Editing Cosmos: A Personal Voyage

{{Short description|1980 science documentary series}}
{{Redirect|Travellers' Tales|the video game company|Traveller's Tales}}
{{For|the book based on the series|Cosmos (Sagan book){{!}}''Cosmos'' (Sagan book)}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2012}}
{{Infobox television
| image              = CosmosTC.jpg
| genre              = Documentary
| creator            = {{Plainlist|
*[[Carl Sagan]]
*[[Ann Druyan]]
*[[Steven Soter]]}}
| director           = [[Adrian Malone]]
| presenter          = Carl Sagan
| narrated           =
| composer           = [[Vangelis]]; various artists
| country            = United States
| language           = English
| num_seasons        = 1
| num_episodes       = 13
| list_episodes      = 
| executive_producer = 
| producer           = {{Plainlist|
*Gregory Andorfer
*Rob McCain}}
| editor             = 
| cinematography     = 
| camera             = 
| runtime            = 60 minutes
| company            = 
| channel            = [[PBS]]
| first_aired        = {{Start date|1980|10|1}}
| last_aired         = {{End date|1981|1|1}}
| related            = {{Plainlist|
* ''[[Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey]]'' (2014)
* ''[[Cosmos: Possible Worlds]]'' (2020)
}}
}}

'''''Cosmos: A Personal Voyage''''' is a thirteen-part, 1980–81 television series written by [[Carl Sagan]], [[Ann Druyan]], and [[Steven Soter]], with Sagan as presenter. It was executive-produced by [[Adrian Malone]], produced by David Kennard, Geoffrey Haines-Stiles, and Gregory Andorfer, and directed by the producers, David Oyster, Richard Wells, Tom Weidlinger, and others. It covers a wide range of scientific subjects, including the [[origin of life]] and a perspective of our place in the universe. Owing to its [[Cosmos (Sagan book)|bestselling companion book]] and soundtrack album using the title, '''''Cosmos''''', the series is widely known by this title, with the subtitle omitted from home video packaging. The subtitle began to be used more frequently in the 2010s to differentiate it from the sequel series that followed.

The series was first broadcast by the [[Public Broadcasting Service]] in 1980, and was the most widely watched series in the history of American [[public television]] until ''[[The Civil War (TV series)|The Civil War]]'' (1990). As of 2009, it was still the most widely watched PBS series in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cosmolearning.com/documentaries/cosmos/|title=CosmoLearning Astronomy|publisher=CosmoLearning|access-date=October 8, 2009}}</ref> It won two [[Emmy Awards|Emmys]] and a [[Peabody Award]], and has since been broadcast in more than 60 countries and seen by over 500 million people.<ref name =Starchild>{{cite web | url=http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/whos_who_level2/sagan.html | title=StarChild: Dr. Carl Sagan | publisher=[[NASA]] | access-date=October 8, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/sagan_carl.html |title=Carl Sagan |publisher=EMuseum@Minnesota State University |access-date=October 8, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528213538/http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/information/biography/pqrst/sagan_carl.html |archive-date=May 28, 2010 |df=mdy }}</ref><!-- Retaining two refs here as Wikipedia seems to have incorrectly stated 500 million for years... --> A [[Cosmos (Sagan book)|book]] was also published to accompany the series.

''Cosmos: A Personal Voyage'' has been considered highly significant since its broadcast; [[David Itzkoff]] of ''[[The New York Times]]'' described it as "a watershed moment for science-themed television programming".<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/05/arts/television/fox-plans-new-cosmos-with-seth-macfarlane-as-a-producer.html | title = 'Family Guy' Creator Part of 'Cosmos' Update | work = [[The New York Times]] | date= August 5, 2011 | access-date = June 28, 2012 | first = Dave | last = Itzkoff }}</ref>

==Overview==
[[File:Sagan planetary orbits2.jpg|left|thumb|Sagan on the set of ''Cosmos'']]

''Cosmos'' was produced in 1978 and 1979 by Los Angeles [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]] member station [[KCET]] on a roughly $6.3 million budget, with over $2 million additionally allocated to promotion. The program's format is similar to earlier BBC documentaries such as [[Kenneth Clark]]'s ''[[Civilisation (television series)|Civilisation]]'', [[Jacob Bronowski]]'s ''[[The Ascent of Man]]'', and [[David Attenborough]]'s ''[[Life on Earth (TV series)|Life on Earth]]''. However, unlike those series, which were shot entirely on film, ''Cosmos'' used videotape for interior scenes and special effects, with film being used for exteriors and location shooting (this film-video hybrid format was common in British scripted television at the time, but less so in documentary productions). The BBC—a co-producer of ''Cosmos''—later screened the series, but the episodes were cut to fit 50-minute slots.

