Editing Deadwood, South Dakota

{{Use American English|date=January 2025}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Deadwood, South Dakota
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|native_name              = ''{{lang|lkt|Owáyasuta}}''
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = 
<!-- Images --------------->
|image_skyline            = Deadwood today.jpg
|imagesize                = 275px
|image_caption            = Modern Deadwood viewed from [[Mount Moriah Cemetery (South Dakota)|Mount Moriah]]
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               = 
<!-- Maps ----------------->
|image_map                = Lawrence_County_South_Dakota_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Deadwood_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location in [[Lawrence County, South Dakota|Lawrence County]] and the state of [[South Dakota]]
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
<!-- Location ------------->
|subdivision_type         = Country
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[South Dakota]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in South Dakota|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Lawrence County, South Dakota|Lawrence]]
<!-- Government ----------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = City Commission
|leader_title             = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name              = David R. Ruth Jr.
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = Founded
|established_date         = April 1876
|established_title1       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date1        = February 22, 1881<ref>{{cite web|title=SD Towns|publisher=[[South Dakota State Historical Society]]|access-date=February 11, 2010|url=http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210030454/http://history.sd.gov/Archives/forms/exhibits/SD%20Towns.pdf|archive-date=February 10, 2010}}</ref>
<!-- Area ----------------->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023">{{cite web|title=2023 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2023_Gazetteer/2023_gaz_place_46.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 12.767
|area_land_km2            = 12.767
|area_water_km2           = 0.000
|area_total_sq_mi         = 4.929
|area_land_sq_mi          = 4.929
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.000
<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_est           = 1343
|pop_est_as_of            = 2023
|pop_est_footnotes        = <ref name="USCensusEst2023"/>
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
|population_total         = 1156
|population_density_km2   = 105.2
|population_density_sq_mi = 272.0
<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
|utc_offset               = –7
|timezone_DST             = MDT
|utc_offset_DST           = –6
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_m              = 1437
|elevation_ft             = 4715
|coordinates              = {{coord|44|23|13|N|103|43|15|W|region:US-SD_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP Code]]
|postal_code              = 57732
|area_code                = [[Area code 605|605]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 46-15700
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1267350<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1267350}}</ref>
|blank2_name              = [[Sales tax]]
|blank2_info              = 6.2%<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.avalara.com/taxrates/en/state-rates/south-dakota/cities/deadwood.html|title=Deadwood (SD) sales tax rate|access-date=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|https://www.cityofdeadwood.com/|cityofdeadwood.com}}
|footnotes                = {{Infobox NRHP|embed=yes |name=Deadwood Historic District |nrhp_type=nhl |architect= |architecture=[[Neoclassical architecture|Neoclassical]], [[Victorian architecture|Late Victorian]] |added=October 15, 1966 |designated_nrhp_type= |refnum=66000716<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|version=2013a}}</ref>}}
}}

'''Deadwood''' ([[Lakota language|Lakota]]: ''Owáyasuta'';<ref>{{Cite book |last=Ullrich |first=Jan F. |url=http://www.lakotadictionary.org/nldo.php |title=New Lakota Dictionary |publisher=Lakota Language Consortium |year=2014 |isbn=978-0-9761082-9-0 |edition=2nd |location=Bloomington, IN |access-date=February 12, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161018034145/http://www.lakotadictionary.org/nldo.php |archive-date=October 18, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=June 2023}} "To approve or confirm things") is a city that serves as the [[county seat]] of [[Lawrence County, South Dakota]], United States. It was named by early settlers after the dead trees found in its [[gulch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Discover the History of the Real Deadwood, South Dakota |url=http://www.deadwood.org/history/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150607075239/http://www.deadwood.org/history/ |archive-date=June 7, 2015 |access-date=January 18, 2014 |publisher=deadwood.org}}</ref> The city had its heyday from 1876 to 1879, after gold deposits had been discovered there, leading to the [[Black Hills Gold Rush]]. At its height, the city had a population of 25,000,<ref name="Siouxland Heritage Museums">{{Cite book |title=Deadshot in Deadwood: Pettigrew Visits the Black Hills |publisher=Siouxland Heritage Museums |others=Reprint of: The Sunshine State Magazine |year=2002 |location=Sioux Falls, SD |page=7 |orig-year=March, 1926}}</ref> attracting [[Old West]] figures such as [[Wyatt Earp]], [[Calamity Jane]], [[Seth Bullock]] and [[Wild Bill Hickok]] (who was killed there).

The entire town has been designated as a [[National Historic Landmark District]], for its well-preserved Gold Rush-era architecture. The town has five unique history museums that are operated by Deadwood History, inc., a non-profit organization. Deadwood's proximity to [[Lead, South Dakota|Lead]] often prompts the two towns being collectively named "Lead-Deadwood".

The population was 1,156 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref name="2020 Census (City)">{{cite web|title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Deadwood_city,_South_Dakota?g=160XX00US4615700 |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=August 17, 2024}}</ref> and according to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 1,343.<ref name="USCensusEst2023"/>

==History==
===19th century===
The settlement of Deadwood began illegally in the 1870s, on land which had been granted to the [[Lakota people]] in the 1868 [[Treaty of Fort Laramie (1868)|Treaty of Fort Laramie]]. The treaty had guaranteed ownership of the [[Black Hills]] to the Lakota people, who consider this area to be sacred. The settlers' [[squatting]] led to numerous land disputes, several of which reached the [[United States Supreme Court]].

