Editing Ciudad Juárez

{{Redirect|Juárez, Mexico|other places|Juárez (disambiguation)#Mexico}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| official_name      = 
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| name               = Ciudad Juárez
| other_name         = Juárez
| native_name_lang   = 
| named_for = [[Benito Juárez]]
| nicknames          = {{lang|es|El Paso del Norte}} ("The North Pass")
| image_skyline      = {{Multiple image
                               | border            = infobox
                               | perrow            = 1/2/2/2
                               | total_width       = 275
                               | caption_align     = center
                               | image1            = Ciudad Juárez, skyline.jpg
                               | caption1          = Ciudad Juárez skyline
                               | image2            = Skyline Paseo Triunfo.jpg
                               | caption2          = Parque Central
                               | image3            = Ciudad Juárez Skyline (Misiones).jpg
                               | caption3          = Misiones Zone
                               | image4            = Catedral de Ciudad Juárez y Misión de Guadalupe.jpg
                               | caption4          = Ciudad Juárez Cathedral and Guadalupe Mission
                               | image5            = Monumento a Benito Juarez Cd Juarez.jpg
                               | caption5          = Benito Juárez Monument
|image6 = Centro de Ciudad Juárez 02.jpg
|caption6 = Museum of the Revolution on the Border
                               | image7            = Monumento a la Mexicanidad (panorama urbano).jpg
                               | caption7          = Monument to the Mexican People
                              }}
| motto              = {{lang|es|Refugio de la libertad, custodia de la república}} ([[Spanish language|Spanish]] for "Refuge of liberty, guard of the republic")
| image_shield       = Coat of arms of Ciudad Juárez.svg
| image_map          = 
| pushpin_map        = Mexico Chihuahua#Mexico
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = Mexico
| subdivision_type1  = [[Administrative divisions of Mexico|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]]
| subdivision_type2  = Municipality
| subdivision_name2  = [[Juárez (Municipality of Chihuahua)|Juárez]]
| leader_title       = [[Municipal president of Juárez|Municipal president]]
| leader_name        = [[Cruz Pérez Cuéllar]]
| leader_title1      = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1       = 
| leader_title2      = 
| leader_name2       = 
| leader_title3      = 
| leader_name3       = 
| established_title  = Foundation
| established_date   = 1659
| established_title2 = 
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = 
| established_date3  = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 321.19
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| population_as_of   = 2020
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9 |title=SCITEL |website=www.inegi.org.mx |access-date=July 10, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164521/https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/ccpv/2020/default.html#Datos_abiertos|title=Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020|publisher=INEGI|date=2020|access-date=2025-01-14}}</ref>
| population_note    =
| population_total   = 1512450
| population_density_km2 = 
| population_density_sq_mi = 10653.26
| population_metro   = 2,539,946<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elpasoredco.org/ |title=The El Paso Regional Economic Development Corporation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918024903/http://www.elpasoredco.org/ |archive-date=September 18, 2013 |url-status=dead |date=September 18, 2013}}</ref>
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_urban   = 
| population_blank1_title = [[Demonym]]
| population_blank1  = Juarense
| demographics_type1       = [[GDP|GDP (PPP, constant 2015 values)]]
| demographics1_footnotes  = 
| demographics1_title1     = Year
| demographics1_info1      = 2023
| demographics1_title2     = Total 
| demographics1_info2      = $41.0&nbsp;billion<ref name="TelluBase">{{cite web|url=https://tellusant.com/repo/tb/tellubase_factsheet_mex.pdf|publisher=Tellusant|title=TelluBase—Mexico Fact Sheet (Tellusant Public Service Series)| access-date = 2024-01-11}}</ref>
| demographics1_title3     = Per capita
| demographics1_info3     = $25,900
| population_rank    = [[List of North American cities by population|16th]] in North America<br />[[List of cities in Mexico|6th]] in Mexico
| blank1_name        = [[Köppen climate classification|Climate]]
| blank1_info        = [[Desert climate#Cold desert climates|BWk]]
| timezone           = [[Mountain Time|MST]]
| utc_offset         = -07:00
| timezone_DST       = [[Mountain Time|MDT]]
| utc_offset_DST     = -06:00
| coordinates        = {{coord|31|44|42|N|106|29|06|W|region:MX-CHH|display=inline,title}}
| elevation_m        = 1140
| elevation_ft       = 
| postal_code_type   = 
| postal_code        = 32000
| area_code          = [[Area codes in Mexico|+52 656]]
| website            = {{url|http://www.juarez.gob.mx}}
| native_name        = Tsé Táhú'ayá ([[Lipan language|Lipan]])
}}
'''Ciudad Juárez''' ({{IPAc-en|US|s|juː|ˌ|d|ɑː|d|_|ˈ|h|w|ɑːr|ɛ|z}} {{respell|sew|DAHD|_|HWAR|ez}}, {{IPA|es|sjuˈðað ˈxwaɾes|lang|ES-pe - Ciudad Juárez.ogg}}; "Juárez City"), commonly referred to as just '''Juárez''' ([[Lipan language|Lipan]]: ''Tsé Táhú'ayá''), is the most populous city in the [[Administrative divisions of Mexico|Mexican state]] of [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Ciudad Juarez|volume=6|page=402}}</ref> It was known until 1888 as {{lang|es|'''El Paso del Norte'''|i=no}} ("The North Pass").<ref>{{cite web |title=History of Ciudad Juárez |url=http://www.elpasohistory.com/jaurez.html |publisher=El Paso County Historical Society |access-date=November 5, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111009104533/http://www.elpasohistory.com/jaurez.html |archive-date=October 9, 2011 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> It is the seat of the [[Juárez Municipality, Chihuahua|Juárez Municipality]] with an estimated metropolitan population of 2.5&nbsp;million people.<ref name=twocities>{{cite news |author=Lisa Chamberlain |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/28/realestate/commercial/28juarez.html |title=2 Cities and 4 Bridges Where Commerce Flows |work=[[The New York Times]] |date=March 28, 2007 |access-date=March 5, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090425021605/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/28/realestate/commercial/28juarez.html?_r=1&scp=1&sq=Where+commerce+flows&st=nyt |archive-date=April 25, 2009 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Juárez lies on the [[Rio Grande|Rio Grande (Río Bravo del Norte)]] river, south of [[El Paso, Texas]], United States. Together with the surrounding areas, the cities form [[El Paso–Juárez]], the second largest [[binational metropolitan area]] on the [[Mexico–United States border|Mexico–U.S. border]] (after [[San Diego–Tijuana]]), with a combined population of over 3.4&nbsp;million people.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.elpasoredco.org/ |title=The Borderplex Alliance |publisher=El Paso Regional Economic Development Corporation |year=2013 |access-date=September 22, 2013 |archive-date=September 18, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130918024903/http://www.elpasoredco.org/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Four international points of entry connect Ciudad Juárez and El Paso: the [[Bridge of the Americas (El Paso–Ciudad Juárez)|Bridge of the Americas]], the [[Ysleta–Zaragoza International Bridge]], the [[Paso del Norte Bridge]], and the [[Stanton Street Bridge]]. Combined, these bridges allowed 22,958,472 crossings in 2008,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.elpasotexas.gov/econdev/_documents/Community%20Profile%202008.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100531181744/https://www2.elpasotexas.gov/econdev/_documents/Community%20Profile%202008.pdf |title=El Paso Texas. Community profile 2008 |archivedate=May 31, 2010}}</ref> making Ciudad Juárez a major point of entry and transportation into the U.S. for all of central northern Mexico. The city has a growing industrial center, which in large part is made up by more than 300 {{lang|es|[[maquiladora]]s}} (assembly plants) located in and around the city. According to a 2007 ''[[The New York Times|New York Times]]'' article, Ciudad Juárez was "absorbing more new industrial real estate space than any other North American city".<ref name=twocities/> In 2008, ''[[FDi magazine|fDi Magazine]]'' designated Ciudad Juárez "The City of the Future".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gdi-solutions.com/fdi/2007awards/Mexico/ciudad_juarez.htm |title=Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico - fDi City of the Future 2007 / 2008 |access-date=August 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150405214313/http://www.gdi-solutions.com/fdi/2007awards/Mexico/ciudad_juarez.htm |archive-date=April 5, 2015 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

==History==
{{further|Timeline of Ciudad Juárez|History of El Paso, Texas}}

[[File:Nuestra Senora de Guadalupe de los Manso.jpg|thumb|left|A painting of the Guadalupe Mission in the 1850s.  The Presidio del Paso del Rio Norte can be seen to the right in the far background.]]
[[File:Juarez Cathedrale et mission 24-02-2007.jpg|right|thumb|Juárez mission and cathedral]]

