Editing Clupeiformes

{{Short description|Order of fishes}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Barremian|present|[[Barremian]]–present|ref=<ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Figueiredo |first=Francisco J. |date=2009-12-12 |title=A new clupeiform fish from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1671/039.029.0402 |journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology |language=en |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=993–1005 |doi=10.1671/039.029.0402 |bibcode=2009JVPal..29..993D |issn=0272-4634}}</ref>}}
| image = Herring2.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_caption = [[Atlantic herring]], ''Clupea harengus''
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Clupeiformes
| authority = [[Edwin Stephen Goodrich|Goodrich]], 1909<ref name = N&T>{{cite journal |author=Thomas J. Near |author2=Christine E. Thacker |title=Phylogenetic Classification of Living and Fossil Ray-Finned Fishes (Actinopterygii) |journal=Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History |date=2024 |volume=65 |issue=1 |pages=3–302 |doi=10.3374/014.065.0101|bibcode=2024BPMNH..65..101N }}</ref>
| subdivision_ranks = Families
| subdivision = See text
| type_species = ''[[Clupea harengus]]''
| type_species_authority = [[Carl Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[10th edition of Systema Naturae|1758]]
}}

'''Clupeiformes''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|uː|p|iː|ᵻ|f|ɔːr|m|iː|z}} is the order of [[Actinopterygii|ray-finned fish]] that includes the [[herring]] family, [[Clupeidae]], and the [[anchovy]] family, [[Engraulidae]] and [[Sardine|sardines]]. The group includes many of the most important [[Forage fish|forage]] and [[food fish]].

Clupeiformes are [[physostome]]s, which means that their [[gas bladder]] has a [[pneumatic duct]] connecting it to the [[Gut (zoology)|gut]]. They typically lack a [[lateral line]], but still have the eyes, [[Fish fin|fins]] and [[Fish scale|scales]] that are common to most fish, though not all fish have these attributes. They are generally silvery fish with streamlined, spindle-shaped bodies, and they often [[Shoaling and schooling|school]]. Most species eat [[plankton]] which they filter from the water with their [[gill raker]]s.<ref name=EoF>{{cite book |editor1=Paxton, J.R. |editor2=Eschmeyer, W.N. |author= Nelson, Gareth|year=1998|title=Encyclopedia of Fishes|publisher= Academic Press|location=San Diego|pages= 91–95|isbn= 0-12-547665-5}}</ref> 

{{anchor|Isospondyli}}
The former order of '''Isospondyli''' was subsumed mostly by Clupeiformes,<ref>{{cite book|title=Journal of Ichthyology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FhAkAQAAIAAJ|volume=46|year=2006|publisher=Scripta|page=S40|quote= within Isospondyli (= Clupeiformes ''[[sensu lato|s. lato]]'')}}</ref> but some isospondylous fishes (isospondyls) were assigned to [[Osteoglossiformes]], [[Salmoniformes]], [[Cetomimiformes]], etc.<ref>{{cite book|author=lfonso L. Rojo|title=Dictionary of Evolutionary Fish Osteology|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Uc03DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT170|year=2017|publisher=CRC |isbn=978-1-351-36604-5|page=170|quote= Under the name '''Isospondyli''', Regan (1909) grouped the fishes having the verterbrae immediately after the skull similar in shape to the remaining ones, in contrast to the [[ostariophysan]]s, in which the anterior vertebrae are greatly modified. Modern classifications have rejected this artificially constructed group, and the fishes previously assigned to it have been distributed among different orders (Clupeiformes, Osteoglossiformes, Salmoniformes, Cetomimiformes, etc.)}}</ref>

Their [[sister group]] were the extinct [[Ellimmichthyiformes]], which were dominant throughout much of the [[Cretaceous]] and into the [[Paleogene]],<ref name=":02">{{Cite book |last1=Nelson |first1=Joseph S. |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119174844 |title=Fishes of the World |last2=Grande |first2=Terry C. |last3=Wilson |first3=Mark V. H. |date=2016-02-22 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-1-118-34233-6 |doi=10.1002/9781119174844}}</ref> and often coexisted with clupeiforms at many known localities. Both groups closely resembled each other morphologically, although the ellimmichthyiformes evolved some highly divergent body plans later in the Cretaceous.

