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{{Short description|None}} {{About|the inhabitants of the modern country of Iran|the group of Indo-European peoples|Iranian peoples}} {{Use British English|date=October 2022}} {{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}} {{Infobox country demographics | place = [[Iran]] | image = Iran single age population pyramid 2020.png | image_size = 350 | caption = [[Population pyramid]] of [[Iran]] in 2020 <!-- main demographics --> | size_of_population = 91,866,747 (November 2024 est.) | density = {{Pop density|89842304|1648195|sqkm}} | growth = 0.98% (2022 est.) | birth = 15.27 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) | death = 5.17 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) | life = 75.25 years | life_male = 73.89 years | life_female = 76.67 years | fertility = 1.66 children born/woman (2023 official) | infant_mortality = 14.84 deaths/1,000 live births | net_migration = −0.3 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) <!-- age structure --> | age_0–14_years = 23.3% | age_15–64_years = 69.8% | age_65_years = 7% (2024 est.) <!-- sex ratio --> | total_mf_ratio = 1.03 male(s)/female (2022 est.) | sr_at_birth = 1.05 male(s)/female | sr_under_15 = 1.05 male(s)/female | sr_15–64_years = 1.03 male(s)/female | sr_65_years_over = 0.77 male(s)/female <!-- nationality --> | nation = [[Iranian nationality law|Iranian]] | major_ethnic = [[Persians]] | minor_ethnic = {{unbulleted list |{{Tree list}} * [[Azerbaijanis|Turks]] * [[Kurds]] * [[Lurs]] * [[Baloch people|Baloch]] * [[Gilaks]] * [[Mazanderani people|Mazanderanis]] * [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]] * [[Iranian Arabs|Arabs]] * [[Iranian Turkmens|Turkmens]] * [[Talysh people|Talyshis]] {{tree list/end}} }} <!-- language --> | official = [[Persian language|Persian]] | spoken = [[Languages of Iran]] }} [[File:Historical population of Iran.svg|350px|alt=|thumb|left|upright=1.4|Historical population of Iran]] {{Multiple image | perrow = 1 | total_width = 300 | image1 = Provinces of Iran by population.svg | image2 = Iran Counties by Population (2021).svg | footer = Population of Iranian provinces and counties in 2021. }} [[Iran]]'s population increased dramatically during the later half of the 20th century, reaching about 80 million by 2016.<ref name="Iran Census Results 2016">[https://www.amar.org.ir/Portals/0/census/1395/results/tables/jamiat/kolli/1-koli-jamiat.xls Iran Census Results 2016] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223181433/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Iran/Iran-2011-Census-Results.pdf |date=23 December 2015 }} United Nations</ref><ref name="una">{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm |title=A New Direction in Population Policy and Family Planning in the Islamic Republic of Iran |first=United Nations |last=Asia-Pacific Population Journal |access-date=14 April 2006 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090214041911/http://www.un.org/Depts/escap/pop/journal/v10n1a1.htm |archive-date=14 February 2009 }}</ref> {{As of|2024|November}}, Iran's population is around 91.5 million.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Iran Population (2024) - Worldometer |url=https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/iran-population/ |access-date=2024-07-21 |website=www.worldometers.info |language=en}}</ref> In recent years, however, Iran's [[birth rate]] has dropped significantly. Studies project that Iran's rate of population growth will continue to slow until it stabilises above 100 million by 2050.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/country.php|title=International Programs|work=census.gov|access-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120429071510/http://www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/country.php|archive-date=29 April 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="payvand">{{cite web |url=http://www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html |title=Iran's population growth rate falls to 1.5 percent: UNFP |first=Payvand.com |last=Iran News |access-date=18 October 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227193340/http://www.payvand.com/news/04/aug/1017.html |archive-date=27 December 2016 |url-status=live }}</ref> Half of Iran's population was under 35 years old in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-urges-baby-boom-16881781#.UBj3HKDh-So |title=International News |publisher=ABC News |date=30 November 2012 |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801212345/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-urges-baby-boom-16881781#.UBj3HKDh-So |archive-date=1 August 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> As of January 2025, the average age of the Iranian population is 32 years.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://en.irna.ir/news/85707655/Average-age-of-Iranian-population-risen-to-32-years-Official |title=Islamic Republic News Agency |access-date=1 January 2025}}</ref> In 2009, the number of households stood at 15.3 million (4.8 persons per household).<ref>{{Cite book| contribution=Iran| title=Iran economy: Social indicators & living standards| publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit| date=23 June 2009}}</ref> Families earn some 11.8 million [[Iranian rial|rials]] (about $960) per month on average (2012).<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran |title=Central bank: Income equality improved in Iran |newspaper=Tehran Times |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131115041148/http://www.tehrantimes.com/economy-and-business/97430-central-bank-income-equality-improved-in-iran |archive-date=15 November 2013 |url-status=live }}</ref> According to the OECD/World Bank statistics [[population growth]] in Iran from 1990 to 2008 was 17.6 million and 32%.<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091012151137/http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS |date=12 October 2009 }} Population 1971–2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120106205757/http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf |date=6 January 2012 }} pages 83–85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57)</ref> The [[literacy rate]] was 80% in 2002,<ref name="UNDP.org">[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf UNDP.org] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091122115116/http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf |date=22 November 2009 }} Table H</ref><ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |title=CIA – The World Factbook |publisher=Cia.gov |access-date=4 December 2012 }}</ref> and 85% in 2016.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/|title=The World Factbook|date=6 May 2019|work=cia.gov}}</ref> The [[List of sovereign states and dependencies by total fertility rate|fertility rate]] has fallen to 1.6, below the natural replacement rate of 2.1.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2 June 2021|title=Iran's fertility rate alarmingly low|url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/461656/Iran-s-fertility-rate-alarmingly-low|access-date=12 July 2021|website=Tehran Times|language=en}}</ref> ==Population== According to the 2016 population census the population of Iran was 79.9 million,<ref name="Iran Census Results 2016"/> a fourfold increase since 1956. Between 1976 and 1986, an average annual population growth of almost 4% was reached, but due to decreasing fertility levels the growth decreased to 1.2% between 2011 and 2016. {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center" |+ '''Population census results<ref name="Iran Census Results 2011">[http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Iran/Iran-2011-Census-Results.pdf Iran Census Results 2011] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151223181433/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/sources/census/2010_PHC/Iran/Iran-2011-Census-Results.pdf |date=23 December 2015 }} United Nations</ref>''' |-bgcolor="#e0e0e0" ! Census date ! Population ! Average annual<br /> growth (%) ! Population<br />density/km<sup>2</sup> ! Proportion<br />urban (%) ! Household size <br /> |- |align=right|1956-11-01||18,954,704||—||12||31.4|| |- |align=right|1966-11-01||25,785,210||3.13||16||37.5|| |- |align=right|1976-11-01||33,708,744||2.71||20||47.0||5.02 |- |align=right|1986-11-22||49,445,010||3.91||30||54.0||5.11 |- |align=right|1996-11-01||60,055,488||2.0||37||61.0||4.84 |- |align=right|2006-11-01||70,495,782||1.62||43||68.5||4.03 |- |align=right|2011-11-01||75,149,669||1.29||46||71.4||3.55 |- |align=right|2016-11-01||79,926,270||1.24||49||74.0||3.3 |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="80pt"|Age group ! width="80pt"|Number (2006) ! width="80pt"|Percentage (2006) ! width="80pt"|Number (2011) ! width="80pt"|Percentage (2011) |- | align="right" | Total | align="right" | 70,495,782 | align="right" | 100 | align="right" | 75,149,669 | align="right" | 100 |- | align="right" | 0–4 | align="right" | 5,463,978 | align="right" | 7.75 | align="right" | 6,232,552 | align="right" | 8.29 |- | align="right" | 5–9 | align="right" | 5,509,057 | align="right" | 7.81 | align="right" | 5,657,791 | align="right" | 7.53 |- | align="right" | 10–14 | align="right" | 6,708,591 | align="right" | 9.52 | align="right" | 5,671,435 | align="right" | 7.55 |- | align="right" | 15–19 | align="right" | 8,726,761 | align="right" | 12.38 | align="right" | 6,607,043 | align="right" | 8.79 |- | align="right" | 20–24 | align="right" | 9,011,422 | align="right" | 12.78 | align="right" | 8,414,497 | align="right" | 11.20 |- | align="right" | 25–29 | align="right" | 7,224,952 | align="right" | 10.25 | align="right" | 8,672,654 | align="right" | 11.54 |- | align="right" | 30–34 | align="right" | 5,553,531 | align="right" | 7.88 | align="right" | 6,971,924 | align="right" | 9.28 |- | align="right" | 35–39 | align="right" | 4,921,124 | align="right" | 6.98 | align="right" | 5,571,018 | align="right" | 7.41 |- | align="right" | 40–44 | align="right" | 4,089,158 | align="right" | 5.80 | align="right" | 4,906,749 | align="right" | 6.53 |- | align="right" | 45–49 | align="right" | 3,522,761 | align="right" | 5.00 | align="right" | 4,030,481 | align="right" | 5.36 |- | align="right" | 50–54 | align="right" | 2,755,420 | align="right" | 3.91 | align="right" | 3,527,408 | align="right" | 4.69 |- | align="right" | 55–59 | align="right" | 1,887,981 | align="right" | 2.68 | align="right" | 2,680,119 | align="right" | 3.57 |- | align="right" | 60–64 | align="right" | 1,464,452 | align="right" | 2.08 | align="right" | 1,862,907 | align="right" | 2.48 |- | align="right" | 65–69 | align="right" | 1,197,550 | align="right" | 1.70 | align="right" | 1,343,731 | align="right" | 1.79 |- | align="right" | 70–74 | align="right" | 1,119,318 | align="right" | 1.59 | align="right" | 1,119,968 | align="right" | 1.49 |- | align="right" | 75–79 | align="right" | 694,122 | align="right" | 0.98 | align="right" | 913,531 | align="right" | 1.22 |- | align="right" | 80+ | align="right" | 645,601 | align="right" | 0.92 | align="right" | 919,539 | align="right" | 1.22 |- | align="right" | Unclear | align="right" | – | align="right" | – | align="right" | 46,322 | align="right" | 0.06 |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="110" | Number of children 0–14 ! width="110" | Number of people 15–49 ! width="70" | Proportion ! width="110" | Number of women 15–49 ! width="70" | Proportion |- | align="right" | 17,681,629 (2006) | align="right" | 