Editing Cleburne, Texas

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = Cleburne, Texas
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| motto              = "This is Texas"
| image_skyline      = Cleburne-TX-Courthouse-8041e.jpg
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = Johnson County courthouse
| image_map          = Johnson County Texas incorporated and unincorporated areas Cleburne highlighted.svg
| mapsize            = 260px
| map_caption        = Location in [[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson County]] and the state of [[Texas]]
<!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{Flagicon|USA}}United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{Flagicon|Texas}}[[Texas]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Johnson County, Texas|Johnson]]
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Council-manager government|Council-Manager]]
| leader_title       = [[City Council]]
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = March 23, 1867
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 99.97
| area_land_km2      = 92.46
| area_water_km2     = 7.52
| area_total_sq_mi   = 38.60
| area_land_sq_mi    = 35.70
| area_water_sq_mi   = 2.90
<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = 
| population_total   = 31352
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
<!-- General information -->
| timezone           = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = -6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 817
| coordinates        = {{coord|32|21|20|N|97|24|30|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]s
| postal_code        = 76031, 76033<ref name="GR7">{{cite web|url=http://tools.usps.com/go/ZipLookupAction!input.action|title=USPS - Look Up a ZIP Code|access-date=2012-02-15|author=United States Postal Service|year=2012}}</ref>
| area_code          = [[Area codes 817 and 682|817, 682]]
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 48-15364<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2409480<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2409480}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|www.cleburne.net}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Cleburne''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|i:|b|ɜr|n}} {{respell|KLEE|burn}}<ref>The pronunciation differs from that of its namesake, whose name was pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|l|eɪ|b|ɜr|n}} {{respell|KLAY|burn}}.</ref>) is a city in and the [[county seat]] of [[Johnson County, Texas]], United States. As of the 2020 census, its population was 31,352. The city is named in honor of [[Patrick Cleburne]], a Confederate general.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ | title=The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States | publisher=Govt. Print. Off. | author=Gannett, Henry | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9V1IAAAAMAAJ/page/n83 84]}}</ref> [[Lake Pat Cleburne]], the reservoir that provides water to the city and surrounding area, is also named after him.

== History ==
[[File:Main Street, Cleburne, TX, 1910s cph.3b18657.jpg|thumb|left|Main Street in Cleburne in the 1910s]]
Cleburne is Johnson County's third county seat (the first being [[Wardville, Texas|Wardville]], now under Lake Pat Cleburne). It was formerly known as Camp Henderson, a temporary [[American Civil War|Civil War]] outpost from which Johnson County soldiers would depart for war (most of them served under General Cleburne). The city was formally incorporated in 1871.

Cleburne was near the earliest road in the county. The location featured water from [[Buffalo Creek (Texas)|West Buffalo Creek]], making it a stop for cattlemen from the [[Chisholm Trail]].<ref name="HBTO"/>

In August 1886, the Texas [[Farmers' Alliance]] met at Lee's Academy<ref name="HBTO">{{cite web 
| url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hcj08
| title=The Handbook of Texas Online: Johnson County
| access-date=2012-01-28
| publisher=Texas State Historical Association}}</ref> and adopted a 17-point political resolution, commonly known as the Cleburne Demands, which was the first major document of the agrarian revolt occurring at the end of the late 19th century.<ref name="moment">{{Citation | title = The Populist Moment: A Short History of the Agrarian Revolt in America | last = Goodwyn | first = Lawrence | year = 1978 | publisher = Oxford University Press | location = New York | ISBN = 0-19-502417-6 | url-access = registration | url = https://archive.org/details/populistmomentsh0000good }}, p.46-49.</ref>

In 1900, Cleburne was the site of the founding convention of the [[Texas State Federation of Labor]].<ref>Ruth Alice Allen 1889–1979. ''[https://archive.org/details/TexasLabor Chapters in the history of organized labor in Texas]'' The University of Texas publication #4143 November 15, 1941 Austin, TX: University of Texas, p.123</ref>

Cleburne was primarily an agricultural center and county seat until the [[Santa Fe Railroad]] opened a major facility there in 1898. During this time, the population boomed, as it became a sizable city for the area with over 12,000 residents by 1920. The Chicago, Texas and Mexican Central Railway connected Cleburne to Dallas in 1882. Two other railroads had terminals in Cleburne. The Dallas, Cleburne, and Southwestern Railway completed a route to Egan in 1902, and the Trinity and Brazos Valley, nicknamed the Boll Weevil, operated from Cleburne from 1904 to 1924.<ref name="HBTO"/>

Cleburne was the site of a [[German prisoners of war in the United States|prisoner-of-war camp for German soldiers during World War 2]]. The POWs worked as laborers on local farms.<ref>Matt Smith [https://www.cleburnetimesreview.com/news/local_news/cleburne-s-inglorious-captives/article_17c4c5b4-68e2-54a8-a39d-6ffc4c7b1bcc.html "Cleburne’s inglorious captives"] ''Cleburne Times-Review'' 18 Apr 2010.</ref>

In 1985, the city was the petitioner in the [[Supreme Court of the United States|U.S. Supreme Court]] case ''[[City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc.]]'' after being sued over a [[special-use permit]].

