Editing Colusa, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
|name = Colusa, California
|official_name            = City of Colusa
|settlement_type          = [[List of municipalities in California|City]]
| image_skyline            = {{Photomontage
| photo1a                   = Colusa 1926 high school from NW 2.JPG
| photo2a                   = Colusa, California city hall from NE 1.JPG
| spacing                   = 1
| color_border              = white
| color                     = white
| size                      = 310
| foot_montage              = Top: [[Colusa High School and Grounds|Old Colusa High School]]; bottom: Colusa City Hall.
}}
|image_seal               = Colusa ca seal.png
|image_map                = File:Colusa County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Colusa Highlighted 0614946.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location of Colusa in Colusa County, California
|image_map1               = 
|mapsize1                 = 
|map_caption1             = 
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief          = 1
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[California]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Colusa County, California|Colusa]]
|established_title        = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date         = June 16, 1868<ref>{{Cite web
 |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc 
 |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date 
 |format=Word 
 |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s 
 |access-date=March 27, 2013 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc 
 |archive-date=November 3, 2014 }}</ref>
|government_type          = 
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
<!-- Area------------------>
|area_magnitude           = 
| unit_pref               = Imperial
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 30, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi        = 3.42
| area_land_sq_mi         = 3.42
| area_water_sq_mi        = 0.00
| area_total_km2          = 8.87
| area_land_km2           = 8.87
| area_water_km2          = 0.00
| area_water_percent      = 0
| area_note               = 
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref>{{Cite GNIS|277602|Colusa|access-date=October 23, 2014}}</ref>
|elevation_ft             = 49
|elevation_m              = 15
<!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 6411
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_est           = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 1872.37
|population_metro         = 
|timezone                 = [[Pacific Time Zone|Pacific]]
|utc_offset               = -8
|coordinates              = {{coord|39|12|52|N|122|00|34|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|timezone_DST             = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST           = -7
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 95932
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 530|530]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info               = {{FIPS|06|14946}}
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info              = {{GNIS4|277602}}, {{GNIS4|2410204}}
|footnotes                = 
|website                  = {{URL|www.cityofcolusa.com}}
|population_density_km2   = 722.93
}}

'''Colusa''' is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Colusa County, California]], located in the [[Sacramento Valley]] region of the [[Central Valley (California)|Central Valley]]. The population was 5,971 at the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], up from 5,402 at the [[2000 United States census|2000 census]]. Colusa originates from the local Coru [[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] tribe, who in the 1840s lived on the opposite side of the [[Sacramento River]].

==History==
[[Image:Colusa Cty Courthouse 1908.jpg|thumb|left|Colusa County Courthouse in 1908]]
[[File:Colusa,_California_police_department_from_SE_2.JPG|thumb|left|The former [[Colusa Carnegie Library]] was built in 1906.]]
In 1850, Charles D. Semple purchased the Rancho Colus Mexican land grant on which Colusa was founded and called the place Salmon Bend. The town was founded, under the name Colusi, by Semple in 1850. The first post office was established the following year, 1851. The California legislature changed the town's (and the county's) name to Colusa in 1854. The town flourished due to its location on the [[Southern Pacific Railroad]]. Several travelers rest stops were established at various road distances from Colusa, including Five Mile House, Seven Mile House, Nine Mile House, Ten Mile House, Eleven Mile House, Fourteen Mile House (also called Sterling Ranch), Sixteen Mile House (at the current location of [[Princeton, California|Princeton]]), and Seventeen Mile House. The original settlement of what became Colusa was originally placed at the site of Seven Mile House but subsequently removed to its current site in 1850.<ref>{{California's Geographic Names|468}}</ref>

===Lynching of Hong Di===
On July 10, 1887, convicted murderer Hong Di, an immigrant from [[China]], was dragged from the Colusa jail and was forced by over a hundred and fifty men through the streets of Colusa's Chinatown, before he was hanged from the rafters of the locomotive turntable of the [[Colusa and Lake Railroad]]. Di, who had worked as a servant for the Billiou family of [[St. Johns, California]], had shot and killed his employer Julie Billiou on April 7, 1887. He was captured on May 22, 1887, near [[Gridley, California]].<ref>Kulczyk,David. (2008). California Justice: Shootouts, Lynching and Assassinations in the Golden State. Word Dancer Press. P44  {{ISBN|1-884995-54-3}}</ref>

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.8|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land. According to the [[United States Geological Survey]], the city's location is at {{coord|39|12|52|N|122|00|34|W}}.

Colusa is on the Sacramento River, which has a high levee so that the river is not clearly apparent from the city.

Colusa features a historic Chinatown, Carnegie Library building constructed in 1905, and an architecturally noteworthy courthouse built in a classical style, among its historically notable buildings.

