Editing Cloverdale, California

{{Short description|City in California, United States}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!--See the table at Template:Infobox settlement for all fields and descriptions of their usage.-->
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
|official_name            = Cloverdale, California
|other_name               = 
|settlement_type          = [[List of municipalities in California|City in California]]
|nickname                 = 
|motto                    = <!-- images and maps  ----------->
|image_skyline            = Gould Shaw Cloverdale CA.JPG
|image_caption            = The Gould-Shaw House, a historic house in Cloverdale, is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].
|image_flag               = Flag of Cloverdale, California.webp
|flag_size                = 
|image_seal               = 
|seal_size                = 
|image_map                = File:Sonoma County California Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Cloverdale Highlighted 0614190.svg
|mapsize                  = 250x200px
|map_caption              = Location of Cloverdale in Sonoma County, California
| pushpin_map = USA
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
| pushpin_relief = 1
<!-- Location ------------------>
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = {{USA}}
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|California}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in California|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Sonoma County, California|Sonoma]]
<!-- Politics ----------------->
|government_footnotes     = 
|government_type          = [[Council–manager government|Council–manager]]
|leader_title             = 
|leader_name              = 
|leader_title1            = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1             = 
|established_title        = 
|established_date         = 
|established_title2       = [[Municipal corporation|Incorporated]]
|established_date2        = February 28, 1872<ref name="CAC">{{Cite web
 |url=http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc 
 |title=California Cities by Incorporation Date 
 |format=Word 
 |publisher=California Association of [[Local Agency Formation Commission]]s 
 |access-date=August 25, 2014 |url-status=dead 
 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103002921/http://www.calafco.org/docs/Cities_by_incorp_date.doc 
 |archive-date=November 3, 2014  
}}</ref>
<!-- Area------------------>
| unit_pref               = Imperial
| area_footnotes          = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2020">{{cite web|title=2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_06.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 30, 2021}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi        = 3.13
| area_land_sq_mi         = 3.13
| area_water_sq_mi        = 0.00
| area_total_km2          = 8.12
| area_land_km2           = 8.12
| area_water_km2          = 0.00
| area_water_percent      = 0
|area_metro_km2           = 
|area_metro_sq_mi         = <!-- Population ----------->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     = 
|population_total         = 8996
|pop_est_as_of            = 
|pop_est_footnotes        = 
|population_est           = 
|population_density_sq_mi = 2869.54
|population_density_km2   = 1107.82
|population_metro         = 
|population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
|population_demonym       = Cloverdalian 
<!-- General information  --------------->
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|coordinates              = {{coord|38|47|57|N|123|1|2|W|region:US-CA|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_footnotes      = <ref name="gnis">{{gnis|277489|Cloverdale}}</ref>
|elevation_ft             = 335
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 95425
|area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
|area_code                = [[Area code 707|707]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS]] code
|blank_info               = {{FIPS|06|14190}}
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature IDs
|blank1_info              = {{GNIS 4|277489}}, {{GNIS 4|2409487}}
|website                  = {{URL|www.cloverdale.net}}
}}

'''Cloverdale''' is a city in [[Sonoma County, California]], United States; it is both the westernmost and the northernmost city in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]]. The [[San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad]] reached the area in 1872. The [[Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California]] is headquartered there. The population was 8,996 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].

==History==
Cloverdale began as an early [[stagecoach]] stop, known as Markleville, on the [[Rancho Rincon de Musalacon]] Mexican grant.  In 1856, R.B. Markle and W.J. Miller bought {{convert|759|acre|km2|1}}, which included the present site of the town, from Johnson Horrell. In 1859, James Abram Kleiser bought Markle's interest, and the town was laid out. The town was incorporated when the [[San Francisco and North Pacific Railroad]] arrived in 1872. By 1878, the railroad service provided three trains a day between Cloverdale and [[Ferries of San Francisco Bay]].<ref name=":0">{{cite web |url=http://www.cloverdale.net/DocumentView.aspx?DID=297 |website=City of Cloverdale |title=General Plan }}{{dead link|date=August 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
[[File:Cloverdale, California (circa 1871-1880).jpg|thumb|left|Cloverdale's first post office (c. 1871–1880)]]

In 1881, Jules Leroux and Armand Dehay established a colony south of Cloverdale named "Icaria Speranza", based on the French Utopian movement, the [[Icarians]]. The settlement ended in 1886 and today, there is a marker south of town where the schoolhouse was located.

