Editing Darley Arabian

{{Short description|One of three dominant foundation sires}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox racehorse
| name      = Darley Arabian
| image     = Darley Arabian.jpg
| image_alt =
| caption   = The Darley Arabian stallion painting by [[John Wootton]]
| breed     = 
| sire      =
| grandsire = 
| dam       = 
| damsire   = 
| sex       = [[Stallion]]
| foaled    =  {{start date and age|1700}}
| country   = 
| colour    = [[Bay (horse)|Bay]]
| breeder   = 
| owner     = [[Thomas Darley]]
| racing_colours =  <!-- or | racing_colors = -->
| trainer   = 
| jockey    = 
| record    = 
| earnings  = 
| wins      = 
| awards    = [[Leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland]] (1722)
| honours   = 
| updated   =  
}}

The '''Darley Arabian''' ({{circa|1700|lk=yes}}–1730) was one of three dominant [[foundation bloodstock|foundation sires]] of modern [[Thoroughbred]] [[horse racing]] bloodstock. The other two founders were the [[Godolphin Arabian]] and the [[Byerley Turk]]. This bay [[Arabian horse]] was bought in [[Aleppo]], Syria, by [[Thomas Darley]] in 1704 and shipped to [[Aldby Park]] in England, as a present for his brother.{{sfn|Whyte|1840|p=79}} 

One author in 1840 described Darley Arabian's arrival in England during the reign of [[Anne, Queen of Great Britain|Queen Anne]] as the event which "forms the great [[epoch]] from which the history of the Turf ''[as in "[[Flat racing|turf racing]]"]'' should be dated".{{sfn|Whyte|1840|p=[https://books.google.com/books?id=WX87AAAAcAAJ&dq=%22Turf+should+be+dated%22&pg=PA71 71]}} 

There he stood at stud, usually private but sometimes open to outside mares. He was the [[leading sire in Great Britain and Ireland]] in 1722. By all accounts, the Darley Arabian stood about 15 hands high and was of substantial beauty and refinement.<ref name="Ahnert">Ahnert, Rainer L. (editor in chief), "Thoroughbred Breeding of the World", Pozdun Publishing, Germany, 1970</ref>

The Darley Arabian sired the undefeated [[Flying Childers]]. He also sired [[Bartlett's Childers]], an unraced brother of Flying Childers, who was the great-grandsire of the extremely influential [[Eclipse (horse)|Eclipse]]. The Darley Arabian was to become the most important sire in the history of the English Thoroughbred.<ref name="Ahnert"/> His son [[Bulle Rock]] was the first Thoroughbred to be exported to America, in 1730.<ref name=Barrett1995>{{cite book |title=The Daily Telegraph Chronicle of Horse Racing |editor-last=Barrett |editor-first=Norman |location=Enfield, Middlesex |publisher=Guinness Publishing |year=1995 }}</ref>

Most Thoroughbreds can be traced back to Darley Arabian. In 95% of modern Thoroughbred racehorses, the [[Y chromosome]] can be traced back to this single stallion.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00785.x| pmid = 11736806| title = Microsatellite diversity, pedigree relatedness and the contributions of founder lineages to thoroughbred horses| journal = Animal Genetics| volume = 32| issue = 6| pages = 360–364| year = 2001| last1 = Cunningham | first1 = E. P.| last2 = Dooley | first2 = J. J.| last3 = Splan | first3 = R. K.| last4 = Bradley | first4 = D. G.}}</ref><ref name="Superstud">{{cite news |url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn7941-95-of-thoroughbreds-linked-to-one-superstud/|title = 95% of thoroughbreds linked to one superstud|work = New Scientist|date = 6 September 2005}}</ref> This is mainly through his descendant, Eclipse, who is the direct male ancestor of 95% of all thoroughbreds and in the pedigree of many of the rest.<ref name="whos the daddy">{{cite news |url = https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/mar/04/horseracing.features|title = Who's the daddy of them all?|work = The Guardian|date = 4 March 2007}}</ref>

