Editing Demographics of Chad

{{Short description|none}}
{{More citations needed|date=February 2008}}{{Infobox place demographics|place=[[Chad]]|image=File:Chad single age population pyramid 2020.png|image_size=350|caption=Population pyramid of Chad in 2020|size_of_population=17,963,211 (2022 est.)|nation=Chadian|official=French, Arabic|age_0–14_years=47.43%|age_65_years=2.43%|growth=3.09% (2022 est.)|birth=40.45 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)|death=9.45 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)|net_migration=-0.13 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)|sr_at_birth=1.04 male(s)/female|sr_under_15=1.02 male(s)/female|sr_65_years_over=0.69 male(s)/female|total_mf_ratio=0.98 male(s)/female (2022 est.)|infant_mortality=65.48 deaths/1,000 live births|life=53.00 years|life_male=51.30 years|life_female=54.77 years|fertility=5.46 children born/woman (2022 est.)}}[[Image:Chad-demography.png|thumb|right|Demographics of Chad, Data of [[Our World in Data]], year 2022; Number of inhabitants in millions.]]
The people of [[Chad]] speak more than 100 languages and divide themselves into many ethnic groups. However, language and ethnicity are not the same. Moreover, neither element can be tied to a particular physical type.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.indexmundi.com/chad/demographics_profile.html|title=Chad Demographics Profile 2016|work=indexmundi.com|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

Although the possession of a common language shows that its speakers have lived together and have a common history, peoples also change languages. This is particularly so in Chad, where the openness of the terrain, marginal rainfall, frequent drought and famine, and low population densities have encouraged physical and linguistic mobility. Slave raids among{{specify|date=May 2020}} non-Muslim peoples, internal slave trade, and exports of captives northward from the ninth to the twentieth centuries also have resulted in language changes.

Anthropologists view ethnicity as being more than genetics. Like language, ethnicity implies a shared heritage, partly economic, where people of the same ethnic group may share a livelihood, and partly social, taking the form of shared ways of doing things and organizing relations among individuals and groups. Ethnicity also involves a cultural component made up of shared values and a common worldview. Like language, ethnicity is not immutable. Shared ways of doing things change over time and alter a group's perception of its own identity.

Not only do the social aspects of ethnic identity change but the biological composition (or gene pool) also may change over time. Although most ethnic groups emphasize intermarriage, people are often proscribed from seeking partners among close relatives—a prohibition that promotes biological variation. In all groups, the departure of some individuals or groups and the integration of others also changes the biological component.

The Chadian government has avoided official recognition of ethnicity. With the exception of a few surveys conducted shortly after independence, little data were available on this important aspect of Chadian society. Nonetheless, ethnic identity was a significant component of life in Chad.

The peoples of Chad carry significant ancestry from [[East Africa|Eastern]], [[Central Africa|Central]], [[West Africa|Western]], and [[North Africa|Northern Africa]].<ref name="Sc1"/>

Chad's languages fall into ten major groups, each of which belongs to either the
[[Nilo-Saharan]], [[Afro-Asiatic]], or [[Niger–Congo]] language family. These represent three of the four major language families in Africa; only the [[Khoisan]] languages of southern Africa are not represented. The presence of such different languages suggests that the [[Lake Chad Basin]] may have been an important point of dispersal in ancient times.

