Editing Corrèze

{{short description|Department of France in Nouvelle-Aquitaine}}
{{other uses}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox settlement for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                   = Corrèze
| native_name            = {{native name|oc|Corresa}}
| native_name_lang       = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                   = [[Departments of France|Department of France]]
| image_skyline          = Tulle Préfecture.jpg
| image_alt              = 
| image_caption          = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]] building in [[Tulle]]
| image_flag             = Drapeau département fr Corrèze.svg
| flag_alt               = 
| image_shield           = Blason département fr Corrèze.svg
| shield_alt             = 
| nickname               = 
| motto                  = 
| image_map              = Corrèze-Position.svg
| map_alt                = 
| map_caption            = Location of Corrèze in France
| pushpin_map            = 
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_alt        = 
| pushpin_map_caption    = 
| coordinates            = {{coord|45|20|N|1|50|E|region:FR-19_type:adm2nd_scale:2000000|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint          = 
| coordinates_footnotes  = 
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = France
| subdivision_type1      = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
| established_title      = 
| established_date       = 
| founder                = 
| seat_type              = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                   = [[Tulle]]
| parts_type             = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style            = para
| p1                     = [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]<br>[[Ussel, Corrèze|Ussel]]
| government_footnotes   = 
| leader_party           = [[The Republicans (France)|LR]]
| leader_title           = [[President of the Departmental Council of Corrèze|President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name            = [[Pascal Coste (politician)|Pascal Coste]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux |url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba |website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises |date=4 May 2022 |language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref              = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude         = 
| area_footnotes         = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2         = 5857
| area_note              = 
| elevation_footnotes    = 
| elevation_m            = 
| elevation_min_m        = 
| elevation_max_m        = 
| population_total       = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of       = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes   = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank        = [[List of French departments by population|84th]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_demonym     = 
| population_note        = 
| blank_name_sec1        = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1        = 19
| blank_name_sec2        = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2        = [[Arrondissements of the Corrèze department|3]]
| blank1_name_sec2       = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2       = [[Cantons of the Corrèze department|19]]
| blank2_name_sec2       = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2       = [[Communes of the Corrèze department|279]]
| timezone1              = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1            = +1
| timezone1_DST          = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST        = +2
| postal_code_type       = 
| postal_code            = 
| area_code_type         = 
| area_code              = 
| iso_code               = FR-19
| website                = 
| footnotes              = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
| blank1_name_sec1       = Largest city
| blank1_info_sec1       = [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]
}}

'''Corrèze''' ({{IPA|fr|kɔʁɛz|-|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Corrèze.wav}}; {{langx|oc|Corresa}}) is a [[Departments of France|département]] in [[France]], named after the river [[Corrèze (river)|Corrèze]] which runs through it. Although its [[Prefectures in France|prefecture]] is [[Tulle]], its most populated city is [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]. Corrèze is located in the [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[Regions of France|region]], on the border with [[Occitania (administrative region)|Occitania]] and [[Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes]].

In 2019, Corrèze had a population of 240,073,<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep19.pdf Populations légales 2019: 19 Corrèze], INSEE</ref> divided among [[Communes of the Corrèze department|279 communes]]. Its inhabitants are called ''Corréziens'' (masculine) and ''Corréziennes'' (feminine). Its [[Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques|INSEE]] and postal code is 19.

==Geography==
The department makes up of most of Lower Limousin and owes its name to the Corrèze river whose entire course flows through the centre, and passes through the two main cities, [[Tulle]] and [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]. Tulle is the [[prefecture]] of Corrèze, and Brive-la-Gaillarde the largest city.

===Location===
Since 2015, the department is administered by the [[Nouvelle-Aquitaine]] [[regions of France|region]]. To the north, it borders the departments of [[Haute-Vienne]] and the [[Creuse]], to the east, the departments of [[Puy-de-Dôme]] and [[Cantal]], to the south of that of the [[Lot (department)|Lot]] and, finally, to the west of that of the [[Dordogne]].

===Geology and relief===
Located west of the [[Massif Central]], it consists of three zones: the Mountains (''Montagne''), the plateaus and the Brive Basin.

