Editing Christian X

{{Short description|King of Denmark (1912–1947) and Iceland (1918–1944)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Christian X
| image        = Christian X of Denmark circa 1915.jpg
| alt          = Portrait photograph of Christian X
| caption      = Official portrait, {{circa|1915}}
| succession   = [[King of Denmark]]
| moretext     = ([[Style of the Danish sovereign|more...]])
| reign        = 14 May 1912&nbsp;– {{nowrap|20 April 1947}}
| predecessor  = [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederik VIII]]
| successor    = [[Frederik IX]]
| succession1  = [[King of Iceland]]
| reign1       = 1 December 1918&nbsp;– {{nowrap|17 June 1944}}
| predecessor1  = ''[[Danish–Icelandic Act of Union|Title created]]''
| successor1    = ''Monarchy abolished ([[Sveinn Björnsson]] as [[President of Iceland|President]])''
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|df=yes|1870|9|26}}
| birth_place  = [[Charlottenlund Palace]], Copenhagen, Denmark
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1947|4|20|1870|9|26}}
| death_place  = [[Amalienborg|Amalienborg Palace]], Copenhagen, Denmark
| burial_place = [[Roskilde Cathedral]], [[Roskilde]], Denmark
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]|26 April 1898}}
| issue        = {{plainlist|
*[[Frederik IX|Frederik IX of Denmark]]
*[[Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark]]}}
| full name    = Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm
| house        = [[House of Glücksburg|Glücksburg]]
| father       = [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
| mother       = [[Louise of Sweden]]
| religion     = [[Church of Denmark]]
| signature    = Christian X signature.svg
}}

'''Christian X''' ({{langx|da|Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm}}; 26 September 1870&nbsp;– 20 April 1947) was [[King of Denmark]] from 1912 until his death in 1947, and the only [[King of Iceland]] as '''Kristján X''', holding the title as a result of the [[personal union]] between Denmark and independent Iceland between 1918 and 1944.

He was a member of the [[House of Glücksburg]], a branch of the [[House of Oldenburg]], and the first monarch since King [[Frederick VII of Denmark|Frederick VII]] born into the [[Danish royal family]]; both his father and his grandfather were born as princes of a ducal family from [[Duchy of Schleswig|Schleswig]]. Among his siblings was King [[Haakon VII of Norway]]. His son became [[Frederick IX of Denmark]]. Among his cousins were [[George V|King George V of the United Kingdom]], [[Nicholas II of Russia|Emperor Nicholas II of Russia]], and [[Constantine I of Greece|King Constantine I of Greece]], while [[Maud of Wales|Queen Maud of Norway]], was both his cousin and sister-in-law.

His character has been described as authoritarian and he strongly stressed the importance of royal dignity and power. His reluctance to fully embrace democracy resulted in the [[Easter Crisis of 1920]], in which he dismissed the democratically elected [[Zahle II Cabinet|Social Liberal cabinet]] with which he disagreed, and installed one of his own choosing. This was in accordance with the letter of the constitution, but the principle of [[parliamentarianism]] had been considered a constitutional custom since 1901. Faced with mass demonstrations, a general strike organized by the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]] and the risk of the monarchy being overthrown he was forced to accept that a monarch could not keep a government in office against the will of parliament, as well as his reduced role as a symbolic [[head of state]].

During the [[German occupation of Denmark]], Christian became a popular symbol of resistance, particularly because of the symbolic value of the fact that he rode every day through the streets of Copenhagen unaccompanied by guards. With a reign spanning two world wars, and his role as a rallying symbol for Danish national sentiment during the German occupation, he became one of the most popular Danish monarchs of modern times. In [[Kingdom of Iceland|Iceland]] however, the [[Denmark in World War II|Danish government's capitulation]] to the [[Nazi Germany|Germans]] was seen as an abandonment of the agreed [[Military alliance|defensive relationship]] that the [[Monarchy of Denmark|Danish crown]] was to hold over the island. As [[head of state]], Christian became deeply unpopular in Iceland, contributing to country's [[1944 Icelandic constitutional referendum|redesignation as the modern Republic of Iceland]].<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20050201012749/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,763855,00.html "Iceland: Nobody's Baby"]. Time. 22 April 1940. Archived from [http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,763855,00.html the original] on 1 February 2005.</ref>

