Editing De jure

{{Italic title}}
{{Short description|Latin expression meaning 'from law'}}
{{Distinguish|Dejure Foundation|du jour}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2020}}

In [[law]] and [[government]], '''''de jure''''' ({{IPAc-en|d|eɪ|_|ˈ|dʒ|ʊər|i|,_|d|i|_|-|,_|-|_|ˈ|jʊər|-}}; {{IPA|la|deː ˈjuːre|lang}}; {{literal translation|from law}}) describes practices that are officially recognized by laws or other formal norms, regardless of whether the practice exists in reality. The phrase is often used in contrast with ''[[de facto]]'' ('from fact'), which describes situations that exist in reality, even if not formally recognized.<ref name="OxfordDF2">{{cite web|title=Definition of 'de facto' adjective from the Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary|url=http://www.OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com/definition/english/de-facto_2|publisher=Oxford University Press|website=OxfordLearnersDictionaries.com|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>

==Definition==
''De jure'' is a [[Latin]] expression composed of the words ''de'',("from, of") and ''jure'',("law", adjectival form of ''[[wikt:jus|jus]]''). Thus, it is descriptive of a structural argument or position derived "from law".<ref>{{Cite web |title=A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), JUS |url=https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0063:entry=jus-cn |access-date=2024-11-08 |website=www.perseus.tufts.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.Dictionary.com/browse/de-jure|title=de jure|publisher=Dictionary.com, LLC.|work=dictionary.com|access-date=11 July 2016}}</ref>

==Usage==
===Jurisprudence and ''de jure'' law===
{{see also|Unenforced law}}

In [[Law of the United States|U.S. law]], particularly after ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'' (1954), the difference between ''de facto'' [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] (that existed because of voluntary associations and neighborhoods) and ''de jure'' segregation (that existed because of local laws) became important distinctions for court-mandated remedial purposes.<ref name="AndersonByrne2004">{{cite book|author1=James Anderson|author2=Dara N. Byrne|title=The Unfinished Agenda of Brown V. Board of Education|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DQSryuTGxCcC&pg=PA55|date=29 April 2004|publisher=Diverse: Issues In Higher Education|isbn=978-0-471-64926-7|pages=55–}}</ref>

===Government and culture===
Between 1805 and 1914, the [[Muhammad Ali dynasty|ruling dynasty]] of [[Khedivate of Egypt|Egypt]] was subject to the rulers of the [[Ottoman Empire]] but acted as ''de facto'' independent rulers who maintained the [[polite fiction]] of Ottoman [[suzerainty]]. However, starting from around 1882, the rulers had only ''de jure'' rule over Egypt, as it had by then become a British [[puppet state]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Mak |first=Lanver |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cfJC1zLvBhQC&q=veiled%20protectorate&pg=PA10 |title=The British in Egypt: Community, Crime and Crises 1882–1922 |date=2012-03-15 |publisher=I.B.Tauris |isbn=9781848857094 |language=en}}</ref> Thus, by Ottoman law, Egypt was ''de jure'' a province of the Ottoman Empire, but ''de facto'' was part of the [[British Empire]].

===Borders===
The ''de jure'' borders of a country are defined by the area its government claims, but not necessarily controls. Modern examples include [[Taiwan]] (claimed but not controlled by [[China]])<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Fabry |first1=Mikulas |title=The Effect of ’One China’ Policies of Foreign States on the International Status of Taiwan |journal=Diplomacy & Statecraft |date=2 January 2024 |volume=35 |issue=1 |pages=90–115 |doi=10.1080/09592296.2024.2303855}}</ref> and [[Kashmir]] (claimed by [[Kashmir conflict|multiple countries]]).<ref>{{citation|last1=Osmańczyk|first1=Edmund Jan|title=Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements: G to M |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|year=2003|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-0-415-93922-5 |pages=1191–|access-date=18 December 2021|archive-date=17 January 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191|url-status=live}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Wiktionary}}
{{Portal|Law}}
*[[Implied repeal]]
*[[List of Latin phrases (D)]]
*[[Obrogation]]
*[[Unenforced law]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Latin legal terminology]]
[[Category:Latin words and phrases]]