Cloverdale Citrus Fair began in 1892.<ref>https://cloverdalecitrusfair.org/</ref>

The [[San Francisco Chronicle]] Wine Competition is run by the Cloverdale Citrus Fair. Since 2000, the San Francisco Chronicle has been its title sponsor.<ref>https://www.sfchronicle.com/food/wine/article/nonalcoholic-wine-competition-20047118.php</ref>

Cloverdale suffered severe economic hardship, losing 500 to 600 manufacturing jobs between 1988 and 1994, with the closing of a fire equipment factory and the shrinking of the logging industry. On July 6, 2005, Cloverdale began its economic reform with the "RTB" (Real-Estate Transfer Bureau) plan granting money for businesses and commerce to return to the city. This plan fell through as the grant was moved to [[Los Altos, California]] and changed to the "1750" plan.<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.metroactive.com/papers/sonoma/05.02.96/cloverdale-9618.html | title=MetroActive &#124; Sonoma &#124; Cloverdale}}</ref> In 1993, 300 jobs were eliminated alone when Louisiana-Pacific closed its lumber mill. In 1994, Highway 101, which formerly bisected the town, was rerouted around town with a bypass. Some businesses closed, and many natives believed the bypass radically changed the town's character.<ref name="cloverdale.towns.pressdemocrat.com">{{Cite web | url=http://cloverdale.towns.pressdemocrat.com/2011/03/news/cloverdale-fights-economic-blahs/ | title=Towns, Santa Rosa Press Democrat, Bay Area Newspaper, CA news| date=March 29, 2011}}</ref>

Since the bypass, signs of civic revival have occurred with the development of pedestrian-friendly sidewalks, a performing arts center, a brewpub, and a downtown plaza hosting live concerts and a farmers' market.<ref name="cloverdale.towns.pressdemocrat.com"/> In 1997, Clover Springs, a development with 362 houses, was opened on the south end of town. In 2011, the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District transferred {{Convert|250|acre|km2}} of former ranchland to the City of Cloverdale for use as a park and open-space preserve.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sonomaopenspace.org/docManager/1000001999/cloversprings.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=September 29, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140816152739/http://www.sonomaopenspace.org/docManager/1000001999/cloversprings.pdf |archive-date=August 16, 2014  }}</ref>

==Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2017}}
The [[Cloverdale Rancheria|Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians]] is a landless federally recognized tribe with a membership of almost 500. In 2008, the Tribe acquired {{Convert|80|acre|m2}} at the southern end of town.

The Rancheria is a community of Pomo Indians who are indigenous to Sonoma County and speak the Southern Pomo language. Pomo people are renowned for their basket weaving, done by both men and women. [[Elsie Allen]], considered to be one of the best California basketweavers of her generation, was a member of the Rancheria and spent part of her childhood there.

According to tribal history, the Pomo people lived peacefully in the area since ancient times. The Rancheria was created by the federal government in 1921, when the tribe became federally recognized, and deeded the tribe {{Convert|27.5|acre|m2}} on the southern edge of town.

In 1958, the Rancheria was terminated, along with 43 other rancherias in California. This process transferred tribal community land to private ownership.

In 1979, Tillie Hardwick, a Pomo woman, filed a [[class action suit]] on behalf of 16 of the illegally terminated rancherias. In 1983, the Courts reinstated the federal recognition of the illegally terminated tribes, including the Cloverdale Rancheria.

In 1994, the Highway 101 bypass cut through the Rancheria land, forcing tribal landowners to sell their property for the freeway.