==Early life==
===Birth===
[[File:Louise of Sweden, Crown Princess of Denmark with her eldest child.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Crown Princess Louise with her eldest child, early 1870s]]
Christian was born on 26 September 1870 at his parents' country residence, the [[Charlottenlund Palace]], located on the shores of the [[Øresund Strait]] 10 kilometers north of [[Copenhagen]] on the island of [[Zealand]] in Denmark, during the reign of his paternal grandfather, [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX]].{{sfn|Thorsøe|1889|p=529}} He was the first child of [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Crown Prince Frederick of Denmark]] and his wife [[Louise of Sweden]].<ref name="Burke's Royal Families">{{cite book|editor1-last=Montgomery-Massingberd|editor1-first=Hugh|editor1-link=Hugh Massingberd|title=Burke's Royal Families of the World|volume=1|location=London, UK|publisher=[[Burke's Peerage]] Ltd|year=1977|page=71}}</ref> His father was the eldest son of [[Christian IX of Denmark|King Christian IX of Denmark]] and [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel]], and his mother was the only daughter of [[Charles XV of Sweden|King Charles XV of Sweden and Norway]] and [[Louise of the Netherlands]]. The Danish author [[Hans Christian Andersen]] wrote the next day in his diary: "The night before 12 a Prince was born by the Crown Princess, the whole city flagged today in the beautiful weather."<ref name=hca>{{cite web|url=http://base.kb.dk/hca_pub/cv/main/Page.xsql?nnoc=hca_pub&p_VolNo=8&p_PageNo=416&p_mode=facsimile|title=H.C. Andersens dagbøger|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060930004640/http://base.kb.dk/hca_pub/cv/main/Page.xsql?nnoc=hca_pub&p_VolNo=8&p_PageNo=416&p_mode=facsimile|date=30 September 2006|publisher=The [[Royal Library, Denmark]]|archive-date=30 September 2006|language=da}}</ref> He was baptised with the names ''Christian Carl Frederik Albert Alexander Vilhelm'' in the [[Christiansborg Palace Chapel|chapel]] of [[Christiansborg Palace]] on 31 October 1870 by the [[Diocese of Zealand|Bishop of Zealand]], [[Hans Lassen Martensen]].<ref>{{Cite book|title=Allerh. approb. Program for høitidelige Daabshandling i Christiansborg Slotskirke d. 31. Oct 1870.|location=Copenhagen|date=1870|language=da}}</ref> The [[royal christening gown (Denmark)|royal christening gown]], which has been used for the baptism of almost all royal children in Denmark ever since, was used for the first time at his christening. This gown is made of [[Brussels lace]], and was bought by [[Louise of Sweden|Crown Princess Louise]] in [[Belgium]] for her eldest son's christening.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/en/royal-collections/baptismal-font-basin-and-gowns/|title=Baptismal font, basins and gowns|author=<!--Not stated-->|publisher=[[Monarchy of Denmark]]|website=kongehuset.dk|accessdate=26 February 2024}}</ref>

[[File:Prince Christian with his little brother Carl.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Prince Christian with his younger brother, the then [[Haakon VII of Norway|Prince Carl]] in 1887]]
Prince Christian was raised with his siblings in the royal household in Copenhagen, and grew up between his parents' residence in [[Copenhagen]], the [[Frederick VIII's Palace]], an 18th century [[palace]] which forms part of the [[Amalienborg|Amalienborg Palace]] complex in central [[Copenhagen]], and their country residence, the [[Charlottenlund Palace]], located by the coastline of the [[Øresund]] [[strait]] north of the city. As a grandchild of the reigning [[Danish monarch]] in the male line and the eldest son of the Crown Prince, he was second in line to the throne, after his father. In contrast to the usual practise of the period, where royal children were brought up by [[governess]]es, the children were raised by Crown Princess Louise herself. Under the supervision of their mother, the children of the Crown Princess received a rather strict Christian-dominated upbringing, which was characterized by severity, the fulfillment of duties, care and order.{{sfn|Bramsen|1992|p=274}} Prince Christian was less than two years older than his brother Prince Carl, and the two princes had a joint [[confirmation]] at the chapel of [[Christiansborg Palace]] in 1887.{{sfn|Thorsøe|1889|p=529}} The two princes were educated at home by private [[tutor]]s. In 1889 Prince Christian passed the [[examen artium]] (the university [[Matriculation examination|entrance examination]] in Denmark) in 1889 as the first member of the [[Danish royal family]].{{sfn|Thorsøe|1889|p=529}} Afterwards he started a military education as was customary for princes at that time. He subsequently served with the 5th Dragoon Regiment and later studied at the Officers Academy in Randers from 1891 to 1892.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Jensen|first1=Tina Knudsen|title=Thorsgade Kaserne|url=http://www.kulturarv.dk/1001fortaellinger/da_DK/thorsgade-kaserne/stories/prinsen-og-randers|access-date=21 March 2016|language=da}}</ref>

===Marriage===
[[Image:Christian and Alexandrine H.jpg|thumb|upright|Prince Christian and [[Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Princess Alexandrine]] with their son [[Frederik IX of Denmark|Frederik]] in 1900|left]]

As a young man, Prince Christian fell in love with the French [[Princess Marguerite d'Orléans|Princess Marguerite of Orléans]], who was the younger sister of his uncle [[Prince Valdemar of Denmark|Prince Valdemar]]'s wife [[Princess Marie of Orléans (1865–1909)|Princess Marie of Orléans]]. The feelings, however, were not reciprocated, and after a few years of unhappy infatuation, she married in 1896 [[Marie Armand Patrice de Mac Mahon]], 2nd Duke of Magenta, son of the French [[Marshal]] and [[President of France|President]] [[Patrice de MacMahon]].{{sfn|Jespersen|2007|p=71-76}}