[[File:Deadwood13.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Deadwood in 1876]]
Everything changed after Lieutenant Colonel [[George Armstrong Custer]] was ordered to lead an expedition into the Black Hills and announced the discovery of gold in 1874, on French Creek near present-day [[Custer, South Dakota]]. This announcement was a catalyst for the [[Black Hills Gold Rush]], and miners and entrepreneurs swept into the area. They created the new and lawless town of Deadwood, which quickly reached a population of approximately 5,000. By 1877, about 12,000 people settled in Deadwood,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Deadwood: Topics in Chronicling America |url=https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-deadwood |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210503200225/https://guides.loc.gov/chronicling-america-deadwood |archive-date=May 3, 2021 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |website=guides.loc.gov}}</ref> while other sources put the peak number even at 25,000 in 1876.<ref name="Siouxland Heritage Museums" />

In early 1876, frontiersman [[Charlie Utter]] and his brother Steve led to Deadwood a [[wagon train]] containing what they believed were needed commodities, to bolster business. The town's numerous gamblers and prostitutes staffed several profitable ventures. [[Eleanor Dumont|Madame Mustache]] and Dirty Em were on the wagon train, and set up shop in what was referred to as Deadwood Gulch.<ref name="South Dakota Legends">{{Cite web |date=2003 |title=The Painted Ladies of Deadwood Gulch |url=http://www.legendsofamerica.com/sd-deadwoodpaintedladies.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151020105215/http://www.legendsofamerica.com/sd-deadwoodpaintedladies.html |archive-date=October 20, 2015 |access-date=October 18, 2015 |website=Legends of America}}</ref> Women were in high demand by the miners, and the business of prostitution proved to have a good market. Madam [[Dora DuFran]] eventually became the most profitable [[brothel]] owner in Deadwood, closely followed by Madam [[Mollie Johnson]].

[[File:Cyark Deadwood Hickock.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Possible location of the original saloon where Wild Bill Hickok was killed, 624 Main Street, Deadwood]]
Deadwood became known for its lawlessness; murders were common, and justice for murders not always fair and impartial.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Seth Bullock – Infamous Deadwood {{!}} Deadwood, South Dakota |url=https://www.deadwood.com/history/infamous-deadwood/seth-bullock/ |access-date=October 15, 2023 |website=Deadwood |language=en}}</ref>  The town attained further notoriety when gunman [[Wild Bill Hickok]] was killed on August 2, 1876. Both he and [[Calamity Jane]] were buried at [[Mount Moriah Cemetery (South Dakota)|Mount Moriah Cemetery]], as well as other notable figures such as [[Seth Bullock]].

Hickok's murderer, [[Jack McCall]], was prosecuted twice, despite the U.S. Constitution's prohibition against [[double jeopardy]]. Because Deadwood was an illegal town in [[Indian Territory]], non-native civil authorities lacked the jurisdiction to prosecute McCall. McCall's trial was moved to a [[Dakota Territory]] court, where he was found guilty of murder and hanged.

Beginning August 12, 1876, a [[smallpox]] epidemic swept through. So many people fell ill that tents were erected to [[quarantine]] the stricken.

In 1876, [[George Crook|General George Crook]] pursued the [[Sioux Indians]] from the [[Battle of Little Big Horn]], on an expedition that ended in Deadwood in early September, known as the [[Horsemeat March]]. The same month, businessman Tom Miller opened the [[Bella Union Saloon]].

On April 7, 1877, [[Al Swearengen]], who controlled Deadwood's [[opium]] trade, also opened a saloon; his was called the [[Gem Theater (Deadwood, South Dakota)|Gem Variety Theater]]. The saloon burned down and was rebuilt in 1879. When it burned down again in 1899, Swearengen left town.

As the economy changed from gold panning to deep mining, the individual miners went elsewhere or began to work in other fields. Hence Deadwood lost some of its rough and rowdy character, and began to develop into a prosperous town.

The [[Homestake Mine (South Dakota)|Homestake Mine]] in nearby [[Lead, South Dakota|Lead]] was established in October 1877. It operated for more than a century, becoming the longest continuously operating gold mine in the United States. Gold mining operations did not cease until 2002. The mine has been open for visiting by tourists.

On September 26, 1879, a fire devastated Deadwood, destroying more than 300 buildings and consuming the belongings of many inhabitants. Many of the newly impoverished left town to start again elsewhere.