43,049,709 (2006) | align="right" | 0.4107 (2006) | align="right" | ~21,524,855 (2006) | align="right" | 0.8215 (2006) |- | align="right" | 17,561,778 (2011) | align="right" | 45,174,366 (2011) | align="right" | 0.3888 (2011) | align="right" | ~22,587,183 (2011) | align="right" | 0.7775 (2011) |- |} Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Data refer to the Iranian Year which begins on 21 March and ends on 20 March of the following year.):<ref>{{cite web |url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ |title=Demographic Yearbook – 2020 |publisher=[[United Nations Statistics Division]] |place=New York |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" ! width="80pt"|Age Group ! width="80pt"|Male ! width="80pt"|Female ! width="80pt"|Total ! width="80pt"|% |- | align="right" | Total | align="right" | 42,484,186 | align="right" | 41,553,414 | align="right" | 84,037,600 | align="right" | 100 |- | align="right" | 0–4 | align="right" | 3,751,160 | align="right" | 3,584,640 | align="right" | 7,335,800 | align="right" | 8.73 |- | align="right" | 5–9 | align="right" | 3,644,823 | align="right" | 3,453,109 | align="right" | 7,097,932 | align="right" | 8.45 |- | align="right" | 10–14 | align="right" | 3,195,837 | align="right" | 3,043,160 | align="right" | 6,238,997 | align="right" | 7.42 |- | align="right" | 15–19 | align="right" | 2,850,201 | align="right" | 2,723,069 | align="right" | 5,573,270 | align="right" | 6.63 |- | align="right" | 20–24 | align="right" | 2,817,236 | align="right" | 2,715,743 | align="right" | 5,532,979 | align="right" | 6.58 |- | align="right" | 25–29 | align="right" | 3,398,106 | align="right" | 3,322,934 | align="right" | 6,721,040 | align="right" | 8.00 |- | align="right" | 30–34 | align="right" | 4,246,233 | align="right" | 4,166,179 | align="right" | 8,412,412 | align="right" | 10.01 |- | align="right" | 35–39 | align="right" | 4,226,366 | align="right" | 4,147,771 | align="right" | 8,374,137 | align="right" | 9.96 |- | align="right" | 40–44 | align="right" | 3,375,662 | align="right" | 3,271,031 | align="right" | 6,646,693 | align="right" | 7.91 |- | align="right" | 45–49 | align="right" | 2,687,892 | align="right" | 2,591,386 | align="right" | 5,279,278 | align="right" | 6.28 |- | align="right" | 50–54 | align="right" | 2,321,552 | align="right" | 2,270,429 | align="right" | 4,591,981 | align="right" | 5.46 |- | align="right" | 55–59 | align="right" | 1,841,337 | align="right" | 1,847,872 | align="right" | 3,689,209 | align="right" | 4.39 |- | align="right" | 60–64 | align="right" | 1,510,299 | align="right" | 1,557,919 | align="right" | 3,068,218 | align="right" | 3.65 |- | align="right" | 65–69 | align="right" | 1,058,091 | align="right" | 1,138,129 | align="right" | 2,196,220 | align="right" | 2.61 |- | align="right" | 70–74 | align="right" | 640 098 | align="right" | 748 890 | align="right" | 1,388,988 | align="right" | 1.65 |- | align="right" | 75–79 | align="right" | 415 623 | align="right" | 459 393 | align="right" | 875 016 | align="right" | 1.04 |- | align="right" | 80+ | align="right" | 503 670 | align="right" | 511 760 | align="right" | 1,015,430 | align="right" | 1.21 |- ! width="50"|Age group ! width="80pt"|Male ! width="80"|Female ! width="80"|Total ! width="50"|Percent |- | align="right" | 0–14 | align="right" | 10,591,820 | align="right" | 10,080,909 | align="right" | 20,672,729 | align="right" | 24.60 |- | align="right" | 15–64 | align="right" | 29,274,884 | align="right" | 28,614,333 | align="right" | 57,889,217 | align="right" | 68.88 |- | align="right" | 65+ | align="right" | 2,617,482 | align="right" | 2,858,172 | align="right" | 5,475,654 | align="right" | 6.52 |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="70" | Year ! width="120" | 0–14 ! width="120" | 15–64 ! width="120" | 65+ |- | align="right" | 1976 | align="right" | 44.5 | align="right" | 52 | align="right" | 3.5 |- | align="right" | 1985 | align="right" | 45.5 | align="right" | 51.5 | align="right" | 3 |- | align="right" | 1996 | align="right" | 39.5 | align="right" | 56.1 | align="right" | 4.3 |- | align="right" | 2006 | align="right" | 25.1 (17,681,629) | align="right" | 69.7 (49,157,562) | align="right" | 5.2 (3,656,591) |- | align="right" | 2011 | align="right" | 23.4 (17,561,778) | align="right" | 70.9 (53,297,122) | align="right" | 5.7 (4,290,769) |- | align="right" | 2016 | align="right" | 24.0 (19,192,665) | align="right" | 69.9 (55,862,087) | align="right" | 6.1 (4,871,518) |} Table 9 – Population and Average Annual Growth by Provinces: 2006 and 2011 {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="160" | Province ! width="120" | 2006 ! width="120" | 2011 ! width="120" | Average annual growth |- | align="left" | Alborz | align="right" | 2,076,991 | align="right" | 2,412,513 | align="right" | 3.04 |- | align="left" | Ardabil | align="right" | 1,228,155 | align="right" | 1,248,488 | align="right" | 0.33 |- | align="left" | Bushehr | align="right" | 886,267 | align="right" | 1,032,949 | align="right" | 3.11 |- | align="left" | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | align="right" | 857,910 | align="right" | 895,263 | align="right" | 0.86 |- | align="left" | East Azerbaijan | align="right" | 3,603,456 | align="right" | 3,724,620 | align="right" | 0.66 |- | align="left" | Fars | align="right" | 4,336,878 | align="right" | 4,596,658 | align="right" | 1.17 |- | align="left" | Gilan | align="right" | 2,404,861 | align="right" | 2,480,874 | align="right" | 0.62 |- | align="left" | Golestan | align="right" | 1,617,087 | align="right" | 1,777,014 | align="right" | 1.90 |- | align="left" | Hamadan | align="right" | 1,703,267 | align="right" | 1,758,268 | align="right" | 0.64 |- | align="left" | Hormozgan | align="right" | 1,403,674 | align="right" | 1,578,183 | align="right" | 2.37 |- | align="left" | Ilam | align="right" | 545,787 | align="right" | 557,599 | align="right" | 0.43 |- | align="left" | Isfahan | align="right" | 4,559,256 | align="right" | 4,879,312 | align="right" | 1.37 |- | align="left" | Kerman | align="right" | 2,652,413 | align="right" | 2,938,988 | align="right" | 2.07 |- | align="left" | Kermanshah | align="right" | 1,879,385 | align="right" | 1,945,227 | align="right" | 0.69 |- | align="left" | Khuzestan | align="right" | 4,274,979 | align="right" | 4,531,720 | align="right" | 1.17 |- | align="left" | Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad | align="right" | 634,299 | align="right" | 658,629 | align="right" | 0.76 |- | align="left" | Kurdistan | align="right" | 1,440,156 | align="right" | 1,493,645 | align="right" | 0.73 |- | align="left" | Lorestan | align="right" | 1,716,527 | align="right" | 1,754,243 | align="right" | 0.44 |- | align="left" | Markazi | align="right" | 1,351,257 | align="right" | 1,413,959 | align="right" | 0.91 |- | align="left" | Mazandaran | align="right" | 2,922,432 | align="right" | 3,073,943 | align="right" | 1.02 |- | align="left" | North Khorasan | align="right" | 811,572 | align="right" | 867,727 | align="right" | 1.35 |- | align="left" | Qazvin | align="right" | 1,143,200 | align="right" | 1,201,565 | align="right" | 1.00 |- | align="left" | Qom | align="right" | 1,046,737 | align="right" | 1,151,672 | align="right" | 1.93 |- | align="left" | Razavi Khorasan | align="right" | 5,593,079 | align="right" | 5,994,402 | align="right" | 1.40 |- | align="left" | Semnan | align="right" | 589,742 | align="right" | 631,218 | align="right" | 1.37 |- | align="left" | Sistan and Baluchestan | align="right" | 2,405,742 | align="right" | 2,534,327 | align="right" | 1.05 |- | align="left" | South Khorasan | align="right" | 636,420 | align="right" | 662,534 | align="right" | 0.81 |- | align="left" | Tehran | align="right" | 11,345,375 | align="right" | 12,183,391 | align="right" | 1.44 |- | align="left" | West Azerbaijan | align="right" | 2,873,459 | align="right" | 3,080,576 | align="right" | 1.40 |- | align="left" | Yazd | align="right" | 990,818 | align="right" | 1,074,428 | align="right" | 1.63 |- | align="left" | Zanjan | align="right" | 964,601 | align="right" | 1,015,734 | align="right" | 1.04 |- | align="left" | Total | align="right" | 70,495,782 | align="right" | 75,149,669 | align="right" | 1.29 |- |} 1 The population of the provinces of Alborz and Tehran for 2006 and their average annual growth have been calculated based on the data of 2011. Unofficial Translation 17 Table 10 – Population Percentages by Province: 2006 and 2011 (Percentage) [[File:Provinces of Iran by population density.svg|thumb|250px|Provinces of Iran by population density in 2013]] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! width="160" | Province ! width="100" | 2006 ! width="100" | 2011 |- | align="left" | Alborz | align="right" | 2.95 | align="right" | 3.21 |- | align="left" | Ardabil | align="right" | 1.74 | align="right" | 1.66 |- | align="left" | Bushehr | align="right" | 1.26 | align="right" | 1.37 |- | align="left" | Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari | align="right" | 1.22 | align="right" | 1.19 |- | align="left" | East Azerbaijan | align="right" | 5.11 | align="right" | 4.96 |- | align="left" | Fars | align="right" | 6.15 | align="right" | 6.12 |- | align="left" | Gilan | align="right" | 3.41 | align="right" | 3.30 |- | align="left" | Golestan | align="right" | 2.29 | align="right" | 2.36 |- | align="left" | Hamadan | align="right" | 2.42 | align="right" | 2.34 |- | align="left" | Hormozgan | align="right" | 1.99 | align="right" | 2.10 |- | align="left" | Ilam | align="right" | 0.77 | align="right" | 0.74 |- | align="left" | Isfahan | align="right" | 6.47 | align="right" | 6.49 |- | align="left" | Kerman | align="right" | 3.76 | align="right" | 3.91 |- | align="left" | Kermanshah | align="right" | 2.67 | align="right" | 2.59 |- | align="left" | Khuzestan | align="right" | 6.06 | align="right" | 6.03 |- | align="left" | Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad | align="right" | 0.90 | align="right" | 0.88 |- | align="left" | Kurdistan | align="right" | 2.04 | align="right" | 1.99 |- | align="left" | Lorestan | align="right" | 2.43 | align="right" | 2.33 |- | align="left" | Markazi | align="right" | 1.92 | align="right" | 1.88 |- | align="left" | Mazandaran | align="right" | 4.15 | align="right" | 4.09 |- | align="left" | North Khorasan | align="right" | 1.15 | align="right" | 1.15 |- | align="left" | Qazvin | align="right" | 1.62 | align="right" | 1.60 |- | align="left" | Qom | align="right" | 1.48 | align="right" | 1.53 |- | align="left" | Razavi Khorasan | align="right" | 7.93 | align="right" | 7.98 |- | align="left" | Semnan | align="right" | 0.84 | align="right" | 0.84 |- | align="left" | Sistan and Baluchestan | align="right" | 3.41 | align="right" | 3.37 |- | align="left" | South Khorasan | align="right" | 0.90 | align="right" | 0.88 |- | align="left" | Tehran | align="right" | 16.09 | align="right" | 16.21 |- | align="left" | West Azerbaijan | align="right" | 4.08 | align="right" | 4.10 |- | align="left" | Yazd | align="right" | 1.41 | align="right" | 1.43 |- | align="left" | Zanjan | align="right" | 1.37 | align="right" | 1.35 |- | align="left" | Total | align="right" | 100 | align="right" | 100 |- |} 1 The population of the provinces of Alborz and Tehran for 2006 and their average annual growth have been calculated based on the data of 2011. === Urban population === {{See also|List of largest cities of Iran|List of cities in Iran}} [[File:Iran Population-Urban vs Rural.png|thumb|250px|Evolution of Iran population divided into urban and rural population]] In addition to its international migration pattern, Iran also exhibits one of the steepest urban growth rates in the world according to the UN humanitarian information unit. According to 2015 population estimates, approximately 73.4 per cent of Iran's population lives in urban areas, up from 27 per cent in 1950.