Editing Daphne

{{Short description|Figure in Greek mythology}}
{{About||the given name|Daphne (given name)|other uses|Daphne (disambiguation)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
<!-- This article has employed the BCE/CE convention since its inception. -->{{Infobox deity
| type = Greek
| image = Apollo and Daphne, fresco from Pompeii.jpg
| name = Daphne
| caption = Antique fresco of Apollo and Daphne from Pompeii, 1st century
| member_of = the [[Naiad]]s
| abode = [[Thessaly]] or [[Arcadia (region)|Arcadia]] or [[Laconia]]
| roman_equivalent = 
| children = 
| consort = 
| spouse = 
| deity_of = The Laurel [[Nymph]]
| other_names = 
| parents = (1) [[Peneus]] and [[Creusa (Naiad)|Creusa]]<br>(2) [[Ladon (river)#Mythology|Ladon]] and [[Gaia]]<br>(3) Ladon and Stymphalis<br>(4) [[Amyclas of Sparta|Amyclas]]
| siblings = (1) [[Menippe (mythology)|Menippe]], [[Stilbe]] and [[Hypseus]]<br>(2, 3) [[Metope (mythology)|Metope]]
}}

'''Daphne''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|f|n|i<!--per Longman, Lexico, etc.-->}}; {{respell|DAFF|nee}}; {{langx|grc|Δάφνη}}, {{transliteration|el|Dáphnē}}, {{lit|[[Laurus nobilis|laurel]]}}),<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]] has suggested a [[Pre-Greek]] proto-form *{{lang|mis|dak<sup>w</sup>-(n)-}}. ''Daphne'' is etymologically related to [[Latin]] {{wikt-lang|la|laurus}}, 'laurel tree' (''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, pp. 306–7).</ref> a figure in [[Greek mythology]], is a [[naiad]], a variety of female [[nymph]] associated with fountains, wells, springs, streams, brooks and other bodies of freshwater.

There are several versions of the myth in which she appears, but the general narrative, found in Greco-Roman mythology, is that due to a curse made by the fierce wrath of the god [[Eros|Cupid]], son of [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], on the god [[Apollo]] ([[Phoebus]]), she became the unwilling object of the infatuation of [[Apollo]], who chased her against her wishes. Just before being kissed by him, Daphne invoked her river god father, who transformed her into a laurel tree, thus foiling Apollo.

Thenceforth Apollo developed a special reverence for laurel. At the [[Pythian Games]], which were held every four years in [[Delphi]] in honour of Apollo, a [[wreath of laurel]] gathered from the [[Vale of Tempe]] in [[Thessaly]] was given as a prize. Hence it later became customary to award prizes in the form of laurel wreaths to victorious generals, athletes, poets and musicians, worn as a [[chaplet (headgear)|chaplet]] on the head. The [[Poet Laureate]] is a well-known modern example of such a prize-winner, dating from the early [[Renaissance]] in Italy. According to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]] the reason for this was "simply and solely because the prevailing tradition has it that Apollo fell in love with the daughter of Ladon (Daphne)".<ref>[[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+10.7.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Ladon 10.7.8]</ref> Most artistic depictions of the myth focus on the moment of Daphne's transformation.

== Family ==
Sources variously claim Daphne to have been a daughter of the (1) [[Ancient Thessaly|Thessalian]] river god [[Peneus]]<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#203 203]; [[Ovid]], ''[[Metamorphoses]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+1.452&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=River 1.452]</ref> by the [[nymph]] [[Creusa (Naiad)|Creusa]], or of (2) another [[Arcadia (region)|Arcadian]] river-deity [[Ladon (river)|Ladon]] (Orontes)<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.20.1&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Ladon 8.20.1] & [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+10.7.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Ladon 10.7.8]; [[Philostratus|Philostrarus]], ''[[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/223#1.16 1.16]; [[Statius]], ''[[Thebaid (Latin poem)|Thebaid]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/149#4.824 4.289]; [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#42.365 42.386]</ref> by [[Gaia|Ge]] (Earth)<ref>[[John Tzetzes|Tzetzes]] ad [[Lycophron]], [https://topostext.org/work/860#6 6]; [[Vatican Mythographer|First Vatican Mythographer]] 2.216</ref>{{AI-generated source|date=November 2024}} and Stymphalis,<ref>[[Scholia]]st on [[Pindar|Pindar's]] ''Olympian Odes'' 6.143</ref> or lastly, King [[Amyclas of Sparta|Amyclas]] of [[Amyclae]].<ref>[[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], ''Erotica Pathemata'' [https://topostext.org/work/550#15 15] citing Diodorus of Elaea, fr. & [[Phylarchus]], fr. as the sources</ref>
{{Greek deities (nymphs)}}