In 1879, [[Thomas Edison]] demonstrated the first successful incandescent lamp in [[New Jersey]], and on September 17, 1883, Judge Squire P. Romans took a gamble and founded the "Pilcher Electric Light Company of Deadwood". He ordered an Edison dynamo, wiring, and 15 [[incandescent light bulb|incandescent lights]] with globes. After delays, the equipment arrived without the globes. Romans had been advertising an event to show off the new lights and decided to continue with the lighting, which was a success. His company grew. Deadwood had electricity service less than four years after Edison commercialized it, less than a year after commercial service was started in [[Roselle, New Jersey]], and around the same time that many larger cities around the country established the service.<ref name="Electricity in Deadwood">{{Cite web |title=Illuminating The Frontier |url=https://www.blackhillscorp.com/sites/default/files/bhc-ilwe-ch1.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222104437/https://www.blackhillscorp.com/sites/default/files/bhc-ilwe-ch1.pdf |archive-date=December 22, 2015 |access-date=October 11, 2015 |website=blackhillscorp |pages=1–20}}</ref>

[[File:Deadwood, South Dakota-LCCN2008678262.jpg|thumb|Deadwood in 1900]]
In 1888, J.K.P. Miller and his associates founded a [[narrow-gauge railway|narrow-gauge railroad]], the [[Deadwood Central Railroad]], to serve their mining interests.  In 1893, [[Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad]] purchased the railroad. In 1902, a portion of the railroad between Deadwood and [[Lead, South Dakota|Lead]] was [[railway electrification|electrified]] for operation as an [[interurban]] passenger system, which operated until 1924. In 1930, the railroad was abandoned, apart from a portion from [[Kirk, South Dakota|Kirk]] to [[Fantail Junction, South Dakota|Fantail Junction]], which was converted to [[standard gauge]]. In 1984, [[Burlington Northern Railroad]] abandoned the remaining section.<ref>{{Hilton Narrow Gauge}}</ref>

Some of the other early town residents and frequent visitors included [[Martha Bullock]], Aaron Dunn, [[E. B. Farnum]], [[Samuel Fields]], [[A. W. Merrick]], [[Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy]], [[Reverend]] [[Henry Weston Smith]], [[Sol Star]], and [[Charlie Utter|Charlie and Steve Utter]].

===Chinatown===
{{main|Chinatown, Deadwood, South Dakota}}
The gold rush attracted Chinese immigrants to the area; their population peaked at 250.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Chinese |url=http://deadwood.govoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7BCDB0704A-757E-47EE-8ADB-7345C637CE19%7D |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120603123907/http://deadwood.govoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC=%7BCDB0704A-757E-47EE-8ADB-7345C637CE19%7D |archive-date=June 3, 2012 |access-date=November 15, 2010 |website=City of Deadwood}}</ref> A few engaged in mining; most worked in service enterprises. A [[Historic Chinatown in Deadwood, South Dakota|Chinese quarter]] arose on Main Street, as there were no restrictions on foreign property ownership in Dakota Territory, and a relatively high level of tolerance of different peoples existed in the frontier town.  Wong Fee Lee arrived in Deadwood in 1876 and became a leading merchant. He was a community leader among the Chinese Americans until his death in 1921.<ref name="Wong2009">{{Cite journal |last=Wong, Edith C. |display-authors=et al |date=2009 |title=Deadwood's Pioneer Merchant |journal=South Dakota History |volume=39 |pages=283–335 |issn=0361-8676 |number=4}}</ref>

The quarter's residents also included African Americans and European Americans.<ref>{{Cite book |last=David J. Wishart |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rtRFyFO4hpEC&q=Chinatown&pg=PA165 |title=Encyclopedia of the Great Plains |publisher=[[University of Nebraska]] Press |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8032-4787-1 |pages=140, 141 |author-link=David J. Wishart}}</ref> During the 2000s, the state sponsored an archeological dig in the area, to study the history of this community of diverse residents.<ref>{{Cite magazine |title=Where East Met (Wild) West |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Where_East_Met_Wild_West.html |url-status=live |magazine=[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100821103733/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history-archaeology/Where_East_Met_Wild_West.html |archive-date=August 21, 2010 |access-date=November 13, 2010}}</ref>

===20th and 21st centuries===
Another major fire in September 1959 nearly destroyed the town again. About {{convert|4,500|acre|ha}} were burned and an evacuation order was issued. Nearly 3,600 volunteer and professional [[firefighter]]s, including personnel from the [[Homestake Mine (South Dakota)|Homestake Mine]], [[Ellsworth Air Force Base]], and the [[South Dakota National Guard]]'s 109th Engineer Battalion, worked to contain the fire. The property losses resulted in a major regional economic downturn.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Historic Wildfire in the Black Hills – Deadwood 1959 |url=http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/pdf/blackhills.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081207173259/http://www.nfpa.org/assets/files/PDF/blackhills.pdf |archive-date=December 7, 2008 |access-date=July 26, 2009 |publisher=[[National Fire Protection Association]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=August 16, 2007 |title=National Guard engineers end 77 years in Sturgis |url=http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/local/top-stories/national-guard-engineers-end-years-in-sturgis/article_28c826af-7c66-51a1-9d50-88ba861f69e9.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180404134707/http://rapidcityjournal.com/news/local/top-stories/national-guard-engineers-end-years-in-sturgis/article_28c826af-7c66-51a1-9d50-88ba861f69e9.html |archive-date=April 4, 2018 |access-date=August 21, 2014 |publisher=[[Rapid City Journal]]}}</ref>