Several fossil clupeiforms are known from the [[Early Cretaceous]] of [[South America]] that appear to be more closely allied with Clupeioidei over the [[Denticle herring|Denticipitidae]]. This suggests a very deep divergence within the [[crown group]] Clupeiformes that must have occurred during the Early Cretaceous or before.<ref name="De Figueiredo">{{cite journal |author=Francisco J. De Figueiredo |year=2009 |title=A new clupeiform fish from the Lower Cretaceous (Barremian) of Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, Northeastern Brazil |journal=[[Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology]] |volume=29 |issue=4 |pages=993–1005 |bibcode=2009JVPal..29..993D |doi=10.1671/039.029.0402 |s2cid=220436023}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Malabarba |first1=Maria C. |last2=Dario |first2=Fabio Di |date=2017 |title=A new predatory herring-like fish (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) from the early Cretaceous of Brazil, and implications for relationships in the Clupeoidei |url=https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/180/1/175/3799580 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=180 |issue=1 |pages=175–194}}</ref>

==Families==
{{cladogram|title=Phylogeny of Clupeiformes by Lavoué et al 2014.<ref name="Lavoué et al. (2014)">Sébastien Lavoué, Peter Konstantinidis & Wei-Jen Chen: ''Progress in Clupeiform Systematics.'' in Konstantinos Ganias (Hrsg.): ''Biology and Ecology of Sardines and Anchovies.'' CRC Press, 2014, {{ISBN|978-1482228540}}</ref>
|{{clade|style=font-size:85%;line-height:100%;width:300px;
|label1='''Clupeiformes'''
|1={{clade
  |label1=Denticipitoidei
  |1=[[Denticipitidae]]
  |label2=Clupeoidei
  |2={{clade
    |1={{clade
      |label1=[[Engraulidae]]
      |1={{clade
        |1=[[Coiliinae]]
        |2=[[Engraulinae]]
         }}
      |2={{clade
        |1=[[Spratelloidinae]]
        |2={{clade
          |1=[[Pristigasteridae]]
          |2={{clade
            |1={{clade
              |1=[[Dussumieriidae]] s.s.
              |2=[[Chirocentridae]]
               }}
            |label2=[[Clupeidae]]
            |2={{clade
              |1=[[Clupeinae]] 
              |2=[[Dorosomatinae]]
               }}
             }}
           }}
         }}
       }}
     }}
   }}
 }}
}} 
The order includes about 405 species in ten families:<ref name=FB>{{FishBase_order|order=Clupeiformes|year=2023|month=July}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author1=Lavoue ´ S |author2=Miya M |author3=Musikasinthorn P |author4=Chen W-J |author5=Nishida M |year=2013 |title=Mitogenomic Evidence for an Indo-West Pacific Origin of the Clupeoidei (Teleostei: Clupeiformes) |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=2 |pages=e56485 |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056485|pmid=23431379 |pmc=3576394|bibcode=2013PLoSO...856485L |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Catalog of Fishes |title=Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes Classification|url=https://www.calacademy.org/scientists/catalog-of-fishes-classification/?_gl=1*1kpq83y*_ga*NzY5Njk4MjI1LjE3MTY0NTU1NTc.*_ga_6Y72VP61VZ*MTcxNjQ1NTU1Ni4xLjAuMTcxNjQ1NTU2MS41NS4wLjA. |access-date=23 May 2024}}</ref>
* Order '''Clupeiformes''' 
