Editing Cornwall, Pennsylvania

{{Short description|Borough in Pennsylvania, US}}
{{Other uses|Cornwall (disambiguation)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
 | official_name            = Cornwall, Pennsylvania
 | native_name              = 
 | other_name               = 
 | settlement_type          = Borough
 | image_skyline            = CornwallFurnacePA.jpg
 | imagesize                = 
 | image_caption            = [[Cornwall Iron Furnace]]
 | image_flag               = 
 | flag_size                = 
 | image_seal               = 
 | seal_size                = 
 | image_shield             = 
 | shield_size              = 
 | image_blank_emblem       = Cornwall, PA Keystone Marker.jpg
 | blank_emblem_type        = Keystone Marker
 | blank_emblem_size        = 250px
 | blank_emblem_link        = Keystone Markers
 | nickname                 = 
 | motto                    = 
<!-- images and maps ----------->
 | pushpin_map              = Pennsylvania#USA
 | pushpin_label_position   = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
 | pushpin_mapsize          = 
<!-- Location ------------------>
 | pushpin_map_caption      = Location in Pennsylvania##Location in the United States
 | coordinates              = {{coord|40|16|23|N|76|24|38|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
 | subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
 | subdivision_name         = United States
 | subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
 | subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Pennsylvania|County]]
 | subdivision_name1        = [[Pennsylvania]]
 | subdivision_name2        = [[Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Lebanon]]
 | established_title        = Settled
 | established_date         = 1734
 | established_title1       = Incorporated
 | established_date1        = 1926
 | government_footnotes     = 
 | government_type          = Borough Council
 | leader_title             = Council President
 | leader_name              = Carl Hilton [[United States Republican Party|(R)]]
 | leader_title1            = 
 | leader_name1             = 
 | unit_pref                = Imperial
 | area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
 | area_magnitude           = 
 | area_total_km2           = 25.27
 | area_total_sq_mi         = 9.76
 | area_land_km2            = 25.13
 | area_land_sq_mi          = 9.70
 | area_water_km2           = 0.14
 | area_water_sq_mi         = 0.05
 | area_water_percent       = 
 | elevation_footnotes      = 
 | elevation_m              = 
 | elevation_ft             = 554
 | population_total         = 4604
 | population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
 | population_footnotes     = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
 | population_density_km2   = 183.20
 | population_density_sq_mi = 474.49
 | population_note          = 
 | postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
 | postal_code              = 17016
 | area_code                = [[Area code 717|717]]
 | website                  = {{URL|www.cornwall-pa.com}}
 | footnotes                = 
 | pushpin_label            = Cornwall
 | leader_title2            = 
 | leader_name2             = 
 | leader_title3            = 
 | leader_name3             = 
 | leader_title4            = 
 | leader_name4             = 
 | timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
 | utc_offset               = -5
 | timezone_DST             = EDT
 | utc_offset_DST           = -4
 | pop_est_as_of            = 
 | pop_est_footnotes        = 
 | population_est           = 
 | blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
 | blank_info               = 42-16256
 | image_map                = File:Lebanon County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Cornwall Highlighted.svg
 | map_caption              = Location in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
}}
'''Cornwall''' is a [[borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] in [[Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Lebanon County]], [[Pennsylvania]], United States. It is part of the [[Lebanon, PA]] [[Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. The population was 4,604 at the 2020 census.<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021">{{cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=9 July 2022}}</ref>