In 1961, the entire town was designated a [[National Historic Landmark]], for its well-preserved collection of late 19th-century frontier architecture. Most of the town's buildings were built before 1900, with only modest subsequent development.<ref name="nhlnom">{{Cite web |title=NHL nomination for Deadwood Historic District |url={{NHLS url|66000716}} |access-date=April 26, 2017 |publisher=National Park Service}}</ref> The town's population continued to decline through the 1960s and 1970s.<ref name="rcj">{{Cite web |date=November 1, 2009 |title=Deadwood gambling spurred change, but the town's evolution continues |url=http://www.rapidcityjournal.com/news/article_573c9312-c585-11de-8182-001cc4c002e0.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091108152256/http://www.rapidcityjournal.com/news/article_573c9312-c585-11de-8182-001cc4c002e0.html |archive-date=November 8, 2009 |access-date=November 18, 2009 |publisher=[[Rapid City Journal]]}}</ref> [[Interstate 90]] bypassed Deadwood in 1964, diverting travelers and businesses. On May 21, 1980, a raid by county, state, and federal agents on the town's three remaining brothels—"The White Door", "Pam's Purple Door" and "Dixie's Green Door"—accomplished, as one reporter put it, "what Marshal Hickok never would have done",<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48929782/the-los-angeles-times/ "Reformers Stir Up an Old West Town"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606170518/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48929782/the-los-angeles-times/ |date=June 6, 2020}}, by William C. Rempel, ''Los Angeles Times'', July 20, 1980, p4</ref> and the houses of prostitution were padlocked.<ref name=rcj/>

A fire in December 1987 destroyed the historic Syndicate Building and a neighboring structure.<ref name=rcj/> The fire prompted renewed interest in the area and hopes for redevelopment. Organizers planned the "Deadwood Experiment," in which gambling was tested as a means to stimulate growth in the city center.<ref name=rcj/><ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Perret, Geoffrey |author-link=Geoffrey Perret |date=May 2005 |title=The Town That Took a Chance |url=http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2005/2/2005_2_54.shtml |url-status=dead |magazine=American Heritage |volume=56 |issue=2 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091004222755/http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2005/2/2005_2_54.shtml |archive-date=October 4, 2009}}</ref> At the time, gambling was legal only in the state of [[Nevada]] and in [[Atlantic City]].<ref name="usda">{{Cite web |title=Deadwood, South Dakota – Gambling, Historic Preservation, and Economic Revitalization |url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/rdp/rdp296/rdp296c.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100306172353/http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/rdp/rdp296/rdp296c.pdf |archive-date=March 6, 2010 |access-date=November 18, 2009 |publisher=[[USDA]]}}</ref>

[[File:DeadwoodSD Downtown.jpg|thumb|Downtown Deadwood in 2017]]
Deadwood was the first small community in the U.S. to seek legal gambling revenue to maintain local historic assets.<ref name=usda/> The state legislature legalized gambling in Deadwood in 1989, which generated significant new revenue and development.<ref name=nhl/> The pressure of development since then may have an effect on the historical integrity of the landmark district.<ref name="nhl">{{Cite web |title=National Historic Landmarks Program: Deadwood Historic District |url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=538&ResourceType=District |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080106150646/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=538&resourceType=District |archive-date=January 6, 2008 |access-date=January 10, 2008 |publisher=[[National Park Service]]}}</ref> Heritage tourism is important for Deadwood and the state.

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|4.929|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, all land.<ref name="CenPopGazetteer2023"/>

===Recreation===
In the summer, there are numerous trails for hiking, horseback riding, and mountain biking. The northern end of the [[George S. Mickelson Trail]] starts in Deadwood and runs south through the Black Hills to Edgemont. Several man made lakes, including [[Sheridan Lake (South Dakota)|Sheridan Lake]], provide fishing and swimming. [[Spearfish Canyon]] to the north has many places to rock climb. In early June, the Mickelson Trail Marathon and 5K, as well as accompanying races for children, are held.{{cn|date=August 2023}} During the winter, two ski areas operate just a few miles outside of nearby [[Lead, South Dakota|Lead]]: [[Terry Peak]] and [[Mystic Miner Ski Resort|Deer Mountain]].

The Midnight Star was a casino in Deadwood owned by American film actor [[Kevin Costner]]. The casino opened in the spring of 1991, after Costner had directed and starred in the Academy Award-winning film ''[[Dances With Wolves]]'' (1990), which was filmed mainly in [[South Dakota]]. The Midnight Star was a saloon which featured prominently in the previous western Costner had acted in, ''[[Silverado (film)|Silverado]]'' (1985), one of his first major roles.  International versions of many of his films' posters lined the walls. The casino closed in August 2017.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Griffith |first=Tom |title=Lights go out on Kevin Costner's Midnight Star in Deadwood |work=The Bismarck Tribune |publisher=Rapid City Journal |url=http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/lights-go-out-on-kevin-costner-s-midnight-star-in/article_b29268cd-9ed7-5ba9-9967-054e62d6bd40.html |url-status=live |access-date=August 31, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170831173613/http://bismarcktribune.com/news/state-and-regional/lights-go-out-on-kevin-costner-s-midnight-star-in/article_b29268cd-9ed7-5ba9-9967-054e62d6bd40.html |archive-date=August 31, 2017}}</ref>

