Editing Cumberland County, Virginia

{{short description|County in Virginia, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
| county           = Cumberland County
| state            = Virginia
| flag             = Flag of Cumberland County, Virginia.png
| seal             = Cumberlandcountyseal.png
| founded          = 1749
| named for        = [[William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]]
| seat wl          = Cumberland
| largest city wl  = Farmville
| city type        = town
| area_total_sq_mi = 300
| area_land_sq_mi  = 297
| area_water_sq_mi = 2.3
| area percentage  = 0.8
| census yr        = 2020
| pop              = 9675 {{loss}}
| pop_est_as_of    = 2024
| population_est   = 
| density_sq_mi    = auto
| website          = {{URL|www.cumberlandcounty.virginia.gov|cumberlandcounty<br />.virginia.gov}}
| ex image         = Cumberland VA - county courthouse.jpg
| ex image cap     = Cumberland County Courthouse
| ex image size    = 200px
| time zone        = Eastern
| district         = 5th
}}

'''Cumberland County''' is a [[county (United States)|county]] located in the [[Commonwealth (U.S. state)|Commonwealth]] of [[Virginia]], United States. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 9,675.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cumberland County, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=0500000US51049|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=January 30, 2022}}</ref> Its [[county seat]] is [[Cumberland, Virginia|Cumberland]].<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=June 7, 2011 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=May 31, 2011 }}</ref>

== History ==
Cumberland County was established in 1749 from [[Goochland County, Virginia|Goochland County]]. The county is named for [[Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland|William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland]], third son of King [[George II of Great Britain]]. Cumberland County was also home to the Fleming family, which included Judge [[John Fleming (judge)|John Fleming]] and his son Judge [[William Fleming (judge)|William Fleming]].

From 1749 until 1777, when the eastern portion was detached to form [[Powhatan County, Virginia|Powhatan County]], [[Mosby Tavern]] served as the county courthouse. The tavern subsequently became known as "Old Cumberland Courthouse". In 1778 the narrow triangular area bordering the southern bank of the [[James River]] was annexed from [[Buckingham County, Virginia|Buckingham County]].

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Census Bureau]], the county has a total area of {{convert|300|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|297|sqmi|abbr=on}} is land and {{convert|2.3|sqmi|abbr=on}} (0.8%) is water.<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

===Adjacent counties===
*[[Goochland County, Virginia|Goochland County]] – northeast
*[[Powhatan County, Virginia|Powhatan County]] – east
*[[Amelia County, Virginia|Amelia County]] – southeast
*[[Prince Edward County, Virginia|Prince Edward County]] – south
*[[Buckingham County, Virginia|Buckingham County]] – west
*[[Fluvanna County, Virginia|Fluvanna County]] – northwest

===Major highways===
*{{Jct|state=VA|US|60}}
*{{Jct|state=VA|SR|13}}
*{{Jct|state=VA|SR|45}}

==Demographics==
This rural county suffered a long decline in population from 1880 to 1970, as the number of workers needed for agriculture was reduced through mechanization. Since then its population has grown, reaching a peak in 2010 nearly equal to its 19th-century high.

{{US Census population
|1790= 8153
|1800= 9839
|1810= 9992
|1820= 11023
|1830= 11690
|1840= 10399
|1850= 9751
|1860= 9961
|1870= 8142
|1880= 10540
|1890= 9482
|1900= 8996
|1910= 9195
|1920= 9111
|1930= 7535
|1940= 7505
|1950= 7252
|1960= 6360
|1970= 6179
|1980= 7881
|1990= 7825
|2000= 9017
|2010= 10052
|2020= 9675
|estyear=
|estimate=
|estref=
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing from 1790-2000|publisher=[[US Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 24, 2022}}</ref><br />1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=January 1, 2014|archive-date=August 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/va190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 1, 2014}}</ref><br />1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=January 1, 2014}}</ref> 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2/> 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2/>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Cumberland County, Virginia – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Cumberland County, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US51049&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!Pop 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Cumberland County, Virginia|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US51049&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
!% 2010
!% 2020
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|6,353
|6,104
|63.20%
|63.09%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|3,253
|2,817
|32.36%
|29.12%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|36
|39
|0.36%
|0.40%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|35
|36
|0.35%
|0.37%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|0
|8
|0.00%
|0.08%
|-
|[[Race and ethnicity in the United States census|Some Other Race]] alone (NH)
|17
|40
|0.17%
|0.41%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed Race or Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|177
|390
|1.76%
|4.03%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|181
|241
|1.80%
|2.49%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''10,052'''
|'''9,675'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|}