Cleburne is on the fringe of the [[Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]]. Growth in the area has been primarily attributed to [[suburbanization]].<ref>North Central Texas Council of Governments</ref>

On [[Tornado outbreak of May 15–17, 2013|May 15, 2013]], Cleburne was hit by a powerful tornado that cut a mile-wide path through part of the city and damaged about 600 homes and two schools. The National Weather Service rated it EF-3, which has winds between {{convert|136|and|165|mph}}. No deaths or severe injuries were reported.<ref>kwqc.com</ref>

==Geography==
Cleburne is west of the center of Johnson County, {{convert|30|mi}} south of the center of [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]. It is bordered to the north by [[Joshua, Texas|Joshua]] and to the east by [[Keene, Texas|Keene]]. [[U.S. Route 67 in Texas|U.S. Route 67]] runs through the north side of the city on a freeway bypass; the highway leads east {{convert|12|mi}} to [[Alvarado, Texas|Alvarado]] and west {{convert|53|mi}} to [[Stephenville, Texas|Stephenville]]. State Highways [[Texas State Highway 171|171]] and [[Texas State Highway 174|174]] run through the center of Cleburne on Main Street. Highway 171 leads northwest {{Convert|19|mi}} to [[Cresson, Texas|Cresson]] and southeast {{convert|29|mi}} to [[Hillsboro, Texas|Hillsboro]], while Highway 174 leads north {{convert|15|mi}} to [[Burleson, Texas|Burleson]] and southwest {{convert|38|mi}} to [[Meridian, Texas|Meridian]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], Cleburne has a total area of {{convert|84.1|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|76.6|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|7.4|km2|order=flip}}, or 8.86%, are covered by water.<ref name="Census 2010">{{Cite web |title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Cleburne city, Texas |url=https://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4815364 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213070826/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4815364 |archive-date=February 13, 2020 |access-date=December 19, 2018 |work=American Factfinder |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau}}</ref> East and West [[Buffalo Creek (Texas)|Buffalo Creek]] run through the center of Cleburne, flowing south to the [[Nolan River]] and part of the [[Brazos River]] watershed.

===Climate===
{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Cleburne, Texas (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1907–present)
 | Jan record high F  = 90
 | Feb record high F  = 98
 | Mar record high F  = 101
 | Apr record high F  = 102
 | May record high F  = 107
 | Jun record high F  = 113
 | Jul record high F  = 112
 | Aug record high F  = 112
 | Sep record high F  = 114
 | Oct record high F  = 104
 | Nov record high F  = 92
 | Dec record high F  = 93
 | year record high F = 
 | Jan high F = 56.8
 | Feb high F = 61.0
 | Mar high F = 68.2
 | Apr high F = 76.2
 | May high F = 82.7
 | Jun high F = 90.4
 | Jul high F = 94.8
 | Aug high F = 95.3
 | Sep high F = 88.6
 | Oct high F = 78.4
 | Nov high F = 66.9
 | Dec high F = 58.4
 | year high F = 76.5
 | Jan mean F = 45.1
 | Feb mean F = 49.0
 | Mar mean F = 56.3
 | Apr mean F = 64.4
 | May mean F = 72.3
 | Jun mean F = 80.1
 | Jul mean F = 83.6
 | Aug mean F = 83.7
 | Sep mean F = 77.1
 | Oct mean F = 66.4
 | Nov mean F = 55.2
 | Dec mean F = 47.0
 | year mean F = 65.0
 | Jan low F = 33.3
 | Feb low F = 37.1
 | Mar low F = 44.5
 | Apr low F = 52.5
 | May low F = 61.9
 | Jun low F = 69.9
 | Jul low F = 72.5
 | Aug low F = 72.2
 | Sep low F = 65.7
 | Oct low F = 54.4
 | Nov low F = 43.5
 | Dec low F = 35.5
 | year low F = 53.6
 | Jan record low F  = -3
 | Feb record low F  = -1
 | Mar record low F  = 11
 | Apr record low F  = 25
 | May record low F  = 34
 | Jun record low F  = 49
 | Jul record low F  = 57
 | Aug record low F  = 51
 | Sep record low F  = 30
 | Oct record low F  = 20
 | Nov record low F  = 12
 | Dec record low F  = -5
 | year record low F = 
 | precipitation colour   = green
 | Jan precipitation inch = 2.61
 | Feb precipitation inch = 2.52
 | Mar precipitation inch = 3.47
 | Apr precipitation inch = 3.08
 | May precipitation inch = 4.27
 | Jun precipitation inch = 3.90
 | Jul precipitation inch = 2.11
 | Aug precipitation inch = 2.83
 | Sep precipitation inch = 3.02
 | Oct precipitation inch = 4.43
 | Nov precipitation inch = 2.92
 | Dec precipitation inch = 2.53
 | year precipitation inch = 37.69
 | unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
 | Jan precipitation days  = 6.2
 | Feb precipitation days  = 5.9
 | Mar precipitation days  = 6.9
 | Apr precipitation days  = 5.7
 | May precipitation days  = 7.5
 | Jun precipitation days  = 5.7
 | Jul precipitation days  = 4.5
 | Aug precipitation days  = 5.0
 | Sep precipitation days  = 4.8
 | Oct precipitation days  = 6.3
 | Nov precipitation days  = 5.9
 | Dec precipitation days  = 5.7
 | year precipitation days = 70.1
 | Jan snow inch = 0.3
 | Feb snow inch = 0.3
 | Mar snow inch = 0.0
 | Apr snow inch = 0.0
 | May snow inch = 0.0
 | Jun snow inch = 0.0
 | Jul snow inch = 0.0
 | Aug snow inch = 0.0
 | Sep snow inch = 0.0
 | Oct snow inch = 0.0
 | Nov snow inch = 0.0
 | Dec snow inch = 0.2
 | year snow inch = 0.8
 | unit snow days = 0.1 in
 | Jan snow days  = 0.4
 | Feb snow days  = 0.4
 | Mar snow days  = 0.0
 | Apr snow days  = 0.0
 | May snow days  = 0.0
 | Jun snow days  = 0.0
 | Jul snow days  = 0.0
 | Aug snow days  = 0.0
 | Sep snow days  = 0.0
 | Oct snow days  = 0.0
 | Nov snow days  = 0.1
 | Dec snow days  = 0.2
 | year snow days = 1.1
 | source = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="NOWData">{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/Climate?wfo=fwd
|title = NOWData - NOAA Online Weather Data
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 8, 2023}}</ref><ref name="NCEI">{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&stations=USC00411800&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|title = Summary of Monthly Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = November 8, 2023}}</ref>
}}