As 17th-century Spanish explorers sought a route through the southern [[Rocky Mountains]], the Franciscan Friar García de San Francisco founded Ciudad Juárez in 1659 as "El Paso del Norte" ("The North Pass"). The [[Misión de Guadalupe de los Mansos en el Paso del río del Norte]] became the first permanent Spanish development in the area in the 1660s. The [[Franciscan]] friars established a community that grew in importance as commerce between Santa Fe and [[Chihuahua, Chihuahua|Chihuahua]] passed through it. The wood for the first bridge across the Rio Grande came from [[Santa Fe, New Mexico]], in the late 18th century. The original population of [[Mansos]], [[Suma-Jumano|Suma]], [[Jumano]], and other natives from the south brought by the Spanish from Central [[New Spain]] grew around the mission. In 1680 during the [[Pueblo Revolt]], most of the [[Piro Pueblo]] and some of the [[Tiwa Puebloans|Tiwa people]] branch of the [[Pueblo]] became refugees. A Mission was established for the Tigua in [[Ysleta, El Paso, Texas|Ysleta del Sur]]. Piro Pueblo colonial era settlements along El Camino Real, south of the Guadalupe Mission, included Missions [[San Lorenzo, Ciudad Juárez|Real de San Lorenzo]], [[Senecú, Ciudad Juárez|Senecú del Sur]], and [[Socorro, Texas|Soccoro del Sur]]. [[Presidio del Nuestra Senora del Pilar del Paso del Rio Norte]] was established near the Mission in 1683.<ref name=Torok>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=69auCgAAQBAJ |title=From the Pass to the Pueblos |first=George D. |last=Torok |date=December 1, 2011 |publisher=Sunstone Press |isbn=9780865348967 |via=Google Books |access-date=November 18, 2019 |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330081901/https://books.google.com/books?id=69auCgAAQBAJ |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|39–96}}

The population of the entire district was close to 5,000 in 1750 when the [[Apache]] attacked the other native towns and ranchos around the missions. Additional Presidios were established to counter them. One Presidio, San Elzeario, was established near [[El Porvenir, Chihuahua|El Porvenir]] in 1774, where it remained until being moved in 1788 to what is now [[San Elizario, Texas]], where that settlement grew up around that Presidio. Another was [[Presidio de San Fernando de Carrizal]], which was established in 1774 at the San Fernando settlement that became present-day [[Carrizal, Chihuahua]].<ref name=Torok/>{{rp|39–40}}

During the [[Mexican–American War]], the [[Battle of El Bracito]] took place nearby on Christmas Day, 1846. The 1848 [[Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo]] established the Rio Grande as the border between Mexico and the United States. The main channel of the Rio Grande had moved southwestward leaving the settlements of Ysleta, Socorro, and San Elzeario on the Camino Real on the north bank of the river, isolated from the rest of the towns, in Texas.

[[File:Monumento a Benito Juárez.JPG|thumb|left|[[Benito Juárez]] monument located in central Juárez]]

Other settlements on the east bank of the Rio Grande were not part of a town at that time; as the U.S. Army set up its installations settlements grew around it. This would later become El Paso, Texas. From that time until around 1930, populations on both sides of the border moved freely across it.{{citation needed||date=November 2023}}

In 1853, a new border adjustment occurred when the territory of La Mesilla was sold to the United States, with which the new border line after the Rio Grande began precisely in Paso del Norte, reinforcing its status as a border town.

During the [[Second French intervention in Mexico|French intervention in Mexico]] (1862–1867), [[Benito Juárez]]'s republican forces stopped temporarily at El Paso del Norte before establishing his [[government-in-exile]] in Chihuahua. After 1882, the city grew, in large part, because of the arrival of the Mexican Central Railway. Commerce thrived in the city as more banks began operating, telegraph and telephone services became available, and trams appeared. These commercial activities were under the firm control of the city's oligarchy, which consisted of the Ochoa, Samaniego, Daguerre, Provencio, and Cuarón families. In 1888, El Paso del Norte was renamed in honor of Benito Juárez.

===City expansion under Porfirio Díaz ===
The city expanded significantly thanks to [[Porfirio Díaz]]'s free-trade policy, creating a new retail and service sector along the old Calle del Comercio (now Vicente Guerrero) and September 16 Avenue. A bullring opened in 1899. The Escobar brothers founded the city's first institution of higher education in 1906, the Escuela Particular de Agricultura. That same year, a series of public works are inaugurated, including the city's sewage and drainage system, as well as potable water. A public library, schools, new public market (the old Mercado Cuauhtémoc) and parks dotted the city, making it one of many Porfirian showcases.{{clarify|date=September 2013}} 

Modern hotels and restaurants were built to cater the increased international railroad traffic from the 1880s onwards. However, national and foreign opposition to the "disloyal" commercial rivalry of the [[Zona Libre|free zone]] was not long in coming and the Mexican government was forced to modify the status of the free zone in 1891. To this must be added the worldwide devaluation of silver and [[water scarcity]], which generated a severe economic crisis in the city, causing a significant number of workers to flee to the United States. As a result of the collapse of commercial activities and population, Ciudad Juárez focused on tourism as an economic activity at the beginning of the 20th century, particularly promoting "diversions", thus beginning "the moment of scandal"<ref>{{Cite book |last=Flores Simental |first=Raúl |title=Paso del norte en el siglo XXI : breve historia de Ciudad Juárez |publisher=Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez |year=2017 |location=Ciudad Juarez |language=Spanish}}</ref>

[[File:Presidents Taft and Diaz, Oct. 1909.jpg|thumb|upright|Taft and Díaz, historic first presidential summit, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico, 1909]]

In 1909, Díaz and [[William Howard Taft]] planned a summit in Ciudad Juárez and El Paso, a historic first meeting between a Mexican and a U.S. president, and also the first time a U.S. president would cross the border into Mexico.{{sfn|Harris|2009|p=1}} But tensions rose on both sides of the border over the disputed [[Chamizal dispute|Chamizal strip]] connecting Ciudad Juárez to El Paso, even though it would have been considered neutral territory with no flags present during the summit.{{sfn|Harris|2009|p=14}} The [[Texas Rangers Division|Texas Rangers]], 4,000 U.S. and Mexican troops, U.S. Secret Service agents, FBI agents and U.S. marshals were all called in to provide security.{{sfn|Harris|2009|p=15}} [[Frederick Russell Burnham]], the celebrated scout, was put in charge of a 250 private security detail hired by [[John Hays Hammond]].{{sfn|Hampton|1910}}{{sfn|van Wyk|2003|pp=440–446}} On October 16, the day of the summit, Burnham and Private C.R. Moore, a Texas Ranger, discovered a man holding a concealed [[Protector Palm Pistol|palm pistol]] standing at the El Paso Chamber of Commerce building along the procession route.{{sfn|Harris|2009|p=16}}{{sfn|Hammond|1935|pp=565-66}} Burnham and Moore captured, disarmed, and arrested the assassin within only a few feet of Díaz and Taft.{{sfn|Harris|2009|p=213}}{{sfn|Harris|2004|p=26}}

=== Mexican Revolution ===
The city was Mexico's largest border town by 1910. As such, it held strategic importance during the [[Mexican Revolution]]. In May 1911, about 3,000 revolutionary fighters under the leadership of [[Francisco I. Madero]] laid siege to Ciudad Juárez, which was garrisoned by 500 regular Federal troops under the command of General Juan José Navarro. Navarro's force was supported by 300 civilian auxiliaries and local police. After two days of heavy fighting most of the city had fallen to the insurrectionists and the surviving federal soldiers had withdrawn to their barracks. Navarro then formally surrendered to Madero. The capture of a key border town at an early stage of the revolution not only enabled the revolutionary forces to bring in weapons and supplies from El Paso, but marked the beginning of the end for the demoralized Diaz regime.<ref>{{cite book |first=Ronald |last=Aitkin |pages=85–90 |title=Mexico 1910-20 |publisher=Macmillan & Co |date=1969}}</ref>

During the subsequent years of the conflict, [[Pancho Villa]] and other revolutionaries struggled for the control of the town (and income from the Federal Customs House), destroying much of the city during battles in [[Battle of Ciudad Juárez (1911)|1911]] and 1913. Much of the population abandoned the city between 1914 and 1917. Tourism, gambling, and light manufacturing drove the city's recovery from the 1920s until the 1940s. A series of mayors in the 1940s–1960s, like Carlos Villareal and René Mascareñas Miranda, ushered in a period of high growth and development predicated on the PRONAF border industrialization development program. 

=== Beautification ===
A beautification program spruced up the city center, building a series of arched porticos around the main square, as well as neo-colonial façades for main public buildings such as the city health clinic, the central fire station, and city hall. The cathedral, built in the 1950s, gave the city center the flavor of central Mexico, with its carved towers and elegant dome, but structural problems required its remodeling in the 1970s. The city's population reached some 400,000 by 1970. In 1984, the city had a [[Ciudad Juárez cobalt-60 contamination incident|radiation incident]] after a private medical company illegally purchased a radiation therapy unit. It was dismantled, sold to a junkyard and later smelted to produce six thousand tons of [[rebar]] (which is used to reinforce buildings), exposing thousands to radiation.