==Population==
According to {{UN_Population|source}} the total population was {{UN_Population|Chad}} in {{UN_Population|Year}}, compared to only 2 429 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 45.4%, 51.7% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 2.9% was 65 years or the country is projected to have a population of 34 millions peoples in 2050 and 61 millions peoples in 2100
.<ref name="WPP 2010">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision]</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!rowspan=2|Year
!rowspan=2|Total population
!colspan=3|Population percentage in age bracket
|-
!aged 0–14
!aged 15–64
!aged 65+
|-
| 1950
|2 429 000
|{{percentage bar|37.8}}
|{{percentage bar|57.8}}
|{{percentage bar|4.4}}
|-
| 1955
|2 671 000
|{{percentage bar|39.1}}
|{{percentage bar|56.8}}
|{{percentage bar|4.1}}
|-
| 1960
|2 954 000
|{{percentage bar|40.3}}
|{{percentage bar|55.9}}
|{{percentage bar|3.8}}
|-
| 1965
|3 289 000
|{{percentage bar|41.5}}
|{{percentage bar|54.7}}
|{{percentage bar|3.8}}
|-
| 1970
|3 656 000
|{{percentage bar|42.0}}
|{{percentage bar|54.2}}
|{{percentage bar|3.8}}
|-
| 1975
|4 114 000
|{{percentage bar|42.8}}
|{{percentage bar|53.4}}
|{{percentage bar|3.8}}
|-
| 1980
|4 554 000
|{{percentage bar|44.0}}
|{{percentage bar|52.3}}
|{{percentage bar|3.7}}
|-
| 1985
|5 151 000
|{{percentage bar|45.2}}
|{{percentage bar|51.2}}
|{{percentage bar|3.6}}
|-
| 1990
|6 011 000
|{{percentage bar|45.8}}
|{{percentage bar|50.7}}
|{{percentage bar|3.5}}
|-
| 1995
|6 998 000
|{{percentage bar|45.9}}
|{{percentage bar|50.8}}
|{{percentage bar|3.3}}
|-
| 2000
|8 222 000
|{{percentage bar|45.9}}
|{{percentage bar|51.0}}
|{{percentage bar|3.1}}
|-
| 2005
|9 786 000
|{{percentage bar|45.8}}
|{{percentage bar|51.2}}
|{{percentage bar|3.0}}
|-
| 2010
|11 227 000
|{{percentage bar|45.4}}
|{{percentage bar|51.7}}
|{{percentage bar|2.9}}
|}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 20.V.2009):<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2018/|title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Age Group
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80pt"|Female
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 5 452 483
| align="right" | 5 587 390
| align="right" | 11 039 873
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 1 129 693
| align="right" | 1 100 985
| align="right" | 2 230 678
| align="right" | 20.21
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 1 012 471
| align="right" | 987 297
| align="right" | 1 999 768
| align="right" | 18.11
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 700 015
| align="right" | 650 633
| align="right" | 1 350 648
| align="right" | 12.23
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 502 894
| align="right" | 557 494
| align="right" | 1 060 388
| align="right" | 9.61
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 382 122
| align="right" | 482 768
| align="right" | 864 890
| align="right" | 7.83
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 320 063
| align="right" | 433 622
| align="right" | 753 685
| align="right" | 6.83
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 277 322
| align="right" | 335 402
| align="right" | 612 724
| align="right" | 5.55
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 241 971
| align="right" | 260 515
| align="right" | 502 485
| align="right" | 4.55
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 215 887
| align="right" | 214 181
| align="right" | 430 068
| align="right" | 3.90
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 163 952
| align="right" | 139 357
| align="right" | 303 308
| align="right" | 2.75
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 147 725
| align="right" | 133 019
| align="right" | 280 744
| align="right" | 2.54
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 84 938
| align="right" | 62 817
| align="right" | 147 755
| align="right" | 1.34
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 92 696
| align="right" | 85 024 
| align="right" | 177 720
| align="right" | 1.61
|-
| align="right" | 65–69
| align="right" | 48 054
| align="right" | 37 398 
| align="right" | 85 452
| align="right" | 0.77
|-
| align="right" | 70–74
| align="right" | 56 059
| align="right" | 49 289
| align="right" | 105 348
| align="right" | 0.95
|-
| align="right" | 75–79
| align="right" | 24 148
| align="right" | 17 371
| align="right" | 41 518
| align="right" | 0.38
|-
| align="right" | 80–84
| align="right" | 24 947
| align="right" | 21 486
| align="right" | 46 433
| align="right" | 0.42
|-
| align="right" | 85–89
| align="right" | 9 086
| align="right" | 5 833
| align="right" | 14 919
| align="right" | 0.14
|-
| align="right" | 90–94
| align="right" | 6 852
| align="right" | 5 465
| align="right" | 12 317
| align="right" | 0.11
|-
| align="right" | 95–99
| align="right" | 5 113
| align="right" | 3 609
| align="right" | 8 722
| align="right" | 0.08
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 1 323
| align="right" | 1 200
| align="right" | 2 523
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
! width="50"|Age group 
! width="80pt"|Male
! width="80"|Female
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Percent
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 2 842 179
| align="right" | 2 738 915
| align="right" | 5 581 094
| align="right" | 50.55
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 2 429 569
| align="right" | 2 704 199
| align="right" | 5 133 768
| align="right" | 46.50
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 175 582
| align="right" | 141 651
| align="right" | 317 233
| align="right" | 2.87
|-
| align="right" | Unknown
| align="right" | 5 153
| align="right" | 2 625
| align="right" | 7 778
| align="right" | 0.07
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

