Editing Cisco, Texas

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Cisco, Texas
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = Downtown Cisco Texas.jpg 
| image_caption      = Downtown Cisco (2024)
| nickname           = 
| motto              = City of Progress
| image_map          = TXMap-doton-Cisco.PNG
| mapsize            = 250px
| map_caption        = Location of Cisco, Texas
| image_map1         = Eastland County Cisco.svg
| mapsize1           = 250px
| map_caption1       = 
<!-- Location -->
| coordinates        = {{coord|32|22|44|N|98|58|55|W|region:US-TX|display=inline,title}}
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = United States
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Texas]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Eastland County, Texas|Eastland]]
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = Council-Manager
| leader_title       = Mayor
| leader_name        = 
| leader_title1      = City Manager
| leader_name1       = 
| established_title  = Incorporated (city)
| established_date   = 1921
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 7, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 12.84
| area_total_sq_mi   = 4.96
| area_land_km2      = 12.83
| area_land_sq_mi    = 4.96
| area_water_km2     = 0.01
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.00
<!-- Population -->
| population_total   = 3883
| population_as_of   = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes = 
| pop_est_as_of      = 2024
| pop_est_footnotes  = 
| population_est     = 4029
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = auto
<!-- General information -->
| postal_code_type   = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code        = 76437
| area_code          = [[Area code 254|254]]
| timezone           = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset         = -6
| timezone_DST       = CDT
| utc_offset_DST     = -5
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft       = 1644
| blank_name         = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info         = 48-15004<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref>
| blank1_name        = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info        = 2409463<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2409463}}</ref>
| website            = {{URL|www.cityofcisco.com}}
| footnotes          = 
}}

'''Cisco''' is a city in [[Eastland County, Texas|Eastland County]], [[Texas]], United States. The population was 3,883 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=Cisco%20city,%20Texas |access-date=2024-05-23 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> and 3,899 at the time of the 2010 census.<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4815004| title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Cisco city, Texas| publisher=U.S. Census Bureau| work=American Factfinder| accessdate=March 22, 2016| archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213041623/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4815004| archive-date=February 13, 2020| url-status=dead}}</ref>

==History==
[[File:Gray's New Map of Cisco, Eastland Co., Texas 1885 UTA.jpg|thumb|left|''Gray's New Map of Cisco, Eastland Co., Texas'', 1885]]

Cisco, at the intersection of [[U.S. Highway 183]] and [[Interstate 20]] in northwestern Eastland County, traces its history back to 1878 or 1879, when Rev. C. G. Stevens arrived in the area, established a post office and a church, and called the frontier settlement "Red Gap". About six families were already living nearby, and W. T. Caldwell was running a store a half mile to the west. In 1881, the [[Houston and Texas Central Railway]] crossed the [[Texas and Pacific]], which had come through the year before, at a point near Red Gap, and the settlement's inhabitants moved their town to the crossing. The date the rails crossed, May 17, 1881, is considered by some to be Cisco's "birthday." Three years later, the town was officially recognized and a new post office granted; the town's name was changed to "Cisco" for John J. Cisco, a New York [[financier]] largely responsible for the building of the Houston and Texas Central. <!-- encyclopedic? Ethan Everett once worked on chapter 9 "Magnetic and Solid-State Storage Devices" here. -->

Railroads continued to influence the development of Cisco as the Texas and Pacific acquired lots in the town and sold them to immigrants attracted by brochures touting the town as the "Gate City of the West". Once settlers arrived, agricultural agents employed by the railroad advised them what and when to plant and on occasion provided the seed.

During the 1880s, a Mrs. Haws built and managed the first hotel, and Mrs. J. D. Alexander brought the first "[[millinery]] and fancy goods" to town. Following a practice common at the time, religious groups in Cisco met together for prayer meetings in the schoolhouse until they could build separate churches. By 1892, Cisco was a growing community with two newspapers, a bank, and an economy based on trade, ranching, fruit farming, and the limestone, coal, and iron ore available nearby. A broom factory and roller corn and flour mills were among the town's 56 businesses.