<ref name="migrationinformation.org">{{cite web|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/english|title=Statistical Center of Iran|publisher=Migrationinformation.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234935/http://www.amar.org.ir/english/|archive-date=15 October 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref> The following is a list of the eight most populous cities in the country: {| class="wikitable" !scope="col" rowspan="2"| Rank !scope="col" rowspan="2"| City !scope="col" rowspan="2"| Province !scope="col" colspan="2"| population |- ! scope="col" |City<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.amar.org.ir/english|title = Statistical Center of Iran > Home}}</ref> ! scope="col" |Metro<ref>{{Cite web | website=citypopulation.de |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913144137/http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |url=http://citypopulation.de/world/Agglomerations.html |archive-date=13 September 2018 |title = Major Agglomerations of the World – Population Statistics and Maps | date= 13 September 2018}}</ref> |- ! 1 | [[Tehran]] | [[Tehran province|Tehran]] | 8,693,706 | 14,700,000 |- ! 2 | [[Mashhad]] | [[Razavi Khorasan]] | 3,001,184 | 3,100,000 |- ! 3 | [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]] | [[Isfahan province|Isfahan]] | 1,961,260 | 3,100,000 |- ! 4 | [[Karaj]] |[[Alborz province|Alborz]] | 1,592,492 | 2,500,000 |- ! 5 | [[Shiraz, Iran|Shiraz]] | [[Fars province|Fars]] | 1,565,572 | 1,700,000 |- ! 6 | [[Tabriz]] | [[East Azarbaijan]] | 1,588,693 | 1,760,000 |- ! 7 | [[Qom]] | [[Qom province|Qom]] | 1,201,158 | 1,240,000 |- ! 8 | [[Ahvaz]] | [[Khuzestan]] | 1,184,788 | 1,320,000 |} ==Vital statistics== {{see also| Provinces of Iran}} ===UN estimates=== (2022 estimates).<ref>{{cite UN WPP|2022|rows=7709:7780|cols=M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI}}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right" ! !Population <br />(on 1 July) !Live births<br>per year !Deaths<br>per year !Natural<br>change<br>per year !Crude<br>birth<br>rate<sup>1</sup> !Crude<br>death<br>rate<sup>1</sup> !Natural<br>change<sup>1</sup> !Crude<br>migration<br>rate<sup>1</sup> !Total<br>fertility<br>rate<sup>2</sup> !Infant<br>mortality<br> rate<sup>3</sup> |- |1950 |16,833,000 |844,000 |469 000 |375,000 |50.1 |27.9 |22.3 | |6.95 |209.0 |- |1951 |17,220,000 |863,000 |481 000 |382,000 |50.1 |27.9 |22.2 | 0.3 |6.95 |207.3 |- |1952 |17,614,000 |883,000 |485 000 |398,000 |50.1 |27.5 |22.6 | -0.2 |6.96 |203.7 |- |1953 |18,018,000 |904,000 |490 000 |414,000 |50.1 |27.2 |23.0 | -0.6 |6.98 |200.5 |- |1954 |18,435,000 |925,000 |490 000 |434,000 |50.1 |26.6 |23.6 | -1.0 |7.01 |197.2 |- |1955 |18,874,000 |946,000 |491 000 |455,000 |50.1 |26.0 |24.1 | -0.8 |7.04 |192.9 |- |1956 |19,332,000 |968,000 |494 000 |474,000 |50.0 |25.5 |24.5 | -0.8 |7.08 |189.5 |- |1957 |19,806,000 |996,000 |497 000 |499,000 |50.2 |25.1 |25.2 | -1.3 |7.18 |185.8 |- |1958 |20,295,000 |1,022,000 |494 000 |528,000 |style="color:blue;"|50.3 |24.3 |26.0 | -1.9 |7.28 |181.6 |- |1959 |20,822,000 |1,046,000 |494 000 |551,000 |50.2 |23.7 |26.5 | -1.2 |style="color:blue;"|7.38 |177.8 |- |1960 |21,389,000 |1,049,000 |493 000 |556,000 |49.0 |23.1 |26.0 | 0.5 |7.30 |174.0 |- |1961 |21,984,000 |1,053,000 |489 000 |564,000 |48.0 |22.3 |25.7 | 1.4 |7.23 |170.2 |- |1962 |22,605,000 |1,069,000 |500 000 |569,000 |47.4 |22.2 |25.2 | 2.3 |7.22 |167.3 |- |1963 |23,259,000 |1,082,000 |485 000 |597,000 |46.6 |20.9 |25.7 | 2.4 |7.18 |162.8 |- |1964 |23,949,000 |1,098,000 |483 000 |615,000 |45.9 |20.2 |25.7 | 3.1 |7.13 |159.1 |- |1965 |24,667,000 |1,120,000 |482 000 |637,000 |45.5 |19.6 |25.9 | 3.2 |7.11 |155.4 |- |1966 |25,399,000 |1,145,000 |480 000 |664,000 |45.1 |18.9 |26.2 | 2.6 |7.08 |151.6 |- |1967 |26,133,000 |1,174,000 |480 000 |694,000 |44.9 |18.4 |26.6 | 1.5 |7.05 |147.6 |- |1968 |26,875,000 |1,195,000 |487 000 |708,000 |44.5 |18.1 |26.4 | 1.2 |6.97 |144.0 |- |1969 |27,644,000 |1,220,000 |474 000 |746,000 |44.2 |17.2 |27.0 | 0.8 |6.90 |138.9 |- |1970 |28,450,000 |1,229,000 |468 000 |761,000 |43.2 |16.5 |26.8 | 1.5 |6.71 |134.1 |- |1971 |29,274,000 |1,239,000 |459 000 |780,000 |42.4 |15.7 |26.7 | 1.4 |6.51 |128.9 |- |1972 |30,112,000 |1,237,000 |456 000 |782,000 |41.1 |15.1 |26.0 | 1.8 |6.25 |123.8 |- |1973 |30,982,000 |1,258,000 |440 000 |818,000 |40.6 |14.2 |26.4 | 1.7 |6.11 |118.2 |- |1974 |31,896,000 |1,295,000 |433 000 |862,000 |40.6 |13.6 |27.0 | 1.7 |6.04 |113.0 |- |1975 |32,857,000 |1,339,000 |428 000 |911,000 |40.8 |13.0 |27.8 | 1.4 |6.01 |107.7 |- |1976 |33,841,000 |1,416,000 |425 000 |991,000 |41.8 |12.5 |29.3 | -0.2 |6.14 |102.3 |- |1977 |34,876,000 |1,474,000 |421 000 |1,053,000 |42.3 |12.1 |30.2 | -0.5 |6.20 |96.6 |- |1978 |35,994,000 |1,550,000 |446 000 |1,104,000 |43.1 |12.4 |30.7 | 0.4 |6.33 |92.4 |- |1979 |37,205,000 |1,645,000 |411 000 |1,234,000 |44.2 |11.0 |33.2 | -0.7 |6.53 |85.1 |- |1980 |38,521,000 |1,708,000 |422 000 |1,286,000 |44.4 |11.0 |33.4 | 0.8 |6.58 |79.5 |- |1981 |40,476,000 |1,756,000 |463 000 |1,293,000 |44.1 |11.6 |32.4 | 15.9 |6.56 |74.3 |- |1982 |42,500,000 |1,886,000 |467 000 |1,419,000 |44.4 |11.0 |33.4 | 14.2 |6.55 |69.3 |- |1983 |44,028,000 |1,930,000 |458 000 |1,472,000 |43.9 |10.4 |33.5 | 1.2 |6.51 |65.1 |- |1984 |45,628,000 |1,966,000 |420 000 |1,546,000 |43.1 |9.2 |style="color:blue;"|33.9 | 1.2 |6.44 |61.5 |- |1985 |47,266,000 |style="color:blue;"|1,974,000 |415 000 |style="color:blue;"|1,559,000 |41.8 |8.8 |33.0 | 1.7 |6.26 |58.2 |- |1986 |48,913,000 |1,957,000 |409 000 |1,547,000 |40.0 |8.4 |31.7 | 2.0 |6.01 |55.3 |- |1987 |50,541,000 |1,915,000 |407 000 |1,507,000 |37.9 |8.1 |29.9 | 2.3 |5.69 |52.6 |- |1988 |52,112,000 |1,872,000 |399 000 |1,473,000 |36.0 |7.7 |28.3 | 1.8 |5.39 |49.8 |- |1989 |53,645,000 |1,828,000 |358 000 |1,470,000 |34.1 |6.7 |27.4 | 1.2 |5.11 |47.4 |- |1990 |55,794,000 |1,788,000 |395 000 |1,393,000 |32.5 |7.2 |25.3 | 13.2 |4.86 |46.5 |- |1991 |57,991,000 |1,790,000 |359 000 |1,431,000 |30.9 |6.2 |24.7 | 13.2 |4.51 |43.1 |- |1992 |59,372,000 |1,697,000 |358 000 |1,340,000 |28.5 |6.0 |22.5 | 0.8 |4.08 |41.3 |- |1993 |59,755,000 |1,579,000 |352 000 |1,227,000 |26.1 |5.8 |20.3 | -13.9 |3.68 |39.8 |- |1994 |59,986,000 |1,367,000 |340 000 |1,027,000 |22.8 |5.7 |17.1 | -13.2 |3.27 |38.2 |- |1995 |60,795,000 |1,244,000 |335 000 |908,000 |20.4 |5.5 |14.9 | -1.6 |2.89 |36.8 |- |1996 |61,598,000 |1,145,000 |style="color:blue;"|333 000 |811,000 |18.6 |5.4 |13.2 | -0.2 |2.57 |35.4 |- |1997 |62,481,000 |1,081,000 |334 000 |747,000 |17.3 |5.4 |12.0 | 2.1 |2.33 |34.0 |- |1998 |63,461,000 |1,064,000 |336 000 |727,000 |16.8 |5.3 |11.5 | 3.9 |2.20 |32.5 |- |1999 |64,475,000 |1,065,000 |333 000 |732,000 |16.6 |5.2 |11.4 | 4.3 |2.10 |31.0 |- |2000 |65,544,000 |1,071,000 |337 000 |735,000 |16.4 |5.2 |11.2 | 5.1 |style="color:red;"|2.02 |29.5 |- |2001 |66,675,000 |1,082,000 |344 000 |738,000 |16.3 |5.2 |11.1 | 5.9 |style="color:red;"|1.94 |28.1 |- |2002 |67,327,000 |1,086,000 |345 000 |742,000 |16.1 |5.1 |11.0 | -1.3 |style="color:red;"|1.87 |26.4 |- |2003 |67,955,000 |1,081,000 |370 000 |712,000 |16.0 |5.5 |10.5 | -1.3 |style="color:red;"|1.82 |25.6 |- |2004 |69,062,000 |1,107,000 |345 000 |762,000 |16.1 |5.0 |11.1 | 4.9 |style="color:red;"|1.80 |23.4 |- |2005 |70,183,000 |1,134,000 |348 000 |786,000 |16.2 |5.0 |11.2 | 4.8 |style="color:red;"|1.78 |21.9 |- |2006 |71,276,000 |1,173,000 |349 000 |824,000 |16.5 |4.9 |11.6 | 3.7 |style="color:red;"|1.77 |20.6 |- |2007 |72,319,000 |1,221,000 |350 000 |872,000 |16.9 |4.8 |12.1 | 2.3 |style="color:red;"|1.77 |19.4 |- |2008 |73,318,000 |1,265,000 |369 000 |896,000 |17.3 |5.0 |12.2 | 1.4 |style="color:red;"|1.77 |18.2 |- |2009 |74,323,000 |1,304,000 |381 000 |923,000 |17.5 |5.1 |12.4 | 1.1 |style="color:red;"|1.77 |17.2 |- |2010 |75,374,000 |1,337,000 |385 000 |953,000 |17.8 |5.1 |12.6 | 1.3 |style="color:red;"|1.77 |16.3 |- |2011 |76,343,000 |1,388,000 |381 000 |1,008,000 |18.2 |5.0 |13.2 | -0.5 |style="color:red;"|1.80 |15.5 |- |2012 |77,324,000 |1,464,000 |378 000 |1,085,000 |18.9 |4.9 |14.0 | -1.3 |style="color:red;"|1.89 |14.8 |- |2013 |78,459,000 |1,526,000 |385 000 |1,141,000 |19.4 |4.9 |14.5 | 0 |style="color:red;"|1.96 |14.2 |- |2014 |79,962,000 |1,579,000 |391 000 |1,188,000 |19.8 |4.9 |14.9 | 3.9 |style="color:red;"|2.04 |13.6 |- |2015 |81,791,000 |1,583,000 |395 000 |1,188,000 |19.4 |4.8 |14.6 | 7.8 |style="color:red;"|2.05 |13.1 |- |2016 |83,306,000 |1,584,000 |394 000 |1,190,000 |19.0 |style="color:blue;"|4.7 |14.3 | 3.9 |style="color:red;"|2.07 |12.6 |- |2017 |84,505,000 |1,572,000 |396 000 |1,176,000 |18.6 |4.7 |13.9 | 0.3 |style="color:red;"|2.07 |12.2 |- |2018 |85,618,000 |1,475,000 |404 000 |1,071,000 |17.2 |4.7 |12.5 | 0.5 |style="color:red;"|1.97 |11.8 |- |2019 |86,564,000 |1,308,000 |421 000 |886,000 |15.1 |4.9 |10.2 | -0.4 |style="color:red;"|1.77 |11.4 |- |2020 |87,290,000 |1,243,000 |486 000 |757,000 |14.2 |5.6 |8.7 | -0.1 |style="color:red;"|1.71 |11.0 |- |2021 |87,923,000 |1,204,000 |style="color:red;"|566 000 |638,000 |13.7 |6.4 |7.3 | -0.1 |style="color:red;"|1.69 |10.7 |- |2022 |88,550,000 |1,151,000 |531,000 |620,000 |style="color:red;"|13 |6 |style="color:red;"|7 | 0.1 |style="color:red;"|1.7 |10 |} ;Notes <sup>1</sup> per 1000<br><sup>2</sup> TFR = number of children per woman<br><sup>3</sup> per 1000 births ===Registered births and deaths=== <ref name="UN Demographic Yearbooks">{{cite web|url=http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001|title=United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics|publisher=United Nations|access-date=8 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227194033/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm#2001|archive-date=27 December 2016|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sabteahval.ir/en/default-972.aspx|title=.:: National Organization for Civil Registration-Home ::.