==Vital statistics==
Registration of vital events is in Chad not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! 
! style="width:80pt;" |Population
! style="width:80pt;" |Live births per year
! style="width:80pt;" |Deaths per year
! style="width:80pt;" |Natural change per year
! style="width:80pt;" |CBR{{efn-lr|name=h}}
! style="width:80pt;" |CDR{{efn-lr|name=h}}
! style="width:80pt;" |NC{{efn-lr|name=h}}
! style="width:80pt;" |TFR{{efn-lr|name=h}}
! style="width:80pt;" |IMR{{efn-lr|name=h}}
! style="width:80pt;" |Life expectancy (years)
|-
|1950
|
|   117,000
|   70,000
|   47,000
|46.7
|27.8
|18.9
|style="color:red" |6.06
|197.6
|36.21
|-
|1951
|
|  119,000
|  72,000
|  47,000
|46.5
|28.1
|18.4
|6.07
|196.5
|36.34
|-
|1952
|
|  121,000
|  73,000
|  48,000
|46.4
|28.1
|18.3
|6.09
|194.4
|36.50
|-
|1953
|
|  123,000
|  74,000
|  49,000
|46.4
|27.9
|18.5
|6.11
|192.3
|36.84
|-
|1954
|
|  125,000
|  75,000
|  50,000
|46.3
|27.7
|18.5
|6.13
|190.3
|37.03
|-
|1955
|
|  127,000
|  76,000
|  51,000
|46.2
|27.6
|18.6
|6.15
|188.3
|37.21
|-
|1956
|
|  130,000
|  77,000
|  53,000
|46.1
|27.3
|18.8
|6.17
|186.3
|37.45
|-
|1957
|
|  132,000
|  78,000
|  54,000
|46.0
|27.1
|18.9
|6.19
|184.3
|37.66
|-
|1958
|
|  134,000
|  78,000
|  56,000
|45.9
|26.8
|19.1
|6.21
|182.3
|37.94
|-
|1959
|
|  136,000
|  79,000
|  57,000
|45.9
|26.5
|19.3
|6.23
|180.3
|38.19
|-
|1960
|
|  139,000
|  80,000
|  59,000
|45.7
|26.3
|19.4
|6.25
|178.4
|38.37
|-
|1961
|
|  141,000
|  80,000
|  61,000
|45.7
|26.0
|19.6
|6.27
|176.5
|38.63
|-
|1962
|
|  144,000
|  81,000
|  62,000
|45.6
|25.8
|19.8
|6.29
|174.6
|38.84
|-
|1963
|
|  146,000
|  82,000
|  64,000
|45.5
|25.6
|19.9
|6.30
|172.8
|39.07
|-
|1964
|
|  149,000
|  83,000
|  66,000
|45.4
|25.3
|20.2
|6.32
|171.0
|39.33
|-
|1965
|
|  152,000
|  85,000
|  67,000
|45.4
|25.4
|20.0
|6.34
|169.7
|39.12
|-
|1966
|
|  155,000
|  86,000
|  69,000
|45.4
|25.3
|20.2
|6.36
|166.8
|39.15
|-
|1967
|
|  158,000
|  87,000
|  71,000
|45.6
|25.0
|20.6
|6.39
|164.2
|39.48
|-
|1968
|
|  162,000
|  87,000
|  75,000
|45.8
|24.6
|21.2
|6.43
|161.3
|39.90
|-
|1969
|
|  166,000
|  88,000
|  79,000
|46.2
|24.3
|21.9
|6.48
|158.3
|40.27
|-
|1970
|
|  172,000
|  88,000
|  83,000
|46.7
|24.1
|22.6
|6.53
|155.2
|40.60
|-
|1971
|
|  177,000
|  92,000
|  85,000
|47.2
|24.4
|22.7
|6.58
|153.5
|40.19
|-
|1972
|
|  188,000
|  90,000
|  97,000
|49.0
|23.6
|25.4
|6.85
|149.1
|41.40
|-
|1973
|
|  192,000
|  92,000
|  100,000
|49.0
|23.5
|25.5
|6.87
|148.7
|41.78
|-
|1974
|
|  196,000
|  94,000
|  102,000
|48.8
|23.5
|25.4
|6.86
|147.8
|41.79
|-
|1975
|
|  200,000
|  96,000
|  104,000
|48.7
|23.4
|25.4
|6.88
|147.0
|41.87
|-
|1976
|
|  203,000
|  97,000
|  107,000
|48.6
|23.1
|25.5
|6.89
|145.5
|42.04
|-
|1977
|
|  206,000
|  98,000
|  109,000
|48.4
|22.9
|25.5
|6.90
|144.6
|42.26
|-
|1978
|
|  209,000
|  98,000
|  111,000
|48.2
|22.7
|25.5
|6.89
|143.6
|42.50
|-
|1979
|
|  212,000
|  99,000
|  113,000
|48.1
|22.4
|25.7
|6.91
|142.6
|42.81
|-
|1980
|
|  218,000
|  100,000
|  118,000
|48.2
|22.1
|26.1
|6.91
|141.4
|43.06
|-
|1981
|
|  205,000
|  97,000
|  108,000
|46.3
|21.9
|24.5
|6.94
|141.0
|43.31
|-
|1982
|
|  212,000
|  97,000
|  115,000
|46.9
|21.4
|25.5
|6.96
|139.5
|43.73
|-
|1983
|
|  242,000
|  102,000
|  140,000
|49.8
|21.1
|28.8
|6.98
|138.0
|44.18
|-
|1984
|
|  252,000
|  105,000
|  147,000
|50.4
|21.0
|29.4
|7.02
|136.2
|44.52
|-
|1985
|
|  245,000
|  103,000
|  142,000
|49.3
|20.7
|28.5
|7.04
|135.0
|45.05
|-
|1986
|
|  252,000
|  104,000
|  148,000
|49.4
|20.4
|28.9
|7.07
|132.1
|45.21
|-
|1987
|
|  268,000
|  116,000
