Editing Damballa

{{Short description|Creator and snake loa}}
{{about|the spirit|the computer security firm|Damballa (company)}}
{{Infobox saint
| name            = Damballa
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| venerated_in    = [[Haitian Vodou]], [[Folk Catholicism]]
| image           = Damballah La Flambeau.jpg
| imagesize       = 220px
| caption         = ''Damballah La Flambeau'', by the Haitian artist [[Hector Hyppolite]]
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| patronage       = bodies of water<ref name="coulter" />
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}}

'''Damballa''', also spelled '''Damballah''', '''Dambala, Dambalah''', among other variations ({{langx|ht|Danbala}}), is one of the most important of all [[loa]], spirits in [[West African Vodun]], [[Haitian Voodoo]] and other [[African diaspora religions|African diaspora religious]] traditions such as [[Obeah]]. He is traditionally portrayed as a great white or black serpent,<ref name="chita" /> but may also be depicted as a rainbow.<ref name="coulter" /> Damballa originated in the city of [[Ouidah|Wedo]] (Whydah or Ouidah) in modern-day [[Benin]].<ref name="chita">{{Cite book|last=Chita Tann|first=Mambo|title=Haitian Vodou|publisher=Llewellyn Books|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7387-3069-1|location=Woodbury, MN|pages=99}}</ref> 

== Mythology ==

Damballa is said to be the [[sky father]] and the [[:wikt:primordial|primordial]] creator of all life, or the first thing created by the [[Bondye]]. In those Vodou societies that view Damballa as the primordial creator, he created the cosmos by using his 7000 coils to form the stars and the planets in the heavens and to shape the hills and valleys on Earth. In others, being the first thing created by God, creation was undertaken through him. By shedding the serpent skin, Damballa created all the waters on the Earth. As a serpent, he moves between land and water, generating life, and through the earth, uniting the land with the waters below.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|last=McCarthy Brown|first=Karen|title=Mama Lola: a Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn|publisher=University of California Press|year=1991|isbn=978-0-520-26810-4|location=Berkeley, CA|pages=274}}</ref> Damballa is usually [[syncretism|syncretized]] with either [[Saint Patrick]] or [[Moses]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web|last1=Perrault|first1=Alix|title=Vodou and the Loas|url=http://www.thevodouelement.com/damballah.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107054958/http://www.thevodouelement.com/damballah.html|archive-date=2014-11-07|website=The Vodou Element}}</ref><ref>Maya Deren, ''Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti'', p. 56.</ref> He is counted among the [[Lwa#Rada loa|Rada]] loa.<ref name="coulter">{{cite book |last1=Coulter |first1=Charles Russell |last2=Turner |first2=Patricia |title=Encyclopedia of Ancient Deities |date=4 July 2013 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-135-96397-2 |page=141 |language=en}}</ref>

Damballa is seen as benevolent and patient, wise and kind, yet detached and removed from the trials and tribulations of daily human life. His presence brings peace and represents a continuum, "at once the ancient past and the assurance of the future."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Deren|first=Maya|title=Divine Horsemen: The Living Gods of Haiti|publisher=Mcpherson and Company|year=1953|location=New York|pages=115}}</ref> As a serpent, and due to his extreme wisdom, he does not speak, but may whistle or make a soft, hissing sound.<ref name=":1" />

Like many other loa, Damballa is subdivided into spirits who play different roles. For example, Damballa Tocan is a spirit of the intellect. When he manifests in the [[Lwa#Petro loa|Petro]] rites, he is Damballa La Flambo. 

Damballa's wife is [[Ayida-Weddo]],<ref name="coulter" /> although in some Vodou societies, she is his sister and in others, Damballa himself after a different fashion. [[Erzulie]] is his lover,<ref>[[Leah Gordon (photographer)|Leah Gordon]] (1985), ''The Book of Vodou'', [[Barron's Educational Series]], p. 62, {{ISBN|978-0-7641-5249-8}}.</ref> although, once again, she may be considered his wife in some societies.

== Worship ==

When a serviteur is believed to be possessed by Damballa during a ceremony, he or she moves on the floor like a serpent. A white sheet is laid down for him, and another waved over him to fan and cool him. His purity is such that it cannot be allowed to be exposed to impure or unclean things.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite book|last=Chita Tann|first=Mambo|title=Haitian Vodou|publisher=Llewellyn Books|year=2012|isbn=978-0-7387-3069-1|location=woodbury, MN|pages=212}}</ref> Some peristyles maintain a basin full of water into which the possessed will plunge, to swim and cool off. 

Offerings to him include milk, white foods and flowers, rice, coconut, orgeat syrup, and a perfume called ''lotion pompeia''.<ref name=":2" /> Damballa's symbol is an egg,<ref name="coulter" /> so his offering ''par excellence'' is a white, uncooked egg on a mound of white flour.<ref name=":2" />

==In popular culture==

[[Bahamians|Bahamian]] folk musician [[Exuma (musician)|Exuma]] wrote and recorded the song "Dambala" for his 1970 [[Exuma (album)|self-titled album]], in which he exhorts Dambala and God to punish [[Atlantic slave trade|slavers]]. The song was later covered by [[Nina Simone]] in many live performances.

A segment in the Amicus 1964 portmanteau horror film ''[[Dr. Terror's House of Horrors]]'' features an unscrupulous jazz musician (Roy Castle) appropriating ritual music of a Dambalah ceremony.

A 1981 short-story collection by African-American writer [[John Edgar Wideman]] is entitled ''Damballah''. 

In the ''[[Child's Play (franchise)|Child's Play]]'' franchise, Damballa's name is used in the voodoo incantation by the main antagonist [[Chucky (character)|Chucky]] to transfer his soul into his Good Guy doll host.

In Sierra's ''[[Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers]]'', while investigating a series of murders in New Orleans, protagonist Gabriel Knight learns about Damballa as one of the main Voodoo loas worshiped by a local sect.

In the animated series ''[[Conan the Adventurer (1992 TV series)|Conan: The Adventurer]]'' episode "Bones of Damballa", the High Priest Sadinar worships Damballa, revealed to be an aspect of the serpent god Set.

In ''[[Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman]]'' in episode ''Never on Sunday''.

In the book ''Pays sans chapeau'' by [[Dany Laferrière]].

In ''[[Extralarge]]'' in the episode ''Extralarge: Black Magic'' (1992).

In ''[[The Champions]]'' episode ''Shadow of the Panther'', a stage magician in Haiti performs under the name Damballa.

==See also==
* [[Obatala]]
* [[Kengue]]
* [[Witchcraft]]
{{Portal|Traditional African religion}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Afro-American Religions}}
[[Category:Voodoo gods]]
[[Category:Creator gods]]
[[Category:Snake gods]]