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR8">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=May 14, 2011 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref> of 2000, there were 9,017 people, 3,528 households, and 2,487 families residing in the county. The [[population density]] was {{convert|30|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people|}}. There were 4,085 housing units at an average density of {{convert|14|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the county was 60.37% [[Race (United States Census)|White]], 37.44% [[Race (United States Census)|Black]] or [[Race (United States Census)|African American]], 0.18% [[Race (United States Census)|Native American]], 0.35% [[Race (United States Census)|Asian]], 0.59% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.06% from two or more races. 1.66% of the population were [[Race (United States Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Race (United States Census)|Latino]] of any race.

There were 3,528 households, out of which 30.00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.60% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 14.30% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.50% were non-families. 24.80% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.55 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 24.70% under the age of 18, 7.30% from 18 to 24, 28.00% from 25 to 44, 25.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females there were 91.00 males. For every 100 females aged 18 and over, there were 88.20 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $31,816, and the median income for a family was $37,965. Males had a median income of $28,846 versus $22,521 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the county was $15,103. 15.10% of the population and 11.90% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 19.60% are under the age of 18 and 16.10% are 65 or older.

==Government==
===Board of Supervisors===
*District 1: Bryan Hamlet
*District 2: John L Newman (R) (Chairman)
*District 3: Eurika Tyree (Vice Chair)
*District 4: Paul Stimpson (R)
*District 5: Robert Saunders Jr.

===Constitutional officers===
*Clerk of the Circuit Court: Deidra Martin (I)
*Commissioner of the Revenue: Julie A. Phillips (I)
*Commonwealth's Attorney: Wendy Deaner Hannah (I)
*Sheriff: Darrell Hodges (I)
*Treasurer: L.O. Pfeiffer, Jr. (I)

Cumberland County is represented by Republican Luther Cifers in the Virginia Senate, Republican Thomas A. Garrett, Jr. in the Virginia House of Delegates, and Republican John J. McGuire, III in the U.S. House of Representatives.

{{PresHead|place=Cumberland County, Virginia|source=<ref>{{cite web|author=David Leip |url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS |title=Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections |publisher=Uselectionatlas.org |access-date=December 9, 2020}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|3,335|2,117|49|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|3,019|2,227|64|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|2,697|2,036|173|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|2,538|2,422|88|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|2,418|2,255|51|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|2,377|1,721|28|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|1,974|1,405|128|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1996|Republican|1,544|1,303|343|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1992|Republican|1,643|1,284|457|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1988|Republican|1,978|1,132|49|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1984|Republican|2,027|1,237|65|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1980|Republican|1,515|1,355|154|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|1,284|1,302|171|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|1,371|969|34|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|844|978|610|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1964|Republican|1,099|871|7|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|691|559|12|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|566|331|422|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|695|574|8|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|219|424|170|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1944|Democratic|218|463|4|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1940|Democratic|157|396|6|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|136|476|4|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|84|511|13|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1928|Democratic|213|442|0|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1924|Democratic|61|398|28|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1920|Democratic|114|413|4|Virginia}}
{{PresRow|1916|Democratic|73|446|0|Virginia}}
{{PresFoot|1912|Democratic|10|362|32|Virginia}}