|  153,000
|50.7
|21.8
|28.8
|7.11
|130.4
|42.80
|-
|1988
|
|  283,000
|  110,000
|  173,000
|51.7
|20.2
|31.5
|7.15
|128.9
|45.79
|-
|1989
|
|  295,000
|  114,000
|  182,000
|52.1
|20.1
|32.0
|7.19
|127.0
|45.88
|-
|1990
|
|  307,000
|  121,000
|  185,000
|52.4
|20.7
|31.6
|7.22
|125.3
|44.69
|-
|1991
|
|  312,000
|  120,000
|  192,000
|52.1
|20.0
|32.0
|7.26
|124.2
|45.94
|-
|1992
|
|  336,000
|  125,000
|  211,000
|53.3
|19.9
|33.4
|7.30
|122.5
|46.10
|-
|1993
|
|  349,000
|  129,000
|  221,000
|style="color:blue"|53.5
|19.7
|33.8
|style="color:blue"|7.34
|120.9
|46.32
|-
|1994
|
|  343,000
|  129,000
|  214,000
|52.1
|19.5
|32.5
|7.31
|119.6
|46.45
|-
|1995
|
|  355,000
|  131,000
|  224,000
|52.1
|19.2
|32.9
|7.29
|118.2
|46.71
|-
|1996
|
|  381,000
|  136,000
|  245,000
|53.0
|18.9
|style="color:blue"|34.0
|7.29
|117.0
|47.01
|-
|1997
|
|  390,000
|  139,000
|  251,000
|52.4
|18.7
|33.7
|7.27
|115.6
|47.22
|-
|1998
|
|  403,000
|  143,000
|  260,000
|52.2
|18.5
|33.7
|7.27
|114.0
|47.22
|-
|1999
|
|  413,000
|  146,000
|  267,000
|51.7
|18.3
|33.4
|7.26
|112.4
|47.37
|-
|2000
|
|  424,000
|  149,000
|  275,000
|51.3
|18.1
|33.2
|7.25
|110.7
|47.44
|-
|2001
|
|  436,000
|  151,000
|  285,000
|51.1
|17.7
|33.4
|7.23
|108.8
|47.85
|-
|2002
|
|  444,000
|  154,000
|  290,000
|50.3
|17.4
|32.9
|7.20
|106.8
|47.95
|-
|2003
|
|  457,000
|  157,000
|  300,000
|49.9
|17.1
|32.8
|7.18
|105.1
|48.21
|-
|2004
|
|  481,000
|  162,000
|  318,000
|50.3
|17.0
|33.3
|7.16
|103.4
|48.23
|-
|2005
|
|  503,000
|  168,000
|  335,000
|50.3
|16.8
|33.5
|7.13
|101.5
|48.31
|-
|2006
|
|  517,000
|  173,000
|  344,000
|49.9
|16.7
|33.2
|7.12
|99.7
|48.29
|-
|2007
|
|  533,000
|  175,000
|  359,000
|49.7
|16.3
|33.4
|7.09
|97.5
|48.75
|-
|2008
|
|  546,000
|  177,000
|  368,000
|49.2
|16.0
|33.2
|7.06
|95.4
|49.02
|-
|2009
|
|  562,000
|  181,000
|  381,000
|48.9
|15.8
|33.2
|7.02
|93.2
|49.20
|-
|2010
|
|  580,000
|  183,000
|  397,000
|48.8
|15.4
|33.3
|6.99
|91.1
|49.58
|-
|2011
|
|  595,000
|  185,000
|  410,000
|48.4
|15.1
|33.3
|6.95
|88.9
|50.01
|-
|2012
|
|  612,000
|  187,000
|  426,000
|48.0
|14.6
|33.4
|6.91
|86.6
|50.54
|-
|2013
|
|  626,000
|  190,000
|  437,000
|47.5
|14.4
|33.1
|6.84
|84.5
|50.78
|-
|2014
|
|  643,000
|  192,000
|  451,000
|47.0
|14.0
|33.0
|6.78
|82.6
|51.20
|-
|2015
|
|  657,000
|  194,000
|  463,000
|46.4
|13.7
|32.7
|6.71
|80.6
|51.59
|-
|2016
|
|  663,000
|  194,000
|  469,000
|45.5
|13.3
|32.2
|6.62
|78.5
|52.08
|-
|2017
|
|  676,000
|  197,000
|  479,000
|44.8
|13.0
|31.8
|6.54
|76.3
|52.31
|-
|2018
|
|  691,000
|  197,000
|  494,000
|44.4
|12.7
|31.7
|6.46
|74.2
|52.83
|-
|2019
|
|  714,000
|  200,000
|  514,000
|44.2
|12.4
|31.9
|6.41
|72.2
|53.26
|-
|2020
| 16,936
|  754,000
|  212,000
|  541,000
|43.8
|12.3
|31.4
|6.35
|70.1
|53.1
|-
|2021
| 17,514
|  772,000
|  217,000
|  555,000
|43.3
|12.2
|31.1
|6.26
|68.1
|53.1
|-
|2022
| 18,143
|  800,000
|  212,000
|  588,000
|43.4
|11.5
|31.9
|6.22
|66.1
|54.5
|-
|2023
| 18,768
|  819,000
|  213,000
|  606,000
|42.4
|11.0
|31.4
|6.12
|64.2
|55.1
|-
| colspan="10" style="font-size:smaller; text-align:left" | {{notelist-lr |refs=<ref name="h">'''CBR''' = crude birth rate (per 1000); '''CDR''' = crude death rate (per 1000); '''NC''' = natural change (per 1000); '''TFR''' = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); '''IMR''' = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</ref>}}
|}
Source: [[UN DESA]], World Population Prospects, 2022<ref>{{cite UN WPP|2022|rows=3461:3549|cols=X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI}}</ref>

