Editing Demographics of Kazakhstan

{{Short description|none}}
{{redirect|Kazakhstani||Kazakh (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox place demographics
 | place              = [[Kazakhstan]]
 | image              = Kazakhstan Population Pyramid.svg
 | image_size         = 350
 | caption            = [[Population pyramid]] of [[Kazakhstan]] in 2023

<!-- main demographics -->
 | size_of_population = 20,182,003 (1 August 2024)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics - Main |url=https://stat.gov.kz/en/ |access-date=2023-07-02 |website=stat.gov.kz |language=en |archive-date=2023-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230618082159/https://stat.gov.kz/en/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | density            = {{Pop density|20182003|2724900|sqkm}}
 | growth             = 8.6/1,000 population (2024 est.)
 | birth              = 17.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
 | death              = 8.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
 | life               = 73.3 years (2024 est.)<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/#people-and-society | title=Kazakhstan | date=9 September 2024 }}</ref>
 | life_male          = 69 years
 | life_female        = 77.9 years
 | fertility          = 2.96 children born/woman (2023 est.)<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Bank Open Data |url=https://data.worldbank.org/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=World Bank Open Data |archive-date=2023-05-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526025607/https://data.worldbank.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
 | infant_mortality   = 8 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
 | net_migration      = -0.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2024 est.)

<!-- age structure -->
 | age_0-14_years     = 29.5% (male 3,001,983/female 2,833,471)
 | age_15-64_years    = 62.0% (male 6,028,354/female 6,224,431)
 | age_65_years       = 8.5% (male 617,364/female 1,061,204) (2023 Est.)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spreadsheets - Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics |url=https://stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/spreadsheets/ |access-date=2023-07-13 |website=stat.gov.kz |language=en |archive-date=2023-07-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230713203332/https://stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/spreadsheets/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
<!-- sex ratio -->
 | total_mf_ratio     = 0.95 male(s)/female
 | sr_at_birth        = 1.06 male(s)/female
 | sr_under_15        = 1.05 male(s)/female
 | sr_15-64_years     = 0.95 male(s)/female
 | sr_65_years_over   = 0.54 male(s)/female
<!-- nationality -->
 | nation             = Kazakh(s) or Kazakhstani(s) 
 | major_ethnic       = [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]] (71.3%)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/336996/file/en/|title=Б-18-08-Г (англ) Т4|website=stat.gov.kz}}</ref>
 | minor_ethnic       = {{unbulleted list
|{{Tree list}}
* [[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]] (14.6%)
* [[Uzbeks in Kazakhstan|Uzbek]] (3.3%)
* [[Ukrainians in Kazakhstan|Ukrainian]] (1.8%)
* [[Uyghurs in Kazakhstan|Uyghur]] (1.5%)
* [[Germans in Kazakhstan|German]] (1.1%)
* [[Tatars in Kazakhstan|Tatar]] (1.1%)
* [[Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan|Others]] (5.3%)
{{tree list/end}}
}}

<!-- language -->
 | official           = [[Kazakh language|Kazakh]]
 | spoken             = [[Languages of Kazakhstan]]
}}
  
The '''demographics of Kazakhstan''' enumerate the [[demographics|demographic]] features of the [[population]] of [[Kazakhstan]], including population growth, [[population density]], [[Ethnic group|ethnicity]], education level, health, economic status, [[Religion in Kazakhstan|religious affiliations]], and other aspects of the population. Some use the word Kazakh to refer to the [[Kazakhs|Kazakh ethnic group]] and [[Kazakh language|language]] (autochthonous to Kazakhstan as well as parts of China and Mongolia) and '''Kazakhstani''' to refer to Kazakhstan and its citizens regardless of ethnicity,<ref>Schreiber, Dagmar and Tredinnick, Jeremy. ''Kazakhstan''. Odyssey Publications, 2010, p. 82.</ref><ref name=USStateDept>{{cite web|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5487.htm|title=Kazakhstan|work=U.S. Department of State|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=21 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170121153153/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5487.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> but it is common to use Kazakh in both senses.<ref name=FCO>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/kazakhstan?profile=all UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, ''Kazakhstan'', 2 Feb 2011] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111006090921/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-by-country/country-profile/asia-oceania/kazakhstan/?profile=all |date=6 October 2011 }}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kazakhembus.com/|title=News & featured articles|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=16 March 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150316153559/http://www.kazakhembus.com/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.erlanidrissov.com/ |title=Ambassador Erlan A Idissov, Embassy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the USA. |access-date=2011-09-21 |archive-date=2018-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181124221731/http://erlanidrissov.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It is expected that by 2050, the population will range from 23.5 to 27.7 million people.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Division |first=United Nations Population |title=Total population by sex: Kazakhstan |url=https://population.un.org/dataportal/data/indicators/49/locations/398/start/2023/end/2101/table/pivotbylocation |access-date=2023-05-21 |website=Population Division Data Portal |language=en |archive-date=2023-05-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521130504/https://population.un.org/dataportal/data/indicators/49/locations/398/start/2023/end/2101/table/pivotbylocation |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Overview ==
Official estimates put the population of Kazakhstan at 20,182,003 as of August 2024, of which 62.7% is urban and 37.3% is rural population.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Agency for Strategic planning and reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan Bureau of National statistics - Main |url=https://stat.gov.kz/en/ |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=stat.gov.kz |language=en}}</ref> In a report released by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) in September 2021, the level of urbanization in Kazakhstan is estimated to reach 69.1% by 2050.<ref>{{Cite web|last=September 2021|first=Saniya Bulatkulova in Nation on 8|date=2021-09-08|title=7 out of 10 People in Kazakhstan Are Expected to Live in Cities By 2050, According to UN|url=https://astanatimes.com/2021/09/7-out-of-10-people-in-kazakhstan-are-expected-to-live-in-cities-by-2050-according-to-un/|access-date=2021-12-10|website=The Astana Times|language=en|archive-date=2023-05-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230529080938/https://astanatimes.com/2021/09/7-out-of-10-people-in-kazakhstan-are-expected-to-live-in-cities-by-2050-according-to-un/|url-status=live}}</ref>

The proportion of men makes up 48.85% and the proportion of women is 51.15%.

Ethnic Kazakhs make up 71%, Russians 14.9%, Uzbeks 3.3%, Ukrainians 1.9%, Uygur 1.5%, Germans 1.1%, Tatars 1.1%, and others 5.2%.