[[File:CosmosSagan5.jpg|left|thumb|Sagan in the series' episode "Blues for a Red Planet"]]

The series is notable for its groundbreaking use of special effects, which allow Sagan to seemingly walk through environments that are actually models rather than full-sized sets. The soundtrack includes pieces of music provided by Greek composer [[Vangelis]], such as ''Alpha'', ''Pulstar'', and ''[[Heaven and Hell (Vangelis album)|Heaven and Hell Part 1]]'' (the last movement serves as the signature theme music for the show, and is directly referenced by the title of the fourth episode). Throughout the 13 hours of the series, many tracks from several 1970s albums are used, such as ''[[Albedo 0.39]]'', ''[[Meddle]]'', ''[[Spiral (Vangelis album)|Spiral]]'', ''Ignacio'', ''[[Beaubourg (album)|Beaubourg]]'', and ''[[China (Vangelis album)|China]]''. The worldwide success of the documentary series put Vangelis' music in the homes of many, and brought it to the attention of a global audience.

[[Turner Home Entertainment]] purchased ''Cosmos'' from series producer KCET in 1989. In making the move to commercial television, the hour-long episodes were edited to shorter lengths, and Sagan shot new epilogues for several episodes, in which he discussed new discoveries—and alternative viewpoints—that had arisen since the original broadcast. A 14th episode, consisting of an interview between Sagan and [[Ted Turner]], was also produced. This new version of the series was eventually released as a VHS box set. This same re-edited version was also released on 12" [[LaserDisc]]. Two episodes were released per disc, one episode on each side. The LaserDiscs for the various episodes were sold separately, not in a boxed set (as was done for VHS).

''Cosmos'' was unavailable for many years after its initial release because of copyright issues with the soundtrack music, but when it was released in 2000 on [[DVD region code|worldwide]] [[NTSC]] DVD, subtitles in seven languages<ref>English, French, Italian, German, Spanish, [[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] and Japanese</ref> and remastered [[5.1]] sound were included, as well as an alternative music and sound effects track. In 2005, [[The Science Channel]] rebroadcast the series for its 25th anniversary, with updated [[computer graphics]] and film footage, [[digital sound]], and information about relevant scientific discoveries in the intervening 25 years. Despite being shown again on the Science Channel, the total amount of time for the original 13 episodes (780 minutes) was reduced 25% to 585 minutes (45 minutes per episode) in order to make room for commercials.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.habitablezone.com/space/messages/496458.html|title=Some of the missing scenes from Cosmos episode 2|date=June 17, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080617221439/http://www.habitablezone.com/space/messages/496458.html|archive-date=June 17, 2008}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20051001060701/http://science.discovery.com/convergence/cosmos/cosmos.html 25th Anniversary Rebroadcast of ''Cosmos''] on [[The Science Channel]]</ref><ref>[https://www.popmatters.com/tv/reviews/c/cosmos-051020.shtml ''Cosmos'' clips 25th Anniversary Edition] PopMatters Television Review, Bill Gibron, PopMatters, October 20, 2005</ref>

In a 2009 UK release, [[FremantleMedia|Fremantle Media]] Enterprises digitally restored and remastered the original series as a five-disc DVD set which included bonus science updates. 
{{Clear}}

