Editing Deimos (deity)

{{Short description|Personification of fear in Greek mythology}}
{{Infobox deity
| parents = [[Ares]] and [[Aphrodite]]
| siblings = [[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]], [[Harmonia (mythology)|Harmonia]]
| type = Greek
| deity_of = Personification of fear
}}
{{Greek myth (personified)}}

In [[Greek mythology]], '''Deimos''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|aɪ|m|ɒ|s}} ({{langx|grc|Δεῖμος||fear}}<ref>Beekes, s.v. δεῖμα, pp. 309&ndash;10.</ref> {{IPA|el|dêːmos|pron}}) is the personification of fear.<ref>''Brill's New Pauly'', s.v. Deimos.</ref> He is the son of [[Ares]] and [[Aphrodite]], and the brother of [[Phobos (mythology)|Phobos]]. Deimos served to represent the feelings of dread and terror that befell those before a battle, while Phobos personified feelings of fear and panic in the midst of battle.

== Genealogy ==
In [[Hesiod]]'s ''[[Theogony]]'', Deimos is the son of [[Ares]] and Cytherea ([[Aphrodite]]), and the sibling of [[Phobos (deity)|Phobos]] and [[Harmonia]].<ref>Gantz, p. 80; [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]],'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D901 933].</ref> According to the Greek antiquarian Semus of [[Delos]], Deimos is the father of the monster [[Scylla]].<ref>''Brill's New Pauly'', s.v. Deimos; ''[[FGrHist]]'' 396 F22.</ref>

== Mythology ==
Deimos mainly appears in an assistant role to his father, who causes disorder in armies.{{cn|date=August 2023}} In the ''[[Iliad]]'', he accompanied his father, Ares, into battle with the Goddess of Discord, [[Eris (mythology)|Eris]], and his brother [[Phobos (deity)|Phobos]] (fear).<ref>[[Homer]], ''[[Iliad]]'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0134%3Abook%3D4%3Acard%3D401 4.436]</ref> In the ''[[Shield of Heracles|Shield of Herakles]]'', Phobos and Deimos accompany Ares into battle and remove him from the field once [[Heracles|Herakles injures him]].<ref>Hesiod, ''[[Shield of Heracles]]'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0128%3Acard%3D443 460]</ref> The poet [[Antimachus of Colophon|Antimachus]], in a misrepresentation of Homer's account, portrays Deimos and Phobos as the horses of Ares.<ref>Matthews, p. 150.</ref> In [[Nonnus]]' ''Dionysiaca'', [[Zeus]] arms Phobos with lightning and Deimos with thunder to frighten [[Typhon]].<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''Dionysiaca,'' 2.414</ref> Later in the work, Phobos and Deimos act as Ares' charioteers to battle [[Dionysus]] during his war against the Indians.<ref>Nonnus, ''Dionysiaca'', 29.364</ref>

==Namesake==
In 1877, the American [[astronomer]] [[Asaph Hall]] discovered the two satellites of the planet [[Mars]]. Hall named the two moons [[Phobos (moon)|Phobos]] and [[Deimos (moon)|Deimos]]. Deimos is the smaller of the two satellites.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hall|first=A|date=1878|title=Names of the Satellites of Mars|journal=Astronomische Nachrichten|volume=92|issue=3|pages=47–48|doi=10.1002/asna.18780920304|bibcode=1878AN.....92...47H|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1424709}}</ref>

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [[Robert S. P. Beekes|Beekes, Robert S. P.]], ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', 2 vols, Leiden, [[Brill Publishing|Brill]], 2009. {{ISBN|978-90-04-17418-4}}.
* ''[[Brill’s New Pauly]]: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Antiquity, Volume 4'', Cyr-Epy, editors: Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider, [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], 2004. {{ISBN|978-90-04-12267-3}}. [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/browse/brill-s-new-pauly Online version at Brill].
* [[Timothy Gantz|Gantz, Timothy]], ''Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources'', Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, Two volumes: {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5360-9}} (Vol. 1), {{ISBN|978-0-8018-5362-3}} (Vol. 2).
* [[Hesiod]], ''Shield of Heracles'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by [[Hugh Evelyn-White|Hugh G. Evelyn-White]], Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0128 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0127 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Hesiod]], ''Theogony'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0129 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Homer]], [[Iliad|''The Iliad'']] with an English Translation by A.T. Murray, Ph.D. in two volumes. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. {{ISBN|978-0674995796|}}. [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0134 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
* Matthews, V. J., ''Antimachus of Colophon'', [[Brill Publishers|Brill]], 1995. {{ISBN|978-90-04-10468-6}}. [https://brill.com/display/title/2384 Online version at Brill].

{{Greek religion}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}

{{Authority control}}
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[[Category:Greek gods]]
[[Category:Greek war deities]]
[[Category:Children of Aphrodite]]
[[Category:Children of Ares]]
[[Category:Personifications in Greek mythology]]