Editing Crab Orchard, Tennessee

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Crab Orchard, Tennessee
|settlement_type          = [[City]]
|nickname                 = Stone Capital of Tennessee<ref>Entrance sign leading into the city.</ref>
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Crab-Orchard-Main-Adams-tn1.jpg
|imagesize                = 250px
|image_caption            = Main Street in Crab Orchard
|image_flag               = 
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = File:Cumberland County Tennessee Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Crab Orchard Highlighted 4717840.svg
|mapsize                  = 250px
|map_caption              = Location of Crab Orchard in Cumberland County, Tennessee.
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             =

<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Tennessee]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Tennessee|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Cumberland County, Tennessee|Cumberland]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = Mayor
|leader_name              = Emmett Sherrill
|leader_title1            = 
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = Settled
|established_date         = 1780s
|established_title2       = Incorporated
|established_date2        = 1921<ref>''[http://www.state.tn.us/sos/bluebook/05-06/48-data.pdf Tennessee Blue Book]'', 2005-2006, pp. 618-625.</ref>
|named_for                = [[Malus|Crab apple trees]]

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref  = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='47'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           = 
|area_total_km2           = 28.32
|area_land_km2            = 28.32
|area_water_km2           = 0.00
|area_total_sq_mi         = 10.94
|area_land_sq_mi          = 10.94
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
|population_total         = 720
|population_density_km2   = 25.42
|population_density_sq_mi = 65.84

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
|utc_offset               = -6
|timezone_DST             = CDT
|utc_offset_DST           = -5
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_m              = 
|elevation_ft             = 1677
|coordinates              = {{coord|35|54|21|N|84|52|38|W|region:US-TN|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 37723
|area_code                = [[Area code 931|931]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 47-17840<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 1281520<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|1281520}}</ref>
|website                  = 
|footnotes                = 
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_est           = 
}}

'''Crab Orchard''' is a city in [[Cumberland County, Tennessee|Cumberland County]], [[Tennessee]], United States. The population was 719 at the 2020 census.<ref>Tennessee Department of Economic and Community Development, [https://www.tn.gov/ecd/pdf/StateProfile/2011certpop.pdf Certified Population of Tennessee Incorporated Municipalities and Counties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140630192652/https://www.tn.gov/ecd/pdf/StateProfile/2011certpop.pdf |date=June 30, 2014 }}, State of Tennessee official website, July 14, 2011. Retrieved: December 6, 2013.</ref>

==History==
Crab Orchard's position in a gap in the Crab Orchard Mountains made it a gateway to the Cumberland area as early as the late 18th century. Pioneers passing through the area named it for its abundance of wild [[Malus|crab apple]] trees.<ref>Helen Bullard and Joseph Krechniak, ''Cumberland County's First Hundred Years'' (Crossville, Tenn.: Centennial Committee, 1956), 122.</ref>  In the 1780s, a road was built through the gap to help provide protection for travelers migrating from East Tennessee to the Nashville area.<ref>J.G.M. Ramsey, ''The Annals of Tennessee'' (Johnson City, Tennessee: Tennessee Overmountain Press, 1999), 500-501.</ref>

The historian [[J. G. M. Ramsey]] reported several [[Cherokee]], [[Muscogee (Creek)|Creek]], and [[Shawnee]] attacks at "the Crab-Orchard" during a period of heightened tensions between [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] and encroaching Euro-American settlers in the early 1790s. Around 1792, a small band of troops led by Captain Samuel Handley was attacked by a mixed group of Cherokee, Creek, and Shawnee at Crab Orchard, ending in Handley's capture.<ref>Ramsey, ''Annals of Tennessee'', 571-572.</ref>  In April 1794, a group of travelers was ambushed by a band of Creeks, killing early Cumberland County settler Thomas 'Big Foot' Spencer. A few weeks later, a Lieutenant McClelland was attacked and routed by a band of Creeks at Crab Orchard.<ref>Ramsey, ''The Annals of Tennessee'', 591-595.</ref><ref>Michael Boniol, "[http://www.upper-cumberland.net/users/mboniol/ Cumberland County History]," 2003. Retrieved: January 2, 2008.</ref>

[[File:Crab-orchard-tennessee-franklin-mine1.jpg|left|220px|thumb|Lhoist North America mine and plant in Crab Orchard]]