==Episodes==
{{Episode table |background=#191970 |overall= |title= |airdate= |episodes=
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 1
| Title           = The Shores of the Cosmic Ocean
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|1}}
| ShortSummary    = Carl Sagan opens the program with a description of the cosmos and a "Ship of the Imagination" (shaped like a dandelion seed). The ship journeys through the universe's hundred billion [[galaxy|galaxies]], the [[Local Group]], the [[Andromeda Galaxy]], the [[Milky Way]], the [[Orion Nebula]], our [[Solar System]], and finally the planet Earth. [[Eratosthenes]]' successful calculation of the circumference of Earth leads to a description of the ancient [[Library of Alexandria]]. Finally, the "Ages of Science" are described, before pulling back to the full span of the [[Cosmic Calendar]]. Note: the revised version of the series adds an introduction by [[Ann Druyan]] to this episode, recorded after Sagan's death, in which she discusses some of the changes that occurred in the years after its broadcast.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 2
| Title           = One Voice in the Cosmic Fugue
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|5}}
| ShortSummary    = Sagan discusses the story of the [[Heikegani|Heike crab]] and [[artificial selection]] of crabs resembling [[samurai]] warriors, as an opening into a larger discussion of [[evolution]] through [[natural selection]] (and the pitfalls of [[intelligent design]]). Among the topics are the development of life on the [[Cosmic Calendar]] and the [[Cambrian explosion]]; the function of [[DNA]] in growth; genetic replication, repairs, and [[mutation]]; the common biochemistry of terrestrial organisms; the creation of the molecules of life in the [[Miller–Urey experiment]]; and speculation on alien life (such as [[Jupiter#Possibility of life|life in Jupiter's clouds]]). In the ''Cosmos Update'' ten years later, Sagan remarks on [[RNA]] also controlling chemical reactions and reproducing itself and the different roles of comets (potentially carrying organic molecules or causing the [[Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event]]).
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 3
| Title           = Harmony of the Worlds
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|12}}
| ShortSummary    = Beginning with the separation of the fuzzy thinking and pious fraud of [[astrology]] from the careful observations of [[astronomy]], Sagan follows the development of astronomical observation. Beginning with [[constellation]]s and ceremonial calendars (such as those of the [[Anasazi]]), the story moves to the debate between Earth and Sun-centered models: [[Ptolemy]] and the [[geocentric model|geocentric]] worldview, [[Nicolaus Copernicus]]' theory, the data-gathering of [[Tycho Brahe]], and the achievements of [[Johannes Kepler]] ([[Kepler's laws of planetary motion]] and the [[Somnium (novel)|first science-fiction novel]]).
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 4
| Title           = Heaven and Hell
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|19}}
| ShortSummary    = Sagan discusses [[comet]]s and [[asteroid]]s as planetary impactors, giving recent examples of the [[Tunguska event]] and a [[Giordano Bruno (crater)#Formation|lunar impact]] described by [[Canterbury]] monks in 1178. It moves to a description of the environment of [[Venus]], from the previous fantastic theories of people such as [[Immanuel Velikovsky]] to the information gained by the [[Venera]] landers and its implications for Earth's [[greenhouse effect]]. The ''Cosmos Update'' highlights the connection to [[global warming]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 5
| Title           = Blues for a Red Planet
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|10|26}}
| ShortSummary    = The episode, devoted to the planet [[Mars]], begins with scientific and fictional speculation about the Red Planet during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries ([[H. G. Wells]]' ''[[The War of the Worlds (novel)|The War of the Worlds]]'', [[Edgar Rice Burroughs]]' science fiction books, and [[Percival Lowell]]'s false vision of [[Martian canals|canals on Mars]]). It then moves to [[Robert Goddard (scientist)|Robert Goddard's]] early experiments in [[rocket]]-building, inspired by reading science fiction, and the work by [[List of planetary probes#Mars probes|Mars probes]], including the [[Viking probes|Viking]], searching for [[life on Mars (planet)|life on Mars]]. The episode ends with the possibility of the [[terraforming of Mars|terraforming]] and [[colonization of Mars|colonization]] of Mars and a ''Cosmos Update'' on the relevance of Mars' environment to Earth's and the possibility of a [[human mission to Mars]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 6
| Title           = Travellers' Tales
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|3}}
| ShortSummary    = The journeys of the [[Voyager program|Voyager]] probes are put in the context of the [[Renaissance in the Low Countries|Netherlands in the seventeenth century]], with a centuries-long tradition of [[sailing ship]] explorers, and its contemporary thinkers (such as [[Constantijn Huygens]] and his son [[Christiaan Huygens|Christian]]). Their discoveries are compared to the Voyager probes' discoveries among the [[Jupiter's natural satellites|Jovian]] and [[Saturn's natural satellites|Saturn systems]]. Sagan was a member of the Voyager research team, and production of the episode coincided with the probes arriving at Jupiter; at one point, Sagan is filmed receiving one of the first-ever images of one of Jupiter's moons. In ''Cosmos Update'', [[image processing]] reconstructs Voyager's worlds and Voyager's last portrait of the Solar System as it leaves is shown.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 7
| Title           = The Backbone of Night
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|11}}
| ShortSummary    = Carl Sagan teaches students in a classroom in his childhood neighborhood of [[Brooklyn]], New York, which leads into a history of the different mythologies about stars and the gradual revelation of their true nature. In ancient Greece, some philosophers ([[Aristarchus of Samos]], [[Thales of Miletus]], [[Anaximander]], [[Theodorus of Samos]], [[Empedocles]], [[Democritus]]) freely pursue scientific knowledge, while others ([[Plato]], [[Aristotle]], and the [[Pythagoreanism|Pythagoreans]]) advocate slavery and [[epistemic]] secrecy. Centuries later, re-discovery of the writings of the free-thinking Greek philosophers helps inspire participants in the [[Scientific Revolution]], which led to the development of the [[Copernican principle]] – the philosophical implications of which Sagan explores. The video then returns to the Brooklyn classroom where Sagan correctly gives students the prediction that astronomers will confirm the existence of [[exoplanet]]s within their lifetime.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 8