==History==
Cornwall was initially settled by [[Peter Grubb (mason)|Peter Grubb]] in 1734.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=73rVQ-XYaVQC&q=cornwall+pennsylvania|title=Cornwall Iron Furnace: Pennsylvania Trail of History Guide|last=Dieffenbach|first=Susan|date=2003-01-01|publisher=Stackpole Books|isbn=9780811726245|language=en}}</ref> Peter was a [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester County]] stonemason who came to, what was then [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]], in search of high quality stone for [[quarry]]ing. First building his house and then a store, he discovered [[magnetite]] iron ore nearby and decided to test its quality, he found the ore to be exceedingly pure. Grubb wrote to Philadelphia and in 1734 was granted a warrant to purchase {{convert|300|acre|km2}} of land. For three years Peter followed veins of ore until he found a large deposit that was easily accessible; however, this ore was not within the bounds of his property. So in 1737 he purchased an additional {{convert|142.5|acres|km2}} of land.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z7uwAAAAIAAJ&q=cornwall+the+people+and+culture+of+an+industrial+camelot|title=Cornwall: the people and culture of an industrial Camelot, 1890-1980|last1=Oblinger|first1=Carl D.|last2=Commission|first2=Pennsylvania Historical and Museum|date=1984-06-01|publisher=Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission|isbn=9780892710287|language=en}}</ref> In 1742, Peter built a cold blast [[Cornwall Iron Furnace|furnace]] and named it Cornwall, after his father's birthplace in [[Cornwall|England]]. The Cornwall Iron Mine was, at one time, the largest open-pit mining operation in the world. They were mined continuously until June 30, 1973, totaling 236 years of production.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vLi5cKQASe0C&q=images+of+america+cornwall&pg=PA130|title=Cornwall|last1=Boyer|first1=Charles|last2=Donley|first2=Robert|date=2011-01-01|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=9780738574653|language=en}}</ref>

Finding the necessary components nearby for smelting iron (water, limestone and timber for charcoal), Grubb built the [[Cornwall Iron Furnace]] and began production in 1742. The operation also included the [[Hopewell (on Hammer Creek)|Hopewell Forges]] on nearby [[Hammer Creek]]. Peter Grubb did not stay long to run the operation, but leased it out in 1745 for 20 years and returned to [[Wilmington, Delaware]]. In 1765, Peter's sons [[Curtis Grubb|Curtis]] and [[Peter Grubb, Jr.|Peter Jr.]] took over the operation, and in 1798 it passed to [[Robert Coleman (industrialist)|Robert Coleman]] and his family. Cornwall Furnace was in production from 1742 until 1883, and appears today much as it was when production ended. In 1932 the Coleman family deeded the property to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and it is now a designated [[National Historic Landmark]] open to the public.<ref>{{cite book | last = Dieffenbach | first = Susan | title = Cornwall Iron Furnace, Pennsylvania Trail of History Guide | publisher = Stackpole Books  | year = 2003 }}</ref>

Eventually the whole town became known as Cornwall. It was incorporated as a borough on October 11, 1926, after having been a part of [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] and for a while of [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin County]]. At the time it officially became a borough, it comprised six widely separated villages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.cornwall-pa.com/CommunityInfo/History|title=History of Cornwall|website=www.cornwall-pa.com}}{{Dead link|date=July 2020 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

[[Alden Villa]] was added to the [[National Register of Historic Places]] in 2011.<ref name="nps">{{cite web|url=http://www.nps.gov/nr/listings/20110805.htm|title=National Register of Historic Places Listings|date=2011-04-29|work=Weekly List of Actions Taken on Properties: 4/18/11 through 4/22/11|publisher=National Park Service}}</ref>

==Geography==
Cornwall is located at {{coord|40|16|23|N|76|24|38|W|type:city}} (40.273192, -76.410667).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the borough has a total area of {{convert|9.9|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|9.8|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.1|sqmi|km2}} (1.11%) is water.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1930= 1837
|1940= 1680
|1950= 1760
|1960= 1934
|1970= 2111
|1980= 2653
|1990= 3231
|2000= 3486
|2010= 4112
|2020= 4604
|footnote=Sources:<ref name="USDecennialCensus">{{cite web|title=Census of Population and Housing|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=11 December 2013}}</ref><ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref><ref name=CensusPopEst>{{cite web|title=Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|work=Population Estimates|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=11 December 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130611010502/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2012/SUB-EST2012.html|archive-date=11 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 3,486 people, 1,210 households, and 965 families residing in the borough. The population density was {{convert|357.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,261 housing units at an average density of {{convert|129.2|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 97.79% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.34% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.20% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 1.06% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.32% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.29% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.75% of the population.

There were 1,210 households, out of which 32.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 71.9% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 4.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.2% were non-families. 17.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 2.91.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 20.9% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 22.7% from 25 to 44, 28.1% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 46 years. For every 100 females there were 89.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.9 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $59,550, and the median income for a family was $66,964. Males had a median income of $44,926 versus $28,125 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $27,904. About 1.1% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 4.2% of those age 65 or over.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|www.cornwall-pa.com}}

{{Lebanon County, Pennsylvania}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Populated places established in 1737]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:1926 establishments in Pennsylvania]]