The first census in Kazakhstan was conducted under [[Russian Empire|Russian Imperial]] rule in 1897, which estimated population at round 4 million people. Following censuses showed a growth until 1939, where numbers showed a decrease to 6,081 thousand relative to the previous census done 13 years earlier, due to famines of 1922 and 1933.
{{Main|Kazakh famine of 1919–1922|Kazakh famine of 1932–33}}
But since 1939 population has steadily increased to 16.5 million in 1989, according to corresponding year census. Official estimates indicate that the population continued to increase after 1989, peaking out at 17 million in 1993 and then declining to 15 million in the 1999 census. The downward trend continued through 2002, when the estimated population bottomed out at 14.9 million, and then resumed its growth.<ref name=demoscope>[http://demoscope.ru/weekly/2003/0103/analit03.php Population dynamics and ethnic composition of Kazakhstan in the second half of the 20th century] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128164928/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/2003/0103/analit03.php |date=2020-11-28 }}, ''Demoscope Weekly'', No. 103-104, 3–16 March 2003 {{in lang|ru}}</ref>  Significant numbers of Russians returned to Russia.  Kazakhstan underwent significant urbanization during the first 50 years of the Soviet era, as the share of the rural population declined from more than 90% in the 1920s to less than 50% since the 1970s.<ref name=yb/> The fertility rate declined to amongst the lower rates in the world in 1999 and increased to again amongst the higher rates in the world in 2021.


==Population size and structure==
=== Population of Kazakhstan 1897–2024 ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Year
!Population (thousands)
!Urban, %
!Rural, %
!Source
|----
|1897
|4,000
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|census
|----
|1926
|6,198
|{{n/a}}
|{{n/a}}
|census
|----
|1939
|6,081
|{{percentage bar|28}}
|{{percentage bar|72}}
|census
|----
|1959
|9,295
|{{percentage bar|44}}
|{{percentage bar|56}}
|census
|----
|1970
|13,001
|{{percentage bar|50}}
|{{percentage bar|50}}
|census
|----
|1979
|14,685
|{{percentage bar|54}}
|{{percentage bar|46}}
|census
|----
|1989
|16,537
|{{percentage bar|57}}
|{{percentage bar|43}}
|census
|----
|1999
|14,953
|{{percentage bar|57}}
|{{percentage bar|43}}
|census
|----
|2009
|15,982
|{{percentage bar|54}}
|{{percentage bar|46}}
|census
|-
|2021
|19,186
|{{percentage bar|61}}
|{{percentage bar|39}}
|census
|----
|2024
|20,182
|{{percentage bar|63}}
|{{percentage bar|37}}
|estimate
|}
:''Data sources'': Population 1897 from [[Russian Empire Census]]. Population 1926 from [[First All-Union Census of the Soviet Union]]. Population 1939–1999 from demoscope.ru,<ref name=demoscope/> 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.<ref name=agency>[http://www.stat.kz/digital/naselsenie/Pages/default.aspx Population and social policy] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713074712/http://www.stat.kz/digital/naselsenie/Pages/default.aspx |date=2009-07-13 }}, Statistical Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan {{in lang|ru}}</ref> Rural/urban shares 1939–1993 from statistical yearbooks, print editions,<ref name=yb>''Statistical Yearbook of Kazakhstan'', Almaty, various years since 1980 {{in lang|ru}}</ref> 2002–2008 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.<ref name=agency/> 2009–2014 from Kazakhstan Statistical Agency web site.<ref name="statgovkz">[http://www.stat.gov.kz] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170512040753/http://www.stat.gov.kz/|date=2017-05-12}} Statistical Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan {{in lang|ru}}</ref>

As of 2003, there were discrepancies between Western sources regarding the population of Kazakhstan. [[United States]] government sources, including the [[CIA World Fact Book]] and the [[US Census Bureau International Data Base]], listed the population as 15,340,533,<ref name=cia>[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/ CIA Factbook (Kazakhstan)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132304/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan |date=2021-01-09 }} Retrieved on May 2, 2008</ref> while the [[World Bank]] gave a 2002 estimate of 14,858,948.<ref name="World Databank">{{cite web|title=World DataBank>World Development Indicators|url=http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&country=KAZ|website=databank.worldbank.org|access-date=31 January 2017|archive-date=16 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150916020719/http://databank.worldbank.org/data/reports.aspx?source=2&country=KAZ|url-status=live}}</ref> This discrepancy was presumably due to difficulties in measurement caused by the large migratory population in [[Kazakhstan]], emigration, and low population density – only about 5.5 persons per km<sup>2</sup> in an area the size of [[Western Europe]].

=== Structure of the population ===

Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2021) (Data refer to resident population.):<ref>{{cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2021/ | title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics | access-date=2023-11-18 | archive-date=2023-11-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111164217/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2021/ | url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 9 223 589
| align="right" | 9 777 399
| align="right" | 19 000 988
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0
| align="right" | 223 552
| align="right" | 209 539
| align="right" | 433 090
| align="right" | 2.28
|-
| align="right" | 1–4
| align="right" | 818 257
| align="right" | 766 788
| align="right" | 1 585 045
| align="right" | 8.34
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 982 270
| align="right" | 927 108
| align="right" | 1 909 377
| align="right" | 10.05
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 857 617
| align="right" | 811 696
| align="right" | 1 669 313
| align="right" | 8.76
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 643 879
| align="right" | 610 943
| align="right" | 1 254 821
| align="right" | 6.60
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 568 174
| align="right" | 544 634
| align="right" | 1 112 808
| align="right" | 5.86
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 699 428
| align="right" | 680 033
| align="right" | 1 379 461
| align="right" | 7.26
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 793 785
| align="right" | 815 781
| align="right" | 1 609 566
| align="right" | 8.47
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 690 052
| align="right" | 709 580
| align="right" | 1 399 631
| align="right" | 7.37
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 586 612
| align="right" | 615 237
| align="right" | 1 201 849
| align="right" | 6.33
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 525 164
| align="right" | 576 347
| align="right" | 1 101 510
| align="right" | 5.80
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 475 079
| align="right" | 532 077
| align="right" | 1 007 156
| align="right" | 5.30
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 449 996
| align="right" | 534 713
| align="right" | 984 709
| align="right" | 5.18
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 375 734
| align="right" | 486 204
| align="right" | 861 938
| align="right" | 4.54
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 241 436
| align="right" | 361 664
| align="right" | 603 099
| align="right" | 3.17
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 149 026
| align="right" | 263 406
| align="right" | 412 432
| align="right" | 2.17
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 60 581
| align="right" | 122 881
| align="right" | 183 462
| align="right" | 0.97
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 57 026
| align="right" | 141 863
| align="right" | 198 889
| align="right" | 1.05
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 17 029
| align="right" | 47 320
| align="right" | 64 348
| align="right" | 0.34
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 5 915
| align="right" | 15 747
| align="right" | 21 662
| align="right" | 0.11
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 1 980
| align="right" | 3 013
| align="right" | 4 993
| align="right" | 0.03
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 1 002
| align="right" | 831
| align="right" | 1 832
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 2 881 696
| align="right" | 2 715 129
| align="right" | 5 596 825
| align="right" | 29.46
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 5 807 898
| align="right" | 6 105 548
| align="right" | 11 913 446
| align="right" | 62.70
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 533 995
| align="right" | 956 722
| align="right" | 1 490 717
| align="right" | 7.84
|-
|}