| Title           = Journeys in Space and Time
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|19}}
| ShortSummary    = Ideas about time and space are explored in the changes that [[constellation]]s undergo over time, the [[redshift]] and [[blueshift]] measured in interstellar objects, [[time dilation]] in [[Albert Einstein]]'s [[theory of relativity]], the designs of both [[Leonardo da Vinci]] and spacecraft that could travel near [[light speed]], [[time travel]] and its hypothetical effects on human history, the origins of the [[Solar System]], the history of life, and the immensity of space. Propping the curiosity about speed of light, Sagan suggested the possibility from the practical projects of the 20th century by British Interplanetary Society marking the beginning of interstellar travel with the projects named [[Project Orion (nuclear propulsion)|Project Orion]] and [[Project Daedalus]]. Although Project Orion was discontinued as a result of nuclear disarmament treaties, Project Daedalus pioneered the idea of using nuclear fusion rather than fission for a viable interstellar spacecraft. In ''Cosmos Update'', the idea of [[faster-than-light]] travel by [[wormhole]]s (researched by [[Kip Thorne]] and shown in Sagan's novel ''[[Contact (novel)|Contact]]'') is discussed.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 9
| Title           = The Lives of the Stars
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|11|25}}
| ShortSummary    = The simple act of making an apple pie is extrapolated into the [[atom]]s and subatomic particles ([[electron]]s, [[proton]]s, and [[neutron]]s) necessary. Many of the ingredients necessary are formed of chemical elements formed in the life and deaths of stars (such as our own Sun), resulting in massive [[red giant]]s and [[supernova]]e or collapsing into [[white dwarf]]s, [[neutron star]]s, [[pulsar]]s, and even [[black hole]]s. These produce all sorts of phenomena, such as [[radioactivity]], [[cosmic ray]]s, and even the curving of [[spacetime]] by gravity. ''Cosmos Update'' mentions the supernova [[SN 1987A]] and [[neutrino astronomy]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 10
| Title           = The Edge of Forever
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|12|6}}
| ShortSummary    = Beginning with the origins of the universe in the [[Big Bang]], Sagan describes the formation of different types of galaxies and anomalies such as [[galactic collision]]s and [[quasar]]s. The discoveries of [[Edwin Hubble]] and [[Milton L. Humason]] are described. The episode moves further into ideas about the [[shape of the universe|structure of the Universe]], such as different dimensions (in the imaginary [[Flatland]] and [[Four-dimensional space|four-dimensional]] [[Tesseract|hypercubes]]), an infinite vs. a finite universe, and the idea of an oscillating Universe (similar to that in [[Hindu cosmology]]). The search into other ideas such as [[dark matter]] and the [[multiverse]] is shown, using tools such as the [[Very Large Array]] in [[New Mexico]]. ''Cosmos Update'' shows new information about the odd, irregular surfaces of galaxies and the Milky Way perhaps being a [[barred spiral galaxy]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 11
| Title           = The Persistence of Memory
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|12|12}}
| ShortSummary    = The idea of intelligence is explored in the concepts of computers (using [[bit]]s as their basic units of information), whales (in their songs and their disruptions by human activities), [[DNA]], the [[human brain]] (the evolution of the [[brain stem]], [[frontal lobe]]s, [[neuron]]s, [[cerebral hemisphere]]s, and [[corpus callosum]] under the [[Triune brain|Triune Brain Model]]), and man-made structures for [[collective intelligence]] (cities, libraries, books, computers, and satellites). The episode ends with speculation on alien intelligence and the information conveyed on the [[Voyager Golden Record]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 12
| Title           = Encyclopaedia Galactica
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1980|12|20}}
| ShortSummary    = Questions are raised about the search for intelligent life beyond the Earth, with [[Unidentified flying object|UFOs]] and other close encounters refuted in favor of communications through [[SETI]] and radio telescope such as the [[Arecibo Observatory]]. The probability of technically advanced civilizations existing elsewhere in the Milky Way is interpreted using the [[Drake equation]] and a future hypothetical ''Encyclopedia Galactica'' is discussed as a repository of information about other worlds in the galaxy (similar to the [[Rosetta Stone]], with the life of decipherer [[Jean-François Champollion]] featured). The ''Cosmos Update'' notes that there have been fewer sightings of UFOs and more stories of [[UFO abduction|abductions]], while mentioning the [[Megachannel ExtraTerrestrial Assay|META]] scanning the skies for signals.
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
{{Episode list
| EpisodeNumber   = 13
| Title           = Who Speaks for Earth?
| OriginalAirDate = {{Start date|1981|1|1}}
| ShortSummary    = Sagan reflects on the future of humanity and the question of "who speaks for Earth?" when meeting extraterrestrials. He discusses the very different meetings of the [[Tlingit people]] and explorer [[Jean-François de Galaup, comte de La Pérouse|Jean-François de La Pérouse]] with the destruction of the [[Aztecs]] by Spanish [[conquistador]]s, the looming threat of [[nuclear warfare]], and the threats shown by the [[Library of Alexandria#Destruction of the Library|destruction of the Library of Alexandria]] and the murder of [[Hypatia of Alexandria|Hypatia]]. The episode ends with an overview of the beginning of the universe, the evolution of life, and the accomplishments of humanity and makes a plea to mankind to cherish life and continue its journey in the cosmos. The ''Cosmos Update'' notes the preliminary reconnaissance of planets with spacecraft, the fall of the [[Berlin Wall]] and the end of [[apartheid in South Africa]], and measures towards the reduction of [[nuclear weapons]].
| LineColor       = 191970
}}
}}