[[File:PlazaDeLaMexicanidad.jpg|thumb|View of the Plaza de la Mexicanidad in north central Juárez]]

Juárez has grown substantially in recent decades due to a large influx of people moving into the city in search of jobs with the [[maquiladoras]]. {{As of | 2014}} more technological firms have moved to the city, such as the [[Delphi Corporation]] Technical Center, the largest in the Western Hemisphere, which employs over 2,000 engineers. Large [[slum|slum housing]] communities called ''[[colonia (border settlement)|colonias]]'' have become extensive.

Juárez has a long, notorious history of [[drug trafficking]] and the intense related violence.<ref name=bbc>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7682465.stm "Human heads sent to Mexico police"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728033147/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7682465.stm |date=July 28, 2011 }}, ''BBC News'', October 21, 2008. Accessed March 5, 2009</ref> Mexico's first homegrown cartel, run by [[Ignacia Jasso]], was seated in the city, and for a time controlled much of the border drug trade.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Duhaime |first=Christine |title=Queen of the North: the forgotten story of how a woman more dangerous than Lucky Luciano, ran the first Mexican drug cartel for 50 years |url=https://www.antimoneylaunderinglaw.com/2021/01/queen-of-the-north-the-forgotten-story-of-how-a-woman-more-dangerous-than-lucky-luciano-ran-the-first-mexican-drug-cartel-for-50-years.html/2 |access-date=2021-07-01 |website=Anti Money Laundering Law in Canada |date=January 7, 2021 |language=en-US |archive-date=July 9, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210709182331/https://www.antimoneylaunderinglaw.com/2021/01/queen-of-the-north-the-forgotten-story-of-how-a-woman-more-dangerous-than-lucky-luciano-ran-the-first-mexican-drug-cartel-for-50-years.html/2 |url-status=live }}</ref> Today the [[Juárez Cartel]] controls the routes in Juárez. Related violence in the city is responsible for more than 1,000 unsolved [[Female homicides in Ciudad Juárez|murders of young women]] from 1993 to 2003.{{Citation needed|date=October 2021}}

== Export exchange ==
Juárez is known for being a leading export city. International sales of Juárez in 2020 were US$54.9B, 13.7 percent more than the previous year. The products with the highest level of international sales in 2020 were data processing machines and data processing units, not elsewhere specified or included elsewhere (US$22.8B), electrical wires and cables (US$3.89B), and instruments and appliances used in medical sciences (US$2.78B).<ref name="auto2">{{Cite web |url=https://datamexico.org/en/profile/geo/juarez-8037 |title=Juárez: Economy, employment, equity, quality of life, education, health and public safety |website=Data México |accessdate=March 5, 2023 |archive-date=February 13, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230213091708/https://datamexico.org/en/profile/geo/juarez-8037 |url-status=live }}</ref> International purchases of Juárez in 2020 were US$48.3B, 16.7 percent more than the previous year. The products with the highest level of international purchases in 2020 were Electronic Integrated Circuits (US$9.96B), Parts and Accessories of Machines (US$8B), and data processing machines and data processing units, not elsewhere specified or included elsewhere (US$4.51B).<ref name="auto2"/>

== Geography ==

=== Climate ===
Due to its location in the [[Chihuahuan Desert]] and high altitude, Ciudad Juárez has a [[cold desert climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''[[BWk]]''). Seasons are distinct, with hot summers, mild springs and autumns, and cold winters. Summer average high is {{cvt|35|°C|°F}} with lows of {{cvt|21|°C|°F}}. Winter highs average {{cvt|14|°C|°F}} with lows of {{cvt|0|°C|°F}}. Rainfall is scarce and greater in summer. Snowfalls occur occasionally (about four times a year), between November and March. On December 26/27, 2015, parts of the city received {{cvt|40|cm|0}} of snow within a 24-hour period beating the previous record of {{cvt|28|cm|0}} set in 1951.<ref>{{cite web |title=El norte de México vive una emergencia por el frío; nevada histórica paraliza Juárez |date=December 28, 2015 |url=http://www.sinembargo.mx/28-12-2015/1586283 |publisher=SinEmbargo |access-date=December 28, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151231080207/http://www.sinembargo.mx/28-12-2015/1586283 |archive-date=December 31, 2015 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> The record high is {{cvt|49|°C|°F}} and the record low is {{cvt|-23|°C|°F}}.

<!--Infobox begins-->{{Weather box
| metric first = Yes
| single line = Yes
| collapsed = yes
| open = 
| location = Ciudad Juárez (Downtown), elevation: {{cvt|1135|m|sp=us}}, 1971-2001 normals
| Jan high C = 13.7
| Jan record high C = 28.0
| Feb high C = 16.9
| Feb record high C = 30.0
| Mar high C = 20.1
| Mar record high C = 33.0
| Apr high C = 27.0
| Apr record high C = 39.0
| May high C = 31.6
| May record high C = 42.0
| Jun high C = 35.6
| Jun record high C = 49.0
| Jul high C = 35.5
| Jul record high C = 44.0
| Aug high C = 34.6
| Aug record high C = 41.5
| Sep high C = 31.1
| Sep record high C = 41.0
| Oct high C = 25.8
| Oct record high C = 38.0
| Nov high C = 19.1
| Nov record high C = 30.1
| Dec high C = 15.7
| Dec record high C = 34.0
| year high C = 25.6
| year record high C = 49.0
| Jan mean C = 5.8
| Feb mean C = 8.4
| Mar mean C = 11.7
| Apr mean C = 18.0
| May mean C = 21.7
| Jun mean C = 25.9
| Jul mean C = 27.5
| Aug mean C = 26.6
| Sep mean C = 23.4
| Oct mean C = 17.4
| Nov mean C = 10.6
| Dec mean C = 7.2
| year mean C = 17.0
| Jan low C = -1.9
| Jan record low C = -23.0
| Feb low C = 0.0
| Feb record low C = -18.0
| Mar low C = 3.3
| Mar record low C = -13.0
| Apr low C = 9.0
| Apr record low C = -5.0
| May low C = 11.9
| May record low C = 1.0
| Jun low C = 16.3
| Jun record low C = 5.0
| Jul low C = 19.5
| Jul record low C = 10.0
| Aug low C = 18.6
| Aug record low C = 10.0
| Sep low C = 15.7
| Sep record low C = 7.0
| Oct low C = 9.1
| Oct record low C = -3.0
| Nov low C = 2.2
| Nov record low C = -13.4
| Dec low C = -1.2
| Dec record low C = -12.0
| year low C = 8.5
| year record low C = -23.0

 <!--****Precipitation ****-->
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 7.7
| Feb precipitation mm = 11.5
| Mar precipitation mm = 9.9
| Apr precipitation mm = 1.1
| May precipitation mm = 4.9
| Jun precipitation mm = 11.0
| Jul precipitation mm = 58.3
| Aug precipitation mm = 41.1
| Sep precipitation mm = 36.4
| Oct precipitation mm = 16.4
| Nov precipitation mm = 9.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 12.8
| year precipitation mm = 220.4
| Jan rain days = 2.07
| Feb rain days = 2.42
| Mar rain days = 2.4
| Apr rain days = 0.46
| May rain days = 1.14
| Jun rain days = 2.26
| Jul rain days = 6.85
| Aug rain days = 4.78
| Sep rain days = 3.92
| Oct rain days = 2.71
| Nov rain days = 1.78
| Dec rain days = 1.78
| year rain days = 32.57
| Jan snow days = 2
| Feb snow days = 1
| Mar snow days = 0
| Apr snow days = 0
| May snow days = 0
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0
| Oct snow days = 0
| Nov snow days = 0
| Dec snow days = 1
| year snow days = 4
| Jan humidity    =44
| Feb humidity    =36
| Mar humidity    =27
| Apr humidity    =22
| May humidity    =22
| Jun humidity    =24
| Jul humidity    =37
| Aug humidity    =38
| Sep humidity    =42
| Oct humidity    =39
| Nov humidity    =40
| Dec humidity    =48
| year humidity   =

| Jan sun  =223.2
| Feb sun  =211.9
| Mar sun  =294.5
| Apr sun  =351
| May sun  =365.8
| Jun sun  =357
| Jul sun  =365.8
| Aug sun  =365.8
| Sep sun  =339
| Oct sun  =232.5
| Nov sun  =219
| Dec sun  =220.1
| year sun =
| Jand sun  =7.2
| Febd sun  =7.5
| Mard sun  =9.5
| Aprd sun  =11.7
| Mayd sun  =11.8
| Jund sun  =11.9
| Juld sun  =11.8
| Augd sun  =11.8
| Sepd sun  =11.3
| Octd sun  =7.5
| Novd sun  =7.3
| Decd sun  =7.1
| yeard sun =
| Jan light = 10.4
| Feb light = 11.1
| Mar light = 12
| Apr light = 13
| May light = 13.8
| Jun light = 14.2
| Jul light = 14
| Aug light = 13.3
| Sep light = 12.3
| Oct light = 11.4
| Nov light = 10.5
| Dec light = 10.1
| year light= 
| source = [[Servicio Meteorologico Nacional (Mexico)|SMN]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/normales/estacion/chih/NORMAL08213.TXT |title=Servicio Meteorologico Nacional: Normales Ciudad Juarez 1971–2001 |language=es |access-date=November 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100906234935/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/normales/estacion/chih/NORMAL08213.TXT |archive-date=September 6, 2010 |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| source 2 = Meoweather.com (Snowy days),<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meoweather.com/history/Mexico/na/31.733333/-106.483333/Ciudad%20Ju%C3%A1rez.html |title=Meoweather: Ciudad Juárez average weather by month |access-date=May 10, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220021956/http://www.meoweather.com/history/Mexico/na/31.733333/-106.483333/Ciudad%20Ju%C3%A1rez.html |archive-date=December 20, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref> Weather Atlas(humidity-sun-daylight)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/mexico/ciudad-juarez-climate |title=The climate of Ciudad Juarez |access-date=10 July 2024 |website=Weater Atlas |no-pp=y}}</ref>
}}
<!--Infobox ends-->

