenship Law implicitly or explicitly allowing dual citizenship are in conflict with the Constitution; such provisions amounted to the unconstitutional practice of making dual citizenship a common phenomenon rather than a rare exception. The provisions of the Citizenship Law announced to be unconstitutional are no longer valid and applicable to the extent stated by the Constitutional Court.

The Lithuanian Parliament amended the Citizenship Law substantially as a result of this court ruling, allowing dual citizenship for children of at least one Lithuanian parent who are born abroad, but preventing Lithuanians from retaining their Lithuanian citizenship after obtaining the citizenship of another country.

There are some special cases still permitting dual citizenship.  See [[Lithuanian nationality law]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Largest groups of foreign residents
!Rank
!Nationality 
!Population (2023)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://migracija.lrv.lt/public/canonical/1724756643/856/yearbook2023.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=17 February 2025 |archive-date=2020-06-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200629221801/https://123.emn.lt/file/2019/11/19/17_Foreigners_by_citizenship_1.xlsx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|1
|{{flag|Ukraine}}
|86,352
|-
|2
|{{flag|Belarus}}
|62,165
|-
|3
|{{flag|Russia}}
|15,888
|-
|4
|{{flag|Uzbekistan}}
|8,253
|-
|5
|{{flag|Kyrgyzstan}}
|6,205
|-
|6
|{{flag|Tajikistan}}
|5,701
|-
|7
|{{flag|India}}
|4,668
|-
|8
|{{flag|Azerbaijan}}
|3,833
|-
|9
|{{flag|Kazakhstan}}
|3,116
|-
|10
|{{flag|Georgia}}
|2,019
|-
|11
|{{flag|Turkey}}
|1,915
|-
|12
|{{flag|Moldova}}
|1,361
|-
|13
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Latvia}}
|1,259
|-
|14
|{{flag|Pakistan}}
|926
|-
|15
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Germany}}
|902
|-
|16
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}
|818
|-
|15
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Poland}}
|794
|-
|16
|{{flag|United States}}
|792
|-
|17
|{{flag|Israel}}
|730
|-
|18
|{{flag|Nigeria}}
|641
|-
|19
|{{flagicon|EU}}{{flag|Italy}}
|612
|-
|20
|{{flag|Philippines}}
|487
|-
!colspan="2"|Total
!221,848
|}

===Lithuania migration data, 1990–present===

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Immigrants !! Emigrants !! Net Migration
|-
| 1990 || 14,744 || 23,592 || −8,848
|-
| 1991 || 11,828 || 22,503 || −10,675
|-
| 1992 || 6,640 || 31,972 || −25,322
|-
| 1993 || 2,850 || 26,840 || −23,990
|-
| 1994 || 1,664 || 25,859 || −24,195
|-
| 1995 || 2,020 || 25,688 || −23,668
|-
| 1996 || 3,025 || 26,394 || −23,369
|-
| 1997 || 2,536 || 24,957 || −22,421
|-
| 1998 || 2,706 || 24,828 || −22,122
|-
| 1999 || 2,679 || 23,418 || −20,739
|-
| 2000 || 1,510 || 21,816 || −20,306
|-
| 2001 || 4,694 || 27,841 || −23,147
|-
| 2002 || 5,110 || 16,719 || −11,609
|-
| 2003 || 4,728 || 26,283 || −21,555
|-
| 2004 || 5,553 || 37,691 || −32,138
|-
| 2005 || 6,789 || 57,885 || −51,096
|-
| 2006 || 7,745 || 32,390 || −24,645
|-
| 2007 || 8,609 || 30,383 || −21,774
|-
| 2008 || 9,297 || 25,750 || −16,453
|-
| 2009 || 6,487 || 38,500 || −32,013
|-
| 2010 || 5,213 || 83,157 || −77,944
|-
| 2011 || 15,685 || 53,863 || −38,178
|-
| 2012 || 28,797 || 46,807 || −18,010
|-
| 2013 || 30,924 || 45,049 || −14,125
|-
| 2014 || 33,544 || 43,874 || −10,330
|-
| 2015 || 31,085 || 50,445 || −19,360
|-
| 2016 || 31,395 || 56,299 || −24,904
|-
| 2017 || 33,305 || 53,951 || −20,646
|-
| 2018 || 37,420 || 38,638 || −1,218
|-
| 2019 || 46,526 || 35,441 || 11,085
|-
| 2020 || 46,020 || 25,245 || 20,775
|-
| 2021 || 44,858 || 25,205 || 19,653
|-
| 2022 || 87,367 || 15,270 || 72,097
|-
| 2023 || 66,920 || 21,986 || 44,934
|}