== Mythology ==
{{further|Apollo and Daphne}}
[[File:Apollo and Daphne (Bernini).jpg |thumb|300px|[[Apollo and Daphne (Bernini)|''Apollo and Daphne'']], a marble sculpture made 1622–1625 by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini|Bernini]] (1598–1680), inspired by Ovid's ''Metamorphoses'', [[Galleria Borghese]], Rome. Depicting the initial stage of Daphne's transformation, with her fingers shown as branches of laurel and her toes taking root into the ground|left]]
The earliest source of the myth of Daphne and Apollo is [[Phylarchus]], quoted by [[Parthenius of Nicaea]]. Later, the Roman poet [[Ovid]] does a retelling of this Greek legend, which appears in his work ''[[Metamorphoses]]''.

=== Ovid ===
The pursuit of a local nymph by an [[Twelve Olympians|Olympian god]], part of the archaic adjustment of religious cult in Greece, was given an arch anecdotal turn in the ''[[Metamorphoses]]''<ref>Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+1.452&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=River 1.452]; the treatment is commonly viewed as an Ovidian invention: see H. Fränkel, ''Ovid: A Poet Between Two Worlds'' (1945), p. 79, or E. Doblhofer, "Ovidius Urbanus: eine Studie zum Humor in Ovids Metamorphosen" ''Philologus'' '''104''' (1960), p. 79ff; for the episode as a witty transposition of [[Licinius Macer Calvus|Calvus]]' ''Io'', see B. Otis, ''Ovid as an Epic Poet'', 2nd ed., 1970, p. 102</ref> by the Roman poet [[Ovid]] (died AD 17). According to this version Apollo's infatuation was caused by a golden-tipped arrow shot at him by [[Eros|Cupid]], son of [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]], who wanted to punish  Apollo for having insulted his archery skills by commenting "What hast thou to do with the arms of men, thou wanton boy?",<ref>Translation, line 456, Loeb Classical Library</ref> and to demonstrate the power of love's arrow. Eros also shot Daphne, but with a leaden-tipped arrow, the effect of which was to make her flee from Apollo.

Elated with sudden love, Apollo chased Daphne continually. He tried to make her cease her flight by saying he did not wish to hurt her. When she kept fleeing, Apollo lamented that even though he had the knowledge of medicinal herbs, he had failed to cure himself from the wound of Cupid's arrow. When Apollo finally caught up with her, Daphne prayed for help to her father, the river god [[Peneus]] of [[Thessaly]],<ref>Ovid, ''Metamorphoses'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Ov.+Met.+1.452&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0028:book=:chapter=&highlight=River 1.452]</ref> who immediately commenced her transformation into a laurel tree (''[[Laurus nobilis]]''):

<blockquote>a heavy numbness seized her limbs, thin bark closed over her breast, her hair turned into leaves, her arms into branches, her feet so swift a moment ago stuck fast in slow-growing roots, her face was lost in the canopy. Only her shining beauty was left.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tkline.freeserve.co.uk/Metamorph.htm%23_Toc64105470 |title=The Metamorphoses |access-date=2017-11-17 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20050419213646/http://www.tkline.freeserve.co.uk/Metamorph.htm%23_Toc64105470 |archive-date=April 19, 2005 }} Translation by A. S. Kline, 2000.</ref></blockquote>