===Cityscape===
[[File:Ciudad Juárez skyline.jpg|thumb|left|Skyline of Ciudad Juárez]]
[[File:Replica del arco del triunfo.JPG|thumb|Replica of the [[Arc de Triomphe]] marking the entrance of the exclusive Campos Elíseos residential community. In the background, Hospital Ángeles]]

Ciudad Juárez has many affluent neighborhoods, such as [[Campestre (Ciudad Juárez)|Campestre]], Campos Elíseos, and Misión de Los Lagos. Other neighborhoods, including [[Anapra]], [[Chaveña]], and Anáhuac, would be considered more marginal, while the remaining neighborhoods in Juárez represent the middle- to working-class, for example, Infonavit, Las Misiones, Valle de Juárez, Lindavista, Altavista, Guadalajara, Galeana, Flores Magón, Mariano Escobedo, Los Nogales, and Independencia.

==Demographics==
[[File:ElPaso-Juarez-EO.jpg|thumb|upright|Satellite picture of Ciudad Juárez and El Paso]]
[[File:Bridge of the Americas (El Paso–Ciudad Juárez), June 2016.jpg|thumb|Going into Mexico from El Paso]]
{{Historical populations
|align=left
|footnote=<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9 |title=SCITEL |access-date=July 10, 2021 |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126164521/https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/scitel/Default?ev=9 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citypopulation.de/Mexico-Chihuahua.html |title=Chihuahua (Mexico): State, Major Cities & Towns - Population Statistics in Maps and Charts |website=Citypopulation.de |access-date=June 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180628233355/http://www.citypopulation.de/Mexico-Chihuahua.html |archive-date=June 28, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|1990|789522
|2000|1187275
|2010|1321004
|2020|1501551
}}

Between the 1960s and 1990s, Juárez saw a high level of population growth due in part to the newly established maquiladoras. The end of the [[Bracero Program]] also brought workers back from border cities in the U.S. through Ciudad Juárez, contributing to the growing number of citizens.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Boudreaux |first=Corrie |title=Public Memorialization and the Grievability of Victims in Ciudad Juárez |url=http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=02526bdd-f315-47be-a518-380a18ee6b84%40sessionmgr4009&vid=0&hid=4109&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=118882351&db=a9h |journal=Social Research |volume=83 |issue=2}}{{Dead link|date=July 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

The average annual growth in population over a 10-year period [1990–2000] was 5.3%.<ref name="Business Frontier">{{cite journal |last=Coronado |first=Roberto |author2=Lucinda Vargas |year=2001 |title=Economic Update on El Paso del Norte |journal=Business Frontier |issue=2 |url=http://www.dallasfed.org/research/busfront/bus0102.pdf |access-date=September 15, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003031739/http://www.dallasfed.org/research/busfront/bus0102.pdf |archive-date=October 3, 2008 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>  According to the 2010 population census, the city had 1,321,004 inhabitants, while the municipality had 1,332,131 inhabitants. During the last decades the city has received migrants from Mexico's interior, some figures state that 32% of the city's population originate outside the state of Chihuahua, mainly from the states of [[Durango]] (9.9%), [[Coahuila]] (6.3%), [[Veracruz]] (3.7%) and [[Zacatecas]] (3.5%), as well as from [[Mexico City]] (1.7%).<ref name="Business Frontier"/>

However, a March 2009 article noted there has been a mass exodus of people who could afford to leave the city due to the ongoing violence from the Mexican Drug War. The article quoted a city planning department estimate of over 116,000 abandoned homes, which could roughly be the equivalent of 400,000 people who have left the city due to the violence.<ref name="Wall Street Journal">{{cite news |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703580904575132004265333546 |title=Cartel Wars Gut Juárez, a Onetime Boom Town |last=Casey |first=Nicholas |date=March 20, 2010 |work=[[The Wall Street Journal]] |access-date=March 22, 2010 |archive-date=August 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810112224/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703580904575132004265333546 |url-status=live }}</ref> A September 2010 article in ''[[The Guardian]]''  said of Ciudad Juárez: "About 10,670 businesses – 40% of the total – have shut down. A study by the city's university found that 116,000 houses have been abandoned and 230,000 people have left."<ref name="The Guardian">[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/03/mexico-drug-war-killing-fields Mexican Drug War: The New Killing Fields] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170228221517/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/sep/03/mexico-drug-war-killing-fields |date=February 28, 2017 }}, ''The Guardian'', September 3, 2010. Retrieved September 4, 2010.</ref>

==Government==
The city is governed by a municipal president and an 18-seat council. The president is [[Cruz Pérez Cuéllar]], who won as a MORENA candidate in 2021. Six national parties are represented on the council: the PRI, the [[National Action Party (Mexico)|National Action Party]], [[Ecologist Green Party of Mexico]], [[Party of the Democratic Revolution]], [[Labor Party (Mexico)|Labor Party]] and the [[New Alliance Party (Mexico)|New Alliance Party]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.juarez.gob.mx/cabildo/hacienda.php |title=Index of councilors |publisher=Gobierno Municipal de Juárez |language=es |access-date=November 22, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226033138/http://juarez.gob.mx/cabildo/hacienda.php |archive-date=February 26, 2009}}</ref>

===Crime and safety===
{{further|Mexican drug war|Female homicides in Ciudad Juárez}}
[[File:Utah University pink crosses protest for Juarez.jpg|thumb|Crosses erected as a monument to victims of the Juárez femicides in front of the student union at the University of Utah]]

Violence towards women in the municipality increased dramatically between 1993 and the mid-2000s,<ref name="femicide"/> with approximately 370 girls and women murdered<ref name=Amnesty>{{cite web |title=Mexico: Justice fails in Ciudad Juarez and the city of Chihuahua |url=http://www.amnestyusa.org/node/55339 |publisher=Amnesty International |access-date=March 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120303095740/http://www.amnestyusa.org/node/55339 |archive-date=March 3, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> and at least 400 women reported missing.<ref name="femicide">{{cite web |last=Sarriya |first=Nidya |date=August 3, 2009 |title=Femicides of Juárez: Violence Against Women in Mexico |publisher=[[Council on Hemispheric Affairs]] |url=http://www.commondreams.org/view/2009/08/03-8 |access-date=November 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100113210825/http://www.commondreams.org/view/2009/08/03-8 |archive-date=January 13, 2010 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Much of the violence in the city is due to warring drug cartels, primarily the Juárez, Jalisco and Sinaloa cartels. As of September 2022, the war has taken the lives of 717 individuals, including 87 women.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-09-01 |title=Cartel murders on the rise again in Juarez |url=https://www.borderreport.com/immigration/border-crime/cartel-murders-on-the-rise-again-in-juarez/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=BorderReport |language=en-US |archive-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103235632/https://www.borderreport.com/immigration/border-crime/cartel-murders-on-the-rise-again-in-juarez/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2012, the Juárez [[police department]] dismissed approximately 800 officers in an effort to clean up corruption within its ranks.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.wfaa.com/news/world/182628411.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213024832/http://www.wfaa.com/news/world/182628411.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=December 13, 2012 |title=As murders plummet in Juarez, controversial police chief earns praise |last=Kocherga |first=Angela |date=December 7, 2012 |publisher=[[WFAA-TV|WFAA.com]] |access-date=December 7, 2012}}</ref>  Recruitment goals set by the department called for the force to more than double.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.kfoxtv.com/news/17382955/detail.html |title=Juárez Police Department To Dismiss Third Of Force |last=Balderrama |first=Monica |date=September 10, 2008 |publisher=[[KFOX-TV|KFOXTV.com]] |access-date=November 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110406042448/http://www.kfoxtv.com/news/17382955/detail.html |archive-date=April 6, 2011 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2009, a vigilante group calling itself Juárez Citizens Command threatened to put a stop to all the perpetrators of violence if the government continued to fail to curb the violence in the city.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/newupdated/ci_11463340Juarez |title=Juarez vigilante group claims it will kill one criminal every 24 hours |last=Borunda |first=Daniel |newspaper=[[El Paso Times]] |access-date=November 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20140111234156/http://www.elpasotimes.com/newupdated/ci_11463340Juarez |archive-date=January 11, 2014 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Government officials expressed concern that such vigilantism would contribute to further instability and violence.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_11522345 |title=Vigilante group sets deadline for Juárez |last=Borunda |first=Daniel |newspaper=[[El Paso Times]] |access-date=November 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120628234911/http://www.elpasotimes.com/ci_11522345?source=most_viewed |archive-date=June 28, 2012 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