** Genus †''[[Histiothrissa]]'' <small>[[Arthur Smith Woodward|Woodward]], 1901</small>
** Genus ?†''[[Jhingrania]]'' <small>Misra & Saxena, 1959</small> (possibly a [[Clupavidae|clupavid]])<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Parmar |first1=Varun |last2=Prasad |first2=G. V. R. |date=2020-03-01 |title=Vertebrate evolution on the Indian raft - Biogeographic conundrums |journal=Episodes Journal of International Geoscience |language=en |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=461–475 |doi=10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020029|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Khosla |first1=Ashu |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OsJQDwAAQBAJ |title=Cretaceous Period: Biotic Diversity and Biogeography: Bulletin 71 |last2=Lucas |first2=Spencer G. |date=2016-01-01 |publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science |language=en}}</ref>
** Genus †''[[Santanaclupea]]'' <small>[[John G. Maisey|Maisey]], 1993</small>
** Genus †''[[Spratticeps]]'' <small>[[Colin Patterson (biologist)|Patterson]], 1970</small>
** Suborder Denticipitoidei <small>[[Lance Grande|Grande]], 1982</small>
*** Family [[Denticipitidae]] <small>[[Herluf Stenholt Clausen|Clausen]], 1959</small> (denticle herring)
** Suborder [[Clupeoidei]] <small>[[Pieter Bleeker|Bleeker]], 1849</small>
*** Genus †''[[Beksinskiella]]'' <small>[[Mateusz Granica|Granica]], [[Malgorzata Bieńowska-Wasiluki|Bieńowska-Wasiluki]] & [[Marcin Paldyna|Paldyna]], 2004</small> <ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Pałdyna |first1=Marcin |last2=Bieńkowska-Wasiluk |first2=Małgorzata |last3=Granica |first3=Mateusz |date=2024 |title=A new clupeoid genus from the Oligocene of Central Paratethys (Menilite Formation, Poland) |url=https://journals.pan.pl/dlibra/publication/148029/edition/130169 |journal=Acta Geologica Polonica |volume=74 |issue=1 |page=E5 |doi=10.24425/agp.2024.148029 |issn=0001-5709|doi-access=free }}</ref>
*** Genus †''[[Nolfia]]'' <small>[[Francisco De Figueiredo|De Figueiredo]], 2009</small><ref>{{Cite journal |last=De Figueiredo |first=Francisco J. |date=2009-07-21 |title=A new marine clupeoid fish from the Lower Cretaceous of the Sergipe-Alagoas Basin, northeastern Brazil |url=https://biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.2164.1.2 |journal=Zootaxa |volume=2164 |issue=1 |pages=21–32 |doi=10.11646/zootaxa.2164.1.2 |issn=1175-5334}}</ref>
*** Genus †''[[Pseudoellimma|Pseudoellima]]'' <small>De Figueiredo, 2009</small><ref name="De Figueiredo" />
*** Family †[[Cynoclupeidae]] <small>[[Maria Claudia Malabarba|Malabarba]] & [[Fabio Di Dario|Di Dario]], 2017</small><ref name=":0" />
*** Family [[Spratelloididae]] <small>[[David Starr Jordan|D. S. Jordan]] 1925</small> (dwarf herrings or small round herrings)
*** Family [[Engraulidae]] <small>[[Theodore Gill|Gill]], 1861</small> (anchovies)
*** Family [[Clupeidae]] <small>[[Georges Cuvier|Cuvier]], 1816</small> (herrings and sprats)
*** Family [[Chirocentridae]] <small>Bleeker, 1849</small> (wolf herrings)
*** Family [[Dussumieriidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (round herrings or rainbow sardines)
*** Family [[Pristigasteridae]] <small>Bleeker, 1872</small> (longfin herrings)
*** Family [[Ehiravidae]] <small>[[Paulus Edward Pieris Deraniyagala|Deraniyagala]], 1929</small> (river sprats)
*** Family [[Alosidae]] <small>[[Anatoly Nikolaevich Svetovidov|Svetovidov]], 1952</small> (shads and sardines)
*** Family [[Dorosomatidae]] <small>Gill, 1861</small> (thread herrings or gizzard shads and sardinellas)