The mountains' peak at 977 m at [[Mount Bessou]]. Its [[Rhenohercynian Zone]] formation is quite eroded.

The plateaus have deep valleys that head towards the [[Dordogne (river)|Dordogne]] river, such as at the Gimel waterfalls.

South-west of Corrèze, the Brive [[sedimentary basin]] enjoys a more favourable climate. There are sandstone hills like [[Collonges-la-Rouge]].

===Hydrography===
The department is crossed by several rivers, such as [[Vézère]], Corrèze or the Dordogne.

===Climate===
The department transitions between the [[Aquitaine]] and the Massif Central, the Corrèze department sees its elevation gradually rise from the basin of Brive to the Plateau de Millevaches, watershed of the Atlantic facade. This relief explains the wide variety of climates of Corrèze.

===Principal towns===
The most populous commune is [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]; the prefecture [[Tulle]] is the second-most populous. As of 2019, there are 7 communes with more than 4,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 46,330
|-
| [[Tulle]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 14,812
|-
| [[Ussel, Corrèze|Ussel]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 9,358
|-
| [[Malemort]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 7,984
|-
| [[Saint-Pantaléon-de-Larche]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,751
|-
| [[Égletons]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,295
|-
| [[Ussac]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 4,215
|}

==History==
Corrèze is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790. It includes part of the [[provinces of France|former province]] of [[Limousin (province)|Limousin]] (the Bas-Limousin).

Within Corrèze the nineteenth-century railway planners, influenced in part by the department's topography, endowed [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]] with good connections and a major junction from which railway lines fanned out in six different directions. The railways arrived in 1860, at an opportune moment, directly after [[phylloxera]] had destroyed the local [[vineyard|wine industry]]. The new railways enabled the farms in the area surrounding Brive to specialise in fruits and vegetables which they could now transport rapidly to the larger population centres of central and southern France. Locally, the new agriculture triggered the development, in the Brive basin, of related businesses and industries such as the manufacture of jams and liquors, as well as timber/paper-based packaging businesses.

==Demographics==
The 1851 census recorded a population of 320,866: this remained relatively constant for the rest of the nineteenth century. During the twentieth century, however, Corrèze shared the experience of many of the country's rural departments as the population fell steadily.

{{historical populations|percentages=pagr|footnote=Sources:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/19his.html|title=Historique de la Corrèze|website=Le SPLAF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-19|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom|cols=2|align=none
|11=1791|12=269,767|13=1801|14=243,654|15=1806|16=254,233|17=1821|18=273,418|19=1831|20=294,834|21=1841|22=306,480|23=1851|24=320,864|25=1861|26=310,118|27=1872|28=302,746|29=1881|30=317,066|31=1891|32=328,151|33=1901|34=318,422|35=1911|36=309,673|37=1921|38=273,808|39=1931|40=264,129|41=1936|42=262,743|43=1946|44=254,574|45=1954|46=242,798|47=1962|48=237,926|49=1968|50=237,858|51=1975|52=240,363|53=1982|54=241,448|55=1990|56=237,908|57=1999|58=232,576|59=2006|60=240,363|61=2011|62=242,454|63=2016|64=241,535}}

==Politics==

The President of the General Council was [[François Hollande]] of the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] until 2012 when he was elected President of the Republic.  [[Jacques Chirac]] also served as a Deputy of the National Assembly from here for many years.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
|[[Union for a Popular Movement]] ||align="right"| 18
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 16
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|French Communist Party}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[French Communist Party]] ||align="right"| 2
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Left}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Left]] ||align="right"| 1
|-
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/|title=Assemblée nationale ~ Les députés, le vote de la loi, le Parlement français|first=Assemblée|last=Nationale|website=Assemblée nationale}}</ref>!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Corrèze's 1st constituency]]
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|The Republicans (France)}}" |
| [[Corrèze's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Frédérique Meunier]]
| [[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]]
|}

==Tourism==
<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:Uzerche, Église Saint-Pierre-PM 18517.jpg|[[Uzerche]]
File:Tulle 2207.jpg|[[Tulle]]
File:Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne Limousin France 2010 Kapel des Pénitents 4.jpg|[[Beaulieu-sur-Dordogne]]
File:Collonges-la-Rouge place.JPG|[[Collonges-la-Rouge]]
File:Argentat, July 2009.jpg|[[Argentat]]
</gallery>