==Demographics==

{{US Census population
| 1870 = 686
| 1880 = 1855
| 1890 = 3278
| 1900 = 7493
| 1910 = 10364
| 1920 = 12820
| 1930 = 11539
| 1940 = 10558
| 1950 = 12905
| 1960 = 15381
| 1970 = 16015
| 1980 = 19218
| 1990 = 22205
| 2000 = 26005
| 2010 = 29337
| 2020 = 31352
| estyear = 2023
| estimate = 36209
| estref = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

<ref>{{Cite web |publisher=United States Census Bureau |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2023 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |access-date=2024-11-15 |website=Census.gov |language=en}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Cleburne racial composition as of 2020'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4815364&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-22 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><br> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/en.html|title=Census.gov|website=Census.gov}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|18,853
|60.13%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|1,212
|3.87%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|120
|0.38%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|171
|0.55%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|376
|1.2%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|60
|0.19%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|1,199
|3.82%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|9,361
|29.86%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''31,352'''
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 31,352 people, 10,982 households, and 7,441 families residing in the city.

==Attractions==
The City of Cleburne Parks and Recreation Department maintains Splash Station, a small water park for people of all ages.

The {{convert|96|acre|m2|adj=on}} Cleburne Sports Complex contains seven baseball/softball fields, two football fields, and 20 soccer fields.

[[The Depot at Cleburne Station]] is a 1,750-seat baseball stadium, home to the [[Cleburne Railroaders]] of the [[American Association of Independent Professional Baseball]].

[[Plaza Theatre Company]] is a 158-seat theatre-in-the-round, which operates year-round in [[Cleburne Downtown Historic District|Cleburne's historic downtown]]. The troupe provides family-friendly musicals and comedies, and has been the recipient of numerous awards for theatrical excellence since opening in November 2006.

Historic Downtown Cleburne has 7 Antique Malls, numerous Boutiques and Restaurants , The Published Page, a large independent bookstore, and Songbird Live , a music venue all in a 5 block radius to their Courthouse. 