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Colusa has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=849140&cityname=Colusa%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Colusa, California]</ref>

<div style="width:80%">
{{Weather box
|location = Colusa, California, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present
|single line = Y

|Jan record high F = 78
|Feb record high F = 81
|Mar record high F = 89
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 106
|Jun record high F = 112
|Jul record high F = 112
|Aug record high F = 114
|Sep record high F = 114
|Oct record high F = 105
|Nov record high F = 89
|Dec record high F = 76
|year record high F =

|Jan avg record high F = 66.1
|Feb avg record high F = 71.6
|Mar avg record high F = 79.3
|Apr avg record high F = 88.8
|May avg record high F = 95.6
|Jun avg record high F = 102.1
|Jul avg record high F = 104.7
|Aug avg record high F = 102.4
|Sep avg record high F = 100.8
|Oct avg record high F = 92.4
|Nov avg record high F = 76.7
|Dec avg record high F = 65.2
|year avg record high F = 105.9

|Jan high F = 54.6
|Feb high F = 60.2
|Mar high F = 66.5
|Apr high F = 73.4
|May high F = 81.1
|Jun high F = 88.2
|Jul high F = 92.4
|Aug high F = 91.7
|Sep high F = 89.1
|Oct high F = 79.0
|Nov high F = 64.1
|Dec high F = 54.5
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 46.4
|Feb mean F = 50.7
|Mar mean F = 55.1
|Apr mean F = 59.7
|May mean F = 67.3
|Jun mean F = 73.4
|Jul mean F = 76.2
|Aug mean F = 74.9
|Sep mean F = 71.8
|Oct mean F = 63.5
|Nov mean F = 53.0
|Dec mean F = 46.1
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 38.2
|Feb low F = 41.1
|Mar low F = 43.8
|Apr low F = 46.1
|May low F = 53.4
|Jun low F = 58.7
|Jul low F = 59.9
|Aug low F = 58.1
|Sep low F = 54.4
|Oct low F = 47.9
|Nov low F = 41.8
|Dec low F = 37.7
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = 29.8
|Feb avg record low F = 32.4
|Mar avg record low F = 34.9
|Apr avg record low F = 36.0
|May avg record low F = 43.8
|Jun avg record low F = 50.1
|Jul avg record low F = 52.8
|Aug avg record low F = 52.1
|Sep avg record low F = 47.4
|Oct avg record low F = 40.1
|Nov avg record low F = 31.7
|Dec avg record low F = 28.8
|year avg record low F = 26.3

|Jan record low F = 17
|Feb record low F = 20
|Mar record low F = 24
|Apr record low F = 24
|May record low F = 31
|Jun record low F = 34
|Jul record low F = 35
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 35
|Oct record low F = 31
|Nov record low F = 22
|Dec record low F = 14
|year record low F =

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.59
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.97
|Mar precipitation inch = 2.19
|Apr precipitation inch = 1.00
|May precipitation inch = 0.84
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.51
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.01
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.03
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.11
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.87
|Nov precipitation inch = 1.91
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.17
|year precipitation inch =

|Jan precipitation days = 10.6
|Feb precipitation days = 8.6
|Mar precipitation days = 8.2
|Apr precipitation days = 5.0
|May precipitation days = 3.0
|Jun precipitation days = 1.0
|Jul precipitation days = 0.1
|Aug precipitation days = 0.2
|Sep precipitation days = 0.5
|Oct precipitation days = 2.6
|Nov precipitation days = 5.8
|Dec precipitation days = 9.3

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00041948&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access
|access-date = September 3, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = XMACIS2<ref name=XMACIS2>
{{cite web
|url = https://xmacis.rcc-acis.org/
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = xmACIS2
|access-date = June 29, 2024
}}
</ref>
}}
</div>

====Climate events====

During December 1996&ndash;January 1997, the nearby Colusa Weir Gauge reached flood stage. This historic flooding event devastated the region by destroying thousands of crop acres (rice, tomatoes, alfalfa) and property. The Colusa Weir Gauge reached flood stage {{convert|68.67|ft|m}} on January 3, 1997.<ref>{{Cite web
| url = http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/storm_summaries/jan1997storms.php
| title = California Nevada River Forecast Center
| last = CNRFC
| first = NOAA's National Weather Service -
| website = www.cnrfc.noaa.gov
| language = EN-US
| access-date = March 2, 2016
}}</ref>

==Film production==
The crime drama movie ''[[...tick...tick...tick...]]'' (1970), starring [[Jim Brown]], was filmed in downtown Colusa, featuring the historic courthouse. The setting of the film in [[Mississippi]] is referred to as "Colusa County".<ref>{{Cite web
| url = https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/24080/tickticktick
| title = ...tick...tick...tick... (1970) - Overview - TCM.com
| website = Turner Classic Movies
| access-date = March 2, 2016
}}</ref> The movie explores what happens when an African-American is elected sheriff for the town.