==Languages==
{| align="right"
|-
| {{bar box
|title=Native languages in Lithuania, 2021 census.<ref name="Su22">{{cite web|url=https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymai1|title=Population by command of languages in municipality|access-date=23 September 2022|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305052046/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/gyventoju-ir-bustu-surasymai1|url-status=live}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=250px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]|#006A44|85.33}}
{{bar percent|[[Russian language|Russian]]|Blue|6.79}}
{{bar percent|[[Polish language|Polish]]|#DC143C|5.12}}
{{bar percent|[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]|Purple|0.24}}
{{bar percent|[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]|#FFD500|0.17}}
{{bar percent|Other|Black|0.61}}
{{bar percent|Two languages|#FF44FF|1.75}}
}}
|-
| {{bar box
|title=Knowledge of foreign languages in Lithuania, 2021 census.<ref name="Su22" />
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=250px
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Russian language|Russian]]|Blue|60.6}}
{{bar percent|[[English language|English]]|Pink|31.1}}
{{bar percent|[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]|#006A44|10.5}}
{{bar percent|[[German language|German]]|#FFF44F|8.0}}
{{bar percent|[[Polish language|Polish]]|#DC143C|7.9}}
{{bar percent|[[French language|French]]|Orange|1.9}}
}}
|}
The [[Lithuanian language]] is the country's sole official language countrywide. It is the first language of over 85% of population and is also spoken by 295,244 out of 432,643 non-Lithuanians.<ref name="Su22"/> Ethnic minorities, such as the Polish population that mostly speaks Polish; Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians who immigrated after World War II and converse in Russian, generally use their associated languages as their main language.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Vitold Jancis |title=What is happening to the Russian language in Lithuania |url=https://www.dw.com/ru/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82-%D1%81-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B2-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5/a-39140883 |access-date=2017-06-07 |publisher=dw.com |archive-date=2017-06-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170607130951/http://www.dw.com/ru/%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%82-%D1%81-%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC-%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC-%D0%B2-%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5/a-39140883 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Nearly every citizen of Lithuania is considered to be at least [[bilingual]], with the older generations being able to speak Russian as a second language, as the Soviet era had imposed the official use of Russian, while the independence generations usually speak English as their second language.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Employees fluent in three languages – it's the norm in Lithuania|url=https://investlithuania.com/news/employees-fluent-in-three-languages-its-the-norm-in-lithuania/|access-date=21 February 2021|website=Invest Lithuania|archive-date=19 October 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231019201722/https://investlithuania.com/news/employees-fluent-in-three-languages-its-the-norm-in-lithuania/|url-status=live}}</ref> According to the census of 2021, 31% of the population can speak English, 67.4% – Russian.<ref name="Su22"/> The average Lithuanian knows 2.7 languages with a substantial portion of the total population (37%) speaking at least two foreign languages.<ref>{{cite web | title=Lithuanians among top bilingual nations in Europe | website=Study in Lithuania | date=16 October 2014 | url=https://studyin.lt/2014/10/16/lithuaniansamongtopbilingualnationsineurope/ | access-date=16 December 2023 | archive-date=17 December 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231217063333/https://studyin.lt/2014/10/16/lithuaniansamongtopbilingualnationsineurope/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