===Climate===
Deadwood's climate varies considerably from the rest of the state and surrounding areas. While most of the state receives less than {{convert|25|in|mm|-1}} of precipitation per year, annual precipitation in the Lead—Deadwood area reaches nearly {{convert|30|in|mm}}. Despite a mean annual snowfall of {{convert|102.9|in|m|1}}, warm [[chinook wind]]s are frequent enough that the median snow cover is zero even in January, although during cold spells after big snowstorms there can be considerable snow on the ground. On November 6, 2008, after a storm had deposited {{convert|45.7|in|m|1}} of snow, with a water equivalent of {{convert|4.25|in|mm|}}, {{convert|35|in|m|1}} of snow lay on the ground.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NOW Data |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=unr |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200720142732/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=unr |archive-date=July 20, 2020 |access-date=July 26, 2020 |website=[[National Weather Service]] |location=Rapid City, South Dakota}}</ref>

Spring is brief, and is characterized by large wet snow storms and periods of rain. April 2006, although around {{convert|4|F-change|C-change|1}} hotter than the long-term mean overall, saw a major storm of {{convert|54.4|in|m|1}}, with a water equivalent {{convert|4.3|in|mm|0}}, and left a record snow depth of {{convert|39|in|m|0}} on the 19th. Typically the first {{convert|70|F}} temperature will be reached at the beginning of April, the first {{convert|80|F}} near the beginning of May, and the first {{convert|90|F}} around mid-June. Despite the fact that warm afternoons begin occasionally so early, 192.4 mornings each year fall to or below freezing, and even in May 8.8 mornings reach this temperature. Over the year, {{convert|0|F|C|1|disp=or}} is reached on 12.9 mornings per year, and 39.1 afternoons do not top freezing. The spring season sees heavy snow and rainfall, with {{convert|34|in|m|1}} of snow having fallen in April 1986 and as much as {{convert|15.99|in}} of precipitation in the record wet May 1982.

The summer season is very warm, although with cool nights: only 14.7 afternoons equal or exceed {{convert|90|F|C|1}}. Rainfall tapers off during the summer: August 2000 was one of only two months in the 30-year 1971 to 2000 period to see not even a trace of precipitation. The fall is usually sunny and dry, with increasingly variable temperatures.

{{Weather box
|location = Deadwood, South Dakota, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1909–2006
|single line = Yes

|Jan record high F = 65
|Feb record high F = 68
|Mar record high F = 78
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 94
|Jun record high F = 101
|Jul record high F = 103
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 101
|Oct record high F = 89
|Nov record high F = 75
|Dec record high F = 67

|Jan high F = 38.0
|Feb high F = 38.8
|Mar high F = 48.0
|Apr high F = 54.8
|May high F = 64.6
|Jun high F = 75.3
|Jul high F = 82.9
|Aug high F = 81.8
|Sep high F = 72.9
|Oct high F = 58.3
|Nov high F = 47.1
|Dec high F = 37.9
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 26.2
|Feb mean F = 26.5
|Mar mean F = 35.0
|Apr mean F = 42.3
|May mean F = 51.7
|Jun mean F = 62.2
|Jul mean F = 69.4
|Aug mean F = 67.7
|Sep mean F = 58.5
|Oct mean F = 44.8
|Nov mean F = 34.5
|Dec mean F = 26.2
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 14.4
|Feb low F = 14.2
|Mar low F = 21.9
|Apr low F = 29.8
|May low F = 38.9
|Jun low F = 49.1
|Jul low F = 55.8
|Aug low F = 53.6
|Sep low F = 44.1
|Oct low F = 31.4
|Nov low F = 21.9
|Dec low F = 14.5
|year low F =

|Jan record low F = -30
|Feb record low F = -29
|Mar record low F = -22
|Apr record low F = -6
|May record low F = 2
|Jun record low F = 23
|Jul record low F = 32
|Aug record low F = 27
|Sep record low F = 14
|Oct record low F = -7
|Nov record low F = -16
|Dec record low F = -29

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 1.35
|Feb precipitation inch = 1.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 1.72
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.55
|May precipitation inch = 5.04
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.77
|Jul precipitation inch = 2.72
|Aug precipitation inch = 2.18
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.06
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.36
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.38
|Dec precipitation inch = 1.43
|year precipitation inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 6.4
|Feb precipitation days = 6.3
|Mar precipitation days = 7.9
|Apr precipitation days = 9.1
|May precipitation days = 11.8
|Jun precipitation days = 11.7
|Jul precipitation days = 9.7
|Aug precipitation days = 6.7
|Sep precipitation days = 6.7
|Oct precipitation days = 6.4
|Nov precipitation days = 5.7
|Dec precipitation days = 6.4

|Jan snow inch = 12.3
|Feb snow inch = 13.2
|Mar snow inch = 18.2
|Apr snow inch = 19.8
|May snow inch = 1.2
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.9
|Oct snow inch = 4.6
|Nov snow inch = 15.3
|Dec snow inch = 15.7
|year snow inch =