In the late 18th century, as Cherokee attacks subsided, the '''Walton Road''' was built as part of the stage road system connecting the Knoxville and Nashville areas. The road passed through Crab Orchard, bringing a steady stream of travelers and migrants to the area. Around 1800, Sidnor's Inn opened at Crab Orchard, with [[Francis Asbury|Bishop Francis Asbury]] being among its earliest guests. In 1827, Robert Burke, whose wife operated a tavern at what is now [[Ozone, Tennessee|Ozone]] established the Crab Orchard Inn, which remained open until the early 20th century.<ref>Bullard and Krechniak, ''Cumberland County's First Hundred Years'', 21, 122.</ref>

Crab Orchard received its fame from a rare type of durable [[sandstone]] found in its vicinity. First used in local structures and sidewalks in the late 19th century, the Crab Orchard stone gained popularity in the 1920s when it was used in the construction of Scarritt College in Nashville. Numerous buildings in Crossville have been constructed with Crab Orchard stone.<ref>Carroll Van West, "[http://tennesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?rec=326 Crab Orchard Stone]."  ''The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2002. Retrieved: January 2, 2008.</ref>

Crab Orchard is home to a large [[limestone]] mine operated by Lhoist North America. The mine and its accompanying plant dominate the south side of the Crab Orchard gap along Interstate 40 and US-70.{{citation needed|date=August 2013}}

==Geography==
Crab Orchard is located at {{coord|35.905965|-84.877239|type:city_region:US|format=dms|display=inline}} (35.905965, -84.877239).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>  The town is situated atop the [[Cumberland Plateau]] in a gap amidst the [[Crab Orchard Mountains]], a sub-range of the [[Cumberland Mountains]]. This gap has long been frequented by travelers between [[East Tennessee|East]] and [[Middle Tennessee]]. Today, both [[Interstate 40 in Tennessee|Interstate 40]] and [[U.S. Route 70 in Tennessee|U.S. Route 70]] pass through Crab Orchard.

Big Rock Mountain (el. {{convert|2,703|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) rises prominently to the north of Crab Orchard. Haley Mountain (el. {{convert|2,660|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) and Black Mountain (2,82{{convert|7|ft|m|abbr=on|disp=semicolon}}) dominate the view to the south. A section of the [[Justin P. Wilson Cumberland Trail State Park|Cumberland Trail]] will, when completed, traverse Crab Orchard from north to south.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|11.1|sqmi|km2}}, all land.

=== Climate ===
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Crab Orchard has a [[humid subtropical climate]], abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=791204&cityname=Crab+Orchard%2C+Tennessee%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Crab Orchard, Tennessee]</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1980= 1065
|1990= 876
|2000= 838
|2010= 752
|2020= 720
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="GR9">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=March 4, 2012|title=Census of Population and Housing: Decennial Censuses}}</ref><ref name=CensusPopEst>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|accessdate=December 11, 2013|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archivedate=June 11, 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:47&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 15, 2022}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"
|+Crab Orchard racial composition<ref>{{Cite web|title=Explore Census Data|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4717840&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|access-date=December 27, 2021|website=data.census.gov}}</ref>
!scope="col"| Race
!scope="col"| Number
!scope="col"| Percentage
|-
!scope="row"| [[White (U.S. Census)|White]] (non-Hispanic)
| 665
| 92.5%
|-
!scope="row"| [[African American (U.S. Census)|Black or African American]] (non-Hispanic)
| 1
| 0.14%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]]
| 1
| 0.14%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]
| 2
| 0.28%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Race (United States Census)|Other/Mixed]]
| 29
| 4.03%
|-
!scope="row"| [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]]
| 21
| 2.92%
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 719 people, 282 households, and 189 families residing in the city.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 838 people, 345 households, and 245 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|75.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 448 housing units at an average density of {{convert|40.4|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the city was 99.40% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.12% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], and 0.48% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.36% of the population.

[[File:Haleys-Grove-Baptist-Church-tn1.jpg|left|210px|thumb|Haley's Grove Baptist Church in Crab Orchard]]

There were 345 households, out of which 31.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59.4% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 8.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 26.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.93.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 23.3% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 13.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.2 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $22,986, and the median income for a family was $29,833. Males had a median income of $24,135 versus $15,809 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $11,161. About 12.7% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 18.1% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Commons category-inline|Crab Orchard, Tennessee}}
*[http://www.mtas.tennessee.edu/gml-mtas.nsf/Webstatecityinfo/A542BC83B408378285256AF7005EDA35?OpenDocument Municipal Technical Advisory Service entry for Crab Orchard] — information on local government, elections, and link to charter

{{Cumberland County, Tennessee}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Tennessee]]
[[Category:Cities in Cumberland County, Tennessee]]