Approximately 14,800 pupils started their 2012 school year in schools where the curriculum is conducted in Russian (down from 76,000 in 1991), and about 12,300 enrolled in Polish schools (compared to 11,400 in 1991 and 21,700 in 2001). There are also schools in the [[Belarusian language]], as well as in [[English language|English]], [[German language|German]], and [[French language|French]].<ref>[http://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=1243&status=A General school pupils] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231012201306/https://osp.stat.gov.lt/en/statistiniu-rodikliu-analize?id=1243&status=A |date=2023-10-12 }}, Statistics Lithuania</ref><ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.pasch-net.de/de/par/spo/eur/lit/3336966.html| title = Initiative "Schulen: Partner der Zukunft" – Hermann-Sudermann-Gymnasium Klaipėda| access-date = 2019-03-04| archive-date = 2019-03-06| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043125/https://www.pasch-net.de/de/par/spo/eur/lit/3336966.html| url-status = live}}</ref>

There are perhaps 50 speakers of [[Karaim language|Karaim]], a [[Turkic language]] spoken by [[Karaite Jews]], in Lithuania.<ref>UNESCO, [http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/cultural-diversity/languages-and-multilingualism/endangered-languages/audio-visual-resources/ Audio-visual resources] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111228174515/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/culture/themes/cultural-diversity/languages-and-multilingualism/endangered-languages/audio-visual-resources/ |date=2011-12-28 }}. Retrieved 2011-09-12.</ref>

[[Lithuanian Sign Language]] and [[Russian Sign Language]] are used by the deaf community.

[[Baltic Romani]] is spoken by the Lithuanian Roma (Gypsy) minority.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/virtuallibrary/librarydb/web/files/pdfs/375/Paper20.pdf|title=Roma and Romani in Lithuania in the 21st century|access-date=2022-10-26|archive-date=2022-09-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930104538/http://romani.humanities.manchester.ac.uk/virtuallibrary/librarydb/web/files/pdfs/375/Paper20.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Religion ==
{{Main article|Religion in Lithuania}}
[[File:Vilnius.Sv.Onos baznycia.Saint Ann's church2.jpg|thumb|right|[[St. Anne's Church, Vilnius|St. Anne's Church]], [[Vilnius]]]] As per the 2011 census, 77.2% of Lithuanians identified themselves as Roman Catholic.<ref name="religion">Department of Statistics to the Government of the Republic of Lithuania. ''{{cite web|url=http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/en/web/guest/pranesimai-spaudai?articleId=223122 |title=Ethnicity, mother tongue and religion |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141008005424/http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/en/web/guest/pranesimai-spaudai?articleId=223122 |archive-date=2014-10-08 }}''. 2013-03-15.</ref> The Church has been the majority denomination since the [[Christianisation of Lithuania]] at the end of the 14th century. Some priests actively led the resistance against the Communist regime (symbolised by the [[Hill of Crosses]]).

In the first half of the 20th century, the [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] Protestant church had around 200,000 members, 9% of the total population, mostly Protestant Lithuanians from the former Memel Territory and Germans, but it has declined since 1945. Small Protestant communities are dispersed throughout the northern and western parts of the country. Believers and clergy suffered greatly during the Soviet occupation, with many killed, tortured or deported to Siberia. Various Protestant churches have established missions in Lithuania since 1990.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.2012693/k.AEBE/United_Methodists_evangelize_in_Lithuania_with_ads_brochures.htm |title=United Methodists evangelize in Lithuania with ads, brochures |publisher=Umc.org |date=11 August 2006 |access-date=25 April 2010 |archive-date=14 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171014092015/http://www.umc.org/site/c.gjJTJbMUIuE/b.2012693/k.AEBE/United_Methodists_evangelize_in_Lithuania_with_ads_brochures.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> 4.1% are [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]], 0.8% are [[Old Believers]] (both mainly among the Russian minority), 0.8% are Protestant and 6.1% have [[irreligion|no religion]].