{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 18.9,18.4,18.3,18.5,18.5,18.6,18.8,18.9,19.1,19.3,19.4,19.6,19.8,19.9,20.2,20.0,20.2,20.6,21.2,21.9,22.6,22.7,25.4,25.5,25.4,25.4,25.5,25.5,25.5,25.7,26.1,
24.5,25.5,28.8,29.4,28.5,28.9,28.8,31.5,32.0,31.6,32.0,33.4,33.8,32.5,32.9,34.0,33.7,33.7,33.4,33.2,33.4,32.9,32.8,33.3,33.5,33.2,33.4,33.2,33.2,33.3,33.3,33.4,33.1,33.0,32.7,32.2,31.8,31.7,31.9,31.4,30.9

| y1Title=Natural change (per 1000)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= ‰
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 197.6,196.5,194.4,192.3,190.3,188.3,186.3,184.3,182.3,180.3,178.4,176.5,174.6,172.8,171.0,169.7,166.8,164.2,161.3,158.3,155.2,153.5,149.1,148.7,147.8,147.0,
145.5,144.6,143.6,142.6,141.4,141.0,139.5,138.0,136.2,135.0,132.1,130.4,128.9,127.0,125.3,124.2,122.5,120.9,119.6,118.2,117.0,115.6,114.0,112.4,110.7,108.8,
106.8,105.1,103.4,101.5,99.7,97.5,95.4,93.2,91.1,88.9,86.6,84.5,82.6,80.6,78.5,76.3,74.2,72.2,70.2,68.2