On April 28, 1893, an [[Fujita scale|F4]] tornado struck the center of the business district of Cisco, killing 28 people and destroying or severely damaging every building in town. The city hall, every church and school, and an estimated 500 homes were destroyed.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Grazulis |first1=Thomas P. |title=Significant tornadoes, 1680-1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events |date=1993 |publisher=Environmental Films |location=St. Johnsbury, Vermont |isbn=1-879362-03-1 |page=662}}</ref><ref name="tshaonline.org"/>

[[Conrad Hilton]] started the [[Hilton Hotel]] chain with a single hotel bought in Cisco. Hilton came to Cisco to buy a bank, but the bank cost too much, so he purchased the [[Mobley Hotel]] in 1919. The hotel is now a local museum and community center.<ref>[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fhi39 ''Hilton, Conrad Nicholson'' (Texas State Historical Association)]</ref>

During the 1920s, Cisco, like nearby [[Ranger, Texas|Ranger]], [[Eastland, Texas|Eastland]], and [[Desdemona, Texas|Desdemona]], was a [[petroleum]] [[boomtown]].<ref>[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgc06 ''Cisco, Texas'' in the Handbook of Texas (Texas State Historical Association)]</ref> Although Cisco played a relatively minor role in the Eastland County oil boom of 1919–21, its population grew rapidly at the time, with some estimates as high as 15,000; in the wake of the boom, Cisco adopted a city charter and built a new railroad station that cost $25,000, a value of $310,597.88 in 2015.
<ref name="tshaonline.org">{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hgc06|title = TSHA &#124; Cisco, TX}}</ref>

In 1925, the first annual meeting of the [[West Texas Historical Association]] was held in Cisco. The association, formed in 1924, was then based at [[Hardin–Simmons University]] in [[Abilene, Texas|Abilene]], but moved in 1998 to [[Texas Tech University]] in [[Lubbock, Texas|Lubbock]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/vtw03| title=Ernest Wallace, "West Texas Historical Association"| publisher=tshaonline.org| accessdate=October 10, 2009}}</ref>

The [[Santa Claus Bank Robbery]] occurred in Cisco on December 23, 1927, when Marshall Ratliff and his gang attempted to rob the First National Bank. As of August 2009, the bank site is occupied by an auto parts store, with a [[Texas Historical Commission]] sign commemorating the event.<ref>[https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/jbs02 ''Santa Claus Bank Robbery'' (Texas State Historical Association)]</ref>

On [[Tornado outbreak sequence of May 5–10, 2015|May 9, 2015]], an area just south of the city was hit by a large [[tornado]], destroying several homes, killing one person, and critically injuring one more.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/10/tornadoes-touch-down-in-texas-leaving-homes-destroyed-and-people-missing |title=Tornado leaves one dead as it destroys homes in North Texas |date=May 10, 2015 |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=June 27, 2022}}</ref>

===Largest concrete swimming pool in the world===
Cisco in its early days was plagued with inadequate water supply. In the 1920s, the Williamson Dam was built north of town, resulting in the formation of [[Lake Cisco]]. The dam was named after James Milton Williamson, long-time mayor and survivor of the 1893 tornado. At its base was built what was billed as the largest concrete swimming pool in the world. The complex boasted a two-story building with a skating rink upstairs, a zoo, an amusement park with rides, and a park. [[Bob Wills]] was only one of the celebrities to entertain there. For decades, it was a major attraction for folks from miles around. The hollow dam was at one time open to the public, but this is no longer the case. 
The pool closed in the 1970s and the vacant skating rink burned a few years later.<ref>[[Talk:Cisco, Texas]]</ref>