Even this did not quench Apollo's ardour, and as he embraced the tree, he felt her heart still beating. He then declared:

<blockquote>"My bride," he said, "since you can never be, at least, sweet laurel, you shall be my tree. My lure, my locks, my quiver you shall wreathe."<ref>{{Citation|last=Naso]|first=Ovid [Publius Ovidius|editor-first1=A. D |editor-first2=Edward J |editor-last1=Melville |editor-last2=Kenney |chapter=Metamorphoses|date=2008-09-11|pages=1–380|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780199537372|doi=10.1093/oseo/instance.00080405|title=Oxford World's Classics: Ovid: Metamorphoses}}</ref></blockquote>

Upon hearing his words, Daphne bends her branches, unable to stop it.

=== Parthenius ===
A version of the attempt on Daphne's sworn virginity that has been less familiar since the [[Renaissance]] was narrated by the [[Hellenistic civilization|Hellenistic]] poet [[Parthenius of Nicaea|Parthenius]], in his ''Erotica Pathemata'', "The Sorrows of Love", which he attributes to Hellenistic historian [[Phylarchus]].<ref>J. L. Lightfoot, tr. ''Parthenius of Nicaea: the poetical fragments and the Erōtika pathēmata'' 1999, notes to XV, Περὶ Δάφνης, pp. 471ff.</ref> In this, which is the earliest written account, Daphne is a mortal girl, daughter of [[Amyclas of Sparta|Amyclas]],<ref>King Amyclas is also the father of another of Apollo's lover, [[Hyacinth (mythology)|Hyacinthus]].</ref> fond of hunting and determined to remain a virgin; she is pursued by the boy [[Leucippus (mythology)|Leucippus]] ("white stallion"), who disguises himself in a girl's outfit in order to join her band of huntresses. He is also successful in gaining her innocent affection. This makes Apollo angry and he puts it into the girl's mind to stop to bathe in the river Ladon; there, as all strip naked, the ruse is revealed, as in the myth of [[Callisto (mythology)|Callisto]], and the affronted huntresses plunge their spears into Leucippus. At this moment Apollo's attention becomes engaged, and he begins his own pursuit. Daphne, fleeing to escape Apollo's advances, prays to Zeus to help. Zeus turns her into laurel tree. Parthenius' modern editor remarks on the rather awkward transition, linking two narratives.<ref>Lightfoot (1999), p. 471.</ref>

=== Pausanias ===
[[File:Antakya Archaeological Museum Apollo and Daphne mosaic 5917.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Apollo (already wearing a laurel wreath) and Daphne, [[Antakya Archaeological Museum]]]]

Parthenius' tale was known to [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], who recounted it in his ''Description of Greece'' (2nd century AD). According to him, Leucippus was a son of the prince of [[Pisa, Greece|Pisa]], whose attempts to woo her by open courtship all failed, as Daphne avoided all males.<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.20.2&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Daphne 8.20.2]</ref> Leucippus then thought of the following trick; he grew his hair and wore women's clothes, and this way managed to get close to Daphne, to whom he introduced himself as a daughter of the prince. As he was the highest-ranking and best huntsman of Daphne's company, he became good friends with her.<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.20.3&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Daphne 8.20.3]</ref> [[Apollo]], himself in love with Daphne too,<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+10.7.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Ladon 10.7.8]</ref> was jealous of Leucippus' success in love, however Leucippus' ruse was soon discovered when the girls took a bath in a lake; they stripped a reluctant Leucippus naked, and upon discovering his true sex, killed him with javelins and daggers.<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+8.20.4&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Daphne 8.20.4]</ref>

=== Hyginus ===
When [[Apollo]] pursued the virgin Daphne, who in [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]]' version is a daughter of the [[River gods (Greek mythology)|river god]] [[Peneus]], it was the earth [[goddess]] [[Gaia]] to whom she begged for protection. Gaia then received her, changing her into a laurel tree, while Apollo created a wreath with one of its branches.<ref>[[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' [https://topostext.org/work/206#203 203]</ref>