===Ted Turner Interviews Carl Sagan===
Some versions of the series, including the first North American home video release (though not the DVD release), included a specially-made fourteenth episode, which consisted of an hour-long interview between Sagan and [[Ted Turner]], released in 1981<ref>{{cite news |url=https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/11076/Cosmos-Episode-14-Ted-Turner-Interviews-Dr-Sagan/overview |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620135959/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/11076/Cosmos-Episode-14-Ted-Turner-Interviews-Dr-Sagan/overview |url-status=dead |archive-date=2008-06-20 |department=Movies & TV Dept. |work=[[The New York Times]] |author=Alice Day |date=2008 |title=Cosmos, Episode 14: Ted Turner Interviews Dr. Sagan (1981) }}</ref> in which the two discussed the series and new discoveries made in the years since its first broadcast.

==Special edition==
[[File:Cosmos a special edition3.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Title card of the special edition of ''Cosmos'']]
The 1986 special edition of ''Cosmos'' features new [[computer animated]] sequences and filmed segments with Sagan, as well as new narration. It includes content from Sagan's book [[Comet (book)|Comet]] and discussion of his theory of [[nuclear winter]]; this material was not used in subsequent television or home video releases. The special edition premiered as one marathon program on the [[TBS (TV network)|TBS]] network, and was later broadcast in Japan, Germany, Australia, Singapore, and Argentina. It is much shorter than the original version, at four and a half hours, divided into six 45-minute episodes:
# '''Other Worlds, Part 1'''
# '''Other Worlds, Part 2'''
# '''Children of the Stars, Part 1'''
# '''Children of the Stars, Part 2'''
# '''Message from the Sky, Part 1'''
# '''Message from the Sky, Part 2'''