[[Chisholm Trail Outdoor Museum (Cleburne, Texas)|Chisholm Trail Outdoor Museum]] is an outdoor museum located in the western part of Cleburne at the site of Wardville, the original county seat of Johnson County, established in 1854.<ref>{{cite web
 | title = The Chisholm Trail Outdoor Museum - Step Back in Time
 | website = The Chisholm Trail Outdoor Museum
 | url = https://www.thechisholmtrailoutdoormuseum.com/
 | access-date = May 7, 2025
}}</ref> The original courthouse there is the oldest log courthouse in Texas. It has a one-room schoolhouse, a jail with the original iron doors from the Wardville jail, a blacksmith shop, an original mule barn, and a restored stagecoach from two early John Wayne movies. There is also the Big Bear Native American Museum. It was recently{{when|date=May 2022}} named as one of Texas' top 10 open-air museums.<ref>''Cleburne Times Review'', April 22, 2016</ref>

Other local museums include the Cleburne Railroad Museum<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cleburne Railroad Museum {{!}} Cleburne, TX - Official Website|url=http://www.cleburne.net/1051/Cleburne-Railroad-Museum|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.cleburne.net}}</ref> and the [[Layland Museum]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Layland Museum|url=https://www.visitcleburne.com/business/layland-museum|access-date=2021-06-02|website=www.visitcleburne.com|language=en}}</ref>

[[Cleburne State Park]] is in a hilly area {{convert|12|mi}} west of the city center. It has fishing in Cedar Lake, camping, swimming, and hiking trails.

==Economy==
Major employers include [[Walmart]], which maintains a Supercenter retail outlet and a distribution center. Together, those facilities employ 914 workers. The [[Cleburne Independent School District]] is a major employer with 968 employees. Local government is also a major employer, providing 348 jobs, and Johnson County has 598 employees in the city. Johns Manville, Texas Resources Harris Methodist Hospital, Greenbrier rail service (operating at the rail yards previously occupied by Burlington Northern Santa Fe), Supreme Corporation of Texas, and Broan-Nutone are among other major private-sector employers. A recent natural gas boom has now brought related companies to the district and surrounding areas.<ref>Source: Cleburne Chamber of Commerce</ref>
[[File:Maj. Gen. Patrick Cleburne.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Patrick Cleburne]]]]

Fun Town RV, the nation's largest single-location towable RV dealer<ref>Statistical Surveys, Incorporated</ref> employs 412 at its corporate headquarters and sales office.<ref>''Community Life'' Magazine June/July 2016 Vol. 11, No. 3</ref>

==Education==
The city is served by the [[Cleburne Independent School District]], with [[Cleburne High School]] as the only high school. The district also maintains an alternative school, the Team School, and Phoenix, which is the disciplinary school. The district operates two middle schools for grades 6 though 8: A.D. Wheat Middle School and Lowell Smith Intermediate School. Elementary-level schools serving the Cleburne area are Adams, Coleman, Cooke, Gerard, Irving, Marti. and Santa Fe (kindergarten through grade 5). A private school ([http://www.ccacleburne.org Cleburne Christian Academy]) serving age 4 through grade 12 is also available.

[[Hill College]]'s Johnson County Campus is in Cleburne.

===Cleburne High School sports===
Cleburne High School is in UIL district 8-5A. Cleburne's most notable sports stadium, the [[Yellow Jacket Stadium]] is nicknamed "the Rock". It is primarily made of stone and was constructed by the Public Works Administration workers in 1934. Football and soccer are played on this field.

== Notable people ==
<!-- Names listed in alphabetical order. Do not include names without WP articles. -->
* [[William H. Bledsoe]], a member of both houses of Texas legislature from [[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock]], 1915 to 1929
* [[Johnny Carroll]], a rockabilly singer, recorded for Sun Records, Decca Records, and Warner Bros
* [[Pat Culpepper]], All-American linebacker for the [[University of Texas at Austin]]
* [[Donnie Dacus]], former guitarist for [[Chicago (band)|Chicago]]
* [[Leonard Eugene Dickson]], professor of mathematics at University of Chicago 
* [[Dillon Gee]], pitcher for the [[New York Mets]] and others
* [[Joe Keeble]], football player
* [[David McWilliams (American football)|David "Benedict" McWilliams]], a former player and head football coach of the [[University of Texas at Austin]]
* [[Spike Owen]], a former Major League Baseball shortstop 
* [[Derrell Palmer]], a 1950s [[Cleveland Browns]] lineman
* [[Randy Rogers]], singer and front man of [[Randy Rogers Band]]
* [[Del Sharbutt]], radio and television announcer, songwriter, and composer
* [[Barbara Staff]], co-chair of the 1976 [[Ronald Reagan]] [[1976 Republican Party presidential primaries|presidential campaign]] in Texas
* [[Montey Stevenson]], former professional football defensive tackle
* [[Anne Stratton]], composer
* [[Claude Porter White]], composer

==See also==
*[[The Greater Cleburne Carnegie Players]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.cleburne.net/ City of Cleburne official website]
* [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hec02 History of Cleburne in the Handbook of Texas]

{{Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex}}
{{Johnson County, Texas}}
{{Texas}}
{{Texas county seats}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cleburne, Texas| ]]
[[Category:Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex]]
[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Johnson County, Texas]]
[[Category:County seats in Texas]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1867]]
[[Category:1867 establishments in Texas]]