=== Other authors ===
[[Philostratus]] in his ''[[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]'' says the [[Assyria]]ns, who worshipped [[Apollo]] Daphnaeus ("Apollo of the Laurel") place the site of Daphne's transformation from [[Arcadia (region)|Arcadia]] to [[Antioch]] (modern day [[Antakya]] in Turkey).<ref>[[Philostratus]], ''[[Life of Apollonius of Tyana]]'' [https://www.sacred-texts.com/cla/aot/laot/laot04.htm 1.16]</ref>

[[Nonnus]] also placed Daphne's dwellings near the [[Orontes River]], and says that it was [[Gaia]] who swallowed up the girl before she knew marriage; Apollo always blamed Gaia for this.<ref>[[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]'' [https://topostext.org/work/529#33.193 33.217–220]</ref>

In his ''[[Dialogues of the Gods]]'', satirical author [[Lucian]] of [[Samosata]] has Apollo call Daphne and [[Hyacinth (mythology)|Hyacinthus]] his two greatest loves, and regret losing them both; he declares himself unlucky in love, especially since Daphne found the option of becoming a tree more attractive than him.<ref>[[Lucian]], ''[[Dialogues of the Gods]]'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-gods#section15 Hermes and Apollo II]</ref> [[Eros]] also mentions to [[Zeus]] Daphne not falling for Apollo.<ref>Lucian, ''Dialogues of the Gods'' [http://lucianofsamosata.info/wiki/doku.php?id=home:texts_and_library:dialogues:dialogues-of-the-gods#section2 Love and Zeus]</ref>

A sixth century AD poet, [[Dioscorus of Aphrodito]], composed a poem where Apollo calls Daphne and Hyacinthus his two greatest loves, and mourns their loss.<ref>MacCoull, Leslie S. B. "TWO LOVES I HAVE : DIOSCORUS, APOLLO, DAPHNE, HYACINTH." Byzantion, vol. 77, Peeters Publishers, 2007, pp. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/44173143 305–14].</ref>

== Laurel varieties ==
[[File:Casa de Dionisio, parque arqueológico de Pafos, Chipre, 2021-12-10, DD 47.jpg|thumb|Apollo and Daphne mosaic from [[Paphos]], Cyprus.]]

The name Daphne, in Greek Δάφνη, means "[[Laurus nobilis|laurel]].<ref>[[Robert S. P. Beekes|R. S. P. Beekes]] has suggested a [[Pre-Greek]] proto-form *''dak<sup>w</sup>-(n)-''. ''Daphne'' is etymologically related to [[Latin]] ''[[wikt:laurus#Latin|laurus]]'', "laurel tree" (''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, pp. 306–7).</ref> While the story of Daphne is traditionally connected with the bay laurel (''[[Laurus nobilis]]''), almost 90 species of evergreen shrubs noted for their scented flowers and poisonous berries are grouped under the [[Daphne (plant)|genus Daphne]]—including the garland flower (''[[Daphne cneorum]]''); the February Daphne or mezereon (''[[Daphne mezereum]]''); and spurge laurel or wood laurel (''[[Daphne laureola]]'').  These species are in the family [[Thymelaeaceae]] and are native to Asia, Europe and North Africa.

== Temples ==
=== Artemis Daphnaia ===
Artemis Daphnaia, who had her temple among the Lacedemonians, at a place called Hypsoi<ref>G. Shipley, "The Extent of Spartan Territory in the Late Classical and Hellenistic Periods", ''The Annual of the British School at Athens'', 2000.</ref> in antiquity, on the slopes of Mount Cnacadion near the Spartan frontier,<ref>Pausanias, [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+3.24.8&fromdoc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0160:book=:chapter=&highlight=Daphnaea 3.24.8]; Lilius Gregorius Gyraldus, ''Historiae Deorum Gentilium'', Basel, 1548, Syntagma 10, is noted in this connection in [http://www.textlog.de/40739.html ''Gründliches mythologisches Lexikon''], [[Benjamin Hedericus|Benjamin Hederich]], 1770</ref> had her own sacred laurel trees.<ref>[[Karl Kerenyi]], ''The Gods of the Greeks'', 1951:141</ref>