| y1Title=Infant mortality (per 1000 live births)
}}
{{GraphChart
| width = 450
| height = 150
| xAxisTitle=years
| yAxisTitle= TFR
| yAxisMin=
| yGrid= 0,1
| xGrid= 10
| hAnnotatonsLine=
| hAnnotatonsLabel=
| legend=
| type = line
| x = 1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021

| y1= 6.06,6.07,6.09,6.11,6.13,6.15,6.17,6.19,6.21,6.23,6.25,6.27,6.29,6.30,6.32,6.34,6.36,6.39,6.43,6.48,6.53,6.58,6.85,6.87,6.86,6.88,6.89,6.90,6.89,6.91,6.91,
6.94,6.96,6.98,7.02,7.04,7.07,7.11,7.15,7.19,7.22,7.26,7.30,7.34,7.31,7.29,7.29,7.27,7.27,7.26,7.25,7.23,7.20,7.18,7.16,7.13,7.12,7.09,7.06,7.02,6.99,6.95,6.91,
6.84,6.78,6.71,6.62,6.54,6.46,6.41,6.35,6.26

| y1Title=Total Fertility Rate
}}

===Demographic and Health Surveys===
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):<ref>{{cite web|url=http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=3&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=|title=MEASURE DHS: Demographic and Health Surveys|work=worldbank.org|access-date=18 January 2017}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2| Year
! colspan=2| Total
! colspan=2| Urban
! colspan=2| Rural
|-
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
! CBR !! TFR
|-
| 1996–97
| style="text-align:right;"| 47,8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,6 (6,3)
| style="text-align:right;"| 44,4
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,1 (5,7)
| style="text-align:right;"| 48,8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,8 (6,5)
|-
| 2004
| style="text-align:right;"| 44,6
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,3 (6,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 41,8
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,7 (5,5)
| style="text-align:right;"| 45,3
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,5 (6,2)
|-
| 2014–15
| style="text-align:right;"| 40,5
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,4 (6,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 36,0
| style="text-align:right;"| 5,4 (5,1)
| style="text-align:right;"| 41,8
| style="text-align:right;"| 6,8 (6,5)
|-
|}