==Geography==

Cisco is located in northwestern Eastland County. [[Interstate 20]] passes through the south side of the city, leading west {{convert|45|mi}} to [[Abilene, Texas|Abilene]] and east {{convert|105|mi}} to [[Fort Worth, Texas|Fort Worth]]. Access to Cisco is from Exits 330 and 332. [[U.S. Route 183]] passes through the center of Cisco, leading north {{Convert|28|mi}} to [[Breckenridge, Texas|Breckenridge]] and south {{convert|49|mi}} to [[Brownwood, Texas|Brownwood]]. [[Texas State Highway 6]] also passes through the center of town, leading east {{convert|10|mi|0}} to [[Eastland, Texas|Eastland]], the [[county seat]], and northwest {{convert|33|mi}} to [[Albany, Texas|Albany]]. [[Texas State Highway 206]] leaves Cisco to the southwest, leading {{convert|22|mi}} to [[Cross Plains, Texas|Cross Plains]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|12.8|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|8966|sqm|acre|order=flip}}, or 0.07%, is covered by water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
| 1890 = 1063
| 1900 = 1514
| 1910 = 2410
| 1920 = 7422
| 1930 = 6027
| 1940 = 4868
| 1950 = 5230
| 1960 = 4499
| 1970 = 4160
| 1980 = 4517
| 1990 = 3813
| 2000 = 3851
| 2010 = 3899
| 2020 = 3883
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

===2020 census===

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Cisco racial composition'''<ref>{{cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4815004&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=May 21, 2022 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><br> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|2,960
|76.23%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|140
|3.61%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|32
|0.82%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|21
|0.54%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] (NH)
|2
|0.05%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|11
|0.28%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|136
|3.5%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|581
|14.96%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''3,883'''
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 3,883 people, 1,329 households, and 905 families residing in the city.

===2000 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, 3,851 people, 1,491 households, and 970 families resided in the city. The population density was {{convert|794.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The 1,849 housing units averaged 381.3 per square mile (147.2/km{{sup|2}}). The [[Race (United States Census)|racial makeup]] of the city was 90.00% White, 3.87% African American, 0.68% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 4.02% from other races, and 1.22% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 10.00% of the population.

Of the 1,491 households, 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.3% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were not families; 31.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.03.

In the city, the population was distributed as 24.0% under the age of 18, 13.4% from 18 to 24, 21.7% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $24,069, and for a family was $31,833. Males had a median income of $27,222 versus $16,250 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,504. About 13.0% of families and 21.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 30.3% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
Cisco is served by the [[Cisco Independent School District]]. The Cisco High School football team (Loboes) won the 2A Div ll championship game against Refugio High School (Bobcats) at Dallas Cowboys [[AT&T Stadium]] in Arlington on December 19, 2013. The championship was Cisco's first. The mascot for [[Cisco High School (Texas)|Cisco High School]] is the Loboes, proudly misspelled for decades, and their colors are black and gold.

[[Cisco College]], an affordable, two-year college, was established in Cisco in 1940. It is one of two [[community college]]s in Eastland County. The college mascot is the Wranglers, and their school colors are blue and white.

==Notable people==

* [[Dash Crofts|Darrell "Dash" Crofts]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/dash-crofts-mn0000956843|title = Dash Crofts Songs, Albums, Reviews, Bio & More|website = [[AllMusic]]}}</ref> (born August 14, 1938) of the music duo [[Seals and Crofts]]
* [[Jean Porter]] (1922–2018), actress
* [[Leslie Turner]] (1899–1988), American Animator and father of the Gerber Baby
* [[Dan and Farris Wilks]], businessmen in the petroleum industry
* [[Stan Williams (American football)|Stan Williams]], NFL player

==Gallery==
<gallery widths="140px" class="center">
File: Mobley Hotel Cisco Texas.jpg| Conrad Hilton's Mobley Hotel
File: Old Mobley Hotel historical marker, Cisco, TX IMG 6406.JPG|Mobley Hotel historical marker
File: Another look at downtown Cisco, TX IMG 6412.JPG| Downtown Cisco
File: First Baptist Church Cisco 2024.jpg| First Baptist Church
File:Cisco Texas Water tower.png|Municipal water tower
File:Kean House Cisco Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Kean House
File:Laguna Hotel Cisco Wiki.jpg|Laguna Hotel
File:Blivins Hall in Cisco College Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Blivins Hall
File:S&M Supply Company Building Cisco Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|S&M Supply Company Building 
File:Telephone Building Cisco.jpg|Telephone Building
File:Downtown Cisco Texas 2024.jpg|Downtown Cisco
File:United States Post Office Cisco 2024.jpg|United States Post Office
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{notelist}}

==External links==
{{Portal|Texas}}
* [http://www.cityofcisco.com/ City of Cisco official website]

{{Eastland County, Texas}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cisco, Texas| ]]
[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Eastland County, Texas]]