Structure of the population (01.01.2021) (Estimates):<ref>{{cite web| url = http://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/61/statistics/5| title = stat.gov.kz| access-date = 2021-05-12| archive-date = 2021-05-13| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210513062353/https://stat.gov.kz/official/industry/61/statistics/5| url-status = dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 9 160 399
| align="right" | 9 719 153
| align="right" | 18 879 552
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–15
| align="right" | 2 980 297
| align="right" | 2 809 236
| align="right" | 5 789 533
| align="right" | 30.7
|-
| align="right" | 16–62(59)
| align="right" | 5 524 137
| align="right" | 5 485 235
| align="right" | 11 009 372
| align="right" | 58.3
|-
| align="right" | 63(60)+
| align="right" | 655 965
| align="right" | 1 424 682
| align="right" | 2 080 647
| align="right" | 11.0
|-
|}
The age group under 15 is considered below the working age, while the age group over 63(60) is above the working age (63 years for men, 60 for women).
{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=year
| yAxisTitle= million
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022

| y1= 6.7, 6.9, 7.1, 7.3, 7.5, 8, 8.4, 8.7, 9.1, 9.5, 10, 10.5, 11, 11.3, 11.6, 11.9, 12.2, 12.5, 12.7, 12.9, 13.1, 13.3, 13.5, 13.7, 14, 14.1,  14.3,  14.4, 14.6,14.7, 14.9, 15, 15.2, 15.3, 15.5,15.6,  15.8, 15.9, 16.2, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.4, 16.4, 16.1, 15.8, 15.6,  15.3, 15.1, 14.9, 14.9, 14.9, 14.9, 15, 15.1, 15.3, 15.5, 15.7, 15.9, 16.1,16.3, 16.6, 16.8, 17, 17.3, 17.6, 17.8, 18, 18.1, 18.4, 18.6, 18.9, 19.8

| y1Title= population (million)
}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 700
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| hAnnotatonsLine=0
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023

| y1= 26.1, 27.6, 25.2, 26.0, 26.9, 28.3, 28.6, 29.7, 30.1, 29.4, 30.7, 29.5, 27.2, 24.6, 22.2, 20.6, 19.6, 18.5,17.6,  16.9, 17.1, 17.8, 17.2, 16.8, 17.5, 17.1, 17.3, 16.9, 17.0, 16.3, 15.9, 16.4, 16.7, 16.6, 17.4, 17.3, 18.5, 18.5, 17.4, 15.8, 14.3, 13.3, 12.2, 9.7, 9.0, 6.8, 5.6, 4.7, 4.5, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.2, 6.2, 8.0, 8.0, 9.3, 10.5, 12.8, 13.2, 13.6, 13.8, 14.2, 14.7, 15.5, 15.2, 15.6,14.5, 14.7, 14.6, 13.8, 13.9, 13.5

| y2=,7.4,1,-7,7.3,29.7,23,4.3,9,16.7,17.3,16.7,16.4,7.4,2.7,4.6,3.1,3.3,1.2,-0.9,-1.4,-1.7,-1.5,
-1.7,-2.3,-4.3,-7.2,-6.8,-5.8,-5.9,-6.4,-6.5,-6.7,-6.9,-7.9,-8.2,-8.8,-7.7,-2.5,-12.4,-9.1,-8.6,-10.1,-13.3,-23.6,-27.7,-20.9,-20.6,-21.9,-13.6,-6.5,-5.3,-3.8,-1.4,0.2,2.2,2.4,2.1,0.4,0.6,0.5,0.4,-0.2,-0.7,-0.9,0.1,-0.9,-3.6,-8,-0.6,-1.4,-1,31.2

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
| y2Title=Crude migration change (per 1000)
}}