=== Apollo Daphnephoros, Eretria ===
At [[Eretria]] the identity of an excavated 7th- and 6th-century BCE temple<ref>Built over 8th century walls and apsidal building beneath the ''[[Byzantine architecture|naos]]'', all betokening a [[Geometric art|Geometric date]] for the sanctuary.</ref> to ''Apollo Daphnephoros'', "Apollo, laurel-bearer", or "carrying off Daphne", a "place where the citizens are to take the oath", is identified in inscriptions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Richardson |first1=Rufus B. |title=A Temple in Eretria |journal=The American Journal of Archaeology and of the History of the Fine Arts |date=July 1895 |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=326–337 |doi=10.2307/496539|jstor=496539 |doi-access=}}; Paul Auberson, ''Eretria. Fouilles et Recherches I, Temple d'Apollon Daphnéphoros, Architecture'' (Bern, 1968). See also [[Plutarch]], ''Pythian Oracle'', 16.</ref>

== Cultural depictions ==
[[File:Daphne&Apollo Overmantle StaffordBarton Dolton.xcf|thumb|A plasterwork depiction of Apollo and Daphne, English, second half of 16th century. Daphne's fingers are shown as leaves, whilst Apollo is identifiable by his quiver of arrows slung over his shoulder]]

* ''[[Dafne]]'' (1598), opera by [[Jacopo Peri]] and [[Jacopo Corsi]] to a libretto by Ottavio Rinuccini
* ''[[La Dafne]]'' (1608), opera by [[Marco da Gagliano]] to a [[libretto]] [[Ottavio Rinuccini]]
* ''{{Lang|de|[[Dafne (Opitz-Schütz)|Die Dafne]]}}'' (1627), lost opera by [[Heinrich Schütz]] to a libretto by [[Martin Opitz]], a translation of Rinuccini's libretto
* ''[[Daphne (opera)|Daphne]]'' (1938), opera by [[Richard Strauss]] about the legend based on accounts by both Ovid and [[Euripides]]
* A famous rendition of the subject is [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]]'s sculpture [[Apollo and Daphne (Bernini)|''Apollo and Daphne'']].
* In the [[WEBTOON]] comic ''[[Lore Olympus]]'', Daphne is a fashion model, yoga instructor, and social media influencer who's dating [[Thanatos]], the god of death.
* ''Daughter of Sparta'' (2021), young adult historical fantasy novel by Claire M. Andrews that reimagines the story of Apollo and Daphne. Daphne is a young Spartan warrior who must work with Apollo to save Olympus and all of Greece.<ref>[https://www.lbyr.com/titles/claire-andrews/daughter-of-sparta/9780316540070/ DAUGHTER OF SPARTA]</ref>

== Gallery ==
<gallery widths="160" heights="170" mode="packed" caption="Daphne's transformation in art">
File:Piero del Pollaiolo (attr.) Apollo and Daphne.jpg|alt=Apollo and Daphneby Pollaiuolo, c. 1470–1480 (National Gallery, London)|''[[Apollo and Daphne (Pollaiuolo)|Apollo and Daphne]]''<br>by [[Antonio del Pollaiuolo|Pollaiuolo]], c. 1470–1480 ([[National Gallery]], London)
File:Apollo and Daphne by Veronese, San Diego Museum of Art.JPG|alt=Apollo and Daphneby Veronese, c. 1560–65 (San Diego Museum of Art)|''Apollo and Daphne''<br>by [[Paolo Veronese|Veronese]], c. 1560–65 ([[San Diego Museum of Art]])
File:Peter Paul Rubens - Apollon et Daphné.JPG|alt=Apollon et Daphnéby Rubens, c. 1636 (Musée Bonnat, Bayonne)|''Apollon et Daphné''<br>by [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]], c. 1636 ([[Musée Bonnat]], Bayonne)
File:Daphne chased by Apollo.jpg|alt=Apollo and Daphneby Tiepolo, c. 1744–45 (Louvre)|''Apollo and Daphne''<br>by [[Giovanni Battista Tiepolo|Tiepolo]], c. 1744–45 ([[Louvre]])
File:Apollo and Daphne waterhouse.jpg|''Apollo and Daphne''<br>by [[John William Waterhouse|Waterhouse]], 1908
</gallery>