In 2006, the tribe began efforts to revive and restore their traditional culture.  The tribe is also interested in opening up a casino.

==Geography==
{{Unreferenced section|date=September 2023}}
Cloverdale is located in the northern portion of Sonoma County, about 85 miles (135&nbsp;km) north of [[San Francisco]]; it is both the northernmost and westernmost city of the [[San Francisco Bay Area]].

The city has a total area of {{convert|2.6|sqmi|km2}}, all of it land.

Cloverdale is located in [[Wine Country (California)|Wine Country]], being part of the [[Alexander Valley AVA]].

===Climate===
According to the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system, Cloverdale has a [[Mediterranean climate#Hot-summer Mediterranean climate|hot-summer Mediterranean climate]], abbreviated "Csa" on climate maps.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=838140&cityname=Cloverdale%2C+California%2C+United+States+of+America&units= Climate Summary for Cloverdale, California]</ref> Temperatures in Cloverdale can exceed {{Convert|100|F|C}} and it is known for having hot, dry summers relative to the rest of Sonoma County.

{{Weather box 
|location = Cloverdale, California (1991&ndash;2020 normals, extremes 1950&ndash;present)
|single line = Y
| Jan record high F = 85
| Feb record high F = 86
| Mar record high F = 91
| Apr record high F = 102
| May record high F = 107
| Jun record high F = 116
| Jul record high F = 115
| Aug record high F = 114
| Sep record high F = 116
| Oct record high F = 106
| Nov record high F = 95
| Dec record high F = 83
| year record high F = 116

|Jan avg record high F = 69.9
|Feb avg record high F = 75.0
|Mar avg record high F = 82.4
|Apr avg record high F = 89.9
|May avg record high F = 96.1
|Jun avg record high F = 105.0
|Jul avg record high F = 106.3
|Aug avg record high F = 105.5
|Sep avg record high F = 102.9
|Oct avg record high F = 94.8
|Nov avg record high F = 79.6
|Dec avg record high F = 68.1
|year avg record high F = 109.2

| Jan high F = 59.8
| Feb high F = 63.4
| Mar high F = 68.1
| Apr high F = 73.8
| May high F = 81.5
| Jun high F = 89.4
| Jul high F = 94.4
| Aug high F = 93.1
| Sep high F = 89.8
| Oct high F = 80.6
| Nov high F = 66.8
| Dec high F = 58.7
| year high F = 76.6

|Jan mean F = 49.1
|Feb mean F = 51.8
|Mar mean F = 55.2
|Apr mean F = 59.3
|May mean F = 65.7
|Jun mean F = 71.9
|Jul mean F = 74.8
|Aug mean F = 74.0
|Sep mean F = 71.7
|Oct mean F = 64.8
|Nov mean F = 54.6
|Dec mean F = 48.2
|year mean F = 61.8

| Jan low F = 38.3
| Feb low F = 40.2
| Mar low F = 42.4
| Apr low F = 44.9
| May low F = 49.8
| Jun low F = 54.4
| Jul low F = 55.2
| Aug low F = 54.8
| Sep low F = 53.6
| Oct low F = 48.9
| Nov low F = 42.3
| Dec low F = 37.7
| year low F = 46.9

|Jan avg record low F = 29.3
|Feb avg record low F = 31.6
|Mar avg record low F = 34.4
|Apr avg record low F = 36.2
|May avg record low F = 42.4
|Jun avg record low F = 47.5
|Jul avg record low F = 50.2
|Aug avg record low F = 50.9
|Sep avg record low F = 47.1
|Oct avg record low F = 41.1
|Nov avg record low F = 33.0
|Dec avg record low F = 28.5
|year avg record low F = 26.9

| Jan record low F = 21
| Feb record low F = 21
| Mar record low F = 29
| Apr record low F = 30
| May record low F = 33
| Jun record low F = 36
| Jul record low F = 41
| Aug record low F = 42
| Sep record low F = 38
| Oct record low F = 32
| Nov record low F = 26
| Dec record low F = 17
| year record low F = 17

| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation inch = 8.11
| Feb precipitation inch = 8.06
| Mar precipitation inch = 5.69
| Apr precipitation inch = 2.53
| May precipitation inch = 1.51
| Jun precipitation inch = 0.30
| Jul precipitation inch = 0.01
| Aug precipitation inch = 0.05
| Sep precipitation inch = 0.13
| Oct precipitation inch = 1.84
| Nov precipitation inch = 4.69
| Dec precipitation inch = 8.81
| year precipitation inch = 41.73

| Jan precipitation days = 13.1
| Feb precipitation days = 11.3
| Mar precipitation days = 10.5
| Apr precipitation days = 7.5
| May precipitation days = 4.5
| Jun precipitation days = 1.0
| Jul precipitation days = 0.1
| Aug precipitation days = 0.2
| Sep precipitation days = 0.9
| Oct precipitation days = 3.8
| Nov precipitation days = 8.3
| Dec precipitation days = 12.2
| year precipitation days = 73.4

|source 1 = NOAA<ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=mtr |title=NOWData |access-date=January 7, 2023 |publisher=NOAA }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00041838&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL |title=Summary of Monthly Normals 1991&ndash;2020 |access-date=March 18, 2023 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration}}</ref>
|date=January 2023
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=left
|1880= 430
|1890= 763
|1900= 750
|1910= 823
|1920= 718
|1930= 759
|1940= 809
|1950= 1292
|1960= 2848
|1970= 3251
|1980= 3989
|1990= 4924
|2000= 6831
|2010= 8618
|2020= 8996
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}
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===2010===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] Cloverdale had a population of 8,618. The population density was {{convert|3,255.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of Cloverdale was 6,458 (74.9%) White, 48 (0.6%) African American, 156 (1.8%) Native American, 98 (1.1%) Asian, 7 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,530 (17.8%) from other races, and 321 (3.7%) from two or more races.  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2,824 persons (32.8%).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0614190|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140715024127/http://www.census.gov/2010census/popmap/ipmtext.php?fl=06:0614190|url-status=dead|archive-date=July 15, 2014|title=2010 Census Interactive Population Search: CA - Cloverdale city|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau|access-date=July 12, 2014}}</ref>

The census reported that 8,530 people (99.0% of the population) lived in households, 22 (0.3%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 66 (0.8%) were institutionalized.

There were 3,182 households, 1,087 (34.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 1,769 (55.6%) were [[marriage|opposite-sex married couples]] living together, 294 (9.2%) had a female householder with no husband present, 159 (5.0%) had a male householder with no wife present.  There were 232 (7.3%) [[POSSLQ|unmarried opposite-sex partnerships]], and 32 (1.0%) [[same-sex partnerships|same-sex married couples or partnerships]]. 747 households (23.5%) were one person and 373 (11.7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.68.  There were 2,222 families (69.8% of households); the average family size was 3.16.

The age distribution was 2,054 people (23.8%) under the age of 18, 699 people (8.1%) aged 18 to 24, 2,154 people (25.0%) aged 25 to 44, 2,329 people (27.0%) aged 45 to 64, and 1,382 people (16.0%) who were 65 or older.  The median age was 39.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.5 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.

There were 3,427 housing units at an average density of 1,294.4 per square mile, of the occupied units 2,102 (66.1%) were owner-occupied and 1,080 (33.9%) were rented. The homeowner vacancy rate was 4.1%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.9%.  5,522 people (64.1% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 3,008 people (34.9%) lived in rental housing units.

===2000===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 6,831 people in 2,495 households, including 1,741 families, in the city.  The population density was {{convert|2,708.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 2,619 housing units at an average density of {{convert|1,038.3|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 68.7% White, 0.18% African American, 3.0% Native American, 1.04% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.30% from other races, and 15.3% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 26.7%.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website  }}</ref>

Of the 2,495 households 36.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.3% were married couples living together, 9.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.2% were non-families. 24.9% of households were one person and 12.7% were one person aged 65 or older.  The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 3.24.