{{GraphChart
| width = 350
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=Year
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| legend=
| hAnnotatonsLine= 2.1
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| type = line
| x= 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022
| y1= 3.04, 3.02, 3.13, 3.19, 3.13, 2.81, 2.72, 2.67, 2.62, 2.54, 2.43, 2.21, 2.02, 1.93, 1.81, 1.80, 1.88, 1.84, 1.88, 2.03, 2.21, 2.22, 2.36, 2.47, 2.68, 2.55, 2.59, 2.59, 2.62, 2.64, 2.73, 2.74, 2.77, 2.75, 2.84, 2.90, 3.13, 3.32,  
| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}
== Vital statistics ==
=== Births and deaths ===
<ref>{{cite web |url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |title=Demographic Yearbook |website=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |access-date=2011-02-25 |archive-date=2016-12-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm |url-status=live }}{{nonspecific|date=May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/homeNumbersPopulation?_afrLoop=508986152316893#%40%3F_afrLoop%3D508986152316893%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D1bdj3767u5_113|title=Халық|access-date=18 March 2015|archive-date=14 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114231707/http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/homeNumbersPopulation?_afrLoop=508986152316893#%40%3F_afrLoop%3D508986152316893%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D1bdj3767u5_113|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php |script-title=ru:Естественное движение населения республик СССР, 1935 |trans-title=Natural population growth of the Republics of the USSR, 1935 |language=ru |publisher=Demoscope.ru |access-date=31 March 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402125545/http://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/ussr_ed_1935.php |archive-date=2 April 2015 }}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/PressServicePage/PressServiceNews/newsPage/newsPage_ru/contentQueryNews_ru_UCM_u23_dDocName_u3a_ESTAT223639?_adf.ctrl-state=1bdswgvxlg_69&_afrLoop=5328870982116092|title=О демографической ситуации в Республике Казахстан|website=www.stat.gov.kz|access-date=2017-08-16|archive-date=2017-08-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170816191231/http://www.stat.gov.kz/faces/PressServicePage/PressServiceNews/newsPage/newsPage_ru/contentQueryNews_ru_UCM_u23_dDocName_u3a_ESTAT223639?_adf.ctrl-state=1bdswgvxlg_69&_afrLoop=5328870982116092|url-status=dead}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!
! width="80pt"|Average population 
! width="80pt"|Live births<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|Deaths<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|Natural change<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|Crude birth rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Crude death rate (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Natural change (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Crude migration change (per 1000)
! width="80pt"|Fertility rates
! width="80pt"|Life expectancy
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 6,703,000
| align="right" | 254,169
| align="right" | 79,005
| align="right" | 175,164
| align="right" | 37.9
| align="right" | 11.8
| align="right" | 26.1
|
|-
| 1951
| align="right" | 6,946,000
| align="right" | 272,354
| align="right" | 80,553
| align="right" | 191,801
| style="color: blue" | 39.2
| align="right" | 11.6
| align="right" | 27.6
| 8.7
|-
| 1952
| align="right" | 7,133,000
| align="right" | 265,235
| align="right" | 85,241
| align="right" | 179,994
| align="right" | 37.2
| style="color: red"| 12.0
| align="right" | 25.2
| 1.7
|-
| 1953
| align="right" | 7,271,000
| align="right" | 262,758
| align="right" | 73,930
| align="right" | 188,828
| align="right" | 36.1
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 26.0
| -6.7
|-
| 1954
| align="right" | 7,528,000
| align="right" | 278,420
| align="right" | 76,092
| align="right" | 202,328
| align="right" | 37.0
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 26.9
| 8.4
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 7,992,000
| align="right" | 299,854
| align="right" | 73,283
| align="right" | 226,571
| align="right" | 37.5
| align="right" | 9.2
| align="right" | 28.3
| 33.3
|-
| 1956
| align="right" | 8,426,000
| align="right" | 305,430
| align="right" | 64,807
| align="right" | 240,623
| align="right" | 36.3
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 28.6
| 25.7
|-
| 1957
| align="right" | 8,722,000
| align="right" | 326,766
| align="right" | 68,050
| align="right" | 258,716
| align="right" | 37.5
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 29.7
| 5.4
|-
| 1958
| align="right" | 9,077,000
| align="right" | 336,020
| align="right" style="color: blue"  | 62,680
| align="right" | 273,340
| align="right" | 37.0
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 30.1
| 10.6
|-
| 1959
| align="right" | 9,516,000
| align="right" | 349,794
| align="right" | 69,602
| align="right" | 280,192
| align="right" | 36.8
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 29.4
| 19.0
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 9,996,000
| align="right" | 372,595
| align="right" | 65,667
| align="right" | 306,928
| align="right" | 37.2
| align="right" | 6.6
| style="color: blue" | 30.7
| 19.7
|-
| 1961
| align="right" | 10,480,000
| align="right" | 377,789
| align="right" | 68,610
| style="color: blue" | 309,179
| align="right" | 36.1
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 29.5
| 18.9
|-
| 1962
| align="right" | 10,958,000
| align="right" | 369,002
| align="right" | 70,952
| align="right" | 298,050
| align="right" | 33.7
| align="right" | 6.5
| align="right" | 27.2
| 18.4
|-
| 1963
| align="right" | 11,321,000
| align="right" | 346,084
| align="right" | 67,218
| align="right" | 278,866
| align="right" | 30.6
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 24.6
| 8.5
|-
| 1964
| align="right" | 11,610,000
| align="right" | 324,412
| align="right" | 66,197
| align="right" | 258,215
| align="right" | 27.9
| style="color: blue" | 5.7
| align="right" | 22.2
| 3.3
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 11,909,000
| align="right" | 314,533
| align="right" | 69,803
| align="right" | 244,730
| align="right" | 26.4
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 20.6
| 5.2
|-
| 1966
| align="right" | 12,185,000
| align="right" | 307,905
| align="right" | 69,402
| align="right" | 238,503
| align="right" | 25.3
| align="right" | 5.7
| align="right" | 19.6
| 3.6
|-
| 1967
| align="right" | 12,456,000
| align="right" | 301,715
| align="right" | 71,824
| align="right" | 229,891
| align="right" | 24.2
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 18.5
| 3.7
|-
| 1968
| align="right" | 12,694,000
| align="right" | 296,882
| align="right" | 73,496
| align="right" | 223,386
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 5.8
| align="right" | 17.6
| 1.5
|-
| 1969
| align="right" | 12,901,000
| align="right" | 297,129
| align="right" | 78,660
| align="right" | 218,469
| align="right" | 23.0
| align="right" | 6.1
| align="right" | 16.9
| -0.6
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 13,106,000
| align="right" | 301,451
| align="right" | 77,619
| align="right" | 223,832
| align="right" | 23.0
| align="right" | 5.9
| align="right" | 17.1
| -1.2
|-
| 1971
| align="right" | 13,321,000
| align="right" | 317,423
| align="right" | 79,881
| align="right" | 237,542
| align="right" | 23.8
| align="right" | 6.0
| align="right" | 17.8
| -1.4
|-
| 1972
| align="right" | 13,534,000
| align="right" | 318,551
| align="right" | 85,122
| align="right" | 233,429
| align="right" | 23.5
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 17.2
| -1.2
|-
| 1973
| align="right" | 13,742,000
| align="right" | 321,075
| align="right" | 90,282
| align="right" | 230,793
| align="right" | 23.4
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 16.8
| -1.4
|-
| 1974
| align="right" | 13,955,000
| align="right" | 338,291
| align="right" | 93,582
| align="right" | 244,709
| align="right" | 24.2
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 17.5
| -2.0
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 14,136,000
| align="right" | 343,668
| align="right" | 101,865
| align="right" | 241,803
| align="right" | 24.3
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 17.1
| -4.1
|-
| 1976
| align="right" | 14,279,000
| align="right" | 350,362
| align="right" | 103,892
| align="right" | 246,470
| align="right" | 24.5
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 17.3
| -7.2
|-
| 1977
| align="right" | 14,425,000
| align="right" | 349,379
| align="right" | 105,376
| align="right" | 244,003
| align="right" | 24.2
| align="right" | 7.3
| align="right" | 16.9
| -6.7
|-
| 1978
| align="right" | 14,589,000
| align="right" | 355,337
| align="right" | 107,293
| align="right" | 248,044
| align="right" | 24.4
| align="right" | 7.4
| align="right" | 17.0
| -5.6
|-
| 1979
| align="right" | 14,743,000
| align="right" | 354,320
| align="right" | 113,687
| align="right" | 240,633
| align="right" | 24.0
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 16.3
| -5.7
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 14,884,000
| align="right" | 356,013
| align="right" | 119,078
| align="right" | 236,935
| align="right" | 23.9
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 15.9
| -6.3
|-
| 1981
| align="right" | 15,033,000
| align="right" | 367,950
| align="right" | 120,974
| align="right" | 246,976
| align="right" | 24.5
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 16.4
| -6.4
|-
| 1982
| align="right" | 15,185,000
| align="right" | 373,416
| align="right" | 120,165
| align="right" | 253,251
| align="right" | 24.6
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 16.7
| -6.6
|-
| 1983
| align="right" | 15,334,000
| align="right" | 378,577
| align="right" | 123,807
| align="right" | 254,770
| align="right" | 24.7
| align="right" | 8.1
| align="right" | 16.6
| -6.8
|-
| 1984
| align="right" | 15,481,000
| align="right" | 399,403
| align="right" | 129,796
| align="right" | 269,607
| align="right" | 25.8
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | 17.4
| -7.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.04
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 15,623,000
| align="right" | 396,929
| align="right" | 126,786
| align="right" | 270,143
| align="right" | 25.4
| align="right" | 8.1
| align="right" | 17.3
| -8.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.02
|-
| 1986
| align="right" | 15,776,000