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 5.9
|Feb snow days = 5.8
|Mar snow days = 6.0
|Apr snow days = 2.8
|May snow days = 0.4
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.4
|Oct snow days = 1.4
|Nov snow days = 3.9
|Dec snow days = 5.7

|source 1 = NOAA (precip/precip days, snow/snow days 1981&ndash;2010)<ref name = NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00392207&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Deadwood, SD (1991&ndash;2020)
|access-date = June 14, 2023
}}
</ref><ref name = NOAA2>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly&stations=USC00392207&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Deadwood, SD (1981&ndash;2010)
|access-date = June 14, 2023
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = XMACIS2<ref name = XMACIS2>
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = xmACIS2
|access-date = June 14, 2023
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 3777
|1890= 2366
|1900= 3408
|1910= 3653
|1920= 2403
|1930= 2559
|1940= 4100
|1950= 3288
|1960= 3045
|1970= 2409
|1980= 2035
|1990= 1830
|2000= 1380
|2010= 1270
|2020= 1156
|estyear=2023
|estimate=1343
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |date=August 17, 2024|title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 17, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref><br>2020 Census<ref name="2020 Census (City)"/>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Deadwood, South Dakota – Racial Composition'''<ref>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Deadwood city, South Dakota|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=Deadwood%20city,%20South%20Dakota&t=Race%20and%20Ethnicity&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2}}</ref><br>(NH = Non-Hispanic)<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|1,005
|86.9%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|1
|0.1%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|20
|1.7%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|7
|0.6%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|0
|0.0%
|-
|[[Some Other Race]] (NH)
|5
|0.4%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|69
|6.0%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|49
|4.2%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''1,156'''
|'''100.0%'''
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 1,156 people, and 627 households, and 284 families residing in the city.<ref>{{Cite web|title=US Census Bureau, Table P16: Household Type |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Deadwood%20city,%20South%20Dakota%20p16&y=2020 |access-date=August 17, 2024 |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref> The [[population density]] was {{convert|285.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 849 housing units. The racial makeup of the city was 88.8% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 2.2% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.6% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.0% [[Race (U.S. Census)|Pacific Islander]], 0.6% from [[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|some other races]] and 7.8% from [[Multiracial Americans|two or more races]]. [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] of any race were 4.2% of the population.<ref>{{Cite web|title=How many people live in Deadwood city, South Dakota |url=https://data.usatoday.com/census/total-population/total-population-change/deadwood-city-south-dakota/160-4615700/ |access-date=August 17, 2024 |publisher=USA Today}}</ref>

===2010 census===
As of the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], there were 1,270 people, 661 households, and 302 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was {{convert|331.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 803 housing units at an average density of {{convert|209.7|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 94.9% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.2% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.8% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.5% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.6% from [[Race (U.S. Census)|other races]], and 2.0% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.4% of the population.

There were 661 households, of which 17.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 33.4% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 54.3% were non-families. 44.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.88 and the average family size was 2.60.

The median age in the city was 48 years. 15% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 23.3% were from 25 to 44; 37.9% were from 45 to 64; and 17.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.5% male and 47.5% female.

===2000 census===
As of the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]], 1,380 people, 669 households, and 341 families resided in the city.  The population density was {{convert|365.4|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}.  There were 817 housing units at an average density of {{convert|216.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the city was 95.87% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 1.88% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.36% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.65% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.23% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 2.75% of the population. 29.8% were of [[germans|German]], 9.6% Irish, 9.5% English, 9.5% [[norwegians|Norwegian]] and 8.7% American ancestry.

There were 669 households, out of which 20.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.7% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.9% were non-families. 40.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.01 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 19.3% under the age of 18, 8.7% from 18 to 24, 27.3% from 25 to 44, 27.8% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.8 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.6 males.

As of 2000 the median income for a household in the city was $28,641, and the median income for a family was $37,132. Males had a median income of $28,920 versus $18,807 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,673.  About 6.9% of families and 10.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.4% of those under age 18 and 8.3% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
Almost all of Deadwood resides in [[Lead-Deadwood School District 40-1]]. The city territory extends into [[Spearfish School District 40-2]]<!--UNI 66930-->.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46081_lawrence/DC20SD_C46081.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Lawrence County, SD|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-09-27}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st46_sd/schooldistrict_maps/c46081_lawrence/DC20SD_C46081_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

==In popular culture==
* The [[Warner Bros.]] movie musical [[Calamity Jane (film)|''Calamity Jane'']] (1953), starring [[Doris Day]], was set in Deadwood City.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bradshaw |first=Peter |author-link=Peter Bradshaw |date=7 April 2016 |title=Calamity Jane review – hugely enjoyable proto-lesbian musical |work=[[The Guardian]] |publisher=[[Guardian News & Media Limited]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/07/calamity-jane-review-doris-day |url-status=live |access-date=March 27, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327165542/https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/apr/07/calamity-jane-review-doris-day |archive-date=March 27, 2019}}</ref>
* In 2006, a [[Deadwood (TV series)|TV series of the same name]] was produced on [[HBO]]. It starred [[Timothy Olyphant]] as Bullock and [[Ian McShane]] as Swearengen.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/02/14/050214fa_fact_singer#editorsnote |title=The Misfit |last=Singer |first=Mark |date=February 14, 2005 |access-date=February 19, 2024 |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |archive-date=January 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140109182506/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/02/14/050214fa_fact_singer#editorsnote |url-status=live }}</ref> The show was followed by ''[[Deadwood: The Movie]]'' in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://medium.com/hbo-cinemax-pr/hbo-films-deadwood-debuts-may-31-9a56e5d9036b|title=HBO Films' DEADWOOD Debuts May 31|last=HBO PR|date=March 21, 2019|website=Medium|access-date=February 19, 2024}}</ref>