Fertility data as of 2014-2015 (DHS Program):<ref>{{Cite web |title=Enquête Démographique et de Santé et à Indicateurs Multiples au Tchad |url=http://dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR317/FR317.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161020123942/http://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/FR317/FR317.pdf |archive-date=2016-10-20 |url-status=live |access-date=24 October 2022 |website=The DHS Program |language=fr}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! style="width:100pt;"| Region
! style="width:100pt;"| Total fertility rate
! style="width:100pt;"| Percentage of women age 15-49 currently pregnant
! style="width:100pt;"| Mean number of children ever born to women age 40–49
|-
|[[Batha (region)|Batha]]|| 7.3 || 12.2 || 8.3
|-
|[[Borkou (region of Chad)|Borkou]], [[Tibesti Region|Tibesti]]|| 5.3 || 9.6 || 6.4
|-
|[[Chari-Baguirmi (region)|Chari Baguirmi]]|| 6.6 || 16.1 || 7.7
|-
|[[Guéra (region)|Guéra]]|| 6.7 || 14.6 || 8.4
|-
|[[Hadjer-Lamis (region)|Hadjer-Lamis]]|| 6.8 || 14.5 || 8.4
|-
|[[Kanem (region)|Kanem]]|| 6.0 || 14.8 || 7.1
|-
|[[Lac (region)|Lac]]|| 5.4 || 14.7 || 7.9
|-
|[[Logone Occidental (region)|Logone Occidental]]|| 6.4 || 12.7 || 7.6
|-
|[[Logone Oriental (region)|Logone Oriental]]|| 7.6 || 12.7 || 8.3
|-
|[[Mandoul Region|Mandoul]]|| 6.5 || 12.7 || 7.7
|-
|[[Mayo-Kebbi Est|Mayo Kebbi Est]]|| 6.7 || 15.0 || 7.3
|-
|[[Mayo-Kebbi Ouest Region|Mayo Kebbi Ouest]]|| 7.5 || 13.8 || 7.9
|-
|[[Moyen-Chari (region)|Moyen Chari]]|| 5.5 || 12.6 || 6.8
|-
|[[Ouaddaï Region|Ouaddaï]]|| 6.1 || 13.1 || 7.1
|-
|[[Salamat (region)|Salamat]]|| 6.5 || 19.7 || 8.0
|-
|[[Tandjilé (region)|Tandjilé]]|| 7.1 || 13.1 || 8.0
|-
|[[Wadi Fira (region)|Wadi Fira]]|| 5.9 || 12.2 || 6.5
|-
|[[N'Djamena|N’Djaména]]|| 5.2 || 9.4 || 6.5
|-
|[[Bahr el Gazel (region of Chad)|Barh El Gazal]]|| 5.6 || 14.5 || 7.1
|-
|[[Ennedi-Est (region)|Ennedi Est]], [[Ennedi-Ouest (region)|Ennedi Ouest]]|| 5.0 || 13.4 || 6.3
|-
|[[Sila Region|Sila]]|| 6.7 || 19.6 || 7.7
|}