The 1986 version of ''Cosmos'' contains a mix of music used in the original version, with a unique soundtrack composed by Vangelis specifically for the special edition. The score is often referred to as ''Comet'', as "Comet 16" is used during the opening and closing credits of each episode. Of the 21 cues, "Comet 16" is the only one that has been officially released, although some of the new music appears in the 2000 remastered DVD release.

==Music of ''Cosmos''==

===LP and cassette===
In 1981, a soundtrack LP<ref>{{cite web |title= Various – The Music Of Cosmos |url= http://www.discogs.com/Various-The-Music-Of-Cosmos/master/76173 |work= [[Discogs]] |date= 1981 |access-date=20 April 2014}}</ref> was released by [[RCA Records]] shortly after the series' airing, which included the signature theme "Movement 3" (from "Symphony to the Powers B" from the album ''Heaven and Hell'') by Greek synthesist and composer [[Vangelis]] (catalog No. ABL 1–4003 and TMS-50061; both also released on [[cassette tape]]).

'''Side A'''
#Space / Time Continuum
##"Movement 3" (from "Symphony to the Powers B" from the album ''[[Heaven and Hell (Vangelis album)|Heaven and Hell]]'') – [[Vangelis]]
##"[[Symphony No. 11 (Shostakovich)|Symphony No.11 In G Minor ('The Year 1905'), Op.103: The Palace Square (Adagio)]]" – [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] <small>(Performed by [[Leopold Stokowski]] and the [[Houston Symphony]])</small>
##"Alpha" (from the album ''[[Albedo 0.39]]'')– Vangelis
#Life
##"(Depicting) Cranes In Their Nest" – [[Goro Yamaguchi]]
##"[[Pachelbel's Canon]]" – [[Johann Pachelbel]] <small>(Performed by [[James Galway]])</small>
##"[[The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)|The Four Seasons: Spring]]" – [[Antonio Vivaldi]]
##"[[Inventions and Sinfonias (Bach)|The Sea Named 'Solaris' (BWV 788)]]" – [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] <small>(Performed by [[Isao Tomita]])</small>
#The Harmony of Nature
##"[[BWV 1006|Partita For Violin Solo No. 3 In E, BWV 1006]]" – Johann Sebastian Bach <small>(Performed by [[Arthur Grumiaux]])</small>
'''Side B'''
#<li value="4">Exploration
##"'Vishnu Symphony No. 19, Op. 217" – [[Alan Hovhaness]]
##"Legacy" – [[Larry Fast]]
##"[[Russian Easter Festival Overture]]" – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov <small>(Performed by [[Seattle Symphony]])</small>
##"Inside The Heart Of The Universe" – [[Toru Takemitsu]]
#Cataclism
##"Fly...Night Bird" – [[Roy Buchanan]]
##"Beaubourg, Part 2" – Vangelis
##"[[The Rite of Spring]]" – [[Igor Stravinsky]] <small>(Performed by [[Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra]])</small>
#Affirmation
##"Entends-Tu Les Chiens Aboyer?" – Vangelis
##"[[Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin]]" – Traditional <small>(Performed by [[Valya Balkanska]])</small>
##"Heaven & Hell, Part I" – Vangelis

===CD===
In 1994, RCA Records reissued the original soundtrack compilation on compact disc and, in 2002, reissued it on its Collectables label (RCA 07863 54003-2 USA; Collectables COL-CD-6293 USA). In 2002, a special two-disc "collector's edition" of music from the series was released to coincide with the DVD reissue, containing complete versions of many of the songs from the series only available as snippets on previous releases.