==People==
People who were born or have significantly lived in Corrèze include:

* [[Étienne Baluze]] (1630–1718), scholar and personal librarian of [[Jean-Baptiste Colbert|Colbert]]
* [[Guillaume Marie Anne Brune]] (1763–1815), [[marshal of France]], marshal of the Empire and godfather of author [[Alexandre Dumas]]
* [[Jean Cazeneuve]] (1915–2005), philosopher and sociologist, president of the [[ORTF]] and of [[TF1]]
* [[Jacques Chirac]] (1932–2019), deputy to the [[Assemblée Nationale]] for Corrèze (1967–1995), President of the departement's [[general councils (France)|General Council]] (1970–1979), [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Prime Minister of France]] (1974–1976 and 1986–1988), [[Mayor of Paris]] (1977–1995) and 22nd [[President of the French Republic]] (1995–2007)
* [[Bernadette Chirac]] (1933– ), member of the departement's General Council and aide to the mayor of [[Sarran]]
* [[Pope Clement VI]] (1291–1352), 198th [[pope]], born Pierre Roger in [[Rosiers-d'Égletons]]
* In 1879 [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard]] built an iron smelter in Tulle to supply his Parisian cycle manufacturing business, but he did not have sufficient finance to make it viable.
* [[Marcel Conche]] (1922– ), philosopher
* [[Bernart de Ventadorn|Bernard de Ventadour]] (1135–1195), a famous [[troubadour]] born at the [[Château de Ventadour|castle of Ventadour]]
* [[Jacques Delors]] (1925– ), economist and politician, 8th [[President of the European Commission]] (1985–1994), father of socialist leader [[Martine Aubry]]
* [[Thomas Domingo]] (1985– ), [[France national rugby union team|French international]] [[rugby union]] player
* [[Guillaume Dubois]] (1656–1723), [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinal]] and statesman, [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Prime Minister of France]] during the [[Régence]]
* [[Léon Eyrolles]] (1861–1945), entrepreneur and politician
* [[David Feuerwerker]] (1912–1980), Rabbi and resistance member
* [[Antoinette Feuerwerker]] (1912–2003), lawyer and resistance member
* [[Eugène Freyssinet]] (1879–1962), [[structural engineer|structural]] and [[civil engineer]], major pioneer of [[prestressed concrete]]
* [[Pope Gregory XI]] (1329–1378), 201st pope and last French pope, born Pierre Roger de Beaufort in Rosiers-d'Egletons
* [[Cédric Heymans]] (1978– ), [[France national rugby union team|French international]] [[rugby union]] player
* [[François Hollande]] (1954– ), deputy for Corrèze (1988–1993 and 1997–2012), mayor of [[Tulle]] (2001–2008), President of the department's General Council (2008–2012), leader of the [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] (1997–2008), 24th [[President of the French Republic]] (2012–2017)
* The [[House of La Tour d'Auvergne]], viscounts of [[Turenne, Corrèze|Turenne]]
* The [[Duke of Noailles|House of Noailles]], dukes of [[Noailles, Corrèze|Noailles]] and [[Ayen]], which provided three [[Marshal of France|marshals of France]], one [[admiral of France]] and one [[archbishop of Paris]]
* [[Pope Innocent VI]] (1295–1362), 199th pope, born Etienne Aubert in [[Beyssac]]
* [[Laurent Koscielny]] (1985– ), [[association football|footballer]] who plays for [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in the [[Premier League]]
* [[Pierre André Latreille|Pierre-André Latreille]] (1762–1833), [[zoology|zoologist]] and [[entomology|entomologist]]
* [[André Malraux]] (1901–1976), writer, adventurer and statesman, member of the [[Maquis du Limousin|French Resistance in Corrèze]] during the [[Second World War]]
* [[Max Mamers]] (1943), born in Objat, racing driver, two-time champion of France of rallycross, organizer of the [[Andros]] Trophy and the Paris-Corrèze
