Editing Crius

{{short description|Titan in Greek mythology}}
{{Infobox deity
| type        = Greek
| name        = Crius
| member_of    = the [[Titans]]
| script_name  = Ancient Greek
| script       = Κρεῖος
| abode        = [[Tartarus]]
| battles      = [[Titanomachy]]
| consort      = [[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]]
| parents      = [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]] and [[Gaia]]
| siblings     = {{Collapsible list
 | title =[[Titans]]
 | bullets = on
 | [[Cronus]]
 | [[Coeus]]
 | [[Hyperion (mythology)|Hyperion]]
 | [[Iapetus (mythology)|Iapetus]]
 | [[Oceanus]]
 | [[Mnemosyne]]
 | [[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]]
 | [[Rhea (mythology)|Rhea]]
 | [[Tethys (mythology)|Tethys]]
 | [[Theia]]
 | [[Themis]]
}}
{{Collapsible list
 | title=[[Hecatoncheires]]
 | bullets = on
 | Briareos
 | Cottus
 | Gyges
}}
{{Collapsible list
 | title=[[Cyclopes]]
 | bullets = on
 | [[Arges (Cyclops)|Arges]]
 | Brontes
 | Steropes
}}
{{Collapsible list
| title= Other siblings
| bullets = on
| [[Gigantes]]
| [[Erinyes]] (the Furies)
| [[Meliae]]
}}
| offspring    = [[Astraeus]], [[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]], [[Perses (Titan)|Perses]]
}}

In [[Greek mythology]], '''Crius''', '''Kreios''', or '''Krios''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|aɪ|ə|s}}; {{langx|grc|Κρεῖος}}<ref>Etymology uncertain: traditionally considered a variation of κρῑός "ram"; the word κρεῖος was also extant in Ancient Greek but only in the sense of "type of mussel" [http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/dict?word=krio/s&lang=&name=lsj&filter=CUTF8] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219062823/http://archimedes.fas.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/dict?word=krio%2Fs&lang=&name=lsj&filter=CUTF8|date=2012-02-19}}[http://www.operone.de/stw/greekad.php?search=%26%238001%3B&operator=and]{{dead link|date=December 2017|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}}.</ref> or {{lang|grc|Κριός}}) was one of the [[Titans]], children of [[Uranus (mythology)|Uranus]] and [[Gaia]].<ref>[[Hesiod]]. ''[[Theogony]]'', [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D104 133]; ''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/crius-e623220 s.v. Crius]; [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0022%3Atext%3DLibrary%3Abook%3D1%3Achapter%3D1%3Asection%3D3 1.1.3].</ref>

== Etymology ==
Although "krios" was also the ancient Greek word for "ram",<ref>''[[Brill's New Pauly]]'', [https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/crius-e623220 s.v. Crius].</ref> the Titan's [[chthonic]] position in the [[Greek Underworld|underworld]] means no classical association with [[Aries (constellation)|Aries]], the ram of the [[zodiac]], is ordinarily made.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} <!--a classical connection needs to be explicit: Crius was the titan of constellations.--> At the time of Ancient Greece, Aries was the first visible constellation in the sky at the spring season, marking the start of the new year in the ancient Greek calendar.

== Family ==
According to [[Hesiod]], with [[Eurybia (mythology)|Eurybia]], daughter of [[Gaia]] ("Earth") and [[Pontus (mythology)|Pontus]] ("Sea"), he fathered [[Astraios]], [[Pallas (Titan)|Pallas]], and [[Perses (Titan)|Perses]].<ref>[[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D371 375&ndash;377]; Grimal, s.v. Perses, p. 359&ndash;360.</ref> The joining of Astraios with [[Eos]], the Dawn, brought forth [[Eosphorus|Eosphoros]], [[Hesperus]], [[Astraea]], the other stars, and the [[Anemoi|winds]].

== Mythology ==
Joined to fill out lists of Titans to form a total matching the [[Twelve Olympians]], Crius was inexorably involved in the ten-year-long<ref>[http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/grecoromanmyth1/a/titanomachy_2.htm About.com's Ancient/Classical History section] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110623122139/http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/grecoromanmyth1/a/titanomachy_2.htm |date=2011-06-23 }} & [[Hesiod]], ''[[Theogony]],'' ''[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D617 617-643]'': ''"So they, with bitter wrath, were fighting continually with one another at that time for ten full years, and the hard strife had no close or end for either side..."''</ref> war between the Olympian gods and Titans, the [[Titanomachy]], though without any specific part to play. When the war was lost, Crius was banished along with the others to the lower level of [[Greek underworld|Hades]] called [[Tartarus]].

As the least individualized among the Titans,<ref>"About the other siblings of Kronos no close inquiry is called for," observes Friedrich Solmsen, in discussing "The Two Near Eastern Sources of Hesiod", ''Hermes'' '''117'''.4 (1989:413–422) p. 419. "They prove useful for Hesiod to head his pedigrees of the gods", adding in a note "On [[Koios]] and Kreios we have to admit abysmal ignorance."</ref> he was overthrown in the [[Titanomachy]]. [[Martin Litchfield West|M. L. West]] has suggested how [[Hesiod]] filled out the complement of Titans from the core group—adding three figures from the archaic tradition of [[Delphi]], [[Coeus]], and [[Phoebe (Titaness)|Phoebe]], whose name [[Apollo]] assumed with the oracle, and [[Themis]].<ref>M.L. West, "Hesiod's Titans," ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' '''105''' (1985), pp. 174–175.</ref> Among possible further interpolations among the Titans was Crius, whose interest for Hesiod was as the father of [[Perses (Titan)|Perses]] and grandfather of [[Hecate]], for whom Hesiod was, according to West, an "enthusiastic evangelist".

== Genealogical tree ==
{{Eurybia and Crius}}

== See also ==
* [[Greek mythology in popular culture]]
* [[Greek primordial deities]]

== Notes ==
{{Reflist}}

== References ==
* [[Bibliotheca (Pseudo-Apollodorus)|Apollodorus]], ''The Library'' with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0022 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0021 Greek text available from the same website].
* Grimal, Pierre, ''The Dictionary of Classical Mythology'', Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. {{ISBN|978-0-631-20102-1}}.
* [[Hesiod]], ''Theogony'' from ''The Homeric Hymns and Homerica'' with an English Translation by Hugh G. Evelyn-White, Cambridge, MA.,Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1914. [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0130%3Acard%3D1 Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.] [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0129 Greek text available from the same website].
* [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae from The Myths of Hyginus'' translated and edited by Mary Grant. University of Kansas Publications in Humanistic Studies. [https://topostext.org/work/206 Online version at the Topos Text Project.]
* [[Martin Litchfield West|West, M.L.]], "Hesiod's Titans", in ''[[The Journal of Hellenic Studies]]'', Vol. 105, pp.&nbsp;174–175. {{JSTOR|631535}}.

{{Greek religion}}
{{Greek mythology (deities)}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Greek gods]]
[[Category:Children of Gaia]]
[[Category:Titans (mythology)]]
[[Category:Condemned souls in Tartarus]]