|work=sabteahval.ir|access-date=4 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130114035336/http://www.sabteahval.ir/en/default-972.aspx|archive-date=14 January 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |title=Census 2016 |url=https://irandataportal.syr.edu/census/census-2016}}</ref> Note that registrations may be by year of registration and not by year of occurrence. This was especially the case in the beginning of the 1980s when there were many late registrations. This explains the high number of births during 1980-1986. Before 1980, the registrations were incomplete. {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right" ! ! style="width:70pt;"|Average population ! style="width:70pt;"|Live births ! style="width:70pt;"|Deaths ! style="width:70pt;"|Natural change ! style="width:70pt;"|Crude birth rate (per 1000) ! style="width:70pt;"|Crude death rate (per 1000) ! style="width:70pt;"|Natural change (per 1000) ! style="width:70pt;"|Total Fertility Rate |- | 1959 | |864,846||176,268||688,578 ||||||| |- | 1960 | |876,206||171,040||705,166 ||||||| |- | 1961 | |902,260||159,371||742,889 ||||||| |- | 1962 | |957,500||165,488||792,012 ||||||| |- | 1963 | |920,967||135,912||785,055 ||||||| |- | 1964 | |1,118,911||145,174||973,737 ||||||| |- | 1965 | |1,139,663||171,940||967,723 ||||||| |- | 1966 | |1,101,606||178,991||922,615 ||||||| |- | 1967 | |1,019,373||179,159||840,214 ||||||| |- | 1968 | |1,037,022||174,201||862,821 ||||||| |- | 1969 | |1,091,513||167,660||923,853 ||||||| |- | 1970 | |1,189,203||163,430||1,025,773 ||||||| |- | 1971 | |1,231,227||149,325||1,081,902 ||||||| |- | 1972 | |1,138,843||153,568||985,275 ||||||| |- | 1973 | |1,199,777||155,081||1,044,696 ||||||| |- | 1974 | |1,248,256||149,785||1,098,471 ||||||| |- | 1975 | |1,339,267||148,543||1,190,724 ||||||| |- | 1976 | |1,401,426||155,981||1,245,445 ||||||| |- | 1977 | |1,399,977||146,369||1,253,608 ||||||| |- | 1978 | |1,369,597||127,587||1,242,010 ||||||| |- | 1979 | |1,689,908||142,402||1,547,506 ||||||| |- | 1980 | |<span style="color:blue">2,450,308</span>||162,176||2,288,132 ||||||| |- | 1981 | |2,421,611||178,099||2,243,512 ||||||| |- | 1982 | |2,101,894||200,614||1,901,280 ||||||| |- | 1983 | |2,203,448||207,228||1,996,220 ||||||| |- | 1984 | |2,067,803||186,440||1,881,363 ||||||| |- | 1985 | |2,033,285||190,061||1,843,224 ||||||| |- | 1986 | |2,259,055||199,511||2,059,544 ||||||| |- | 1987 | |1,832,089||204,230||1,627,859 ||||||| |- | 1988 | |1,944,149||238,390||1,705,759 ||||||| |- | 1989 | |1,784,811||199,645||1,585,166 ||||||| |- | 1990 | |1,722,977||217,597||1,505,380 ||||||| |- | 1991 | |1,582,931||217,637||1,365,294 ||||||| |- | 1992 | |1,433,243||188,647||1,244,596 ||||||| |- | 1993 | |1,388,017||208,161||1,179,856 ||||||| |- | 1994 | |1,426,784|||| |||||||<span style="color:#0000FF">3.50</span> |- | 1995 | |1,205,372|||| |||||||<span style="color:#0000FF">3.22</span> |- | 1996 | |1,187,903|||| |||||||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.95</span> |- | 1997 | |1,179,260|||| |||||||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.73</span> |- | 1998 | |1,185,639 |<span style="color:red">551,345</span> ||634,294 |||||||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.53</span> |- | 1999 |62,738,000 |1,177,557||374,838||802,719 |18.8||6.0||12.8||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.36</span> |- | 2000 |63,658,000 |1,095,165||382,674||712,491 |17.2||6.0||11.2||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.19</span> |- | 2001 |64,592,000 |1,110,836||421,525||689,311 |17.2||6.5||10.7||2.09 |- | 2002 |65,540,000 |1,122,104||337,237||784,867 |17.1||5.1||12.0||2.01 |- | 2003 |66,480,000 |1,171,573||368,518||803,055 |17.6||5.5||12.1||1.92 |- | 2004 |67,477,000 |1,154,368||355,213||799,155 |17.1||5.3||11.8||1.87 |- | 2005 |69,672,000 |1,239,408||363,723||875,685 |18.1||5.3||12.8||1.82 |- | 2006 |70,554,000 |1,253,912||408,566||845,346 |17.8||5.8||12.0||1.79 |- | 2007 |71,336,000 |1,286,716||412,736||873,980 |18.0||5.8||12.2||1.81 |- | 2008 |72,120,000 |1,300,166||417,798||882,368 |17.9||5.8||12.2||1.80 |- | 2009 |72,924,000 |1,348,546||393,514||955,032 |18.3||5.3||13.0||1.78 |- | 2010 |73,762,000 |1,363,542||441,042||922,500 |18.3||5.9||12.4||1.77 |- | 2011 |74,634,000 |1,382,229||422,133||960,096 |18.3||5.6||12.7||1.74 |- | 2012 |75,539,000 |1,421,689||367,512||1,054,177 |18.7||4.8||13.9||1.73 |- | 2013 |76,481,000 |1,471,834||372,279||1,099,555 |19.1||4.8||14.3||1.70 |- | 2014 |77,465,000 |1,534,362||446,333||1,088,029 |19.8||5.8||14.0||1.68 |- | 2015 |78,492,000 |1,570,219||374,827||1,195,392 |20.0||4.8||15.2||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.16</span> |- | 2016 |79,926,000 |1,528,053||388,792||1,139,261 |19.2||4.9||14.3||<span style="color:#0000FF">2.11</span> |- | 2017 |80,960,000 |1,487,923||369,751||1,118,172 |19.0||4.6||14.4||2.09 |- | 2018 |81,865,000 |1,366,519||376,731||989,788 |16.9||4.6||12.3||1.95 |- | 2019 |82,585,000 |1,196,132||395,319||800,813 |14.4||4.8||9.6||1.74 | 1.77 |- |2020 |83,220,000 |1,114,128||511,881||602,247 |13.4||6.2||7.5||1.65 |- |2021 |<span style="color:blue">83,935,000</span> |1,116,212||544,517||<span style="color:red">571,695</span> |13.2||<span style="color:red">6.4</span>||6.8||1.61 |- |2022 ||||1,075,381||395,727||679,654 |12.7||4.7||8.0||1.55(e) |- |2023 ||||1,057,948||403,202||654,746 |<span style="color:red">12.4</span>||4.7||7.7||<span style="color:red">1.52(e)</span> |- |2024 | |979,923<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-06 |title=کاهش تعداد متولدان |url=https://hammihanonline.ir/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87-23/37535-%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B4-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86 |access-date=2025-05-06 |website=هممیهن |language=fa}}</ref> | | | | | |1.44<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-05-20 |title=کاهش موالید در ایران؛ غربالگریهای دوران بارداری در کانون توجه |url=https://www.etemadonline.com/%D8%A8%D8%AE%D8%B4-%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C-23/714138-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AF-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C-%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%AA |access-date=2025-05-20 |website=اعتمادآنلاین |language=fa}}</ref> |} {{GraphChart | width = 450 | height = 150 | xAxisTitle=year | yAxisTitle= million | yAxisMin= | yGrid= 0,1 | xGrid= 10 | legend= | type = line | x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 | y1= 16.8,17.2,17.6,18,18.4,18.9,19.3,19.8,20.3,20.8,21.4,22,22.6,23.3,23.9,24.7,25.4,26.1,26.9,27.6,28.5,29.3,30.1,31,31.9,32.9,33.8,34.9,36,37.2,38.5,40.5, 42.5,44,45.6,47.3,48.9,50.5,52.1,53.6,55.8,58,59.4,59.8,60,60.8,61.6,62.5,63.5,64.5,65.5,66.7,67.3,68,69.1,70.2,71.3,72.3,73.3,74.3,75.4,76.3,77.3,78.5, 80,81.8,83.3,84.5,85.6,86.6,87.3,87.9 | y1Title= population (million) }} {{GraphChart | width = 450 | height = 150 | xAxisTitle=years | yAxisTitle= ‰ | yAxisMin= | yGrid= 0,1 | xGrid= 10 | hAnnotatonsLine= | hAnnotatonsLabel= | legend= | type = line | x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 | y1= 22.3,22.2,22.6,23.0,23.6,24.1,24.5,25.2,26.0,26.5,26.0,25.7,25.2,25.7,25.7,25.9,26.2,26.6,26.4,27.0,26.8,26.7,26.0,26.4,27.0, 27.8,29.3,30.2,30.7,33.2,33.4,32.4,33.4,33.5,33.9,33.0,31.7,29.9,28.3,27.4,25.3,24.7,22.5,20.3,17.1,14.9,13.2,12.0,11.5,11.4,11.2,11.1,11.0,10.5,11.1,11.2,11.6, 12.1,12.2,12.4,12.6,13.2,14.0,14.5,14.9,14.6,14.3,13.9,12.5,10.2,8.7,7.3 | y1Title=Natural change (per 1000) }} {{GraphChart | width = 450 | height = 150 | xAxisTitle=years | yAxisTitle= ‰ | yAxisMin= | yGrid= 0,1 | xGrid= 10 | hAnnotatonsLine= | hAnnotatonsLabel= | legend= | type = line | x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 | y1= 209.0,207.3,203.7,200.5,197.2,192.9,189.5,185.8,181.6,177.8,174.0,170.2,167.3,162.8,159.1,155.4,151.6,147.6,144.0,138.9,134.1,128.9,123.8,118.2,113.0,107.7, 102.3,96.6,92.4,85.1,79.5,74.3,69.3,65.1,61.5,58.2,55.3,52.6,49.8,47.4,46.5,43.1,41.3,39.8,38.2,36.8,35.4,34.0,32.5,31.0,29.5,28.1,26.4,25.6,23.4,21.9, 20.6,19.4,18.2,17.2,16.3,15.5,14.8,14.2,13.6,13.1,12.6,12.2,11.8,11.4,11.0,10.7 | y1Title=Infant Mortality (per 1000 live births) }} {{GraphChart | width = 450 | height = 150 | xAxisTitle=years | yAxisTitle= TFR | yAxisMin= | yGrid= 0,1 | xGrid= 10 | hAnnotatonsLine=2.1 | hAnnotatonsLabel= | legend= | type = line | x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 | y1= 6.95,6.95,6.96,6.98,7.01,7.04,7.08,7.18,7.28,7.38,7.30,7.23,7.22,7.18,7.13,7.11,7.08,7.05,6.97,6.90,6.71,6.51,6.25,6.11,6.04,6.01,6.14,6.20,6.33,6.53,6.58, 6.56,6.55,6.51,6.44,6.26,6.01,5.69,5.39,5.11,4.86,4.51,4.08,3.68,3.27,2.89,2.57,2.33,2.20,2.10,2.02,1.94,1.87,1.82,1.80,1.78,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.77,1.80,1.89,1.96,2.04,2.05,2.07,2.07,1.97,1.77,1.71,1.69 | y1Title=Total Fertility Rate }} ====Current vital statistics==== <ref>{{Cite web |title=Over 1m births registered in a year |date=8 April 2024 |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/496901/Over-1m-births-registered-in-a-year}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web |title=Some 980,000 births registered in a year |date=6 May 2025 |url=https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/512692/Some-980-000-births-registered-in-a-year}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |+ |- ! Period ! Live births ! Deaths ! Natural increase |- | '''March 2023—March 2024''' | 1,057,948 | | |- | '''March 2024—March 2025''' | 979,923 | | |- | '''Difference''' | {{decrease}} -78,025 (-7.38%) | | |- |} ===Total fertility rate === In 1960, Iran's [[fertility]] rate was 7.3 children per woman. In 2021, the rate had fallen to 1.7 children per woman.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.TFRT.IN?locations=IR | title=World Bank Open Data }}</ref> According to a study through the [[Australian National University]], there are both micro and macro factors affecting the fertility rate in Iran, including education, economics, and culture.<ref name="demography.cass.anu.edu.au">https://demography.cass.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/sod/publications/working-papers/88.pdf</ref> Micro-factors can include family income levels and individual choices, while macro-factors can include the country's economy, education, and shifting cultural values. The [[Cross-sectional study|cross-sectional cohort study]] examined four provinces in [[Iran]] ([[Gilan province|Gilan]], [[Sistan and Baluchestan province|Sistan & Baluchistan]], [[West Azerbaijan province|West Azerbaijan]], and [[Yazd province|Yazd]]) and found that trends show that women in all four provinces are choosing to have fewer children compared to the women born in the earlier cohorts. The majority of women agreed with statements such as "having many children is an obstacle for the parents' interests" and "having many children creates financial pressure for the family" (among others).<ref name="demography.cass.anu.edu.au"/> Other sources also suggest that delayed marriage and a tendency to limit fertility are factors affecting the decline of TFR.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Karamouzian |first1=Mohammad |last2=Sharifi |first2=Hamid |last3=Haghdoost |first3=Ali Akbar |title=Iran's shift in family planning policies: concerns and challenges |journal=International Journal of Health Policy and Management |date=2 September 2014 |volume=3 |issue=5 |pages=231–233 |doi=10.15171/ijhpm.2014.81 |pmid=25337596 |pmc=4204741 }}</ref> A decline in TFR can lead to population decrease, and an ageing population, which can negatively impact the country's economy.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/011216/4-global-economic-issues-aging-population.asp | title=4 Global Economic Issues of an Aging Population }}</ref> In response, Iranian policymakers have attempted to limit these factors by restricting access to contraceptives and surgeries that reduce fertility.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/15/iran-bans-vasectomies-and-contraceptives-to-improve-birth-rate | title=Iran ends provision by state of contraceptives and vasectomies | newspaper=The Guardian | date=15 June 2020 | last1=Safi | first1=Michael }}</ref> ===Life expectancy=== [[File:Life expectancy in Iran.svg|thumb|250px|[[Life expectancy]] in Iran since 1950]] [[File:Life expectancy by WBG -Iran -diff.png|thumb|250px|Life expectancy in Iran since 1960 by gender]] '''Sex ratio''' : ''at birth:'' 1.05 male(s)/female : ''0-14 years:'' 1.05 male(s)/female : ''15-24 years:'' 1.05 male(s)/female : ''25-54 years:'' 1.04 male(s)/female : ''55-64 years:'' 0.96 male(s)/female : ''65 years and over:'' 0.87 male(s)/female : ''total population:'' 1.03 male(s)/female (2020 est.) '''Life expectancy at birth''' : ''total population:'' 75.06 years : ''male:'' 73.71 years : ''female:'' 76.48 years (2021 est.) == Ethnic groups == {{See also|Ethnicities in Iran}}{{Expand section|the table which can be expanded with the source provided|date=December 2024}} [[Iran]] is a [[Ethnicities in Iran|mosaic of diverse ethnic groups]], contrary to popular belief that all Iranians are "[[Persians|just Persian]]".