Editing Correa (plant)

{{Short description|Genus of flowering plants}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:''Correa'' (plant)}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Fleur de Correa reflexa.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Correa reflexa]]'' near [[Abercrombie Caves]]
| taxon = Correa
| authority = [[Henry Cranke Andrews|Andrews]]<ref name="APC">{{cite web |title=''Correa'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/80235|publisher=Australian Plant Census |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref>
|synonyms_ref = <ref name="APC" />
|synonyms =
* ''Antommarchia'' <small>[[Luigi Aloysius Colla|Colla]]</small> 
* ''Corraea'' <small>[[Sm.]] [[orth. var.]]</small>
* ''Correaea'' <small>[[Tom(Tomas) Erik von Post|T.Post]] & [[Otto Kuntze|Kuntze]] orth. var.</small>
* ''Correas'' <small>[[Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg|Hoffmanns.]] orth. var.</small>
* ''Corroea'' <small> [[Joseph Paxton|Paxton]] orth. var.</small>
* ''Didimeria'' <small>[[Lindl.]]</small> 
* ''Didymeria'' <small>Lindl. orth. var.</small>
* ''Euphocarpus'' <small>[[Steud.]]  nom. inval., pro syn.</small>
* ''Mazeutoxeron'' <small>[[Labill.]]</small>
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = See text.
}}
[[File:Correa baeuerlenii.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Correa baeuerlenii]]'']]
[[File:Correa Alba RTBG.jpg|right|thumb|''[[Correa alba]]'' in the [[Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens]]]]

'''''Correa''''' is a genus of eleven species of flowering plants in the family [[Rutaceae]] that are [[Endemism|endemic]] to Australia. Plants in the genus ''Correa'' are shrubs to small trees with simple leaves arranged in opposite pairs, [[Plant reproductive morphology#Bisexual|bisexual]] flowers with four [[sepal]]s, four [[petal]]s usually fused for most of their length and eight [[stamen]]s.

==Description==
Plants in the genus ''Correa'' are shrubs to small trees with simple leaves arranged in opposite pairs. The flowers are bisexual and are arranged in [[Cyme (botany)|cymes]] in leaf [[wikt:axil|axil]]s or on the ends of branchlets. The four sepals are fused, at least at the base, forming a cup-shaped [[Calyx (botany)|calyx]]. The four petals are usually fused for most of their length to form a tubular [[Corolla (botany)|corolla]] and the eight stamens are free from each other. There are four [[Gynoecium#Carpels|carpels]] fused at the base, the four [[Style (botany)|styles]] are fused and the [[Stigma (botany)|stigma]] is similar to the style. The [[Follicle (fruit)|follicles]] contain up to two dull brown seed that are released explosively.<ref name="RBGV">{{cite web |last1=Duretto |first1=Marco F. |title=''Correa'' |url=https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/dd66b45d-910c-46da-858e-88cc27df577c |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Victoria |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="FoA">{{cite web |last1=Wilson |first1=Paul G. |editor-last1=Wilson |editor-first1=Annette J.G.|editor-last2=Bolton |editor-first2=P.E. |title=''Correa'' |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Correa |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="RBGS">{{cite web |last1=Porteners |first1=Marianne F. |last2=Weston |first2=Peter H. |title=Genus ''Correa'' |url=http://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&showsyn=&dist=&constat=&lvl=gn&name=Correa |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref>

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Correa'' was first formally described in 1798 by [[Henry Cranke Andrews]] in ''The Botanist's Repository for New, and Rare Plants'' and the first species he described was ''[[Correa alba]]''.<ref name=APNI>{{cite web|title=''Correa''|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/496010|publisher=APNI|access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref><ref name="Andrews">{{cite book |last1=Andrews |first1=Henry Cranke |title=The Botanist's Repository for New, and Rare Plants |date=1798 |publisher=H.C.Andrews |location=London |page=18 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/108722#page/40/mode/1up |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref> The genus is named after the Portuguese botanist [[José Correia da Serra]] (1750–1823), known as Abbé Correa.<ref>1911 edition of ''Encyclopædia Britannica''.</ref>