Lithuania was historically home to a significant [[History of the Jews in Lithuania|Jewish community]] and was an important center of Jewish scholarship and culture from the 18th century, until the community, numbering about 160,000 before World War II, was almost [[Holocaust in Lithuania|entirely annihilated]] during [[the Holocaust]].<ref name="Bubnys_vanished219">{{cite book |author=Arūnas Bubnys |chapter=Holocaust in Lithuania: An Outline of the Major Stages and Their Results |title=The Vanished World of Lithuanian Jews |publisher=Rodopi |year=2004 |isbn=90-420-0850-4 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mdXRKbcyi5oC&pg=PA219 |pages=218–219 |access-date=2020-12-20 |archive-date=2016-01-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160115084900/https://books.google.com/books?id=mdXRKbcyi5oC&pg=PA219&vq=is+the+worst+tragedy+of+Lithuania%27s&dq=Holocaust+1941+Lithuania&as_brr=3&source=gbs_search_s&sig=ZtduokysVV6MqLWS7I9uw7tMUFE |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Lithuania|url=http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005444|encyclopedia=Holocaust Encyclopedia|publisher=United States Holocaust Memorial Museum|access-date=12 April 2012|archive-date=20 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920235107/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005444|url-status=live}}</ref> By 2011, around 3000 people in Lithuania identified themselves as Jews, while around 1200 identified with Judaic religious community.<ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2011. Population by ethnicity and municipality|url=http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Population_by_ethnicity_municipality.xls|work=Statistics Lithuania|access-date=28 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924063013/http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Population_by_ethnicity_municipality.xls|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Census 2011. Population by religious community indicated, municipalities|url=http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Population_by_religion_municipality.xls|work=Statistics Lithuania|access-date=28 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205405/http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Population_by_religion_municipality.xls|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

According to the 2005 [[Eurobarometer|Eurobarometer Poll]],<ref name=EUROBAROMETER>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |title=Eurobarometer on Social Values, Science and technology 2005 |page=11 |access-date=2007-05-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060524004644/http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/archives/ebs/ebs_225_report_en.pdf |archive-date=2006-05-24 }}</ref> 12% said that "they do not believe there is any sort of spirit, [[god]], or [[Energy (spirituality)|life force]]", 36% answered that "they believe there is some sort of spirit or [[Energy (spirituality)|life force]]" and 49% of Lithuanian citizens responded that "they believe there is a [[God]]".

{{dead link|date=July 2022|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}

==Education==
{{Main article|Education in Lithuania}}
According to the 2011 census, only around 0.2% of the Lithuanian population aged 10 and over were illiterate, the majority of them in rural areas. The proportion is similar for males and females.<ref name="EducationStats">Statistics Lithuania, 2011 Census, [http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/en/web/guest/pranesimai-spaudai?eventId=1699 Population by educational attainment and command of languages] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102051002/http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/en/web/guest/pranesimai-spaudai?eventId=1699 |date=2013-11-02 }}</ref>

The general education system in Lithuania consists of primary, basic, secondary and tertiary education. Primary, basic and secondary (or high school) education is free of charge to all residents and is compulsory for pupils under 16 years of age.<ref name="LowerSecondary">Ministry of Education and Science, Education, [http://www.smm.lt/web/en/education_1/lower-secondary-education Lower secondary education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105141325/http://www.smm.lt/web/en/education_1/lower-secondary-education |date=2013-11-05 }}</ref> Pre-primary education is also available free of charge to 5- and 6-year-old children but is not compulsory. Pre-primary schooling is attended by about 90% of pre-school age children in Lithuania.<ref>Ministry of Education and Science, Education, [http://www.smm.lt/web/en/education_1/pre_school Pre-school education] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105141329/http://www.smm.lt/web/en/education_1/pre_school |date=2013-11-05 }}</ref> Primary, basic and secondary education in Lithuania is available to some ethnic minorities in their native languages, including Polish, Russian and Belarusian.