====Collector's Edition====
'''Disc One'''<ref name="discogs.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.discogs.com/Various-The-Music-Of-Cosmos-Selections-From-The-Score-Of-The-Television-Series-Cosmos-By-Carl-Sagan/release/1498417|title=Various - The Music Of "Cosmos": Selections From The Score Of The Television Series "Cosmos" By Carl Sagan|website=Discogs|date=2000 }}</ref>
#"Heaven & Hell, Part I" – [[Vangelis]] (4:09)
#"[[Symphony No. 11 (Shostakovich)|The Year 1905]]" – [[Dmitri Shostakovich]] <small>(Performed by [[Helsinki Philharmonic]])</small> (5:38)
#"Alpha" – Vangelis (5:42)
#"(Depicting) Cranes In Their Nest" – [[Goro Yamaguchi]] (1:00)
#"[[Clarinet Concerto (Mozart)|Clarinet Concerto in A Major, K. 622]]" – [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] <small>(Performed by [[Mostly Mozart Orchestra]])</small> (7:53)
#"[[Pachelbel's Canon]]" – [[Johann Pachelbel]] <small>(Performed by [[James Galway]])</small> (5:08)
#"Metamorphosis" – [[Jeffrey Boydstun]] (3:34)
#"[[Inventions and Sinfonias (Bach)|The Sea Named 'Solaris' (BWV 788)]]" – [[Johann Sebastian Bach]] <small>(Performed by [[Isao Tomita]])</small> (6:04)
#"[[BWV 1006|Partita For Violin Solo No. 3 In E, BWV 1006]]" – Johann Sebastian Bach <small>(Performed by [[Arthur Grumiaux]])</small> (2:53)
#"[[The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)|The Four Seasons: Spring]]" – [[Antonio Vivaldi]] (3:21)
#"Sonata C-Dur Für Trompete, Oboe, Und Basso Continuo" – [[Gottfried Finger]] <small>(Performed by [[Leipziger Bach-Collegium]])</small> (1:21)
#"[[Mandolin Concerto, RV425|Concerto For Mandolin & Strings In C Major]]" – Antonio Vivaldi (2:34)
#"[[The Tale of Tsar Saltan (Rimsky-Korsakov)|The Tale of Tsar Saltan]]" – [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]] (6:35)
#"Legacy" – [[Larry Fast]] (5:47)
#"[[Russian Easter Festival Overture]]" – Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov <small>(Performed by [[Seattle Symphony]])</small> (7:44)
'''Disc Two'''<ref name="discogs.com"/>
#"Pulstar" – Vangelis (5:13)
#"'Vishnu Symphony No. 19, Op. 217" – [[Alan Hovhaness]] (4:02)
#"Melancholy Blues" – [[Louis Armstrong and his Hot Seven|Louis Armstrong And His Hot Seven]] (2:59)
#"[[Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In|Aquarius]] – [[Hair (Original Off-Broadway Cast Recording)]] (3:56)
#"Beaubourg, Part 2" – Vangelis (3:14)
#"[[The Planets#Structure|The Planets: Mars]]" – [[Gustav Holst]] <small>(Performed by [[Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra]])</small> (7:09)
#"Alien Images 1" – [[Jeff Boydstun]] (3:24)
#"[[You're Not Alone (Roy Buchanan album)|Fly...Night Bird]]" – [[Roy Buchanan]] (7:43)
#"Entends-Tu Les Chiens Aboyer?" – Vangelis (2:50)
#"[[The Rite of Spring]]" – [[Igor Stravinsky]] <small>(Performed by [[Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra]])</small> (10:31)
#"Prayer of St. Gregory" – Alan Hovhaness <small>(Performed by [[Seattle Symphony]])</small> (4:45)
#"[[Izlel ye Delyo Haydutin]]" – Traditional <small>(Performed by [[Valya Balkanska]])</small> (5:01)
#"Comet 16" – Vangelis (3:48) ''(Only the special edition of Cosmos)''