| align="right" | 410,846
| align="right" | 119,149
| align="right" | 291,697
| align="right" | 26.0
| align="right" | 7.6
| align="right" | 18.5
| -8.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.13
|-
| 1987
| align="right" | 15,948,000
| align="right" | 417,139
| align="right" | 122,835
| align="right" | 294,304
| align="right" | 26.2
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 18.5
| -7.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.19
|-
| 1988
| align="right" | 16,188,000
| align="right" | 407,116
| align="right" | 126,898
| align="right" | 280,218
| align="right" | 25.3
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 17.4
| -2.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 3.13
|-
| 1989
| align="right" | 16,243,000
| align="right" | 382,269
| align="right" | 126,378
| align="right" | 255,891
| align="right" | 23.5
| align="right" | 7.8
| align="right" | 15.8
| -12.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.81
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 16,328,000
| align="right" | 362,081
| align="right" | 128,576
| align="right" | 233,505
| align="right" | 22.2
| align="right" | 7.9
| align="right" | 14.3
| -9.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.72
|-
| 1991
| align="right" | 16,405,000
| align="right" | 353,174
| align="right" | 134,324
| align="right" | 218,850
| align="right" | 21.5
| align="right" | 8.2
| align="right" | 13.3
| -8.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.67
|-
| 1992
| align="right" | 16,439,000
| align="right" | 337,612
| align="right" | 137,518
| align="right" | 200,094
| align="right" | 20.5
| align="right" | 8.4
| align="right" | 12.2
| -10.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.62
|-
| 1993
| align="right" style="color: red" | 16,381,000
| align="right" | 315,482
| align="right" | 156,070
| align="right" | 159,412
| align="right" | 19.3
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 9.7
| -13.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.54
|-
| 1994
| align="right" style="color: red" | 16,146,000
| align="right" | 305,624
| align="right" | 160,339
| align="right" | 145,285
| align="right" | 18.9
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 9.0
| -23.3
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.43
|-
| 1995
| align="right" style="color: red" | 15,816,000
| align="right" | 276,125
| align="right" | 168,656
| align="right" | 107,469
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 10.7
| align="right" | 6.8
| -27.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.21
|-
| 1996
| align="right" style="color: red" | 15,578,000
| align="right" | 253,175
| align="right" | 166,028
| align="right" | 87,147
| align="right" | 16.3
| align="right" | 10.7
| align="right" | 5.6
| -20.6
| align="right" | 2.02
|-
| 1997
| align="right" style="color: red" | 15,334,000
| align="right" | 232,356
| align="right" | 160,138
| align="right" | 72,218
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 4.7
| -20.4
| align="right" | 1.93
|-
| 1998
| style="color: red" | 15,072,000
| align="right" | 222,380
| align="right" | 154,314
| style="color: red" | 68,066
| align="right" | 14.8
| align="right" | 10.2
| style="color: blue" | 4.5
| -21.6
| align="right" | 1.81
|-
| 1999
| style="color: red" | 14,939,000
| style="color: red" | 217,578
| align="right" | 147,416
| align="right" | 70,162
| style="color: red"| 14.6
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 4.7
| -13.5
| style="color: red" | 1.80
| align="right" | 65.6
|-
| 2000
| align="right" style="color: red" | 14,883,626
| align="right" | 222,054
| align="right" | 149,778
| align="right" | 72,276
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 4.9
| -8.6
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 65.5
|-
| 2001
| align="right" style="color: red" | 14,858,335
| align="right" | 221,487
| align="right" | 147,876
| align="right" | 73,611
| align="right" | 14.9
| align="right" | 9.9
| align="right" | 5.0
| -6.7
| align="right" | 1.84
| align="right" | 65.8
|-
| 2002
| align="right" | 14,858,948
| align="right" | 227,171
| align="right" | 149,381
| align="right" | 77,790
| align="right" | 15.3
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 5.2
| -5.2
| align="right" | 1.88
| align="right" | 66.0
|-
| 2003
| align="right" | 14,909,018
| align="right" | 247,946
| align="right" | 155,277
| align="right" | 92,669
| align="right" | 16.6
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 6.2
| -2.8
| align="right" | 2.03
| align="right" | 65.8
|-
| 2004
| align="right" | 15,012,985
| align="right" | 273,028
| align="right" | 152,250
| align="right" | 120,778
| align="right" | 18.2
| align="right" | 10.1
| align="right" | 8.1
| -1.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.21
| align="right" | 66.2
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 15,147,029
| align="right" | 278,977
| align="right" | 157,121
| align="right" | 121,856
| align="right" | 18.4
| align="right" | 10.4
| align="right" | 8.1
| 0.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.22
| align="right" | 65.9
|-
| 2006
| align="right" | 15,308,084
| align="right" | 301,756
| align="right" | 157,210
| align="right" | 144,546
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" | 10.3
| align="right" | 9.4
| 1.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.36
| align="right" | 66.2
|-
| 2007
| align="right" | 15,484,192
| align="right" | 321,963
| align="right" | 158,297
| align="right" | 163,666
| align="right" | 20.8
| align="right" | 10.2
| align="right" | 10.6
| 0.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.47
| align="right" | 66.3
|-
| 2008
| align="right" | 15,674,000
| align="right" | 357,555
| align="right" | 152,878
| align="right" | 204,677
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 9.8
| align="right" | 13.0
| -0.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.68
| align="right" | 67.1
|-
| 2009
| align="right" | 16,092,822
| align="right" | 356,261
| align="right" | 142,883
| align="right" | 213,378
| align="right" | 22.1
| align="right" | 8.9
| align="right" | 13.3
| 13.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.55
| align="right" | 68.4
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 16,321,872
| align="right" | 367,707
| align="right" | 146,027
| align="right" | 221,680
| align="right" | 22.5
| align="right" | 9.0
| align="right" | 13.6
| 0.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.59
| align="right" | 68.5
|-
| 2011
| align="right" | 16,557,201
| align="right" | 372,690
| align="right" | 144,323
| align="right" | 228,367
| align="right" | 22.5
| align="right" | 8.7
| align="right" | 13.8
| 0.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.59
| align="right" | 68.7
|-
| 2012
| align="right" | 16,792,089
| align="right" | 381,153
| align="right" | 143,411
| align="right" | 237,742
| align="right" | 22.7
| align="right" | 8.5
| align="right" | 14.2
| 0
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.62
| align="right" | 69.5
|-
| 2013
| align="right" | 17,035,550
| align="right" | 387,256
| align="right" | 136,368
| align="right" | 250,888
| align="right" | 22.7
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 14.7
| -0.2
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.64
| align="right" | 70.6
|-
| 2014
| align="right" | 17,288,285
| align="right" | 399,309
| align="right" | 132,287
| align="right" | 267,022
| align="right" | 23.1
| align="right" | 7.7
| align="right" | 15.5
| -0.7
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.73
| align="right" | 71.4
|-
| 2015
| align="right" | 17,542,806
| align="right" | 398,458
| align="right" | 130,811
| align="right" | 267,647
| align="right" | 22.7
| align="right" | 7.5
| align="right" | 15.3
| -0.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.74
| align="right" | 72.0
|-
| 2016
| align="right" | 17,794,055
| align="right" | 400,694
| align="right" | 131,231
| align="right" | 269,463
| align="right" | 22.5
| align="right" | 7.4
| align="right" | 15.2
| -0.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.77
| align="right" | 72.4
|-
| 2017
| align="right" | 18,037,775
| align="right" | 390,262
| align="right" | 129,009
| align="right" | 261,253
| align="right" | 21.6
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 14.5
| -0.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.75
| align="right" | 73.0
|-
| 2018
| align="right" | 18,276,452
| align="right" | 397,799
| align="right" | 130,448
| align="right" | 267,351
| align="right" | 21.8
| align="right" | 7.1
| align="right" | 14.6
| -1.4
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.84
| align="right" | 73.2
|-
| 2019
| align="right" | 18,513,673
| align="right" | 402,310
| align="right" | 133,128
| align="right" | 269,182
| align="right" | 21.7
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 14.5
| -1.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" |2.90
| align="right" | 73.2
|-
| 2020
| align="right" | 18,755,665
| align="right" | 426,824
| align="right" | 161,333
| align="right" | 265,491
| align="right" | 22.8
| align="right" | 8.6
| align="right" | 14.2
| -1.1
| align="right" style="color: blue" |3.13
| align="right" | 71.4
|-
| 2021
| align="right" |19,000,987
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 446,491
| align="right" style="color: red" | 182,403
| align="right" | 264,088
| align="right" | 23.5
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 13.9
| -0.8
| align="right" style="color: blue" |3.32
| align="right" | 70.2
|-
| 2022
| align="right" |19,634,983
| align="right" | 403,893 
| align="right" | 133,523
| align="right" | 270,370
| align="right" | 20.6
| align="right" | 6.8
| align="right" | 13.8
| 19.6
| align="right" style="color: blue" |3.05
| align="right" | 74.4
|-
| 2023
| align="right" |19,900,325
| align="right" | 388,428 
| align="right" | 130,686
| align="right" | 257,742
| align="right" | 19.5
| align="right" | 6.6
| align="right" | 13.0
| 0.5
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.96
| align="right" | 75.1
|-
| 2024<ref>{{Cite web |title=The natural movement of the population of the Republic of Kazakhstan (2024) |url=https://stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/328609/ |access-date=2025-03-12 |website=stat.gov.kz |language=en}}</ref>
| align="right" | 20,159,963
| align="right" | 365,923 
| align="right" | 132,900
| align="right" | 233,078
| align="right" | 18.15
| align="right" | 6.59
| align="right" | 11.56
| 0.9
| align="right" style="color: blue" | 2.80
| align="right" | 75.4
|}
<sup>1</sup> {{small|Births and deaths until 1979 are estimates.}}