==Sire line tree==
{{cot|Descendants of the Darley Arabian (click to show)}}
{{tree list}}
*'''Darley Arabian'''<!--b. 1700--><ref name="Darley Arabian Line">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/SireLineschts/SireLineDA.html|title=Darley Arabian Line|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref><ref name="Darley Sirelines">{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/DarleyArabian.htm|title=Thoroughbred Bloodlines Sire Lines Darley Arabian|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/DarleyArabian.html|title=Portrait: Darley Arabian|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/DarleyArabian.htm|title=Biography: Darley Arabian|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref>
**Manica<!--b. 1707-->
***Stump<!--b. 1724-->
**Whistlejacket<!--b. 1707-->
**Cupid<!--b. 1710c-->
**Daedalus<!--b. 1710c-->
**Danger<!--b. 1710c-->
**Dart<!--b. 1710c-->
**Skipjack<!--b. 1710-->
***Quintin<!--b. 1720-->
***Croke<!--b. 1729-->
**[[Bulle Rock]]<!--b. 1709--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/DarleyArabian.htm#BulleRock Biography: Bulle Rock]</ref>
**Aleppo<!--b. 1711-->
***Hobgoblin<!--b. 1724--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresH.html#Hobgoblin Foundation Sire: Hobgoblin]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Hobgoblin.htm|title=Biography: Hobgoblin|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref>
****Phantom<!--b. 1737-->
****Trimmer<!--b. 1744-->
****Shakespeare<!--b. 1745--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Shakespeare Foundation Sire: Shakespeare]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Shakespeare.htm Biography: Shakespeare]</ref>
*****Pincher<!--b. 1765-->
***Scrutineer<!--b. 1732-->
***[[Spark (horse)|Spark]]<!--b. 1733--><ref name="Early S"/>
****Pacolet<!--b. 1750-->
**Brisk<!--b. 1711--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresB.html#Brisk Foundation Sire: Brisk]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/DarleyArabian.htm#Brisk Biography: Brisk]</ref>
***Foxhunter (Cole)<!--b. 1727-->
****Foxhunter (Chedworth)<!--b. 1750-->
**Almanzor<!--b. 1713-->
***Almanzor (Elstob)<!--b. 1725-->
***Almanzor (Fleetwood)<!--b. 1726-->
***Spinner<!--b. 1727-->
**Smockface<!--b. 1714-->
**[[Flying Childers|Childers (Flying)]]<!--b. 1715--><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/FlyingChilders.html|title=Portrait: Flying Childers|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/FlyingChilders.htm|title=Biography: Flying Childers|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref>
***Childers (Hampton Court)<!--b. 1727c--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Studbook/EarlyC.htm Studbook: Early C]</ref>
****Tantrum<!--b. 1760-->
***[[Blacklegs (horse)|Blacklegs]]<!--b. 1728-->
***Grey Childers (Chedworth)<!--b. 1729-->
***Plaistow<!--b. 1730-->
***Fleec'em<!--b. 1731-->
***Second<!--b. 1732--><ref name="Second">{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Second|title=Foundation Sire: Second|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios2/Bios-S/Second.htm|title=Biography: Second|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref>
****Merlin<!--b. 1748--><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresM.html#FCMerlin|title=Foundation Sire: Merlin|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref>
*****Young Merlin<!--b. 1757-->
*****Prospero<!--b. 1758-->
*****Petit Maitre<!--b. 1766-->
****Leedes<!--b. 1756-->
****Sharp<!--b. 1759-->
***Spanking Roger<!--b. 1732--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios2/Bios-S/SpankingRoger.htm Biography: Spanking Roger]</ref>
***[[Blaze (horse)|Blaze]]<!--b. 1733--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresB.html#Blaze Foundation Sire: Blaze]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/FlyingChilders.htm#Blaze Biography: Blaze]</ref>
****[[Sampson (racehorse)|Sampson]]<!--b. 1745--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Sampson Foundation Sire: Sampson]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Sampson.htm Biography: Sampson]</ref>
*****[[Engineer (horse)|Engineer]]<!--b. 1755--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresE.html#Engineer Foundation Sire: Engineer]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Sampson.htm#Engineer Biography: Engineer]</ref>
*****[[Bay Malton]]<!--b. 1760--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios2/BayMalton.htm Biography: Bay Malton]</ref><ref name="Whyte">[https://archive.org/details/historyofbritish00whyt/page/508/mode/2up?ref=ol&view=theater Whyte 1840]</ref>
*****Pilgrim<!--b. 1762-->
*****Treasurer<!--b. 1766--><ref name="Whyte"/>
*****Phocion<!--b. 1770--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/TurfHallmarks/racecharts/UK/DoncastCup.html Doncaster Cup Winners]</ref>
****Childers<!--b. 1746-->
****Grenadier<!--b. 1746-->
****Scrub<!--b. 1751-->
****[[Norfolk Trotter|Shales]]<!--b. 1755-->
*****[[Hackney horse|Scot Shales]]<!--b. 1762--><ref name="Hackney">[https://www.equinekingdom.com/breeds/light_horses/hackney_horse.htm Hackney Horse]</ref>
*****[[Hackney horse|Driver]]<!--b. 1765--><ref name="Hackney"/><ref>[https://harnessmuseum.com/content/hambletonian Harness Museum: Hambletonian]</ref><ref>[https://www.allbreedpedigree.com/bellfounder Pedigree: Bellfounder]</ref>
***Hip<!--b. 1733--><ref name="Second"/>
***Roundhead<!--b. 1733--><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresR.html#Roundhead|title=Thoroughbred Foundation Sire: Roundhead|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref>
****Roger of the Vale<!--b. 1741-->
****Stadtholder<!--b. 1742-->
****Joseph Andrews<!--b. 1743-->
***Steady<!--b. 1735-->
***Ball<!--b. 1736-->
***[[Snip (horse)|Snip]]<!--b. 1736--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Snip Foundation Sire: Snip]</ref>
****[[Snap (horse)|Snap]]<!--b. 1750--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#OldSnap Foundation Sire: Snap]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/SnapOld.htm Biography: Snap]</ref>
*****Snap (Hazard)<!