===Species list===
The following is a list of species, subspecies and varieties of ''Correa'' accepted by the [[Australian Plant Census]] as at July 2020:<ref name="APC1">{{cite web |title=''Correa'' |url=https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/search?product=APC&tree.id=51209179&name=Correa&inc._scientific=&inc.scientific=on&inc._cultivar=&max=1000&display=apc&search=true|website=Australian Plant Census |access-date=9 July 2020}}</ref>
*''[[Correa aemula]]'' <small>(Lindl.) F.Muell.</small> (S.A., Vic.) - hairy correa
*''[[Correa alba]]'' <small>Andrews</small> (S.A., N.S.W., Vic., Tas.) - white correa
**''C. alba'' <small>Andrews</small> var. ''alba'' (N.S.W., Vic., Tas.)
**''C. alba'' var. ''pannosa'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A., Vic.) - velvet white correa
**''C. alba'' <small>Andrews</small> var. ''rotundifolia'' <small>DC</small> (Tas.) - Dunally correa 
*''[[Correa backhouseana]]'' <small> Hook.</small> (W.A., S.A., Vic., Tas.)
**''C. backhouseana'' <small>Hook.</small> var. ''backhouseana'' (Vic., Tas.) - coast correa, velvet correa
**''C. backhouseana''  var. ''coriacea'' <small>(Paul G.Wilson) Paul G.Wilson</small> (W.A., S.A.)
**''C. backhouseana'' var. ''orbicularis'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (Kangaroo Island) - round-leaf correa 
*''[[Correa baeuerlenii]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small> (N.S.W.) - chef's hat correa
*''[[Correa calycina]]'' <small>J.M.Black</small> (S.A.) - South Australian green correa
**''Correa calycina''  <small> J.M.Black</small> var. ''calycina'' (S.A.) - Hindmarsh correa
**''Correa calycina'' var. ''halmaturorum'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A.) - De Mole River correa
*''[[Correa decumbens]]'' <small>F.Muell.</small> (S.A.) - spreading correa
*''[[Correa eburnea]]'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A.) - Deep Creek correa
*''[[Correa glabra]]'' <small>Lindl.</small> (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., Vic.) - rock correa
**''C. glabra'' <small>Lindl.</small> var. ''glabra'' (Qld., N.S.W., Vic.)
**''C. glabra'' var. ''leucoclada'' <small>(Lindl.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A.,N.S.W.)
**[[Correa glabra var. turnbullii|''C. glabra'' var. ''turnbullii'']] <small>(Ashby) Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A.) - narrow-bell correa
*''[[Correa lawrenceana]]'' <small> Hook.</small> (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic. Tas.) - mountain correa
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. cordifolia|''C. lawrenceana'' var. ''cordifolia'']] <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic.) - pink mountain-correa
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. genoensis|''C. lawrenceana'' var. ''genoensis'']] <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W., Vic.) - Genoa River correa.
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. glandulifera|''C. lawrenceana'' var. ''glandulifera'']] <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (Qld., N.S.W.)
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. grampiana|''C. lawrenceana'' var. ''grampiana'']] <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (Vic.) - Grampians mountain-correa 
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. latrobeana|''C. lawrenceana.'' var. ''latrobeana'']] <small>(F.Muell. ex Hannaford) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W., Vic.)
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. lawrenceana|''C. lawrenceana'' <small>Hook.</small> var.'' lawrenceana'']] (Tas., A.C.T.)
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. macrocalyx|''C. lawrenceana'' var. ''macrocalyx'']] <small>(Blakely) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.)
** [[Correa lawrenceana var. rosea|''C. lawrenceana'' var. ''rosea'']] <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W.) - red mountain correa
*''[[Correa pulchella]]'' <small>Sweet</small> (S.A.) - salmon correa
*''[[Correa reflexa]]'' <small>(Labill.) Vent.</small> (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.) - common correa, native fuchsia
**''C. reflexa'' <small>(Labill.) Vent.</small> var. ''reflexa'' - Common Correa
**[[Correa reflexa var. angustifolia|''C. reflexa'' var. ''angustifolia'']]  <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (Vic.) - Grampians correa 
**''C. reflexa'' var. ''insularis'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A.)
**[[Correa reflexa var. lobata|''C. reflexa'' var. ''lobata'']] <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (Vic.) - Powelltown correa
**[[Correa reflexa var. nummulariifolia|''C. reflexa'' var. ''nummulariifolia'']] <small>(Hook.f.) Paul G.Wilson</small> (Tas.) - roundleaf correa
**''C. reflexa'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> var. ''reflexa'' (S.A., Qld., N.S.W., A.C.T., Vic., Tas.) - western correa
**''C. reflexa'' var. ''scabridula'' <small>Paul G.Wilson</small> (S.A., Vic.) - western correa
**[[Correa reflexa var. speciosa|''C. reflexa'' var. ''speciosa'']] <small>(Donn ex Andrews) Paul G.Wilson</small> (N.S.W., Vic.) - eastern correa

==Use in horticulture==
Many ''Correa'' hybrids are grown in Australian gardens. They are generally easy to grow. ''Correa alba'' and ''C. glabra'' varieties are the hardiest withstanding heavy frost and severe droughts. They can be grown in either full sun or a partly shaded spot in the garden. ''Correa glabra'' varieties have fragrant leaves. ''Correa lawrenceana'' is the largest of the correas. These need to be grown in the shade and do best in an understorey habitat. They are highly attractive to birds for both nectar and nest sites and are ideally planted in a thicket. ''Correa pulchella'' varieties produce the most beautiful coloured bells ranging from pale pink to deep orange to carmine. They need to be grown in part shade and watered regularly. ''Correa reflexa'' varieties range in colour from green to deep red. They also need to be grown in a partly shaded position and watered regularly. Some ''Correa'' species, such as ''C. eburnea'' and ''C. calycina'', are endangered and difficult to obtain in the nursery trade.{{citation needed|date=April 2020}}

There are also hundreds of named cultivars, many of which have been registered with the Australian Cultivar Registration Authority ([http://www.anbg.gov.au/acra/apni-cultivars.html ACRA]).

In cultivation in the UK the following species and cultivars have received the [[Royal Horticultural Society]]'s [[Award of Garden Merit]]:-
*''Correa backhouseana''<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/54825/Correa-backhouseana/Details
| title = ''Correa backhouseana'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 12 April 2020}}</ref> 
*''Correa pulchella''<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/4427/Correa-pulchella/Details
| title = ''Correa puchella'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 12 April 2020}}</ref> 
*''Correa reflexa''<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/30676/Correa-reflexa/Details
| title = ''Correa reflexa'' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 12 April 2020}}</ref> 
*''Correa'' 'Dusky Bells'<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/91923/Correa-Dusky-Bells/Details
| title = ''Correa'' 'Dusky Bells' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 12 April 2020}}</ref>
*''Correa'' 'Mannii' <ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.rhs.org.uk/Plants/30674/Correa-Mannii/Details
| title = ''Correa'' 'Mannii' | publisher = RHS | access-date = 12 April 2020}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{Commons category|Correa}}
"Correas: Australian Plants for Waterwise Gardens" Maria Hitchcock Rosenberg 2010

{{Taxonbar|from=Q2493931}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Correa (Plant)}}
[[Category:Correa (plant)| ]]
[[Category:Zanthoxyloideae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Henry Cranke Andrews]]