== See also ==
* [[Syrinx]]
* [[Pitys (mythology)|Pitys]]
* [[Leucothoe (daughter of Orchamus)|Leucothoe]] and [[Clytie (Oceanid)|Clytie]]
* [[Bolina]]
* [[Arethusa (mythology)|Arethusa]]
* [[Corone (crow)|Corone]]

== Notes ==
<references />

== References ==
* [[Ovid]]. ''[[Metamorphoses]], Volume I: Books 1–8''. Translated by Frank Justus Miller. Revised by G. P. Goold. [[Loeb Classical Library]] No. 42. Cambridge, Massachusetts: [[Harvard University Press]], 1977, first published 1916. {{ISBN|978-0-674-99046-3}}. [https://www.loebclassics.com/view/LCL042/1916/volume.xml Online version at Harvard University Press].
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus, Gaius Julius]], [http://www.theoi.com/Text/HyginusFabulae1.html ''The Myths of Hyginus'']. Edited and translated by Mary A. Grant, Lawrence: University of Kansas Press, 1960.
* [[Pausanias (geographer)|Pausanias]], ''Pausanias' Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes.'' Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Paus.+1.1.1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library].
* [[Parthenius of Nicaea]], ''Parthenius of Nicaea: the poetical fragments and the Erōtika pathēmata'' [[Jane Lightfoot|J.L. Lightfoot]], 2000, {{ISBN|0-19-815253-1}}. Reviewed by Christopher Francese at [https://web.archive.org/web/20100505054018/http://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2000/2000-04-14.html The Bryn Mawr Classical Review]
* [[Lucian]], ''[[Dialogues of the Gods]]''; translated by Fowler, H. W. and F. G. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1905.
* [[Philostratus]], ''Philostratus: Apollonius of Tyana. Letters of Apollonius, Ancient Testimonia, Eusebius's Reply to Hierocles'', ed. Christopher P. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press 2006 (Loeb Classical Library no. 458), {{ISBN|0-674-99617-8}}. (Greek texts and English translations)
* [[Nonnus]], ''[[Dionysiaca]]''; translated by [[W. H. D. Rouse|Rouse, W H D]], III Books XVI–XXXV. [[Loeb Classical Library]] No. 354, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann Ltd. 1940. [https://archive.org/stream/dionysiaca03nonnuoft#page/n5/mode/2up Internet Archive].
* [[Scholia]] to [[Lycophron|Lycophron's]] ''Alexandra'', marginal notes by Isaak and Ioannis Tzetzes and others from the Greek edition of Eduard Scheer (Weidmann 1881). [https://topostext.org/work/860 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]. [[iarchive:lycophronisalexa02lycouoft/page/n5/mode/2up|Greek text available on Archive.org]]

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Daphne (mythology)|Daphne}}
* [https://www.theoi.com/Nymphe/NympheDaphne.html DAPHNE from the Theoi Project]
* [http://digilander.libero.it/debibliotheca/Arte/bernini/bernini_apollo_and_daphne.jpg Apollo and Daphne] – statue by [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]]
* [https://iconographic.warburg.sas.ac.uk/category/vpc-taxonomy-000530 The Warburg Institute Iconographic Database (ca 260 images of Daphne)]

{{Apollo and Daphne}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}
{{Metamorphoses in Greek mythology}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Children of Peneus]]
[[Category:Deeds of Eros]]
[[Category:Deeds of Gaia]]
[[Category:Deeds of Zeus]]
[[Category:Female lovers of Apollo]]
[[Category:Metamorphoses characters]]
[[Category:Metamorphoses into trees in Greek mythology]]
[[Category:Naiads]]