--b. 1757-->
*****Omnium<!--b. 1758--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresO.html#Omnium Foundation Sire: Omnium]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Studbook/EarlyNO.htm Studbook: Early NO]</ref>
*****Snap (Latham)<!--b. 1759--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#LathamsSnap Foundation Sire: Snap (Latham)]</ref>
*****Lofty<!--b. 1760-->
*****Snap (Chedworth)<!--b. 1760--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#ChedworthSnap Foundation Sire: Snap (Chedworth)]</ref>
*****Mambruello<!--b. 1761--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Studbook/EarlyM.htm Studbook: Early M]</ref>
*****Snipe<!--b. 1762-->
*****Ancient Pistol<!--b. 1764--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresA.html#AncientPistol Foundation Sire: Ancient Pistol]</ref>
*****[[Goldfinder (horse)|Goldfinder]]<!--b. 1764--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresG.html#Goldfinder Foundation Sire: Goldfinder]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios2/Goldfinder.htm Biography: Goldfinder]</ref>
*****Juniper<!--b. 1767--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresJ.html#Juniper Foundation Sire: Juniper]</ref>
*****Scaramouch<!--b. 1768--><ref name="Early S">[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Studbook/EarlyS.htm Studbook: Early S]</ref>
*****Mexican<!--b. 1775-->
****Prince T'Quassaw<!--b. 1751--><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresP.html#PrinceTquassaw|title=Foundation Sire: Prince Tquassaw|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref>
*****Tickler<!--b. 1768-->
*****Hottentot<!--b. 1773-->
****Judgment<!--b. 1751-->
****Fribble<!--b. 1756-->
****Swiss<!--b. 1757-->
****Young Snip<!--b. 1757--><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#YSnip|title=Foundation Sire: Young Snip|website=www.tbheritage.com}}</ref>
*****Ferdinando<!--b. 1761-->
**Whitelegs<!--b. 1715-->
**[[Bartlett's Childers|Childers (Bartlett)]]<!--b. 1716--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresB.html#BartChilders Foundation Sire: Childers (Bartlett)]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/BartletsChilders.htm|title=Biography: Childers (Bartlett)|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref>
***Childers (Smales)<!--b. 1726--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#SmChilders Foundation Sire: Childers (Smales)]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/BartletsChilders.htm#ChildersSmales Biography: Childers (Smales)]</ref>
****Turpin<!--b. 1737-->
***Grey Childers (Portmore)<!--b. 1727-->
***Merry Andrew<!--b. 1730?-->
***[[Squirt (horse)|Squirt]]<!--b. 1732--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Squirt Foundation Sire: Squirt]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/BartletsChilders.htm#Squirt Biography: Squirt]</ref>
****[[Marske (horse)|Marske]]<!--b. 1750--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresM.html#Marske Foundation Sire: Marske]</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Marske.htm|title=Biography: Marske|website=www.bloodlines.net}}</ref><!--b. 1724-->
*****[[Eclipse (horse)|Eclipse]]<!--b. 1764--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/SireLineschts/SireLineDAEclipse.html Darley Arabian Sire Line: Eclipse Branch]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Sirelines/Eclipse.htm Sire Line: Eclipse]</ref><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/Eclipse.html Portrait: Eclipse]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Eclipse.htm Biography: Eclipse]</ref>
*****Transit<!--b. 1766--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Marske.htm#Transit Biography: Transit]</ref>
*****Hephestion<!--b. 1771-->
*****Mungo (Leviathan)<!--b. 1771-->
*****Narcissus<!--b. 1771-->
*****Pretender<!--b. 1771--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Marske.htm#Pretender Biography: Pretender]</ref>
*****Shark<!--b. 1771--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Shark Foundation Sire: Shark]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Shark.htm Biography: Shark]</ref>
*****[[Young Marske]]<!--b. 1771--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresM.html#YMarske Foundation Sire: Young Marske]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Marske.htm#YoungMarske Biography: Young Marske]</ref>
*****Garrick (Hyperion)<!--b. 1772--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Marske.htm#Garrick Biography: Garrick]</ref>
*****Pontac<!--b. 1772--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Marske.htm#Pontac Biography: Pontac]</ref>
*****Jocundo<!--b. 1777--><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Pot8os.htm Biography: Pot-8-Os]</ref>
****[[Syphon (horse)|Syphon]]<!--b. 1750--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Syphon Foundation Sire: Syphon]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/BartletsChilders.htm#Syphon Biography: Syphon]</ref>
*****Tippler<!--b. 1766-->
*****Daisy<!--b. 1767-->
*****Sweetwilliam<!--b. 1768--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#SweetWilliam Foundation Sire: Sweetwilliam]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Sweetwilliam.htm Biography: Sweetwilliam]</ref>
*****Tosspot<!--b. 1768-->
*****[[Sweetbriar (horse)|Sweetbriar]]<!--b. 1769--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresS.html#Sweetbriar Foundation Sire: Sweetbriar]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/Sweetbriar.htm Biography: Sweetbriar]</ref>
*****Tipsey<!--b. 1769-->
*****Enterprise<!--b. 1770-->
*****Pastor<!--b. 1770-->
*****Clown<!--b. 1772-->
*****Streamer<!--b. 1772-->
*****Tandem<!--b. 1773--><ref>[https://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/FoundationSires/FoundSiresT.html#Tandem Foundation Sire: Tandem]</ref><ref>[https://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/BartletsChilders.htm#Tandem Biography: Tandem]</ref>
*****Gallantry<!--b. 1775-->
****Tim<!--b. 1752-->
***Fig<!--b. 1733-->
**Wanton Willy<!--b. 1719-->
**Gander<!--b. 1720-->
{{tree list/end}}
{{cob}}