In 2008, General Moreno and the Third Infantry Company took over the fight against the cartels in town. They were removed in 2009, with the general and 29 of his associates now in custody and awaiting trial for charges of murder and civil rights violations.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexico-moves-away-from-secret-military-tribunals/2012/11/11/12bfb088-2497-11e2-92f8-7f9c4daf276a_story_1.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |first=William |last=Booth |title=The Americas |date=December 10, 2012 | access-date=August 25, 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121123071946/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/mexico-moves-away-from-secret-military-tribunals/2012/11/11/12bfb088-2497-11e2-92f8-7f9c4daf276a_story_1.html | archive-date=November 23, 2012 | url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/crime/2016/04/29/mexican-general-gets-52-years-torture-death/83721714/ |title=Mexican general gets 52 years in torture, death |work=El Paso Times |last=Figueroa |first=Lorena |date=April 29, 2016 |access-date=July 12, 2020 |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330081909/https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/crime/2016/04/29/mexican-general-gets-52-years-torture-death/83721714/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In response to increasing violence in the city, the presence of the [[Mexican Armed Forces]] and [[Federal Police (Mexico)|Federal Police]] has almost doubled. By August 2009 there were more than 7500 soldiers augmented by an expanded and highly restaffed municipal police force.<ref name="cnn4">{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/americas/08/31/mexico.juarez.mayor/index.html |title=Mayor of violence-torn Juarez: 'We're at turning point' |date=August 31, 2009 |work=cnn.com/world |publisher=[[Cable News Network]] |access-date=November 28, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091215180720/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/americas/08/31/mexico.juarez.mayor/index.html |archive-date=December 15, 2009 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
[[File:Cd Juarez murder rate chart 1.png|thumb|Chart showing decline in the murder rate. Source: InSightCrime.org]]

{{As of|2019}}, Juárez's murder rate placed #2 of the highest reported in the world, at [[List of cities by murder rate|104 murders per 100,000 inhabitants]]. An August 2008 ''[[GQ]]'' article described a dispirited and disorderly atmosphere that permeated the city, caused by multiple factors including drug violence, government corruption and poverty.<ref name=bbc/><ref name="GQ">{{cite journal |last=Bowden |first=Chris |date=July 2008 |title=Mexico's Red Days |journal=[[GQ]] |publisher=GQ.com, Condé Nast Digital |pages=1–6 |url=https://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=1 |access-date=November 27, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120316083812/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=1 |archive-date=March 16, 2012 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}} [https://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=2 p.2] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402124414/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=2 |date=April 2, 2015 }}, [https://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=3 p.3] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203015500/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=3 |date=December 3, 2013 }}, [https://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=4 p.4] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094313/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=4 |date=April 2, 2015 }}, [https://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=5 p.5] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155854/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=5 |date=April 2, 2015 }}, [https://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=6 p.6] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120625/http://www.gq.com/news-politics/big-issues/200807/juarez-mexico-border-murder-drug-war?currentPage=6 |date=April 2, 2015 }}</ref> As of February 2022, homicides in the city have reached a three-year low, with a total of 1412 homicides in the year 2021. However, Amnesty International estimates that as many as 95 percent of violent crimes go unreported, meaning there are questions to the accuracy of the 2021 figures.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Kladzyk |first=René |date=2022-02-03 |title=Homicides in Juárez reach three-year low amid increased attention to femicides |url=http://elpasomatters.org/2022/02/03/homicides-in-juarez-reach-three-year-low-amid-increased-attention-to-femicides/ |access-date=2022-11-03 |website=El Paso Matters |language=en-US |archive-date=November 3, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103235749/https://elpasomatters.org/2022/02/03/homicides-in-juarez-reach-three-year-low-amid-increased-attention-to-femicides/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Crime reduction===
After the homicide rates escalated to the point of making Ciudad Juárez the most violent city in the world, violent crime began to decline in the early 2010s.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/05/world/americas/mexico-juarez-killings-drop/ |title=Juarez shedding violent image, statistics show |publisher=CNN |year=2014 |access-date=January 9, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110085259/http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/05/world/americas/mexico-juarez-killings-drop/ |archive-date=January 10, 2014 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2012, homicides were at their lowest rate since 2007 when drug violence flared between the [[Sinaloa Cartel|Sinaloa]] and [[Juárez Cartel]].<ref name=warover>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/in-mexicos-murder-city-the-war-appears-over/2012/08/19/aacab85e-e0a0-11e1-8d48-2b1243f34c85_story.html |title=In Mexico's Murder City the war appears over |last=Booth |first=William |date=August 20, 2012 |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=August 23, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120822112555/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/in-mexicos-murder-city-the-war-appears-over/2012/08/19/aacab85e-e0a0-11e1-8d48-2b1243f34c85_story.html |archive-date=August 22, 2012 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> That trend has continued in 2015 with 300 homicides reported, the lowest number since 2006.<ref>{{cite news |title=Termina 2015 con 300 homicidios; disminuye violencia en 23% del 2014 |url=http://www.juareznoticias.com/termina-2015-con-300-homicidios-disminuye-violencia-en-23-del-2014/ |access-date=January 14, 2015 |newspaper=Juarez Noticias |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304081305/http://www.juareznoticias.com/termina-2015-con-300-homicidios-disminuye-violencia-en-23-del-2014/ |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Explanations for the rapid decline in violence include the Sinaloa Cartel's success in defeating its rivals,<ref>Vulliamy, Ed (19 July 2015). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/19/mexico-drugs-cartel-joaquin-guzman#comment-55998073 Has 'El Chapo' turned the world's former most dangerous place into a calm city?] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160721044325/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jul/19/mexico-drugs-cartel-joaquin-guzman#comment-55998073 |date=July 21, 2016 }}. ''The Observer''.</ref> as well as federal, state and local government efforts to combat crime and improve the city's quality of life.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

The cause of the reduction in crime is the subject of speculation. One theory attributes it to deals the rival gangs made to coexist once the federal police were withdrawn in 2011. Another holds that a more powerful trafficking network, such as Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán's Sinaloa cartel, might have moved in and restored a kind of "order among thieves."<ref name="Times">{{Cite web |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-mexico-juarez-recovery-20140504-story.html |title=In Mexico, Ciudad Juarez reemerging from grip of violence |last=Times |first=Los Angeles |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |access-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114001745/http://www.latimes.com/world/mexico-americas/la-fg-mexico-juarez-recovery-20140504-story.html |archive-date=November 14, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |date=May 4, 2014}}</ref> Others attribute it to the end of the cartel war between Juárez and Sinaloa,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/americas/mexico-ciudad-juarez-tourism/index.html |title=After years of violence, 'life is back' in Juarez |author=Nick Valencia |website=Cnn.com |date=April 21, 2015 |access-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915224623/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/americas/mexico-ciudad-juarez-tourism/index.html |archive-date=September 15, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the arrest or dismissal of many policemen with cartel ties,<ref name="auto">{{Cite web |url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/americas/mexico-ciudad-juarez-tourism/index.html |title=After years of violence, 'life is back' in Juarez |author=Nick Valencia |website=CNN |date=April 21, 2015 |access-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160915224623/http://www.cnn.com/2015/04/21/americas/mexico-ciudad-juarez-tourism/index.html |archive-date=September 15, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> resolutions reached by liaisons between government and a group of local leaders called "La Mesa de Seguridad y Justicia",<ref name="Fern">{{Cite web |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.com/miguel-fernandez/a-new-era-in-ciudad-juare_b_9247576.html |title=A New Era in Ciudad Juarez {{!}} Huffington Post|last1=Fern|first1=Miguel|last2=CEO|first2=ez|date=February 17, 2016|website=The Huffington Post |access-date=October 8, 2016|last3=Transtelco |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161114165554/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/miguel-fernandez/a-new-era-in-ciudad-juare_b_9247576.html |archive-date=November 14, 2016 |url-status=live|df=mdy-all}}</ref> and the creation of an anti-extortion squad to combat extortion inflicted upon local companies.<ref name="nationalgeographic.com">{{Cite news |url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/06/juarez-mexico-border-city-drug-cartels-murder-revival/ |title=Once the World's Most Dangerous City, Juárez Returns to Life |date=May 13, 2016 |access-date=October 8, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161003135428/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/06/juarez-mexico-border-city-drug-cartels-murder-revival/ |archive-date=October 3, 2016 |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all}}</ref> Crime was significantly reduced from 2010 to 2014, with 3,500 homicides in 2010 and 430 in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/ju-rez-gets-ready-pope-showcases-progress-after-violence-n517571 |title=Despite Violence, Juárez Gets Ready for Pope, Showcases Progress |newspaper=NBC News |access-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170224141823/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/latino/ju-rez-gets-ready-pope-showcases-progress-after-violence-n517571/ |archive-date=February 24, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In 2015, there were only 311 homicides.<ref name="Fern"/>