== Education ==
Cumberland County Public Schools, the only school division in the county,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st51_va/schooldistrict_maps/c51049_cumberland/DC20SD_C51049.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Cumberland County, VA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-10-02}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st51_va/schooldistrict_maps/c51049_cumberland/DC20SD_C51049_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref> serves over 1400 students in the county.<ref name="Cumberland County Public Schools">{{Cite web |title=Cumberland County Public Schools |url=https://www.cucps.k12.va.us/ |access-date=August 17, 2022 |website=www.cucps.k12.va.us |language=en}}</ref> The district operates Cumberland Elementary School (PreK-4), Cumberland Middle School (5-8), and Cumberland High School (9-12). The superintendent is Dr. Chip Jones (2022).<ref name="Cumberland County Public Schools"/>

==Communities==
===Town===
*[[Farmville, Virginia|Farmville]] (primarily in [[Prince Edward County, Virginia|Prince Edward County]])

===Unincorporated communities===
*[[Cartersville, Cumberland County, Virginia|Cartersville]]
*[[Cumberland, Virginia|Cumberland]] (a [[census-designated place]])
*[[Tamworth, Virginia|Tamworth]]

== Attractions and events ==
[[Bear Creek Lake State Park]] is located {{convert|4.5|mi|km}} northwest of the town of Cumberland. Bear Creek Lake features overnight cabins, a lodge, permanent camp sites, and picnic shelters. Swimming and boating are allowed at the lake, and boat rentals are available. The park also has trails for hiking and running.

The {{convert|16233|acre|km2|adj=on}} [[Cumberland State Forest]] is north of [[U.S. Route 60 (Virginia)|U.S. Route 60]], west of [[Route 45 (Virginia)|State Route 45]] and bordered on the west by the [[Willis River]]. The Forest has multiple purposes, including watershed protection, recreation, timber production, hunting, fishing, and applied forest research. There are two self-guided trails at Cumberland State Forest that are open for walking, hiking, horses, and mountain bikes. These are the Cumberland Multi-Use Trail (14 miles) and the Willis River Hiking Trail (16 miles). White-tailed deer, wild turkey, and bobcats are common residents of this natural area. The State forest also features five lakes which may be fished from with a Virginia State fishing license, including: Oak Hill Lake, Bear Creek Lake, Winston Lake, Arrowhead Lake, and Bonbrook Lake.

==Notable people==
*[[Paul Carrington (judge)|Justice Paul Carrington]] (1733–1818), second member appointed of the Virginia Supreme Court. Born at "Boston Hill".
*[[Lena Trent Gordon]] (1885-1935), Philadelphia-based political organizer, poet, born in Cumberland.

==See also==
*[[National Register of Historic Places listings in Cumberland County, Virginia]]

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170152/http://www.cumberlandcounty.virginia.gov/ Cumberland County's Official Website]
* http://www.cucps.k12.va.us/ (Cumberland County Public Schools)

{{Geographic Location
| Centre    = Cumberland County, Virginia
| North     =
| Northeast = [[Goochland County, Virginia|Goochland County]]
| East      = [[Powhatan County, Virginia|Powhatan County]]
| Southeast = [[Amelia County, Virginia|Amelia County]]
| South     = [[Prince Edward County, Virginia|Prince Edward County]]
| Southwest =
| West      = [[Buckingham County, Virginia|Buckingham County]]
| Northwest = [[Fluvanna County, Virginia|Fluvanna County]]
}}

{{Greater Richmond Region}}
{{Cumberland County, Virginia}}
{{Virginia}}

{{coord|37.51|-78.24|type:adm2nd_region:US-VA_source:UScensus1990|display=title}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cumberland County, Virginia| ]]
[[Category:Virginia counties]]
[[Category:1749 establishments in the Colony of Virginia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1749]]
[[Category:Counties on the James River (Virginia)]]
[[Category:Prince William, Duke of Cumberland]]