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Saleh |first=Alam |date=2016-03-01 |title=Iran's cynical pandering to its ethnic minorities will do it no good |url=https://theconversation.com/irans-cynical-pandering-to-its-ethnic-minorities-will-do-it-no-good-55089 |access-date=2024-12-11 |website=The Conversation |language=en-US}}</ref><ref name=":33">{{Cite web |last=Shams |first=Alex |date=2012-05-18 |title=A "Persian" Iran?: Challenging the Aryan Myth and Persian Ethnocentrism |url=https://ajammc.com/2012/05/18/a-persian-iran-challenging-the-aryan-myth-and-persian-ethnocentrism/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240914152615/https://ajammc.com/2012/05/18/a-persian-iran-challenging-the-aryan-myth-and-persian-ethnocentrism/ |archive-date=2024-09-14 |access-date=2024-11-29 |website=Ajam Media Collective |language=en-US}}</ref> According to a 1939 survey and [[Anthropology|Anthropological study]] of the people of Iran,<ref name=":34">{{cite web |date=1939 |title=The Peoples of Iran |url=https://archive.org/details/contributionstoa291fiel/page/209/mode/1up |page=}} in {{cite journal |last1=Field |first1=Henry |date=1939 |title=Contributions to the anthropology of Iran |journal=Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History. Anthropological Series |series=Publication. Field Museum of Natural History |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages= |doi=10.5962/bhl.title.3355 |jstor=29782234}}</ref>{{Rp|page=209}} these were the ethnic groups that resided in the following areas of Iran: {| class="wikitable" !District !Locality !Sedentary<br>{{clarify|date=December 2024}}<br>population<br>(approx.) !Chief town !Ethnic Group |- |Abadeh-i-Iqlid |Northern [[Fars province|Fars]] |25,000 |Abadeh |Chiefly Lashani and Cheharrahi |- |Abadeh-i-Tashk |Near Daryacheh-i-Tashk |6,500 |Abadeh-i-Tashk |Chiefly Lashani and Cheharrahi |- |Abraj |West of Mahin |1,000 |N/A |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] and Persians |- |Aftar |Southwest of Jahrom |3,000 |Abi-i-Garm |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] and Persians |- |[[Alamarvdasht District|'Alamarvdakht]] |Southern [[Fars province|Fars]] |4,000 |[[Alamarvdasht|'Alamarvdakht]] |Chiefly Behbehani [[Lurs]] with some Arab blood |- |Angali |Northeast of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |2,000 |Mahmud Shahi |Chiefly Behbehani [[Lurs]] with some Arab blood |- |Arbaeh, Mahals-i |South of Firuzabad |1,000 |Hangam |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Ardakan |Northwest of Shiraz |6,000 |Ardakan |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Arisinjan |Northeast of Shiraz |5,000 |Arisinjan |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Asir |Near the 'Alamarvdakht |5,500 |Asir |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Baiza, Dasht-i |Northwest of Shiraz |1,200 |Bandar Dilam |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Bandar Dilam |Northwest coast of [[Fars province|Fars]] |10,000 |Bandar Dilam |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Bawanat |Northeastern [[Fars province|Fars]] |12,000 |Bawanat |[[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkics]] from Simakan |- |Bidshahr (or Juwun-i-Bidshahr) |South of [[Jahrom County|Jahrum]] | |[[Bid Shahr|Bidshahr]] |[[Dashtis]] |- |Borazjan |Northeast of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |6,500 |[[Borazjan]] |[[Dashtis]] |- |Chah Kutah |East of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |1,500 |[[Chah Kutah]] |[[Dashtis]] |- |Chehar Dungeh, Sarhad-i- |Northern [[Fars province|Fars]] |3,000 |Asupas |[[Dashtis]] |- |Dalaki |Northeast of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |N/A |Dalaki |[[Dashtis]] |- |Darab |Southeastern [[Fars province|Fars]] |10,000 |Darab |[[Dashtis]] |- |Dashti |Southeast of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |20,000 |[[Khvormuj|Khurmuj]] |[[Dashtis]] |- |[[Dashtestan County|Dashtistan]] |East of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |15,000 |Borazjan |Immigrants from Dashti or [[Shiraz County|Shiraz]] |- |[[Dezhkord|Dizkurd]] |Northwestern [[Fars province|Fars]] |500 |N/A |[[Circassians in Iran|Circassians]] |- |Istehbanat |South of Niriz |4,000 |Istehbanat |Mainly [[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Lurs]] |- |[[Jahrom|Jahrum]] |South central [[Fars province|Fars]] |7,500 |[[Jahrom|Jahrum]] |Mainly [[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Lurs]] |- |Jireh |East of [[Bushehr|Bushire]] |2,500 |Jireh |Mainly [[Ethnicities in Iran#Turkic peoples|Turkic]] and [[Lurs]] |- | - | - | - | - | - |- |Shibkuh ports |West of Ras Bustaneh | - | - |Sunni and Shia [[Bedouin|Arabs]]<ref name=":34" />{{Rp|page=228}} |- |[[Minab County|Minab]] | - | - | - |An ethnic group of mixed Persian, Baluchi, Arab, and Sub-Saharan African descent.<ref name=":34" />{{Rp|page=|pages=228–229}} |- |[[Larestan County|Laristan]] |[[Larestan region|Laristan region]] |90,000<ref name=":34" />{{Rp|page=228}} | |Those living on the [[coast]] line are to a great extent [[Huwala people|Arabs (Huwala)]], while the [[farmer]]s are principally [[Achomi people|Persians [Iranis]]].<ref name=":34" />{{Rp|page=228}} |} ===Genetics=== {{see also|Genetic history of the Middle East}} ==== Haplogroups ==== ===== Y-chromosome DNA ===== Y-Chromosome DNA [[Y-DNA]] represents the male lineage, the Iranian [[Y-chromosome]] pool is as follows where haplogroups, [[Haplogroup R1 (Y-DNA)|R1]] (25%), [[Haplogroup J-M172 (Y-DNA)|J2]] (23%) [[Haplogroup G (Y-DNA)|G]] (14%), [[Haplogroup J-M267 (Y-DNA)|J1]] (8%) [[Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)|E1b1b]] (5%), [[Haplogroup L (Y-DNA)|L]] (4%), [[Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)|Q]] (4%), comprise more than 85% of the total chromosomes.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Regueiro |first1=M. |last2=Cadenas |first2=A.M. |last3=Gayden |first3=T. |last4=Underhill |first4=P.A. |last5=Herrera |first5=R.J. |title=Iran: Tricontinental Nexus for Y-Chromosome Driven Migration |journal=Human Heredity |date=2006 |volume=61 |issue=3 |pages=132–143 |doi=10.1159/000093774 |pmid=16770078 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Nasidze |first1=I. |last2=Quinque |first2=D. |last3=Rahmani |first3=M. |last4=Alemohamad |first4=S. A. |last5=Stoneking |first5=M. |title=Close Genetic Relationship Between Semitic-speaking and Indo-European-speaking Groups in Iran |journal=Annals of Human Genetics |date=March 2008 |volume=72 |issue=2 |pages=241–252 |doi=10.1111/j.1469-1809.2007.00413.x |pmid=18205892 }}</ref> {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size: 100%;" ! Haplogroup<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Bekada |first1=Asmahan |last2=Fregel |first2=Rosa |last3=Cabrera |first3=Vicente M. |last4=Larruga |first4=José M. |last5=Pestano |first5=José |last6=Benhamamouch |first6=Soraya |last7=González |first7=Ana M. |title=Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape |journal=PLOS ONE |date=19 February 2013 |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e56775 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056775 |doi-access=free |pmid=23431392 |pmc=3576335 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...856775B }}</ref> ! n ! B ! C ! E1b1a ! E1b1b1a2 ! E1b1b1a3 ! E1b1b1c ! F ! G ! H ! I ! J1 ! J2 ! K ! L ! N ! O ! P,R ! Q ! R1a ! R1b ! R1b1a ! R1b1b ! R2 ! T |- | Marker||||||||M2||V13||V22||M34||||||||||||||||||||||||||||M343||V88||M269||||M70 |- | Iran||566||0.53||0.18||1.41||1.77||1.8||0.88||0.35||14.00||2.65||0.8||8.13||23.86||0.71||4.00||2.12||1.41||0.71||4.01||17.49||1.24||0.35||6.18||1.41||2.12 |- |} ===== Mitochondrial DNA ===== [[Mitochondrial DNA]] (mtDNA) represents the female lineage. West Eurasian mtDNA makes up over 90% of the Iranian population on average. (2013).<ref name="Derenko et al 2013 Complete Mitochondrial DNA">{{cite journal |last1=Derenko |first1=Miroslava |last2=Malyarchuk |first2=Boris |last3=Bahmanimehr |first3=Ardeshir |last4=Denisova |first4=Galina |last5=Perkova |first5=Maria |last6=Farjadian |first6=Shirin |last7=Yepiskoposyan |first7=Levon |title=Complete Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in Iranians |journal=PLOS ONE |date=14 November 2013 |volume=8 |issue=11 |pages=e80673 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0080673 |pmid=24244704 |pmc=3828245 |bibcode=2013PLoSO...880673D |doi-access=free }}</ref> Among them, U3b3 lineages appear to be restricted to populations of Iran and the [[Caucasus]], while the sub-cluster U3b1a is common in the whole [[Near East]] region.<ref name="Derenko et al 2013 Complete Mitochondrial DNA"/> In Iran outliers in the Y-chromosomes and Mitochondrial DNA gene pool are consisted of the north Iranian ethnicities, such as the [[Gilaks]] and [[Mazandarani people|Mazandarani's]], whose genetic build up including chromosomal DNA are nearly identical to the major [[South Caucasus|South Caucasian]] ethnicities, namely the [[Georgians]], [[Armenians]] and [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijani's]]. Other outliers are made by the [[Baloch people]], representing a mere 1–2% of the total Iranian population, who have more patrilinial and mitochondrial DNA lines leaning towards northwest South Asian ethnic groups. Levels of genetic variation in Iranian populations are comparable to the other groups from the [[Caucasus]], [[Anatolia]] and [[Europe]].<ref name="Derenko et al 2013 Complete Mitochondrial DNA"/> ==== Autosomal DNA ==== A large-scale genetic analyses on various [[ethnic groups of Iran]], published in 2019, found that genetically speaking different Iranian ethnic groups, such as [[Persians]], [[Kurds]], [[Azerbaijanis]], [[Lurs]], [[Mazanderanis]], [[Gilaks]] and [[Arabs]], cluster tightly together, forming a single cluster known as the "CIC" (Central Iranian cluster). Compared with worldwide populations, Iranians (CIC) cluster in the center of the wider West Eurasian cluster, close to Europeans, Middle Easterners, and South-Central Asians. Iranian Arabs and [[Turkic languages|Turkic-speaking]] Azeris genetically overlap with [[Iranian languages|Iranian-speaking]] peoples such as Persians. The genetic substructure of Iranians was found to be low, compared with other "1000G" populations. Iranians display their highest genetic affinity with other Southwest and West Asian populations, followed by Europeans and Central Asian groups. Certain South Asians (specifically the [[Parsis|Parsi]] minority) showed the highest affinity with Iranians, inline with their ethnic history. Overall, the study results suggest that the genetic makeup of the Iranian gene pool formed already about 5,000 years ago and shows high continuity since then, suggesting that they were largely unaffected by migration events from outside groups. On a global scale, Iranians display their highest affinity with other "West Eurasian" populations (such as Europeans or South Asians, but also [[Latin Americans]]), while Sub-Saharan Africans and East Asians showed large degrees of differentiation with Iranians.