The decrease in crime inspired more business in the city. Some citizens who left because of the violence have since returned with their families.<ref name="Times"/> Many of them had moved their businesses to El Paso.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/06/13/412943447/the-violence-subsides-and-revelers-return-to-juarez |title=The Violence Subsides, And Revelers Return To Juarez |newspaper=NPR.org |access-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115132350/http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/06/13/412943447/the-violence-subsides-and-revelers-return-to-juarez |archive-date=November 15, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref> In addition, U.S. companies are investing more in Juárez.<ref name="auto"/> Community centers work with victims of crime and teach women how to defend themselves. Citizens have also formed neighborhood watch groups and patrol neighborhoods.<ref name="Times"/> "La Fundacion Comunitaria de la Frontera Norte" is giving young people career opportunities and giving people hope.<ref name="Fern"/> [[Technology HUB]] is a startup incubator working to diversify the city's economy and move the regions low-skill manufacturing industry into an innovation cluster.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |url=https://www.marketplace.org/2017/10/20/business/looking-for-tech-innovators-mexicos-ciudad-juarez |title=Looking for tech innovators in Mexico's Ciudad Juarez |access-date=July 30, 2018 |archive-date=November 1, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181101015603/https://www.marketplace.org/2017/10/20/business/looking-for-tech-innovators-mexicos-ciudad-juarez |url-status=live }}</ref> Its economic development projects are in line with the research of University of Berkeley Professor Enrico Moretti. Innovation economies are found to be more adaptive to shifting tech and trade conditions and more resilient to the kind of civil unrest that plagued Ciudad Juarez in the past.<ref>{{cite news |last1=O'Toole |first1=Kathleen |title=Enrico Moretti: The Geography of Jobs |url=https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/enrico-moretti-geography-jobs |access-date=July 30, 2018 |agency=Stanford Graduate School of Business |publisher=Stanford |date=June 10, 2013 |archive-date=August 11, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811200827/https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/insights/enrico-moretti-geography-jobs |url-status=live }}</ref> City officials have said that they have plans to increase tourism in the city.<ref name="auto"/> For example, in April 2015, the city created a new campaign to increase tourism called "Juarez is waiting for you".<ref name="auto"/> That same month, U.S. representative [[Beto O'Rourke]] visited Juárez to give a speech about how much Juárez has changed for the better.<ref name="auto"/> A children's museum was opened in honor of the children who lost their parents during the violent years. Businesses that were closed because of the violence and extortion have reopened in recent years.<ref name="nationalgeographic.com"/> The city's violence was depicted in the 2015 film ''[[Sicario (2015 film)|Sicario]]'', drawing criticism and calls for a boycott from Juárez mayor [[Enrique Serrano Escobar]], who said the film presented a false and negative image of the city. He said the violence the film depicted was accurate through about 2010, and that the city had made progress in restoring peace.<ref name="BBCMundo">{{cite news |url=http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/10/151007_sicario_cine_ciudad_juarez_boicot_an |title=¿Por qué la película "Sicario" enoja tanto a Ciudad Juárez? |last1=Nájar |first1=Alberto |date=October 7, 2015 |access-date=23 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151114193415/http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2015/10/151007_sicario_cine_ciudad_juarez_boicot_an |archive-date=November 14, 2015 |url-status=live |publisher=[[BBC]] |agency=[[BBC News|BBC Mundo]] |language=es |trans-title=Why does the movie "Sicario" anger Ciudad Juárez so much?}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/world/americas/portrayal-of-juarez-in-sicario-vexes-residents-trying-to-move-past-dark-times.html |title=Portrayal of Juárez in 'Sicario' Vexes Residents Trying to Move Past Dark Times |last=Burnett |first=Victoria |date=October 11, 2015 |newspaper=The New York Times |issn=0362-4331 |access-date=October 7, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180613001445/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/12/world/americas/portrayal-of-juarez-in-sicario-vexes-residents-trying-to-move-past-dark-times.html |archive-date=June 13, 2018 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

== Culture ==
=== Notable natives and residents ===
{{div col}}
*[[Juan Acevedo]], professional baseball player<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=aceveju01 |title=Juan Acevedo Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac |access-date=August 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160328152756/http://www.baseball-almanac.com/players/player.php?p=aceveju01 |archive-date=March 28, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*[[Miguel Aceves Mejía]], singer and actor<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/11/07/index.php?section=espectaculos&article=a08n1esp |title=Murió ayer Miguel Aceves Mejía, máximo exponente del falsete - La Jornada |first=La |last=Jornada |access-date=August 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304053911/http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2006/11/07/index.php?section=espectaculos&article=a08n1esp |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*[[Elizabeth Álvarez]], actress
*[[Norma Andrade]], founding member of [[Nuestras Hijas de Regreso a Casa A.C.]]
*[[Antonio Attolini Lack]], architect
*[[The Chamanas]], band
*[[Joaquín Cosío]], actor and director
*[[Abelardo Escobar Prieto]], politician
*[[Fishman (wrestler)|José "Fishman" Nájera]], wrestler
*[[Julio Daniel Frías]], football player
*[[Juan Gabriel]], singer
*[[Eddie Guerrero]], WWE wrestler
*[[Gory Guerrero]], wrestler
*[[Vanessa Guzmán]], [[Nuestra Belleza Mexico 1996]] and actress
*[[Johnny "J"]], rapper and main producer of [[Tupac Shakur]]
*[[Tito Larriva]], musician
*[[Francisco Martínez (basketball)|Francisco Martínez]], basketball player
*[[Karla Martínez (TV presenter)|Karla Martínez]], co-host of [[Despierta America]]
*[[Guadalupe Miranda]], former mayor
*[[Luis Montes]], football player
*[[Kitten Natividad]], former adult film actress
*[[Zudikey Rodriguez]], sprinter
*[[Roberto Serrano]], musician 
*[[Germán Valdés|Germán "Tin-Tán" Valdés]], actor
*[[Manuel Valdes|Manuel "El Loco" Valdes]], comedian
*[[Ramón Valdés|Ramón Valdez]] "Don Ramón", actor
*[[Vanessa Zambotti]], Judoka and former Olympian
{{div col end}}