==Timeline of genera==
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 from: -199.6    till: -175.6    color:earlyjurassic    text:[[Early Jurassic|Early]]
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 from: -161.2    till: -145.5    color:latejurassic    text:[[Late Jurassic|Late]]
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 from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:[[Late Cretaceous|Late]]
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 from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:[[Eocene|Eo.]] 
 from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:[[Oligocene|Oligo.]]            
 from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:[[Miocene|Mio.]]
 from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:[[Pliocene|Pl.]]
 from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:[[Pleistocene|Pl.]]
 from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:[[Holocene|H.]]

 bar:eratop       
 from: -199.6    till: -145.5    color:jurassic    text:[[Jurassic]]
 from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:[[Cretaceous]]
 from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:[[Paleogene]]         
 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:[[Neogene]]
 from: -2.588    till: 0   color:quaternary    text:[[Quaternary|Q.]]

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 color:latejurassic bar:NAM1  from:-161.2    till:-149.03 text:[[Pachythrissops]]
 color:latejurassic bar:NAM2  from:-150.8    till:-149.03 text:[[Daitingichthys]]
 color:latecretaceous bar:NAM3  from:-99.6    till:-93.5 text:[[Ornategulum]]
 color:latecretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-99.6    till:-93.5 text:[[Scombroclupea]]
 color:latecretaceous bar:NAM5  from:-94.3    till:-85.8 text:[[Leufuichthys]]
 color:latecretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-85.8    till:-83.5 text:[[Histiothrissa]]
 color:latecretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-70.6    till:-65.5 text:[[Gasteroclupea]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM6 from:-55.8   till:-48.6 text:[[Knightia]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM8  from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:[[Hacquetia]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM9  from:-55.8    till:0 text:[[Clupea]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM10  from:-55.8    till:0 text:[[Harengula]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM11 from:-55.8    till:0 text:[[Chirocentrus]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM12 from:-48.6    till:0 text:[[Etrumeus]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM13 from:-48.6    till:0 text:[[Sardinella]]
 color:eocene bar:NAM14  from:-37.2    till:0 text:[[Alosa]]
 color:oligocene bar:NAM15 from:-33.9    till:0 text:[[Opisthonema]]
 color:oligocene bar:NAM16  from:-33.9    till:0 text:[[Pomolobus]]
 color:oligocene bar:NAM17  from:-28.4    till:0 text:[[Sardina]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM18  from:-23.03    till:0 text:[[Stolephorus]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM19 from:-23.03    till:0 text:[[Anchoa]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM20 from:-23.03    till:0 text:[[Ilisha]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM21 from:-23.03    till:0 text:[[Sardinops]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM22 from:-15.97    till:0 text:[[Pseudohilsa]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM23 from:-11.608    till:-5.332 text:[[Alisea]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM24 from:-11.608    till:-5.332 text:[[Etringus]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM25 from:-11.608    till:-5.332 text:[[Ganoessus]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM26 from:-11.608    till:-5.332 text:[[Ganolytes]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM27 from:-11.608    till:-5.332 text:[[Quisque]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM28 from:-11.608    till:-5.332 text:[[Xyne]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM29 from:-11.608    till:0 text:[[Engraulis]]
 color:miocene bar:NAM30 from:-11.608    till:0 text:[[Sarmatella]]
 color:pliocene bar:NAM31 from:-5.332    till:-2.588 text:[[Austroclupea]]

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 from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:[[Oligocene|Oligo.]]            
 from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:[[Miocene|Mio.]]
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 from: -199.6    till: -145.5    color:jurassic    text:[[Jurassic]]
 from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:[[Cretaceous]]
 from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:[[Paleogene]]         
 from: -23.03    till: -2.588    color:neogene    text:[[Neogene]]
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</timeline>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* {{cite journal|last=Sepkoski |first=Jack |title=A compendium of fossil marine animal genera |journal=Bulletins of American Paleontology |volume=363 |pages=1–560 |year=2002 |url=http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |access-date=2011-05-17 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090220223520/http://strata.ummp.lsa.umich.edu/jack/showgenera.php?taxon=611&rank=class |archive-date=2009-02-20 }}

{{Actinopterygii}}
{{Diversity of fish}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q193389}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Clupeiformes| ]]
[[Category:Ray-finned fish orders]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Pieter Bleeker]]