===Singles===
The main theme, titled Heaven and Hell, Part 1, but edited from Heaven and Hell Part 1 3rd Movement, was released in the UK as an edited 7" single by BBC Records (Cat No: BBC1). The 7" single did not have the quiet keyboard intro to be found on the full Vangelis LP version originally released in 1975. The B-side of the 7" single was an edited version of Alpha, taken from the Vangelis LP Albedo 0.39.
* 1981 Heaven and Hell / Alpha RCA 71 UK
* 1981 Heaven and Hell / Alpha BBC 1
* 1981 Theme from the TV-series COSMOS / Alpha PB 5356 Holland
* 1981 Titelmelodie aus der TV-Serie "Unser Kosmos" / Alpha PB 5356 West-Germany

==Sequel series==
{{Main|Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey|Cosmos: Possible Worlds}}
On August 5, 2011, plans were announced for a sequel to the series, bringing up-to-date special effects and scientific discoveries to the themes and messages of the original series. The new 13-part series, referred to as ''[[Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey]]'', was originally announced to premiere in the 2012–13 United States network television schedule, but a Twitter update from astrophysicist [[Neil deGrasse Tyson]] in June 2012 indicated an early 2014 release. Episodes began airing March 9, 2014<ref>{{cite web|title=Library of Congress Officially Opens The Seth MacFarlane Collection of Carl Sagan and Ann Druyan Archive|url=https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2013/13-200.html|work=News from the Library of Congress|access-date=12 November 2013}}</ref> on the [[Fox Broadcasting Company|Fox Network]] and the next day on [[National Geographic Channel]].<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Wallenstein|first=Andrew|title=TCA: Fox aims for repeat-free sked|url=https://variety.com/2011/tv/news/tca-fox-aims-for-repeat-free-sked-1118040962/|magazine=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|access-date=29 October 2012}}</ref> The new series was hosted by Tyson and produced by the two surviving original creators, [[Ann Druyan]] and [[Steven Soter]], with [[Seth MacFarlane]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Blum|first=Matt|title=Cosmos Will Get a Sequel Hosted by Neil deGrasse Tyson|url=https://www.wired.com/geekdad/2011/08/cosmos-to-get-a-sequel-hosted-by-neil-degrasse-tyson/|access-date=August 5, 2011|newspaper=Wired|date=August 5, 2011}}</ref> Another sequel series from the same team (with Tyson again hosting), ''[[Cosmos: Possible Worlds]]'', premiered on March 9, 2020, on [[National Geographic (American TV channel)|National Geographic]].<ref name="cosmos2date">{{cite web|url=https://www.thewrap.com/neil-degrasse-tyson-cosmos-possible-worlds-premiere-date-nat-geo-fox-season-2/|title='Cosmos: Possible Worlds' Finally Gets Premiere Date at Nat Geo, Will Air Later on Fox|first=Jennifer|last=Maas|work=TheWrap|date=November 7, 2019|access-date=November 7, 2019}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
{{wiktionary|cosmos}}
{{Wikiquote|Carl Sagan}}
* [http://www.carlsagan.com/ The Carl Sagan Portal]
* {{IMDb title|id=0081846|title=Cosmos}}
* [http://www.vangelismovements.com/cosmos.htm The Music of ''Cosmos'': A Look at The Music of Vangelis Papathanassiou]
* [http://cosmic_voyager.tripod.com/cosmosindex.htm A Complete List of the ''Cosmos'' Soundtrack Music, based on the original cue sheets]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130303093634/http://www.videovista.net/reviews/jan10/cosmos.html ''Cosmos'' DVD review on VideoVista]

{{Cosmos}}
{{Carl Sagan}}
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[[Category:1980 American television series debuts]]
[[Category:1980 American television series endings]]
[[Category:1980s American documentary television series]]
[[Category:Astronomy education television series]]
[[Category:Documentary television series about astronomy]]
[[Category:Documentary television series about science]]
[[Category:PBS original programming]]
[[Category:Peabody Award–winning television programs]]
[[Category:Television series featuring reenactments]]
[[Category:Works by Carl Sagan]]