==Demographics==
[[File:Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church in Colusa California (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Our Lady of Sorrows Catholic Church, a parish of the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento]].]]
{{US Census population
|1870= 1051
|1880= 1779
|1890= 1336
|1900= 1441
|1910= 1582
|1920= 1846
|1930= 2116
|1940= 2285
|1950= 3031
|1960= 3518
|1970= 3842
|1980= 4075
|1990= 4934
|2000= 5402
|2010= 5971
|2020= 6411
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Colusa had a population of 5,971. The population density was {{convert|3,255.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Colusa was 3,944 (66.1%) White, 54 (0.9%) African American, 107 (1.8%) Native American, 80 (1.3%) Asian, 28 (0.5%) Pacific Islander, 1,510 (25.3%) from other races, and 248 (4.2%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3,128 persons (52.4%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0614946|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715024220/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0614946|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Colusa city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The census reported that 5,916 people (99.1% of the population) lived in households, 4 (0.1%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 51 (0.9%) were institutionalized.

There were 2,142 households, 890 (41.5%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,080 (50.4%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 290 (13.5%) had a female householder with no husband present, 135 (6.3%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 128 (6.0%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 13 (0.6%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 555 households (25.9%) were one person and 224 (10.5%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.76. There were 1,505 families (70.3% of households); the average family size was 3.35.

The age distribution was 1,789 people (30.0%) under the age of 18, 484 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 1,566 people (26.2%) aged 25 to 44, 1,435 people (24.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 697 people (11.7%) who were 65 or older. The median age was 33.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.2 males.

The median value of a home was $196,400.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.towncharts.com/California/Housing/Colusa-city-CA-Housing-data.html | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714184040/http://www.towncharts.com/California/Housing/Colusa-city-CA-Housing-data.html | url-status=usurped | archive-date=July 14, 2014 | title=Colusa CA Housing data}}</ref> There were 2,282 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,244.1|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}},of which 2,142 were occupied, 1,191 (55.6%) by the owners and 951 (44.4%) by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.4%; the rental vacancy rate was 2.3%. 3,233 people (54.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 2,683 people (44.9%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 5,402 people in 1,897 households, including 1,365 families, in the city. The population density was {{convert|3,244.0|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 2,016 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,210.7|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|units&nbsp;|units|}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 68.7% White, 0.3% Black or African American, 1.8% Native American, 1.5% Asian, 0.8% Pacific Islander, 23.3% from other races, and 3.8% from two or more races. 41.7% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
Of the 1,897 households 40.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54.7% were married couples living together, 11.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.0% were non-families. 23.7% of households were one person and 10.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.81 and the average family size was 3.33.

The age distribution was 30.2% under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.4% 65 or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.9 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $35,250, and the median family income was $41,833. Males had a median income of $32,006 versus $20,510 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,251. About 14.2% of families and 17.2% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

==Economy==
[[Colusa County]] industry is dominated by agriculture, primarily in rice crops and tree nuts like almonds and walnuts. It's one of the top rice producing counties in the United States with over 135,000 acres harvested in 2016.<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://www.countyofcolusa.org/DocumentCenter/Index/143 | title=Colusa County, CA - Official Website}}</ref>

Major employers in Colusa include [[Colusa County, California|Colusa County]] and [[Colusa Unified School District]]. [[Sunsweet Growers]] has a plant just outside of city limits.<ref>Search Results – Carmel, California – [http://www.referenceusa.com/ Data Axle Reference Solutions] Current Businesses</ref>

==Politics==
[[File:Colusa, California city hall NE center 2.JPG|thumb|right|Colusa City Hall.]]
In the [[California State Legislature|state legislature]], Colusa is in {{Representative|casd|4|fmt=sdistrict}},<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://senate.ca.gov/senators 
|title=Senators 
|access-date=March 21, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref> and {{Representative|caad|3|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
|url=http://assembly.ca.gov/assemblymembers
|title=Members Assembly
|access-date=March 21, 2013
|publisher=State of California}}</ref> Federally, Colusa is in {{Representative|cacd|3|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|3|access-date=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

==Education==
Colusa is served by the Colusa Unified School District formed by three schools: Burchfield Primary School, Egling Middle School, and Colusa High School. The high school's mascot is the Redhawks. Starting in the 2011–12 academic year, the name of the high school mascot was changed from the Redskins to the Redhawks amid controversy over using names and insignia deemed derogatory toward Native Americans.

==Notable people==
*[[Bill Cunningham (outfielder)|Bill Cunningham]], Major League Baseball player
*[[Byron De La Beckwith]], convicted assassin of civil rights activist [[Medgar Evers]]
*[[Mike Griffin (pitcher)|Mike Griffin]], Major League Baseball pitcher

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Colusa, California}}
*{{Official website}}

{{Colusa County, California}}
{{California county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Colusa, California| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Colusa County, California]]
[[Category:County seats in California]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places on the Sacramento River]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1850]]
[[Category:1850 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1868]]
[[Category:1868 establishments in California]]