====Current vital statistics====
<ref>{{cite web|title=Bureau of National Statistics|url=https://stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/|access-date=2023-05-12|archive-date=2023-05-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230512152333/https://stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/|url-status=live}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Period
! Live births
! Deaths
! Natural increase
|+
| '''January-March 2024'''
| 91,851
| 33,416
| +58,435
|+
| '''January-March 2025'''
| 77,345
| 31,015
| +46,330
|+
| '''Difference'''
| {{decrease}} -14,506 (-15.79%)
| {{decreasepositive}} -2,401 (-7.18%)
| {{decrease}} -12,105
|}

=== Total fertility rate ===
[[File:Total Fertility Rate of Kazakhstan by region - 2021.svg|thumb|Total Fertility Rate of Kazakhstan by region (2021)]]
Total fertility rate by regions of Kazakhstan:
: Mangystau – 3.80
: South Kazakhstan – 3.71
: Kyzylorda – 3.42
: Atyrau – 3.29
: Jambyl – 3.20
: Aqtobe – 2.70
: Almaty (province) – 2.65
: Almaty (city) – 2.65
: City of Astana – 2.44
: West Kazakhstan – 2.29
: Aqmola – 2.19
: East Kazakhstan – 2.07
: Qaragandy – 2.04
: Pavlodar – 1.98
: North Kazakhstan – 1.72
: Qostanay – 1.70
: Republic of Kazakhstan – 2.65
Thus it can be seen that fertility rate is higher in more traditionalist and religious south and west, and lower in the north and east, where the percentage of Slavic and German population is still relatively high.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.stat.kz/digital/naselsenie/Pages/default.aspx |title=Население |access-date=2009-07-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090713074712/http://www.stat.kz/digital/naselsenie/Pages/default.aspx |archive-date=2009-07-13 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="spo">{{cite journal |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |year=2013 |title=Fertility changes in Central Asia since 1980|journal=Asian Population Studies |volume=9 |issue=1 |pages=50–77 |doi=10.1080/17441730.2012.752238 |s2cid=154532617 }}</ref><ref name="spoo">{{cite journal |last1=Spoorenberg |first1=Thomas |year=2015 |title=Explaining recent fertility increase in Central Asia |journal=Asian Population Studies |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=115–133 |doi=10.1080/17441730.2015.1027275 |s2cid=153924060 }}</ref>