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Mehrjoo |first1=Zohreh |last2=Fattahi |first2=Zohreh |last3=Beheshtian |first3=Maryam |last4=Mohseni |first4=Marzieh |last5=Poustchi |first5=Hossein |last6=Ardalani |first6=Fariba |last7=Jalalvand |first7=Khadijeh |last8=Arzhangi |first8=Sanaz |last9=Mohammadi |first9=Zahra |last10=Khoshbakht |first10=Shahrouz |last11=Najafi |first11=Farid |date=24 September 2019 |title=Distinct genetic variation and heterogeneity of the Iranian population |journal=PLOS Genetics |volume=15 |issue=9 |pages=e1008385 |doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1008385 |pmc=6759149 |pmid=31550250 |quote=Seven groups (Iranian Arabs, Azeris, Gilaks, Kurds, Mazanderanis, Lurs and Persians) strongly overlapped in their overall autosomal diversity in an MDS analysis (Fig 1B), suggesting the existence of a Central Iranian Cluster (CIC), notably also including Iranian Arabs and Azeris. On a global scale (Fig 2 including 'Old World' populations only; see S2 Fig for all 1000G populations), CIC Iranians closely clustered with Europeans, while Iranian Turkmen showed similar yet distinct degrees of admixture compared to other South Asians. A local comparison corroborated the distinct genetic diversity of CIC Iranians relative to other geographically close populations [2, 6, 44] (Fig 3 and S3 Fig). Still, genetic substructure was much smaller among Iranian groups than in relation to any of the 1000G populations, supporting the view that the CIC groups form a distinct genetic entity, despite internal heterogeneity. European (FST~0.0105–0.0294), South Asians (FST~0.0141–0.0338), but also some Latin American populations (Puerto Ricans: FST~0.0153–0.0228; Colombians: FST~0.0170–0.0261) were closest to Iranians, whereas Sub-Saharan Africans and admixed Afro-Americans (FST~0.0764–0.1424) as well as East Asians (FST ~ 0.0645–0.1055) showed large degrees of differentiation with Iranians. |doi-access=free}}</ref> ==Languages and ethnic groups== [[File:Iran ethnoreligious distribution 2004.jpg|thumb|500px|Colour-coded map of Iran's ethnic groups. The centre of the country is mostly [[Persian people|Persians]]; [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijanis]], [[Gilaks]], [[Kurds]], and [[Talysh people|Talysh]] are in the northwest; [[Lurs]], [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]] and [[Arabs]] in the southwest; [[Turkmen people|Turkmens]] and more Kurds in the northeast; [[Baloch people|Balochis]] in the southeast.]] {{Main article|Iranian peoples|Turkic people|Ethnic minorities in Iran|Languages of Iran|Ethnicities in Iran}} The largest linguistic group comprises speakers of Iranian languages, like modern [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]], [[Gilaki language|Gilaki]], [[Mazanderani language|Mazandarani]], [[Luri language|Luri]], [[Talysh language|Talysh]], and [[Balochi language|Balochi]]. Speakers of [[Turkic languages]], most notably [[Azerbaijani people|Azerbaijanis]], which is by far the second-most spoken language in the country, but also the [[Turkmen people|Turkmen]], and the [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]] peoples, comprise a substantial minority. The remainder are primarily speakers of [[Semitic languages]] such as [[Arabs of Khuzestan|Arabic]] and [[Assyrians in Iran|Assyrian]]. A small number of [[Mandaeans]] in [[Khuzestan province|Khuzestan]] speak [[Mandaic language|Mandaic]]. There are small groups using other [[Indo-European languages]] such as [[Armenian language|Armenian]] and [[Russian language|Russian]]; also, [[Georgian language|Georgian]] (a member of the [[Kartvelian languages|Kartvelian]] language family) is spoken in a large pocket only by those [[Iranian Georgians]] that live in [[Fereydan]], [[Fereydunshahr]]. Most of those Georgians who live in the north Iranian provinces of [[Gilan]], [[Mazandaran]], [[Isfahan (city)|Isfahan]], [[Tehran province]] and the rest of Iran no longer speak the language. The [[Circassians in Iran]], a very large minority in the past and speakers of the [[Circassian language]], have been strongly assimilated and absorbed within the population in the past few centuries. However, significant pockets do exist spread over the country, and they are the second-largest [[Caucasus]]-derived group in the nation after the Georgians.<ref name="FdyRswC p 141">[https://books.google.com/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&pg=PA141 ''Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150614155901/https://books.google.nl/books?id=stl97FdyRswC&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=number+of+circassians+in+iran&source=bl&ots=u_SmExfuC8&sig=2lK8k9IsUQZyjCtdKqIAIr6Rc5M&hl=nl&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwBDgKahUKEwins7Whz4vGAhVRCNsKHb9pAME#v=onepage&q=number%20of%20circassians%20in%20iran&f=false |date=14 June 2015 }} Facts on File, Incorporated {{ISBN|143812676X}} p 141</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118238/Circassian|title=Circassian (people)|access-date=28 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407230314/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/118238/Circassian|archive-date=7 April 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> [[History of the Jews in Iran|Jews]] have had a continuous presence in Iran since the time of [[Cyrus the Great]] of the [[Achaemenid Empire]]. In 1948, there were approximately 140,000–150,000 Jews living in Iran. According to the Tehran Jewish Committee, the Jewish population of Iran was (more recently) estimated at 25,000 to 35,000, of which approximately 15,000 are in Tehran with the rest residing in Hamadan, Shiraz, Isfahan, Kermanshah, Yazd, Kerman, Rafsanjan, Borujerd, Sanandaj, Tabriz and Urmia. However, the official 2011 state census recorded only 8,756 Jews in Iran.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/|title=Jewish woman brutally murdered in Iran over property dispute|newspaper=The Times of Israel|date=28 November 2012|access-date=16 August 2014|quote="A government census published earlier this year indicated there were a mere 8,756 Jews left in Iran"|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102713/http://www.timesofisrael.com/jewish-woman-brutally-murdered-in-iran-over-property-dispute/#ixzz3Ac6duaqw|archive-date=19 August 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed-hover" heights="188px"> File:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (1982-1989).png File:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (1990-1993).png File:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (1994-2011).png File:Percentage of ethnic groups in the general population of Iran (2012-2014).png </gallery> The [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[The World Factbook|World Factbook]] (which is based on 2013 statistics) gives the following numbers for the languages spoken in Iran today: [[Persian language|Persian]], [[Luri language|Luri]], [[Gilaki language|Gilaki]] and [[Mazandarani language|Mazandarani]] 66%; [[Azerbaijani language|Turkish]] and other [[Turkic languages]] 18%; [[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] 10%; [[Arabic]] 2%; [[Balochi language|Balochi]] 2%; others 2% ([[Armenian language|Armenian]], [[Georgian language|Georgian]], [[Circassian language|Circassian]], [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic|Assyrian]], etc.).<ref name="worldfactbook">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/iran/ |title=The World Factbook – Iran |access-date=13 May 2013 }}</ref> According to anthropologist [[Brian Spooner (anthropologist)|Brian Spooner]], around half of Iran's population uses a language other than Persian at home and in informal public situations.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.1163/9789004217652_005 |chapter=Persian, Farsi, Dari, Tajiki: Language Names and Language Policies |title=Language Policy and Language Conflict in Afghanistan and Its Neighbors |date=2012 |last1=Spooner |first1=Brian |pages=89–117 |isbn=978-90-04-21765-2 |author1-link=Brian Spooner (anthropologist) }}</ref> Other sources, such as the [[Library of Congress]], and the [[Encyclopedia of Islam]] (Leiden)<ref>See Iran in Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden. C.E. Bosworth (editor)</ref> give Iran's ethnic groups as following: [[Persian people|Persians]] 65%, [[Azerbaijanis|Azerbaijani Turks]] 16%, [[Kurds]] 7%, [[Lurs]] 6%, [[Arabs]] 2%, [[Baloch people|Baloch]] 2%, [[Turkmens]] 1%, Turkic tribal groups (e.g. [[Qashqai people|Qashqai]]) 1%, and non-Persian, non-Turkic groups (e.g. [[Armenians]], [[Georgians]], [[Assyrian people|Assyrians]], [[Circassians]]) less than 1%.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf |title=Country Profile: Iran |last1=Curtis |first1=Glenn E. |last2=Hooglund |first2=Eric |date=May 2008 |website=Library of Congress – Federal Research Division |page=5 |access-date=2 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150927105102/http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/cs/profiles/Iran.pdf |archive-date=27 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> For sources prior to and after 2000, see [[Languages and ethnicities in Iran]]. ==Religious affiliations== {{Pie chart |thumb = left |caption = Religion in Iran by CIA |label1 = [[Shia Islam]] |value1 = 94.1 |color1 = DarkGreen |label2 = [[Sunni Islam]] |value2 = 5.3 |color2 = Green |label3 = Other/Unspecifed |value3 = 0.6 |color3 = Blue }} {{Main article|Religion in Iran|Islam in Iran|Christianity in Iran|Irreligion in Iran}} {{See also|Roman Catholicism in Iran|Persian Jews|Baháʼí Faith in Iran|Mandaeans}} [[Image:Moschee-isfahan.jpg|thumb|250px|The entrance to [[Shah Mosque (Isfahan)|Shah Mosque]] (aka [[Imam Mosque]] or ''Shah Jame' Mosque'') in Isfahan. This mosque is a prominent example of Persian architecture during the [[Safavid dynasty]].]] About 99% of the Iranians are Muslims; 90% belong to the [[Shi'a]] branch of Islam, the official state religion, and about 9% belong to the [[Sunni]] branch, which predominates in neighbouring Muslim countries.<ref name="CIA"/> Less than 1% non-Muslim minorities include [[Christians]], [[Zoroastrians in Iran|Zoroastrians]], [[Persian Jews|Jews]], [[Baháʼí Faith|Baháʼís]], [[Mandaeans]], and [[Yarsan]]. By far the largest group of Christians in Iran are Armenians under the [[Armenian Apostolic Church]] which has between 110,000,<ref>{{Cite news | title = In Iran, 'crackdown' on Christians worsens | newspaper = Christian Examiner | location = Washington D.C. | date = April 2009 | url = http://www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html | access-date = 1 December 2009 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000642/http://www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html | archive-date = 31 December 2013 }}</ref> 250,000,<ref name=Farsinet>{{Cite web | last = Price | first = Massoume | title = History of Christians and Christianity in Iran | work = Christianity in Iran | publisher = FarsiNet Inc. | date = December 2002 | url = http://www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html | access-date = 1 December 2009 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100322220007/http://www.farsinet.com/iranbibl/christians_in_iran_history.html | archive-date = 22 March 2010 | url-status = dead }}</ref> and 300,000,<ref>{{Cite news | title = In Iran, 'crackdown' on Christians worsens | newspaper = Christian Examiner | location = Washington D.C. | date = April 2009 | url = http://www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html | access-date = 19 March 2015 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131231000642/http://www.christianexaminer.com/Articles/Articles%20Apr09/Art_Apr09_23.html | archive-date = 31 December 2013 }}</ref> adherents. There are hundreds of Christian churches in Iran.