==Ethnic groups==
{{main|Ethnic groups in Chad}}
[[File:Chadian delegation.jpg|thumb|A tribal delegation in Chad]]
[[File:Crowd in Chad.jpg|thumb|People of Chad]]
The peoples of Chad carry significant ancestry from [[East Africa|Eastern]], [[Central Africa|Central]], [[West Africa|Western]], and [[North Africa|Northern Africa]].<ref name="Sc1">{{Cite journal|date=2016-12-01|title=Chad Genetic Diversity Reveals an African History Marked by Multiple Holocene Eurasian Migrations|journal=The American Journal of Human Genetics|language=en|volume=99|issue=6|pages=1316–1324|doi=10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.10.012|issn=0002-9297|pmc=5142112|last1=Haber|first1=Marc|last2=Mezzavilla|first2=Massimo|last3=Bergström|first3=Anders|last4=Prado-Martinez|first4=Javier|last5=Hallast|first5=Pille|last6=Saif-Ali|first6=Riyadh|last7=Al-Habori|first7=Molham|last8=Dedoussis|first8=George|last9=Zeggini|first9=Eleftheria|last10=Blue-Smith|first10=Jason|last11=Wells|first11=R. Spencer|last12=Xue|first12=Yali|last13=Zalloua|first13=Pierre A.|last14=Tyler-Smith|first14=Chris|pmid=27889059}}</ref> 
:200 distinct groups
*In the north and center: [[Arab people|Arabs]], [[Toubou people|Tubu]] ([[Daza people|Daza]], [[Teda people|Teda]]), [[Zaghawa people|Zaghawa]], [[Kanembu people|Kanembu]], [[Wadai Empire|Wadai]], [[Baguirmi people|Baguirmi]], [[Hadjarai peoples|Hadjarai]], [[Fula people|Fulani]], [[Kotoko kingdom|Kotoko]], [[Hausa people|Hausa]], [[Bulala]], and [[Maba people|Maba]], most of whom are Muslim
*In the south: [[Sara people|Sara]] (Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye), [[Mundang people|Mundang]], [[Mussei]], [[Massa (African Ethnic Group)|Massa]], most of whom are Christian or animist

==Languages==
{{main|Languages of Chad}}
:Arabic (official), French (official), [[Sara languages|Sara]] (in south), more than 120 languages and dialects

== Religion ==
{{main|Religion in Chad}}
The separation of religion from social structure in Chad represents a [[false dichotomy]], for they are perceived as two sides of the same coin. Three religious traditions coexist in Chad: [[traditional African religions]], [[Islam in Chad|Islam]], and [[Christianity in Chad|Christianity]]. None is monolithic. The first tradition includes a variety of ancestor and/or place-oriented religions whose expression is highly specific. Islam, although characterized by an orthodox set of beliefs and observances, also is expressed in diverse ways. Christianity arrived in Chad much more recently with the arrival of Europeans. Its followers are divided into [[Roman Catholicism in Chad|Roman Catholics]] and Protestants (including several denominations); as with Chadian Islam, Chadian Christianity retains aspects of pre-Christian religious belief.

The number of followers of each tradition in Chad is unknown. Estimates made in 1962 suggested that 35 percent of Chadians practiced classical African religions, 55 percent were [[Islam|Muslims]], and 10 percent were [[Christianity|Christians]]. In the 1970s and 1980s, this distribution undoubtedly changed. Observers report that Islam has spread among the [[Hadjarai peoples]] and other non-Muslim populations of the Saharan and sahelian zones. However, the proportion of Muslims may have fallen, because the birthrate among the followers of traditional religions and Christians in southern Chad is thought to be higher than that among Muslims. In addition, the upheavals since the mid-1970s have resulted in the departure of some missionaries; whether or not Chadian Christians have been numerous enough and sufficiently organized to attract more converts since that time is unknown.

==Notes==
{{Commons category|Demographics of Chad}}
{{reflist}}

==References==
*{{cite web|title="U.S. Census Bureau." Census Bureau Home Page|url=https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country.php|website=census.gov|date=29 January 2010|access-date=6 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131010085703/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country.php|archive-date=10 October 2013|url-status=dead}}

'''Attribution:'''
{{CIA World Factbook|year=2006}}

{{Ethnic groups in Chad}}
{{Africa in topic|Demographics of}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Chad}}
[[Category:Demographics of Chad| ]]
[[Category:Society of Chad]]