Primary schooling ({{langx|lt|pradinis ugdymas}}) is available to children who have reached age 7 (or younger, should the parents so desire) and lasts four years. Primary school students are not assessed through a grade system, instead using oral or written feedback. Students begin studying their first foreign language in their second year of primary school.<ref name="EducationSystem">Government of the Republic of Lithuania, The Official Gateway of Lithuania, [http://www.lietuva.lt/en/education_sience/education/education_system Education System] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105151251/http://www.lietuva.lt/en/education_sience/education/education_system |date=2013-11-05 }}</ref> Data from the 2011 census showed that 99.1% of the population aged 20 and older have attained at least primary education, while around 27,000 pupils started the first grade in 2012.<ref name="EducCensus">Statistics Lithuania, 2011 Census, [http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Population_educ_att_age_group_municipality.xls Population by educational attainment, age group and municipality] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105164403/http://www.osp.stat.gov.lt/documents/10180/217110/Population_educ_att_age_group_municipality.xls |date=2013-11-05 }}</ref>

Basic education ({{langx|lt|pagrindinis ugdymas}}) covers grades 5 to 10. It is provided by basic, secondary, youth, vocational schools and gymnasiums. After completing the 10th grade, the students must take the basic education achievement test in the Lithuanian language, mathematics, and an elective basic education achievement test in their mother tongue (Belarusian, Polish, Russian or German).<ref name="LowerSecondary" /> In 2011, 90.9% of the population of Lithuania aged 20 or older had attained the basic level of education.<ref name="EducCensus" />

Secondary education ({{langx|lt|vidurinis ugdymas}}) in Lithuania is optional and available to students who have attained basic education. It covers two years (11th–12th grades in secondary schools and 3rd–4th grades in gymnasiums). At this level, students have the opportunity to adapt their study plans (subjects and study level) to their individual preferences.<ref name="EducationSystem" /> Secondary education is completed upon passing national ''[[matura]]'' examinations. These consist of as many as six separate examinations of which two (Lithuanian Language and Literature and one elective subject) are required to attain the diploma. As of 2011, 78.2% of the population of Lithuania aged 20 or older had attained the secondary level of education, including secondary education provided by vocational schools.<ref name="EducCensus" />

More than 60% of the graduates from secondary school every year choose to continue education at colleges and universities of the Lithuanian higher education system. As of 2013, there were 23 universities (including academies and business schools recognized as such) and 24 colleges operating in Lithuania. Vilnius University, founded in 1579, is the oldest and largest university in Lithuania. More than 48,000 students enrolled in all higher education programmes in Lithuania in 2011, including level I (professional bachelor and bachelor), level II (masters) and level III (doctorate) studies.<ref>Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Lithuania, [http://www.smm.lt/uploads/documents/Teises_aktai/Lietuvos%20svietimas%20skaiciais%202012.%20Studijos.pdf Lietuvos švietimas skaičiais, 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908180052/http://www.smm.lt/uploads/documents/Teises_aktai/Lietuvos%20svietimas%20skaiciais%202012.%20Studijos.pdf |date=2014-09-08 }}</ref> Higher education in Lithuania is partly state-funded, with free-of-charge access to higher education constitutionally guaranteed to students deemed "good". There are also scholarships available to the best students.

==See also==
* [[Lithuania]]
* [[Constitution of Lithuania]]
* [[Lithuanians in Brazil]]
* [[Ethnic history of the Vilnius region]]
* [[Russians in Lithuania]] 
* [[Ukrainians in Lithuania]]
* [[Aging of Europe]]
* '''''<small>{{portal-inline|Lithuania}}</small>'''''

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.smm.lt/svietimo_bukle/docs/statistika/svietimas(213-234).pdf statistics about education in Lithuania (PDF)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070926151419/http://www.smm.lt/svietimo_bukle/docs/statistika/svietimas(213-234).pdf |date=2007-09-26 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070929124226/http://www.stat.gov.lt/en/pages/view/?id=1670 Key results of Lithuanian census]
* [https://www.populationpyramid.net/lithuania/2020/ 2020 Population pyramid of Lithuania.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210611093254/https://www.populationpyramid.net/lithuania/2020/ |date=2021-06-11 }}
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070513144253/http://www.savizudybes.lt/vidinis.asp?DL=L&TopicID=12 Suicide statistics as of 2005 (Lith.)]

{{Lithuania topics}}
{{Ethnic groups in Lithuania}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Lithuania}}
[[Category:Demographics of Lithuania| ]]