According to the Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey in 1999, the [[Total fertility rate|TFR]] for Kazakhs was 2.5 and that for Russians was 1.38. TFR in 1989 for Kazakhs & Russians were 3.58 and 2.24 respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR111/04Chapter4.pdf|title=Kazakhstan: Demographic and Health Survey, 1999 – Final Report, Chapter 4: Fertility|access-date=2007-02-07|archive-date=2003-09-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030928032542/http://www.measuredhs.com/pubs/pdf/FR111/04Chapter4.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable centre" style="text-align: right;"
|-
! Year
! [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]<br /> women
! [[Russians|Russian]]<br /> women
! [[Ukrainians|Ukrainian]]<br /> women
! [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]<br /> women
|-
| 1989
| 3.58
| 2.24
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| 1995
| 3.11
| 1.69
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| 1999
| 2.50
| 1.38
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
|-
| 2000
| 2.12
| 1.18
| 1.60
| 2.90
|-
| 2001
| 2.11
| 1.17
| 1.59
| 2.92
|-
| 2002
| 2.14
| 1.21
| 1.60
| 2.88
|-
| 2003
| 2.30
| 1.30
| 1.71
| 3.10
|-
| 2004
| 2.52
| 1.36
| 1.76
| 3.39
|-
| 2005
| 2.54
| 1.35
| 1.73
| 3.32
|-
| 2006
| 2.73
| 1.38
| 1.80
| 3.43
|}
<ref>{{cite web|url=https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/32155/DPTX_2009_2_11310_0_203514_0_90895.pdf?sequence=1|title=ETHNIC DIFFERENTIATION OF FERTILITY IN KAZAKHSTAN|access-date=2019-10-10|archive-date=2021-07-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210716072731/https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/32155/DPTX_2009_2_11310_0_203514_0_90895.pdf?sequence=1|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Life expectancy at birth ===
[[File:Life expectancy in Kazakhstan.svg|thumb|300px|[[Life expectancy]] in Kazakhstan since 1868]]
[[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Kazakhstan -diff.png|thumb|300px|Life expectancy in Kazakhstan since 1960 by gender]]

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
!Period
!Life expectancy in<br />Years
|-
|1950–1955
|55.1
|1985–1990
|67.5
|-
|1955–1960
|57.3
|1990–1995
|65.5
|-
|1960–1965
|59.5
|1995–2000
|63.0
|-
|1965–1970
|61.7
|2000–2005
|64.6
|-
|1970–1975
|63.3
|2005–2010
|66.0
|-
|1975–1980
|64.3
|2010–2015
|69.1
|-
|1980–1985
|65.9
|
|
|}
Source: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|access-date=2017-07-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919061238/https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|archive-date=2016-09-19|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{clear}}

== Migration ==

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Net migration in Kazakhstan (2015–2024) 
|-
! Year !! Arrivals !! Departures !! Net migration
|-
| 2015 || 16,581 || 30,047 || -13,466
|-
| 2016 || 13,755 || 34,900 || -21,145
|-
| 2017 || 15,595 || 37,725 || -22,130
|-
| 2018 || 12,747 || 41,868 || -29,121
|-
| 2019 || 12,255 || 45,225 || -32,970
|-
| 2020 || 11,370 || 29,088 || -17,718
|-
| 2021 || 11,039 || 32,256 || -21,217
|-
| 2022 || 17,425 || 24,147 || -6,722
|-
| 2023 || 25,387 || 16,094 || 9,293
|-
| 2024 || 29,282 || 12,732 || 16,550
|}
<ref>[https://stat.gov.kz/en/industries/social-statistics/demography/publications/328364/ Kazakhstan Bureau of National Statistics – Migration Statistics]</ref>

== Ethnic groups ==
{{bar box
|title=Ethnic groups in Kazakhstan (2025)<ref name="EthnicGroupSpreadsheet">{{cite web|title=Қазақстан Республикасы халқының жекелеген этностары бойынша саны|language=Kazakh|trans-title=Population of Kazakhstan by ethnic group|url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/336996/file/en/}}</ref>
|titlebar=#ddd
|left1=Ethnic groups
|float=left
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Kazakhs|Kazakh]]|blue|71.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Russians in Kazakhstan|Russian]]|yellow| 14.6}}
{{bar percent|[[Uzbeks|Uzbek]] |brown|3.3}}
{{bar percent|[[Ukrainians in Kazakhstan|Ukrainian]]|green|1.8}}
{{bar percent|[[Uyghurs in Kazakhstan|Uyghur]]|orange|1.5}}
{{bar percent|[[Germans of Kazakhstan|German]]|cyan|1.1}}
{{bar percent|[[Tatars|Tatar]]|pink|1.1}}
{{bar percent|Other |silver|5.3}}
}}
{{main|Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan}}
[[File:Казахи в Казахстане.png|thumb|250 px|The share of Kazakhs in Kazakhstan by districts at the beginning of 2022]]
[[File:Russians in Kazakhstan Rus.png|thumb|250 px|The share Russians by districts and cities of regional and republican subordination Kazakhstan in 2021]]
[[File:Kazakhstan demographics 1897-1970 en.png|right|thumb|250 px|Kazakhstan demographics 1897–1970. Major ethnic groups. Famines marked in grey.]]

Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the [[Kazakhs]], traces its origins to the 15th century, when after the disintegration of [[Golden Horde]], numbers of [[Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Turco-Mongol tradition|Turco-Mongol]] tribes united to establish the [[Kazakh Khanate]]. With a cohesive culture and national identity, they constituted an absolute majority on the land until colonization by the Russian empire.<br />

Russian advances into the territory of Kazakhstan began in the late 18th century, when the Kazakhs nominally accepted Russian rule in exchange for protection against repeated attacks by the western Mongolian Kalmyks. In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle on the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds. The 1906 completion of the Trans-Aral Railway between Orenburg and Tashkent further facilitated Russian colonization.<ref name="Olcott, M. B. 1995">Olcott, M. B. (1995). The Kazakhs. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.</ref><ref>Pierce, A. R. (1960) Russian Central Asia, 1867–1917: A study in colonial rule. Berkeley: University of California Press.</ref>

The first collective farms were formed in Kazakhstan in 1921, populated primarily by Russians and Soviet deportees. In 1930, as part of the first Five Year Plan, the Soviet Government decreed measures of force sedentarization of nomads and their incorporation into collectivized farms. This movement resulted in devastating [[Kazakh famine of 1919–1922|famines of the 1920s]] and [[Kazakhstan famine of 1932-1933|of the 1930s]], claiming the lives of an estimated 40% of ethnic Kazakhs (1.5 million), between 1930 and 1933.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pianciola |first=Niccolò |date=2001 |title=The Collectivization Famine in Kazakhstan, 1931–1933 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/41036834 |journal=Harvard Ukrainian Studies |volume=25 |issue=3/4 |pages=237–251 |jstor=41036834 |issn=0363-5570}}</ref> Hundreds of thousands also fled to China, Iran and Afghanistan. The famine made  Kazakhs a minority of the population of Kazakhstan, and only after the republic gained independence in 1991 did Kazakhs have a slim demographic majority within Kazakhstan.<ref name="Olcott, M. B. 1995"/>

Demographics did shift in the 1950s and 1960s, when, as part of Nikita Khrushchev's [[Virgin Lands Campaign]], hundreds of thousands of Soviet citizens relocated to the Kazakh steppes in order to farm. As recognized in the 1959 census, the Kazaks became the second-largest ethnic group in Kazakhstan for the first time in recorded history, comprising just 30% of the total population of Kazakhstan. Russians numbered 42.7%.<ref>Zardykhan, Z. (2004). Russians in Kazakhstan and demographic change: Imperial legacy and the Kazakh way of nation building. Asian Ethnicity, 5(1), 61–79.</ref>

Since the Soviet Union's collapse, the numbers of members of European ethnic groups has been falling and Asian groups have been continuously rising. According to 2024 estimates, the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan was approximately: 71% Kazakh, 14.9% Russian, 3.3% Uzbek, 1.9% Ukrainian, 1.5% Uyghur, 1.1% Tatar, 1.1% German, and <1% Korean, Turkish, Azerbaijani, Belarusian, Dungan, Kurdish, Tajik, Polish, Kyrgyz, Chechen.<ref>https://stat.gov.kz/api/iblock/element/178068/file/en/ {{Bare URL inline|date=August 2024}}</ref> According to  2021 Census, composition of child population was 79% Kazakh and 9.1% Russian.<ref>https://stat.gov.kz/upload/iblock/004/3kx97rnvyipmtdmbhj9cydnnl5do232t/%D0%A1-18-%D0%93-2018-2022%20(%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BB).pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=August 2024}}</ref>

{{notelist}}

== Religion ==
{{Main|Religion in Kazakhstan}}{{Bar box|title=Religion in Kazakhstan, 2021<ref name="2021EthnicStatistics">{{Cite web |url=https://stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT464825 |title=2021 жылғы Қазақстан Республикасы халқының ұлттық санағының қорытындылары |trans-title=Results of the 2021 Population Census of the Republic of Kazakhstan |publisher=Agency of Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan National Bureau of Statistics |access-date=19 September 2022 |language=Kazakh |archive-date=2 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220902140633/https://stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT464825 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://cabar.asia/en/how-the-number-of-believers-changed-in-kazakhstan | title=How the Number of Believers Changed in Kazakhstan | date=30 November 2022 | access-date=11 March 2023 | archive-date=3 October 2023 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003022458/https://cabar.asia/en/how-the-number-of-believers-changed-in-kazakhstan | url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Bar percent|[[Islam in Kazakhstan|Islam]]|green|69.3}}
{{Bar percent|[[Christianity in Kazakhstan|Christianity]]|blue|17.2}}
{{Bar percent|No Response|red|11.01}}
{{Bar percent|[[Irreligion in Kazakhstan|Atheism]]|grey|2.25}}
{{Bar percent|[[Religion in Kazakhstan|Other religions]]|purple|0.2}}}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Bibliography ==
{{refbegin}} 
*{{citation |last1=Rasuly-Paleczek|first1=Gabriele|last2=Katschnig|first2=Julia|year=2005|title=Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies|publisher=LIT Verlag Münster|isbn=978-3-8258-8309-6}}.
{{refend}}

== External links ==
For current data, use these sites.
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20090713074712/http://www.stat.kz/digital/naselsenie/Pages/default.aspx Population and social policy, Statistical Agency of the Republic of Kazakhstan (kaz)]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20031203224858/http://devdata.worldbank.org/data-query/ World Bank Database]
*[https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan/ CIA World Fact Book page on Kazakhstan] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109132304/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/kazakhstan |date=2021-01-09 }}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20131011132927/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbnew.html US Census Bureau International Data Base]
*[http://countrystudies.us/kazakstan/12.htm countrystudies.us] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514002823/http://countrystudies.us/kazakstan/12.htm |date=2011-05-14 }}
*[http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/kazakhsp.htm WESP population statistics] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060502125730/http://www.library.uu.nl/wesp/populstat/Asia/kazakhsp.htm |date=2006-05-02 }}
*[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4420922.stm Russians left behind in Central Asia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911080317/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/4420922.stm |date=2013-09-11 }}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Demographics of Europe}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}
{{Europe topic|Ethnic groups in}}
{{Kazakhstan topics}}

[[Category:Demographics of Kazakhstan| ]]