* [[Jean-Antoine Marbot]] (1754–1800), [[Général|general]] of the [[French Army]] and politician, deputy of Correze in the [[Legislative Assembly (France)|Legislative Assembly]], deputy of Corrèze in the [[Council of the Ancients]], twice elected [[Council of Ancients#Presidents of the Council of Ancients|President of the Council of the Ancients]]
* [[Adolphe Marbot|Antoine Adolphe Marcelin Marbot]] (1781–1844), [[Général|general]] of the [[French Army]]
* [[Marcellin Marbot|Jean-Baptiste Antoine Marcelin Marbot]] (1782–1854), [[Général|general]] of the [[French Army]], author of the famous ''Memoirs of General Marbot''
* [[Edmond Michelet]] (1899–1970), politician and statesman, who did the first act of [[French Resistance|resistance]] of World War II in France by distributing tracts calling to continue the war in all [[Brive-la-Gaillarde]]'s mailboxes on 17 June 1940, one day before [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s [[Appeal of 18 June]]
* [[Richard Millet]] (1953— ), novelist and essayist, born in Viam.
* [[Marie-Anne Montchamp]] (1957– ), politician, former Secretary of State for Solidarities and Social Cohesion (2010–2012)
* [[Pierre Neuville]] (1922– ), author of "Les combats de ma vie" SDE (2013).
* [[Nam Phương|Marie-Thérèse Nguyễn Hữu Thị Lan]] (1914–1963), the last empress consort of the [[Nguyễn dynasty]] in [[Vietnam]]
* [[Robert Nivelle]] (1856–1924), [[Général|general]], commander-in-chief of the [[French Army|French armies]] on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]] in 1917
* [[Valérie Pécresse]] (1967– ), politician, former Minister of Higher Education and Research (2007–2011), former [[List of Budget Ministers of France|Minister of the Budget]] and Government's Spokeswoman (2011–2012)
* [[Edmond Perrier]] (1844–1921), anatomist and zoologist
* [[Henri Queuille]] (1884–1970), mayor of [[Neuvic, Corrèze|Neuvic]] (1912–1965), deputy for Corrèze (1914–1935 and 1946–1958), [[Senate of France|senator]] for Corrèze (1935–1941) who refused to vote full powers to Pétain in 1940, three times [[List of Prime Ministers of France|Prime Minister of France]] during the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]]
* [[Eric Rohmer]] (1920–2010), film director
* [[Patrick Sébastien]] (1953– ), born in Brive-la-Gaillarde, man of television, singer
* [[René Teulade]] (1931–2014), member of the Senate
* [[Denis Tillinac]] (1947– ), author and journalist
* [[Pierre Tornade]] (1930–2012), actor, born in Bort-les-Orgues
* [[Jean Baptiste Treilhard|Jean-Baptiste Treilhard]] (1742–1810), political figure of the [[French Revolution]], member of [[Committee of Public Safety]], president of the Convention that judged and sentenced to death [[King of France|King]] [[Louis XVI]], member of the [[French Directory|Directory]] and one of the redactors of the [[Napoleonic code]]s; he is buried in the [[Panthéon, Paris|Panthéon]]
* [[Marius Vazeilles]] (1881–1973), politician and archeologist
* [[Varg Vikernes]] (1973– ), Norwegian musician and writer
* [[Cédric Villani]] (1973– ), mathematician, [[Fields Medalist]] in 2010
* [[Pierre Villepreux]] (1943– ), rugby player
* [[Rose Warfman]] (1916–2016 ), resistance member
* [[Dimitri Yachvili]] (1980– ), [[France national rugby union team|French international]] [[rugby union]] player

==See also==
* [[Arrondissements of the Corrèze department]]
* [[Cantons of the Corrèze department]]
* [[Communes of the Corrèze department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{In lang|fr|cap=yes}} [https://www.correze.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website]
* {{In lang|fr|cap=yes}} [https://www.correze.fr/ Departmental Council website] 
* [http://www.lacorreze.com lacorreze.com] a lot of photos

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Correze}}
[[Category:Corrèze| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Nouvelle-Aquitaine]]
[[Category:Massif Central]]
[[Category:Nouvelle-Aquitaine region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]