The age distribution was 27.3% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.3% from 25 to 44, 21.7% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% 65 or older.  The median age was 36 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.2 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.5 males.

The median [[income]] for a household in the city was $42,309, and the median family income was $50,000. Males had a median income of $40,036 versus $26,610 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,750.  About 7.2% of families and 10.4% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 11.6% of those under age 18 and 9.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
[[File:Welcome to Cloverdale - February 2023 - Sarah Stierch.jpg|thumb|Welcome to Cloverdale.]]
In the [[California State Legislature]], Cloverdale is in {{Representative|casd|2|fmt=sdistrict}}, and in {{Representative|caad|2|fmt=adistrict}}.<ref>{{Cite web
 | url = http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
 | title = Statewide Database
 | publisher = UC Regents
 | access-date = December 5, 2014
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150201113744/http://statewidedatabase.org/gis/gis2011/index_2011.html
 | archive-date = February 1, 2015
| url-status = dead
 }}</ref>

In the [[United States House of Representatives]], Cloverdale is in {{Representative|cacd|2|fmt=district}}.<ref>{{Cite GovTrack|CA|2|accessdate=March 1, 2013}}</ref>

According to the [[Secretary of State of California|California Secretary of State]], as of February 10, 2019, Cloverdale has 4,745 registered voters. Of those, 2,293 (48.3%) are registered [[California Democratic Party|Democrats]], 994 (20.9%) are registered [[California Republican Party|Republicans]], and 1,194 (25.2%) have [[Decline to State|declined to state]] a political party.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/ror/ror-odd-year-2019/politicalsub.pdf|title=CA Secretary of State – Report of Registration – February 10, 2019|website=ca.gov|access-date=March 12, 2019}}</ref>

==Infrastructure==
===Transportation===
Cloverdale is at the junction of [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. 101]] and [[California State Route 128|State Route 128]]. The city operates [[Cloverdale Transit]] and [[Cloverdale Municipal Airport]]. Inter-city transit is provided by [[Sonoma County Transit]].

Plans to extend [[Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit|Sonoma–Marin Area Rail Transit (SMART)]], a commuter rail service in Sonoma and Marin counties, from its current northern terminus in [[Santa Rosa, California|Santa Rosa]] to Cloverdale will link the town to a bay ferry terminal in [[Larkspur, California|Larkspur]]. A [[Cloverdale station|train station]] for this purpose already exists on the town's south side.

==Education==
The school district is [[Cloverdale Unified School District]]<!--UNI 08970-->.<ref name=SDMap2020>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06097_sonoma/DC20SD_C06097.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Sonoma County, CA|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|access-date=2024-12-07}} - [https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st06_ca/schooldistrict_maps/c06097_sonoma/DC20SD_C06097_SD2MS.txt Text list]</ref>

==Notable people==
*[[Elsie Allen]] (1899–1990), Pomo basket maker and teacher regarded as one of the three best California basket makers of her generation
*[[Fairuza Balk]] (born 1974), actress, musician, and visual artist; she lived in Cloverdale as an infant
*[[Lana Clarkson]] (1962–2003), actress murdered by music producer [[Phil Spector]]; she grew up in Cloverdale 
*[[David Del Tredici]] (born 1937), Pulitzer Prize-winning 20th and 21st century classical music composer; he was born and spent the first four years of his life in Cloverdale
*[[Rich Rowland]] (born 1964), former catcher for the [[Detroit Tigers]]

==See also==
*[[Northwestern Pacific Railroad]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Cloverdale, California}}
*{{Official website}}
{{Sonoma County, California}}
{{SF Bay Area}}
{{Russian River}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:1872 establishments in California]]
[[Category:Cities in Sonoma County, California]]
[[Category:Cities in the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[Category:Incorporated cities and towns in California]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1872]]