=== In popular culture ===
*Part of the action of the 2015 film ''[[Sicario (2015 film)|Sicario]]'' is set in Juárez.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Guerrasio |first1=Jason |title=One of the most thrilling scenes from 'Sicario' almost didn't get made |url=http://www.businessinsider.com/sicario-mexico-city-convoy-scene-2015-9 |access-date=November 20, 2015 |website=Business Insider |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170827082233/http://www.businessinsider.com/sicario-mexico-city-convoy-scene-2015-9 |archive-date=August 27, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>
*''The Way She Spoke'' is a play by Isaac Gomez based on his interviews with people affected by the femicide in Juárez, Mexico.<ref>[http://www.playbill.com/article/a-first-look-at-isaac-gomezs-the-way-she-spoke-off-broadway A First Look at Isaac Gomez's The Way She Spoke Off-Broadway], ''Playbill'', July 19, 2019.</ref>
*''Invalid Litter Department,'' a song by El Paso band [[At the Drive-In]], centers on the murders of women in Ciudad Juárez.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wR1MVdDmUA |title=At The Drive-In - "Invalid Litter Dept." |date=October 9, 2007 |via=www.youtube.com |access-date=December 29, 2020 |archive-date=December 23, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201223090120/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wR1MVdDmUA |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://genius.com/1950569 |title=Intravenously polite it was the walkie-talkies / That had knocked the pins down / As their shoes gripped the dirt floor / In the silhouette of dying |website=Genius |language=en |access-date=2020-01-21 |archive-date=March 30, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330082005/https://ads.assemblyexchange.com/doh/ingest?partner=inmobi_ortb&uid=341569f5-7ec1-445c-afa9-2cafe4dee2c5&property_id=genius.com&app_version=web_0.0.1&lib_version=web_2.1.3&partner_uid=ID5-e276vECKYqI0vblQURzsf3w89OZWJrPLaYnBsVOr_Q |url-status=live }}</ref>
*The [[Roberto Bolaño]] book "[[2666]]" documents the femicide epidemic and murders of women in Ciudad Juárez.
*The majority of the events depicted in the 2007 videogame ''[[Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter 2]]'' take place in and around the city. This drew the ire of then Mayor [[Héctor Murguía Lardizábal]], who accused the game's publisher [[Ubisoft]] of "painting a negative picture of his city".<ref>{{Cite web |title=Mexican mayor slams GRAW2 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mexican-mayor-slams-graw2/1100-6167149/ |access-date=2021-01-18 |website=GameSpot |language=en-US |archive-date=January 26, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210126113845/https://www.gamespot.com/articles/mexican-mayor-slams-graw2/1100-6167149/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Economy ==
The El Paso Regional Economic Development Corporation indicated that Ciudad Juárez is the metropolis absorbing "more new industrial real estate space than any other North American city."<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/28/realestate/commercial/28juarez.html 2 Cities and 4 Bridges Where Commerce Flows] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150605114317/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/03/28/realestate/commercial/28juarez.html |date=June 5, 2015 }}, The New York Times, March 28, 2007.</ref>  The Financial Times Group through its publication The Foreign Direct Investment Magazine ranked Ciudad Juárez as the "City of the Future" for 2007–2008.<ref>[http://www.fdimagazine.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1974/North_American_Cities_of_the_Future_2007_08.html fDi Intelligence – Your source for foreign direct investment information – fDiIntelligence.com] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090421201746/http://fdimagazine.com/news/fullstory.php/aid/1974/North_American_Cities_of_the_Future_2007_08.html |date=April 21, 2009 }}. Fdimagazine.com. Retrieved on April 30, 2011.</ref> The El Paso–Juárez area is a major manufacturing center. [[CommScope]], [[Electrolux]], [[Robert Bosch GmbH|Bosch]], [[Foxconn]], [[Flextronics]], [[Lexmark]], [[Delphi Automotive|Delphi]], [[Visteon]], [[Johnson Controls]], [[The Toro Company|Toro]], [[Lear Corporation|Lear]], [[Boeing]], [[Cardinal Health]], [[Yazaki]], [[Sumitomo Electric Industries|Sumitomo]], and [[Siemens]] are some of the foreign companies that have chosen Ciudad Juárez for business operations.<ref>[http://www.industrytoday.com/article_view.asp?ArticleID=F289 The World of Manufacturing] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713030142/http://www.industrytoday.com/article_view.asp?ArticleID=F289 |date=July 13, 2011 }}. Industry Today. Retrieved on April 30, 2011.</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Factory Workers In Juárez Unionize For Higher Pay, Better Working Conditions |work=Fronteras Desk| access-date = December 30, 2016 |url=http://www.fronterasdesk.org/content/10219/factory-workers-ju%C3%A1rez-unionize-higher-pay-better-working-conditions| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161230160843/http://www.fronterasdesk.org/content/10219/factory-workers-ju%C3%A1rez-unionize-higher-pay-better-working-conditions| archive-date = December 30, 2016| url-status = live |df=mdy-all}}</ref>

The Mexican state of Chihuahua is frequently among the top five states in Mexico with the most foreign investment.<ref>Mexico's Maquila Online Directory 2008, Fifth edition, p. 7, Servicio Internacional de Información.</ref> Many foreign retail, banking, and fast-food businesses have locations within Juárez.

In the 1990s, traditional brick kilns made up a big part of the economic informal sector. These were typically located in the poorer regions of Juárez. The kilns used open-air fires, where certain materials that were burned generated a lot of air pollution. Along with rapid industrialization, small brick kilns have been a big contributor to the high amount of air pollution in Ciudad Juárez.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Blackman |first1=A. |last2=Bannister |first2=G. |title=Pollution Control in the Informal Sector: The Ciudad Juarez Brickmakers' Project |journal=Natural Resources Journal |volume=37 |issue=4}}</ref> While the Ciudad Juárez economy has largely been dependent on Maquiladora program, business leaders have undertaken initiatives to upskill and secure the city are larger stake in the global manufacturing economy.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Thompson |first1=Simon |title=Reporter |url=https://www.marketplace.org/2017/10/20/looking-for-tech-innovators-mexicos-ciudad-juarez/ |website=American Public Media: Marketplace morning report |date=October 20, 2017 |publisher=American Public Media |access-date=June 30, 2019 |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701171559/https://www.marketplace.org/2017/10/20/looking-for-tech-innovators-mexicos-ciudad-juarez/ |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Technology Hub]] is a business incubator that works with regionally based companies, on programs in skill development, and the transition into automation and industry 4.0.<ref>{{cite web |title=Technology Hub media |url=https://t-hub.mx/en/industria |website=Technology Hub |access-date=July 1, 2019 |archive-date=June 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623130346/https://t-hub.mx/en/industria |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Media==
===Print Newspapers===
Juárez has four local newspapers: ''El Diario'', ''El Mexicano'', ''El PM'' and ''Hoy''. {{anchor|El Diario de Juárez}}''El Diario de Juárez'',<ref name="diario.mx/nosotros">{{cite news |title=¿Quiénes somos? |url=https://diario.mx/nosotros |access-date=22 September 2022 |work=[[El Diario de Juárez]] |language=es |quote=El Diario de Juárez es un periódico independiente fundado el 17 de febrero de 1976 por Osvaldo Rodríguez Borunda, quien desde entonces ha sido su director general. |archive-date=September 22, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220922214729/https://diario.mx/nosotros |url-status=live }}</ref> is the founder of ''[[El Diario de El Paso]]''. ''El Norte'' was a fifth, but it ceased operations on April 2, 2017, following the murder of journalist [[Miroslava Breach]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2017/04/2/el-periodico-norte-de-ciudad-juarez-cierra-por-inseguridad |title=El periódico Norte de Ciudad Juárez cierra por inseguridad |date=2 April 2017 |website=El Universal |language=es |trans-title=The Norte newspaper of Ciudad Juárez closes due to the lack of security |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205052049/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2017/04/2/el-periodico-norte-de-ciudad-juarez-cierra-por-inseguridad |archive-date=December 5, 2017 |url-status=live |access-date=December 4, 2017 |df=mdy-all}}</ref> the paper explained, the recent killings of several Mexican journalists made the job too dangerous.<ref name="nyt-norteshutdown">{{cite news |title=Mexican Newspaper Shuts Down, Saying It Is Too Dangerous to Continue |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/world/americas/el-norte-closes-mexican-newspaper.html |website=The New York Times |date=April 3, 2017 |access-date=April 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171204222950/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/03/world/americas/el-norte-closes-mexican-newspaper.html?_r=0 |archive-date=December 4, 2017 |url-status=live |df=mdy-all |last1=Mele |first1=Christopher |last2=Garcia |first2=Sandra E.}}</ref>

===Digital Newspapers===
*''Jrznoticias''<ref name="auto1">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jrznoticias.com/ |title=JRZ noticias &#124; Noticias de Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua México y el Mundo. |website=jrznoticias.com |access-date=May 12, 2020 |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728153608/https://www.jrznoticias.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
*''El Diario de Juárez'',<ref name="auto1"/>

==Transportation==
===Public bus system===
The main public transportation system in the city is the public bus system. The public buses run the main streets of Ciudad Juárez throughout the day, costing eight pesos (less than 40 cents) to ride one. Due to the aging current bus fleet being considered potentially outdated, the municipal government is working on replacing the buses with new ones, along with improving the bus stops,  by equipping them with shade.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

The ViveBus [[bus rapid transit]] (BRT) system opened to the public in November 2013 with the first route of five planned. The project was made a reality with the collaboration of the local municipal government, the private enterprise of Integradora de Transporte de Juárez (INTRA) as well as other city government agencies.  Studies have shown that the current bus system averages {{cvt|8|mph|0|disp=flip}} while the new system is projected to average {{cvt|16|mph|0|disp=flip}}.  The BRT system studies conducted by the Instituto Municipal de Investigación Y Planeación project a daily ridership of 40,000. In late March 2024, the system was reopened and rebranded to “Juárez Bus”, with the construction of stations all around the city prior to the reopening.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Juárez Bus, un espejo de los juarenses |url=https://diario.mx/opinion/2024/nov/11/juarez-bus-un-espejo-de-los-juarenses-1040869.html#:~:text=El%2011%20de%20marzo%20de,sido%20hist%C3%B3ricamente%20limitada%20y%20desorganizada. |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=El Diario |language=es-MX}}</ref> This was due to the massive failure that was the ViveBus, only having very partial success in the city of Chihuahua, where the system was based, and seen by locals as a major money waste.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Opacidad, fracaso y negocio del ViveBús |url=https://diario.mx/opinion/2013/aug/31/opacidad-fracaso-y-negocio-del-vivebus-198798.html |access-date=2025-02-25 |website=El Diario |language=es-MX}}</ref> Today, the new bus system operates around 100 BRT-1 Mercedes-Benz buses.