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The [[Baháʼí Faith]], Iran's largest non-Muslim religious minority with a population around 300,000, is not officially recognised (and therefore not included in the census results), and has been persecuted since its inception in Iran. Since the [[Iranian revolution|1979 revolution]] the [[persecution of Baháʼís]] has increased with executions, the denial of civil rights and liberties, and the denial of access to higher education and employment.<ref name="fdih1">{{cite web |date=1 August 2003 |title=Discrimination against religious minorities in Iran |author=International Federation for Human Rights |publisher=fdih.org |access-date=19 March 2007 |url=http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061031221624/http://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/ir0108a.pdf |archive-date=31 October 2006 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ihrdc">{{cite web | author= Iran Human Rights Documentation Center | publisher= Iran Human Rights Documentation Center | title= A Faith Denied: The Persecution of the Baháʼís of Iran | year= 2007 | access-date= 19 March 2007 | url= http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf | url-status= dead | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070611140854/http://www.iranhrdc.org/english/pdfs/Reports/bahai_report.pdf | archive-date= 11 June 2007 }}</ref> Unofficial estimates for the [[Assyrians in Iran|Assyrian]] Christian population range between 20,000,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100951754043|title=انتقال مقر جهاني آشوريان به ايران|work=jamejamonline.ir|access-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223030525/http://www1.jamejamonline.ir/newstext.aspx?newsnum=100951754043|archive-date=23 December 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran|title=ASSYRIANS IN IRAN|work=iranicaonline.org|access-date=2 January 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150204215842/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/assyrians-in-iran|archive-date=4 February 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> and 70,000.<ref>{{cite book |last=Hooglund |first=Eric |author-link=Eric Hooglund |editor1-first=Glenn E. |editor1-last=Curtis |editor2-first=Eric |editor2-last=Hooglund |editor2-link=Eric Hooglund |others=[[United States Library of Congress]], [[Federal Research Division]] |title=Iran: A Country Study |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/81 |chapter-format=PDF |access-date=13 October 2013 |edition=5th |series=Area Handbook Series |year=2008 |publisher=[[United States Government Printing Office]] |location=[[Washington, D.C.]] |isbn=978-0-8444-1187-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/irancountrystudy00curt_2/page/81 81–142] |chapter=The Society and Its Environment |chapter-url-access=registration }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.aina.org/brief.html |title=Brief History of Assyrians |last=BetBasoo |first=Peter |date=1 April 2007 |publisher=[[Assyrian International News Agency]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017014421/http://www.aina.org/brief.html |archive-date=17 October 2013 |access-date=12 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The number of Iranian [[Mandaeans]] is a matter of dispute. In 2009, there were an estimated 5,000 to 10,000 Mandaeans in Iran, according to the Associated Press.<ref name="saving">{{cite web|last=Contrera |first=Russell |url=http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith |title=Saving the people, killing the faith – Holland, MI |publisher=The Holland Sentinel |access-date=17 December 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120306012853/http://www.hollandsentinel.com/lifestyle/x1558731033/Saving-the-people-killing-the-faith |archive-date=6 March 2012 }}</ref> Whereas Alarabiya has put the number of Iranian Mandaeans as high as 60,000 in 2011.<ref name=alarabiya0612>{{cite web |author=<!--[if IE 6]> <![endif]--> |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/06/181123.html |title=Iran Mandaeans in exile following persecution |publisher=Al Arabiya |date=6 December 2011 |access-date=17 December 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160731033510/http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/06/181123.html |archive-date=31 July 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right" |+ Population of Iran according to religion 1956–2011 per the UN<ref name="Iran Census Results 2011"/><ref name="UN Demographic Yearbooks"/> |- ! rowspan="2" | ! colspan="2" | [[Muslims]] ! colspan="2" | [[Christians]] ! colspan="2" | [[Zoroastrians]] ! colspan="2" | [[Jews]] ! colspan="2" | Other ! colspan="2" | Unknown |- ! # !! % ! # !! % ! # !! % ! # !! % ! # !! % ! # !! % |- ! census 1956 | 18,654,127 || {{percentage bar|width=40|98.4}} | 114,528 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.6}} | 15,723 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.1}} | 65,232 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.3}} | 59,256 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.3}} | 45,838 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.2}} |- ! census 1966 | 24,771,922 || {{percentage bar|width=40|98.8}} | 149,427 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.6}} | 19,816 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.1}} | 60,683 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.2}} | 77,075 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.3}} | || |- ! census 1976 | 33,396,908 || {{percentage bar|width=40|99.1}} | 168,593 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.5}} | 21,400 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.1}} | 62,258 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.2}} | || | 59,583 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.2}} |- ! census 2006 | 70,097,741 || {{percentage bar|width=40|99.4}} | 109,415 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.2}} | 19,823 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.0}} | 9,252 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.0}} | 54,234 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.1}} | 205,317 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.3}} |- ! census 2011 | 74,682,938 || {{percentage bar|width=40|99.4}} | 117,704 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.2}} | 25,271 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.0}} | 8,756 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.0}} | 49,101 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.1}} | 265,899 || {{percentage bar|width=40|0.4}} |} ==Migration== [[File:Net Migration Iran.png|thumb|300px|right|[[Net migration|Net Iranian migration]] (1979–2008). A positive value represents more people entering Iran than leaving it]] ===Recent immigration=== {{anchor|Immigration}} Most of the large [[Circassians|Circassian]] migrational waves towards mainland Iran stem from the Safavid and Qajar era; however, a certain amount also stem from the relatively recent arrivals that migrated as the Circassians [[Ethnic cleansing of Circassians|were displaced from the Caucasus]] in the 19th century. A [[Afro-Iranian|Black African]] population exists due to [[Slavery in Iran|historical slavery]]. A substantial number of [[Russians in Iran|Russians]] arrived in the early 20th century as refugees from the [[Russian Revolution]], but their number has dwindled following the [[Iran crisis of 1946]] and the [[Iranian revolution]]. In the 20th to 21st centuries, there has been limited immigration to Iran from Turkey, [[Iraqis in Iran|Iraq]] (especially huge numbers during the 1970s known as [[Moaved]]s), [[Afghans in Iran|Afghanistan]] (mostly arriving as refugees in 1978), [[Lebanese people in Iran|Lebanon]] (especially in [[Qom province|Qom]], though a Lebanese community has been present in the nation for centuries), [[Indians in Iran|India]] (mostly arriving temporarily during the 1950s to 1970s, typically working as doctors, engineers, and teachers), [[Koreans in Iran|Korea]] (mostly in the 1970s as labour migrants), [[Chinese people in Iran|China]] (mostly since the 2000s working in engineering or business projects), and [[Pakistanis in Iran|Pakistan]], partly due to labour migrants and partly to [[Baloch people|Balochi]] ties across the Iranian-Pakistani border. About 200,000 [[Iraqis in Iran|Iraqis]] arrived as refugees in 2003,{{Citation needed|date=November 2016}} mostly living in refugee camps near the border; an unknown number of these has since returned to Iraq. Over the same period, there has also been substantial emigration from Iran, especially since the [[Iranian revolution]] (see [[Iranian diaspora]], [[Human capital flight from Iran]], [[Jewish exodus from Iran]]), especially to the [[Iranian American|United States]], [[Iranian Canadian|Canada]], [[Iranians in Germany|Germany]], [[Iranian Jews in Israel|Israel]], and [[Swedish Iranians|Sweden]]. ====Refugee population==== {{See also|Foreign relations of Iran}} Iran hosts one of the largest [[refugee]] population in the world, with more than one million refugees, mostly from [[Afghan refugees|Afghanistan]] (80%) and [[Iraq]] (10%). Since 2006, Iranian officials have been working with the [[UNHCR]] and Afghan officials for their [[repatriation]].<ref name="bbcb">{{cite web |url=http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html |title=Tripartite meeting on returns to Afghanistan |publisher=[[United Nations High Commission for Refugees]] |access-date=14 April 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181003213837/http://www.unhcr.org/news/NEWS/452b78394.html |archive-date=3 October 2018 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite web |url=http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top |title=Migration Information Source – Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home |publisher=Migrationinformation.org |access-date=4 December 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215052030/http://migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424#top |archive-date=15 February 2014 |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 1979 and 1997, UNHCR spent more than US$1 billion on Afghan refugees in Pakistan but only $150 million on those in Iran. In 1999, the [[Iranian government]] estimated the cost of maintaining its refugee population at US$10 million per day, compared with the US$18 million UNHCR allocated for all of its operations in Iran in 1999.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> As of 2016, some 300,000 [[work permit]]s have been issued for foreign nationals in Iran.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/56277/300k-foreigners-have-work-permits|title=300K Foreigners Have Work Permits|date=26 December 2016|access-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105083313/https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-domestic-economy/56277/300k-foreigners-have-work-permits|archive-date=5 January 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref> ===Emigration=== {{Main article|Iranian citizens abroad}} The term "Iranian citizens abroad" or " [[Iranian diaspora|Iranian/Persian diaspora]]" refers to the [[Iranian peoples|Iranian people]] and their children born in [[Iran]] but living outside of Iran. Migrant Iranian workers abroad remitted less than two billion dollars home in 2006.<ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1386/2971/html/economy.htm Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 10/22/07<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071025021531/http://www.iran-daily.com/1386/2971/html/economy.htm |date=25 October 2007 }}</ref> As of 2010, there are about four to five million [[Iranians (citizens of Iran)|Iranians]] living abroad, mostly in the United States, Canada, [[Europe]], [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf|Persian Gulf States]], [[Turkey]], Australia and the broader [[Middle East]].<ref name="migrationinformation.org"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2004/3/C65survey405A-8FE9-AAD51173BD66.html|title=Iran: Coping with the World's Highest Rate of Brain Drain|work=RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty}}{{Dead link|date=November 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> According to the 2000 Census and other independent surveys, there are an estimated 1 million [[Iranian-Americans]] living in the U.S., in particular, the [[Los Angeles]] area is estimated to be host to approximately 72,000 Iranians, earning the [[Westwood, Los Angeles, California|Westwood]] area of LA the nickname [[Tehrangeles]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/12/iran.elections.voting/ | publisher=CNN| title=Iranian-Americans cast ballots on Iran's future | access-date=1 May 2010 | date=16 June 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090817071324/http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/12/iran.elections.voting/ | archive-date=17 August 2009 | url-status=live }}</ref> Other metropolises that have large Iranian populations include [[Dubai]] with 300,000 Iranians, [[Vancouver]], [[London]], [[Toronto]], [[San Francisco Bay Area]], [[Washington D.C.]], [[Buenos Aires]], [[Mexico City]], [[Stockholm]], [[Berlin]], [[Hamburg]] and [[Frankfurt]]. Their combined [[net worth]] is estimated to be $1.3 trillion.<ref>[http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2781/html/economy.htm Iran Daily – Domestic Economy – 02/14/07<!-- Bot generated title -->] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070306024755/http://www.iran-daily.com/1385/2781/html/economy.htm |date=6 March 2007 }}</ref> Note that this differs from the other [[Iranian peoples]] living in other areas of [[Greater Iran]], who are of related ethnolinguistical family, speaking languages belonging to the [[Iranian languages]] which is a branch of [[Indo-European languages]]. ==People of Iranian ancestry== {{See also|Greater Iran}} ===Tats (Caucasus)=== {{Main article|Tats (Caucasus)}} The "Tats" are an [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] people, presently living within [[Azerbaijan]] and Russia (mainly Southern [[Dagestan]]). The Tats are part of the indigenous peoples of [[Iranian peoples|Iranian origin]] in the Caucasus.<ref>{{cite book |doi=10.4324/9780203217696 |title=Islam in Post-Soviet Russia |date=2003 |isbn=978-1-134-43187-8 |editor-last1=Pilkington |editor-last2=Yemelianova |editor-first1=Hilary |editor-first2=Galina |page=27 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Khanam |first1=R. |title=Encyclopaedic Ethnography of Middle-East and Central Asia |date=2005 |publisher=Global Vision Publishing House |isbn=978-81-8220-065-4 |page=746 |quote=The contemporary Tats are the descendants of an Iranian-speaking population sent out of Persia by the dynasty of the Sasanids in the fifth to sixth centuries. }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Masti︠u︡gina |first1=T. M. |last2=Perepelkin |first2=Lev |title=An Ethnic History of Russia: Pre-Revolutionary Times to the Present |date=1996 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-0-313-29315-3 |page=80 }}</ref> Tats use the [[Tat language (Caucasus)|Tat language]], a [[Southwestern Iranian languages|southwestern Iranian language]] and a variety of [[Persian language|Persian]]<ref name="Gernot Windfuhr 1979. pg 4">{{cite book |doi=10.1515/9783110800425 |title=Persian Grammar |date=1979 |last1=Windfuhr |first1=Gernot L. |isbn=978-90-279-7774-8 |page=4 |quote=Tat- Persian spoken in the East Caucasus }}</ref><ref name="ReferenceB">V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38.</ref><ref name="ReferenceC">V. Minorsky, "Tat" in M. Th. Houtsma et al., eds., The Encyclopædia of Islam: A Dictionary of the Geography, Ethnography and Biography of the Muhammadan Peoples, 4 vols. and Suppl., Leiden: Late E.J. Brill and London: Luzac, 1913–38. Excerpt: Like most Persian dialects, Tati is not very regular in its characteristic features"</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kerslake |first1=C. |title=Turkic-Iranian Contact Areas: Historical and Linguistic Aspects * Edited by LARS JOHANSON and CHRISTIANE BULUT |journal=Journal of Islamic Studies |date=January 2010 |volume=21 |issue=1 |pages=147–151 |doi=10.1093/jis/etp078 |quote=It is a comparison of the verbal systems of three varieties of Persian—standard Persian, tat, tajik }}</ref><ref name="Borjian, Habib pp. 243-258">{{cite journal |last1=Borjian |first1=Habib |title=Tabari Language Materials from Il'ya Berezin's Recherches sur les dialectes persans |journal=Iran and the Caucasus |date=2006 |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=243–258 |doi=10.1163/157338406780346005 |quote=It embraces Gilani, Ta- lysh, Tabari, Kurdish, Gabri, and the Tati Persian of the Caucasus, all but the last belonging to the north-western group of Iranian language. }}</ref> [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] and [[Russian language|Russian]] are also spoken. Tats are mainly [[Shia]] Muslims, with a significant [[Sunni]] [[Muslim]] minority. Likely the ancestors of modern Tats settled in South Caucasus when the [[Sassanid Empire]] from the 3rd to 7th centuries built cities and founded military garrisons to strengthen their positions in this region.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Minorsky |first1=Vladimir |authorlink1=V. Minorsky |title=فصول من تأريخ الباب وشروان |trans-title=A history of Sharvān and Darband in the 10th-11th centuries |language=ar |date=1958 |publisher=Heffer |oclc=583581811 }}{{page needed|date=November 2024}}</ref> ===Parsis=== {{Main article|Parsis}} The Parsis are the close-knit [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]] community based primarily in India but also found in [[Pakistan]]. Parsis are descended from [[Persian Empire|Persian]] Zoroastrians who emigrated to the Indian subcontinent over 1,000 years ago. [[Census#India|Indian census]] data (2001) records 69,601 Parsis in India, with a concentration in and around the city of [[Mumbai]] (previously known as Bombay). There are approximately 8,000 Parsis elsewhere on the subcontinent, with an estimated 2,500 Parsis in the city of [[Karachi]] and approximately 50 Parsi families in Sri Lanka. The number of Parsis worldwide is estimated to be fewer than 100,000.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Eliade |first1=Mircea |title=Images and Symbols: Studies in Religious Symbolism |date=1991 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-02068-6 |page=254 }}</ref> ===Iranis=== {{Main article|Iranian peoples}} In Pakistan and India, the term "Irani" has come to denote [[Iranian peoples|Iranian]] [[Zoroastrianism|Zoroastrian]]s who have migrated to Pakistan and India within the last two centuries, as opposed to most [[Parsis]] who arrived in India over 1000 years ago. Many of them moved during the [[Qajar dynasty|Qajar]] era, when persecution of Iranian Zoroastrians was rampant. They are culturally and linguistically closer to the [[Zoroastrians in Iran|Zoroastrians of Iran]]. Unlike the [[Parsis]], they speak a [[Dari (Zoroastrian)|Dari]] dialect, the language spoken by the Iranian Zoroastrians in [[Yazd]] and [[Kerman]]. Their last names often resemble modern Iranian names, however Irani is a common surname among them. In India they are mostly located in modern-day [[Mumbai]] while in Pakistan they are mostly located in modern-day [[Karachi]]. In both Pakistan and India, they are famous for their restaurants and tea-houses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/5/12134 |title=What sets Zoroastrian Iranis apart – Persian Journal Culture Archaeological History Art Archaeology cultural history news & Iranian culture newspaper |access-date=27 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219092207/http://www.iranian.ws/cgi-bin/iran_news/exec/view.cgi/5/12134 |archive-date=19 December 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Some, such as [[Ardeshir Irani]], have also become very famous in cinema. ===Ajam (Bahrain)=== {{Main article|Ajam (Bahrain)}} The "Ajam" are an ethnic community of Bahrain, of Iranian origin. They have traditionally been merchants living in specific quarters of [[Manama]] and [[Muharraq]]. The Iranians who adhere to [[Shiite]] sect of Islam are [[Ajam]], and they are different from the [[Huwala]]. Ajams are also a large percentage of the populace in UAE, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman. In addition to this, many names of ancient villages in Bahrain are of Persian origin. It is believed that these names were given during the [[Safavid]] rule of Bahrain (1501–1722). i.e. Karbabad, Salmabad, Karzakan, Duraz, Barbar, which indicates that the history of Ajams is much older. ===Huwala=== {{Main article|Huwala}} Huwala are the descendants of [[Persian people|Persians]] and [[Arab-Persians]] who belong to the [[Sunni]] sect of [[Islam]].<ref name=mig>{{cite web |url=https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/730/1/Taqi10.pdf |title=Two ethnicities, three generations: Phonological variation and change in Kuwait |work=[[Newcastle University]] |year=2010 |page=11 |access-date=12 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131019130212/https://theses.ncl.ac.uk/dspace/bitstream/10443/730/1/Taqi10.pdf |archive-date=19 October 2013 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Huwala migrated from [[Ahvaz]] in Iran to the [[Persian Gulf]] in the seventeenth and eighteenth century.<ref name=mig /><ref name="roxane">{{cite book | last = Farmanfarmaian | first = Roxane | title = War and Peace in Qajar Persia | publisher = Routledge | year = 2008 | pages = 128 |isbn = 978-0415421195 }}</ref> {{Immigration to Iran}} ==See also== {{Portal|Iran|Society}} *[[Culture of Iran]] *[[Economy of Iran]] *[[Education in Iran]] *[[Ethnic groups in West Asia]] *[[Health care in Iran]] **[[Family planning in Iran]] *[[Human rights in Iran]] *[[Human capital flight from Iran]] *[[Immigration to Iran]] *[[Iranian names]] *[[Social class in Iran]] *[[Women in Iran]] *[[List of Iranians]] *[[Ethnic-based discrimination in Iran]] ==References== {{Reflist}} ==External links== {{commons category}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141226020501/http://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=133 Statistical Center of Iran] *[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/06/iran_maps/html/default.stm BBC – Iran in Maps] – Map of Iranian ethnic groups & population density *[http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=424 Iran: A Vast Diaspora Abroad and Millions of Refugees at Home] – Migration Information Institute (2006) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100529152454/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_IRN.html Human Development Report – 2009] ([[UNDP]] Iran's entry) {{Ethnic groups in Iran}} {{Immigration to Iran}} {{Asia in topic|Demographics of}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics of Iran}} [[Category:Demographics of Iran| ]]
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