==Notable people==
<!-- Before adding someone here, please make sure that you show that they are notable per [[WP:BIO]] (with either a wikilink or independent references) and that either a reference or referenced material in their Wikipedia Biography connects them to this town.  Please keep in alphabetical order by last name.  -->

===Gold rush period (born before 1870)===
{{div col}}
* [[Granville G. Bennett]] (1833–1910), lawyer and politician
* [[Martha Bullock]] (1851–1939), frontierswoman, Seth Bullock's wife
* [[Seth Bullock]] (1849–1919), sheriff, entrepreneur
* [[Calamity Jane|Calamity Jane (Martha Jane Canary)]] (1852–1903), frontierswoman
* [[William H. Clagett]] (1838–1901), lawyer and politician
* [[Richard Clarke (frontiersman)|Richard Clarke]] (1845–1930), frontiersman
* General [[George Crook]] (1828–1890), in 1876, pursued the [[Sioux Indians]] from the [[Battle of Little Big Horn]], on an expedition that ended in Deadwood in early September, known as the [[Horsemeat March]].
* [[Indiana Sopris Cushman]] (1839–1925), pioneer teacher in Colorado
* [[Charles Henry Dietrich]] (1853–1924), 11th [[Governor of Nebraska]]
* [[Dora DuFran]] (1868–1934), [[brothel]] owner in Deadwood
* [[Wyatt Earp]] (1848–1929), American investor and law enforcement officer
* [[E. B. Farnum]] (1826–1878), pioneer
* [[Samuel Fields]] supposed [[American Civil War|Civil War]] figure and prospector
* [[Arthur De Wint Foote]] (1849–1933), engineer
* [[Mary Hallock Foote]] (1847–1938), author and illustrator
* [[George Hearst]] (1820–1891), U.S. Senator from California
* [[Wild Bill Hickok]] (1837–1876), gambler and gunslinger
* [[Mollie Johnson]] (d. after 1883), [[Procuring (prostitution)|madam]] in Deadwood
* [[Freeman Knowles]] (1846–1910), politician
* [[Joseph Ladue]] (1855–1901), prospector, businessman, and founder of [[Dawson City, Yukon]]
* [[Jack Langrishe]] (1825–1895), actor
* [[Kitty Leroy]] (1850–1878), [[gambler]], trick shooter, and frontierswoman
* [[H. R. Locke]] (1856–1927), photographer
* [[Jack McCall]] (1852/1853 – March 1, 1877), also known as "Crooked Nose" or "Broken Nose Jack", gambler who murdered "Wild Bill" Hickok
* [[Valentine McGillycuddy]], surgeon
* [[A. W. Merrick]], journalist who published the first newspaper in Deadwood
* [[Madame Moustache]] (1834–1879), gambler
* [[Potato Creek Johnny]] ({{circa}} 1866–1943), gold prospector<ref name="funeral">{{cite news |title='Potato Creek Johnny' Joins Famed Pioneers Who Opened Up The West's Last Frontier |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-weekly-pioneer-times-potato-creek-j/154217352/ |access-date=August 29, 2024 |work=The Weekly Pioneer-Times |date=March 4, 1943 |page=1 |via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}</ref>
* Reverend [[Henry Weston Smith]] (1827–1876), early frontiersman and [[preacher]]
* [[Sol Star]], entrepreneur, politician<ref name="Dary2007">{{Cite book |last=Dary |first=David |title=True Tales of the Prairies and Plains |publisher=University Press of Kansas |year=2007 |isbn=978-0-7006-1518-6 |pages=117–120 |chapter=Who was Seth Bullock?}}</ref>
* [[William Randolph Steele]] (1842–1901), former resident, mayor of Deadwood, lawyer, soldier, and politician<ref>{{Cite web |title=STEELE, William Randolph |url=https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000840 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210510070956/https://bioguide.congress.gov/search/bio/S000840 |archive-date=May 10, 2021 |access-date=May 10, 2021 |website=Biographical Directory of the United States Congress}}</ref>
* [[Al Swearengen]] (1845–1904), entertainment entrepreneur<ref name="Griffith2009">{{Cite book |last=Griffith |first=T. D. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=d7G5CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA98 |title=Deadwood: The Best Writings On The Most Notorious Town In The West |date=December 8, 2009 |publisher=TwoDot |isbn=978-1-4617-4754-3 |pages=98–99}}</ref>
* [[Charlie Utter]] (c. 1838 – aft. 1912), frontiersman who, with his brother Steve, led a wagon train to and set up shop in Deadwood, where they ran an express delivery service<ref>{{Cite book |last=Straub |first=Patrick |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=msu8wbtt2J4C&q=charlie+utter&pg=PA31 |title=It Happened in South Dakota: Remarkable Events That Shaped History |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |year=2009 |isbn=9780762761715 |page=31 |language=en}}</ref>
{{div col end}}