The first of the five routes opened to users in late 2013 and is officially named Presidencia-Tierra Nueva and has 34 stations distributed along the north to south corridor.  The route starts at Avenida Francisco Villa, follows north to Eje Vial Norte-Sur then veers left at Zaragoza Blvd. and ends at Avenida Independencia and the elevated Carretera Federal 2.{{citation needed|date=January 2018}}

===Airport===
The city is served by [[Abraham González International Airport]], with flights to several Mexican cities. It accommodates national and international air traffic for the city. Nearby [[El Paso International Airport]] handles flights to cities within the United States.

===International border crossings===
[[File:Ciudad Juárez, Mexico-00.jpg|thumb|View of El Paso from the Ciudad Juárez side of the border]]

The first bridge to cross the Rio Grande at El Paso del Norte was built in the time of [[New Spain]], over 250 years ago, from wood hauled in from Santa Fe.<ref>Paul Horgan, ''Great River: The Rio Grande in North American History''. Volume 1, Indians and Spain. Vol. 2, Mexico and the United States. 2 Vols. in 1, 1038 pages – Wesleyan University Press 1991, 4th Reprint, {{ISBN|0-8195-6251-3}}</ref>  Today, this bridge is honored by the modern [[Paso del Norte International Bridge|Santa Fe Street Bridge]], and Santa Fe Street in downtown El Paso.

Several bridges serve the El Paso–Ciudad Juárez area in addition to the Paso Del Norte Bridge also known as the Santa Fe Street Bridge, including the [[Bridge of the Americas (El Paso–Ciudad Juárez)|Bridge of the Americas]], [[Stanton Street Bridge]], and the [[Ysleta–Zaragoza International Bridge|Ysleta Bridge also known as the Zaragoza Bridge]].

There is also a land crossing at nearby [[Santa Teresa, New Mexico]], and another one, the [[Fabens–Caseta International Bridge]] located 50&nbsp;km southeast of Juárez.

===Rail===
====Light rail====
[[El Paso City Lines]] operated a streetcar system in Juárez from 1881 until 1974.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.sunmetro.net/about/history |website=www.sunmetro.net |access-date=May 23, 2020 |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728144932/http://www.sunmetro.net/about/history |url-status=live }}</ref>

====Heavy rail====
[[Mexico North Western Railway]]'s subsidiary operation, the [[El Paso and Southwestern Railroad]], extended into the US at [[El Paso, Texas]] but no longer operates passenger rail.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqe08 |title=EL PASO SOUTHERN RAILWAY &#124; The Handbook of Texas Online&#124; Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) |publisher=Tshaonline.org |access-date=2012-07-26 |archive-date=July 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200728150958/https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/eqe08 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:ITESM-JRZ.JPG|thumb|[[Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education]] at Ciudad Juárez]]

According to the latest estimates, the literacy rate in the city is in line with the national average: 97.3% of people above 15 years old are able to read and write.<ref name = "Business Frontier"/>

Juárez has about 20 institutions of higher learning [https://sic.cultura.gob.mx/lista.php?table=universidad&estado_id=8&municipio_id=37 Universidades en Juárez, Chihuahua: 20 : Sistema de Información Cultural-Secretaría de Cultura]. The largest ones are among the following:

1. The ''[[Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Juárez]]'' (ITCJ), founded in 1964, became the first public institution of higher education in the city.

2. The [[Autonomous University of Ciudad Juárez]] (''Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez'', UACJ), founded in 1968, is the largest university in the city. It has several locations inside of the city including the Institute of Biomedical Sciences (''Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas'', ICB), the Institute of Social and Administrative Sciences (''Instituto de Ciencias Sociales y Administrativas'', ICSA), the Institute of Architecture, Design and Art (''Instituto de Arquitectura, Diseño y Arte'', IADA), the Institute of Engineering and Technology (''Instituto de Ingeniería y Tecnología'', IIT) and the University City (''Ciudad Universitaria'', CU) located in the southern part of Ciudad Juárez. The IADA and IIT share the same location appearing to be a single institute where the students from both institutes share facilities as buildings or classrooms with the exception of the laboratories of Engineering and the laboratories of Architecture, Design and Arts. The UACJ also has spaces for Fine Arts and Sports. These latter services are considered among the best because they recluse nearly 30,000 participants in sports such as swimming, racquetball, basketball and gymnastics, and arts such as [[ballet|Classical Ballet]], [[Drama]], [[Modern Dance]], [[Hula|Hawaiian]] and [[Music of Polynesia|Polynesian]] Dances, [[Folk dance]], Music and [[Flamenco]].

3. The Faculty of Political and Social Sciences of the [[Autonomous University of Chihuahua]] (''Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua'', UACH) which has delivered 70% of the city's media and news crew, is located in the city.

4. The local campuses of the [[Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education]] (ITESM) The Monterrey Institute of Technology opened its campus in 1983. It is ranked as "third best" among other campuses of the institution, after the Garza Sada campus in Monterrey and the Santa Fe campus in Mexico City.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}}. Technology Hub Juarez offers after school coding program, Kids 2 Code<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sierra |first1=Mariana |title=Journalist |url=http://borderzine.com/2017/05/el-technology-hub-implementa-tecnologa-e-innovacin-en-cd-juarez/ |website=Borderzine |date=May 4, 2017 |access-date=June 23, 2019 |archive-date=July 1, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701184149/http://borderzine.com/2017/05/el-technology-hub-implementa-tecnologa-e-innovacin-en-cd-juarez/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and is home to Fab Lab Juarez, a facility training people of all ages in the use of 3D printers, laser cutters, CNC routers and prototyping technology.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fab Lab Juarez |url=https://www.fablabs.io/labs/fablabjuarez |website=Fab Lab Juarez |publisher=Fablabs.io |access-date=June 23, 2019 |archive-date=June 23, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190623122740/https://www.fablabs.io/labs/fablabjuarez |url-status=live }}</ref>

5. The campus of the Autonomous University of Durango (UAD)

6. The Universidad Interamericana del Norte [https://universidadinteramericana.edu.mx/ciudad-juarez/ Ciudad Juárez – UIN] {{Webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200924073455/https://universidadinteramericana.edu.mx/ciudad-juarez/ |date=September 24, 2020 }}

7. Universidad Regional del Norte [http://www.urn.edu.mx/ URN | Universidad Regional del Norte]

8. Escuea Superior de Psicologia A.C. URN | Universidad Regional del Norte

9. Universidad Tecnológica del Paso del Norte

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{See also|Timeline of Ciudad Juárez#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Ciudad Juárez}}
*{{cite book |first=Raymond |last=Caballero |title=Lynching Pascual Orozco, Mexican Revolutionary Hero and Paradox |publisher=Create Space |year=2015 |isbn=978-1514382509}}
*{{cite book |last=Hammond |first=John Hays|author-link=John Hays Hammond |year=1935 |title=The Autobiography of John Hays Hammond |url=https://archive.org/details/autobiographyofj0001hamm |url-access=registration |publisher=Farrar & Rinehart |location=New York |isbn=978-0-405-05913-1}}
*{{cite journal |last=Hampton |first=Benjamin B |date=April 1, 1910 |title=The Vast Riches of Alaska |journal=Hampton's Magazine |volume=24 |issue=1}}
*{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|Harris|2009}}|last1=Harris|first1=Charles H. III|last2=Sadler|first2=Louis R.|title=The Secret War in El Paso: Mexican Revolutionary Intrigue, 1906-1920|year=2009|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque, New Mexico|isbn=978-0-8263-4652-0}}
*{{cite book |ref={{sfnRef|Harris|2004}}|last1=Harris|first1=Charles H. III|last2=Sadler|first2=Louis R.|title=The Texas Rangers And The Mexican Revolution: The Bloodiest Decade. 1910–1920|year=2004|publisher=University of New Mexico Press|location=Albuquerque, New Mexico|isbn=0-8263-3483-0 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/texasrangersmexi0000harr}}
*Oscar J. Martínez.  ''Ciudad Juárez: Saga of a Legendary Border City.''  University of Arizona Press, 2018. {{ISBN|978-0-8165-3721-1}}
*{{cite book |last=van Wyk |first=Peter |title=Burnham: King of Scouts |publisher=Trafford Publishing |year=2003 |location=Victoria, B.C., Canada |url=https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1412009014 |isbn=978-1-4120-0901-0}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
*{{wikivoyage-inline|Ciudad Juárez}}
*{{in lang|es}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20141022020002/http://www.juarez.gob.mx/ Official webpage of Juárez]

{{Chihuahua}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ciudad Juarez}}
[[Category:Ciudad Juárez| ]]
[[Category:1659 establishments in New Spain]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1659]]
[[Category:Cities in Mexico]]
[[Category:Populated places in Chihuahua (state)]]
[[Category:Chihuahua (state) populated places on the Rio Grande]]
[[Category:Mexico–United States border crossings]]
[[Category:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro]]