==See also==
* [[List of racehorses]]
* [[Phaéton (trotter horse)]]
* [[Kentucky Derby winners descended from the Darley Arabian]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Whyte |first=James Christie |title=History of the British turf, from the earliest period to the present day, Volume I |year=1840 |publisher=H. Colburn |location=[[London]] |ol=6544990M }}
*{{cite book |last=McGrath|first=Christopher |title=Mr Darley's Arabian: High Life, Low Life, Sporting Life |year=2016 |publisher=Hodder & Stoughton }}
* {{cite book|last=Church|first=Michael|title=Champion Sires 1722-2003|publisher=Raceform Ltd|year=2004|isbn=1-904317-82-0|pages=319}}

==External links==
* [http://www.tbheritage.com/Portraits/DarleyArabian.html Darley Arabian]
* [http://www.bloodlines.net/TB/Bios/DarleyArabian.htm Darley Arabian]
* [http://www.tbheritage.com/HistoricSires/SireLineschts/SireLineDA.html Thoroughbred Heritage: Darley Arabian Sire Line]
* [http://www.galopp-sieger.de/galoppsieger/stammtafel_html?startPferd=Darley%20ArabianDarley%20Ara&fart=&ftype=&tiefe=765&suchePferd=Darley%20&efil= Sire line for 15 generations]

[[Category:Arabian racehorses]]
[[Category:Individual Arabian and part-Arabian horses]]
[[Category:Horse racing]]
[[Category:Foundation horse sires]]
[[Category:1700 racehorse births]]