Editing Cleveland, Yorkshire

{{short description|Geographic area of the East Coast of Northern England}}
{{about|an area of England|the former county| Cleveland (county)|other Clevelands|Cleveland (disambiguation)}}
{{more citations needed|date=October 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=September 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}
{{coord|54.500|-1.134|display=title|region:GB_scale:50000}}
'''Cleveland''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|iː|v|l|ə|n|d}} is a land of hills and dales from the [[River Tees]] to [[Vale of Pickering]], [[England]]. The name means "cliff-land".
[[File:Yorkshire-Subregions.jpg|300px|thumb|right|The natural sub-regions of Yorkshire]]
The area corresponds to the former [[Langbaurgh Wapentake]]. The [[North York Moors]] national park, established in 1952, covers part of it. A non-metropolitan [[Cleveland (county)|county under the same name]] existed from 1974 to 1996 and there is ambiguity today between that county and the historic extent of the name. It is the ancestral home of [[Grover Cleveland]], who was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States.<ref>Nevins, 6</ref> 

==Heritage==
Cleveland has a centuries-long association with the area from [[Middlesbrough]] to [[Pickering, North Yorkshire|Pickering]] and [[Thirsk]] to [[Whitby]], effectively the eastern half of [[Yorkshire]]'s [[North Riding]]. [[Archdeacon of Cleveland|Ralph, Archdeacon of Cleveland]], was the area's first archdeacon recorded, before 1174.<ref>{{Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae |last=Greenway |first=Diana&nbsp;E. |period=1066–1300|volume=6 |pages=36–40}}</ref> A [[Dukedom of Cleveland]] was first created in the 17th century.
 
===Metal===
{{see also|ironstone mining in Cleveland and North Yorkshire}}
The [[Cleveland Hills]] were key suppliers of the [[ironstone]] which was essential to running [[blast furnace]]s alongside the River Tees. Cleveland's rich ore has created a significant industrial heritage arising from its central role in the 19th century iron boom that led to Middlesbrough growing from a hamlet into a major industrial town in only a matter of decades. [[Teesport]] is one of the United Kingdom's main ports, initially due to the iron boom, with other heavy industrial plants between Middlesbrough and Redcar.

==Name's usage==
Legislation creating the [[Cleveland (UK Parliament constituency)|Cleveland Parliamentary constituency]] ([[Redistribution of Seats Act 1885|1885]]–1974) was the first use of Cleveland referring narrowly to land around the River Tees. The constituency was created by the division of the [[North Riding of Yorkshire (UK Parliament constituency)|North Riding constituency]], and was succeeded in name by the [[Cleveland and Whitby (UK Parliament constituency)|Cleveland and Whitby]] for the [[February 1974 United Kingdom general election|February 1974 general election]]. The [[county of Cleveland]] followed on similar boundaries, also including areas north of the River Tees.

The official name, from 1974, of the "CLEVELAND" ([[TS postcode area|TS]] postcode was formed from "TeeS" or "Tees-Side") [[Postal counties of the United Kingdom|postal county]] refers to a larger area including the non-metropolitan county and to the [[North York Moors|moors]].<ref>Royal Mail, ''Address Management Guide Edition 4'', (2004)</ref>

Cleveland is a common place name in the US and Canada, but relatively few of these places are named directly after this region in England. Many of the towns, as well as two counties and a national forest, are named after US President [[Grover Cleveland]]. Other towns are named after the City of [[Cleveland]], Ohio, which in turn was named in honor of [[Moses Cleaveland]], a founder of the city.

==Geographical features==
{{for-multi|sites covering the former county|List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Cleveland|sites covered by the county council of North Yorkshire|List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in North Yorkshire}}
[[File:North_York_Moors_map_en.png|thumb|right|300px|Map of the North York Moors area with Cleveland and Cleveland Hills labelled]]
The area is geographically varied:
*[[North York Moors]]
*[[Howardian Hills]]
*[[Roseberry Topping]]: a distinctive hill. Its original roughly conical form was undercut by extensive mining, giving it a jagged appearance that many have thought reminiscent of the [[Matterhorn]] mountain.
* [[Cleveland Basin]]
* [[River Tees]]
** [[River Leven, North Yorkshire|River Leven]]
* [[Eston Nab]]

==Districts==
[[File:2007Kirkleatham8.JPG|right|thumb|Kirkleatham Free School of 1709, now Kirkleatham Old Hall Museum]]
*[[North Yorkshire (district)|North Yorkshire]]
*[[Borough of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
*[[Redcar and Cleveland]]
*[[Borough of Stockton-on-Tees|Stockton-on-Tees]] (south Tees)

==Titles==
* [[Lord Lieutenant of Cleveland]]
* [[High Sheriff of Cleveland]]
* [[Duke of Cleveland]]
* [[Earl of Cleveland]]

==See also==
* [[Cleveland Bay]]
* [[Cleveland Way]]
* [[Cleveland Mountain Rescue Team]]
* [[Cleveland Police]] and the [[Cleveland Police and Crime Commissioner]]
* [[Cleveland Bridge & Engineering Company]], major structural engineering company
* [[Cleveland Centre, Middlesbrough|Cleveland Shopping Centre]]
* [[Ironstone mining in Cleveland and North Yorkshire]]
* [[Regiones]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130703114146/http://viewfinder.english-heritage.org.uk/search/results.aspx?index=0 Images of Cleveland] at the [[English Heritage Archive]]

{{North Yorkshire}}
{{Yorkshire}}

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[[Category:Cleveland, England| ]]
[[Category:Ancient subdivisions of Yorkshire]]