===Later===
{{div col}}
* [[Jerry Bryant (historian)|Jerry Bryant]] (died 2015), historian
* [[Charles Badger Clark]] (1883–1957), poet
* [[Mary McLaughlin Craig]] (1889–1964), architect
* [[Rowland Crawford]] (1902–1973), architect
* [[Gary Mule Deer]] (b. 1939), comedian and country musician
* [[D. O. Dillavou]] (1936–1968), attorney and politician
* [[Amy Hill]] (b. 1953), Japanese-[[Finnish people|Finnish]]-American actress
* [[Carole Hillard]] (1936–2007), [[Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota]] 1995–2003
* [[Ward Lambert]] (1888–1958), college basketball coach
* [[William H. Parker (police officer)|William H. Parker]] (1905–1966), former police chief of Los Angeles
* [[Dorothy Provine]] (1935–2010), actress and dancer
* [[Craig Puki]], former [[linebacker]] for the [[San Francisco 49ers]] and [[Arizona Cardinals|St. Louis Cardinals]]
* [[Angelo Rizzuto]] (1906–1967), photographer
* [[Bill Russell (lyricist)|Bill Russell]] (b. 1949), [[lyricist]]
* [[Bob Schloredt]] (1939–2019), former college football player for the [[Washington Huskies football|Washington Huskies]]
* [[Jim Scott (pitcher)|Jim Scott]] (1888–1957), played with the [[Chicago White Sox]]
* [[Jeff Steitzer]] (b. 1951), voice actor
* [[Chuck Turbiville]] (1943–2018), mayor of Deadwood and member of the South Dakota House of Representatives
* [[Philip S. Van Cise]] (1884–1969), Colorado district attorney
* [[Alfred L. Werker]] (1896–1975), film director
* [[Cris Williamson]] (b. 1947), singer/musician
{{div col end}}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Deadwood 1876a.jpg|A photograph of Deadwood in 1876.
File:The Gem Theater.gif|The [[Gem Theater (Deadwood, South Dakota)|Gem Variety Theater]] in 1878
File:Grabill - Deadwood City Hall.jpg|City Hall in 1890, photograph by [[John C. H. Grabill]]
File:Deadwood birdseye circa 1890s.jpg|Deadwood, {{circa}} 1890s

</gallery>

==List of mayors of Deadwood, South Dakota==
Mayor McLaughlin called the first meeting of the Deadwood City Council to order on March 15, 1881.<ref>{{cite web|title=Former Mayors |url=https://www.cityofdeadwood.com/city-commission/page/former-mayors |website=cityofdeadwood.com |access-date=August 17, 2024}}</ref>

{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
* Daniel Joseph McLaughlin; 1881–1882
* Kirk Gunby Phillips; 1882–1883
* Col. William R. Steele; 1883–1884 & 1894–1896
* Solomon Star; 1893 & 1896–1900
* Henry B. Wardman; 1893–1894
* James M. Fish; 1900–1901
* George V. Ayres; 1901–1902
* Edward McDonald; 1902–1906
* William E. Adams; 1906, 1914 & 1920–1924 
* Nathan E. Franklin; 1914–1918
* Hobart S. Vincent; 1918–1920
* Dr. Frank Stewart Howe; 1924–1934 & 1936–1938
* Raymond L. Ewing; 1934–1936, 1938–1943 & 1952–1956
* Andrew B. Mattley; 1943–1948
* Edward H. Rypkema; 1948–1952
* Edward W. Keene; 1956–1962, 1964–1966 & 1978–1984
* Duayne W. Robley; 1962–1964
* Lloyd V. Fox; 1966–1968 & 1974–1976
* James E. Shea; 1968–1970
* Donald E. Ostby; 1970–1974
* Willard Pummel; 1976–1977
* Orville (French) Bryan; 1977–1978
* Thomas M. Blair; 1984–1989
* Bruce Oberlander; 1989–1995
* Barbara Allen; 1995–2001
* Francis Toscana; 2001–2013
* Charles (Chuck) Turbiville; 2013–2018
* David R. Ruth Jr.; 2018–present
{{div col end}}

==See also==
* [[List of cities in South Dakota]]

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Deadwood, South Dakota}}
{{wikivoyage|Deadwood}}
* {{Official website|www.cityofdeadwood.com}}
* [http://www.deadwood.com/ Deadwood Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.deadwoodhistorylink.com/ Deadwood Historic Preservation Commission]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111102160352/http://archive.cyark.org/deadwood-intro Deadwood Digital Media Archive] ([[creative commons]]-licensed photos, laser scans, panoramas), data from a [[DHPC]]/[[CyArk]] partnership
* [http://www.theadamsdeadwood.org/ Adams House and Museum] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124064758/http://www.theadamsdeadwood.org/ |date=November 24, 2020}}
* [http://enjoydeadwood.com/ Enjoy Deadwood South Dakota] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201204201228/http://enjoydeadwood.com/ |date=December 4, 2020}}
* {{Cite NSRW|wstitle=Deadwood, So. Dak.|short=x}}

{{Lawrence County, South Dakota}}
{{Wild West}}
{{Black Hills, South Dakota}}
{{South Dakota county seats}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Deadwood, South Dakota| ]]
[[Category:South Dakota folklore]]
[[Category:American frontier]]
[[Category:Black Hills]]
[[Category:Cities in South Dakota]]
[[Category:County seats in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Cities in Lawrence County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:National Historic Landmarks in South Dakota]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota]]
[[Category:National Register of Historic Places in Lawrence County, South Dakota]]
[[Category:1876 establishments in Dakota Territory]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1876]]
[[Category:Populated places on the National Register of Historic Places in South Dakota]]