During a stay in [[Cannes]] in March 1897, Christian met and fell in love with [[Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin|Duchess Alexandrine of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]; she was a daughter of [[Frederick Francis III, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]], and [[Grand Duchess Anastasia Mikhailovna of Russia]]. They were engaged in [[Schwerin]] on 24 March 1897 and married in Cannes on 26 April 1898. She eventually became his [[queen consort]]. They had two sons:

* Prince Frederik (1899–1972), later King [[Frederick IX of Denmark]]
* Prince Knud (1900–1976), later [[Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark]]

The couple were given Christian VIII's Palace at [[Amalienborg|Amalienborg Palace]] in Copenhagen as their residence and [[Sorgenfri Palace]] north of Copenhagen as a summer residence. Furthermore, the couple received [[Marselisborg Palace]] in [[Aarhus]] as a wedding present from the people of Denmark in 1898. In 1914, the King also built the [[villa]] [[Klitgården]] in [[Skagen]].

===Crown Prince===
On 29 January 1906, King Christian IX died, and Christian's father ascended the throne as King Frederick VIII. Christian himself became crown prince.
{{clear}}

== Reign ==
===Accession===
[[File:King Christian X talking to the people on his accession 1912.jpg|thumb|Christian X addressing the people at his Accession to the throne in 1912.|alt=]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00617A, Kaiser Wilhelm II. und Christian X..jpg|thumb|King Christian and the [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor|German Emperor]] during a visit to [[Berlin]] in 1913|alt=]]

On 14 May 1912, [[Frederick VIII of Denmark|King Frederick VIII]] died at the age of 68 after collapsing from shortness of breath while taking an evening walk in [[Hamburg]], Germany. He had been returning from a recuperation stay in [[Nice]], France, and was staying anonymously in the city before continuing to [[Copenhagen]]. Christian was in [[Copenhagen]] when he heard about his father's demise and succeeded to the throne at the age of 41. He was [[Coronation of the Danish monarch#Proclamations of the constitutional monarchy|proclaimed king]] from the balcony of [[Christian VII's Palace]] at [[Amalienborg]] by the [[Prime Minister (Denmark)|Prime Minister]] [[Klaus Berntsen]] as King Christian X.

===World War I===
[[File:Meeting of Scandinavian kings 2.jpeg|thumb|Christian X of Denmark, [[Gustav V of Sweden]] and [[Haakon VII of Norway]] at the meeting of the three Scandinavian kings in [[Malmö]] in December 1914.]]

At the start of the [[First World War]] in 1914, King Christian and the [[Government of Denmark|Danish government]] advocated that Denmark pursue a [[Neutral country|policy of neutrality]]. The King supported the policy of neutrality by participating in the so-called meeting of the Three Kings held on 18 December 1914 in [[Malmö]] in [[Sweden]]. There, the three Scandinavian monarchs King Christian X of Denmark, King Haakon VII of Norway (Christian's brother) and King [[Gustav V of Sweden]] (Christian's mother's cousin) met along with their foreign ministers to discuss and emphasize the neutrality of the Nordic countries, and in a joint declaration, confirmed the three states' strict neutrality during the war.<ref>{{cite web|first=Sara|last=Griberg|title=Trekongemødet i Malmø|url=http://altomhistorie.dk/artikler/trekongemoedet-i-malmoe|website=altomhistorie.dk|date=12 November 2014|access-date=2 April 2017|language=da}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|first=Jacob|last=Wiberg|url=http://www.popularhistoria.se/artiklar/trekungamotet-i-malmo-1914/|title=Trekungamötet i Malmö 1914|journal=Populär Historia|issue=12|year=2008|language=sv}}</ref> The meeting in 1914 was followed by another three-kings meeting in Kristiania in November 1917.

Denmark in fact managed to maintain its neutrality during the war. However, the Danish government bowed to pressure from [[German Empire|Germany]], and had [[naval mine]]s laid in Danish waters with tacit [[British Empire|British]] acceptance, despite the fact that Denmark was obliged under [[international law]] to [[Freedom of navigation|keep its territorial waters open]].<ref name="byhistorie">{{cite web|last1=Baltzersen|first1=Jan|title=Denmark and Southern Jutland during the First World War|url=http://ddb.byhistorie.dk/monumenter/artikel.aspx?xid=denmark_and_southern_jutland|website=ddb.byhistorie.dk|accessdate=4 November 2020}}</ref>

In 1915, the [[Constitution of Denmark]] was changed to introduce [[universal suffrage]], and [[Women's suffrage|women were given the right to vote]] along with [[domestic servant]]s. Although the king was reluctant to the constitutional changes, the [[Danish Women's Society]] organized a procession with approximately 20,000 participants who went to Amalienborg to thank the king. In his address to the procession, the king stated, among other things: <blockquote>In one place, women cannot be dispensed with, and that is in the homes. Here, the influence of women cannot be replaced, because through the child's love for the home, the one for our common home, Denmark, is awakened.{{sfn|Jespersen|2007|p=235-236}}</blockquote>

===Easter Crisis of 1920===
{{Main|Easter Crisis of 1920}}

In April 1920, Christian instigated the Easter Crisis, perhaps the most decisive event in the evolution of the Danish monarchy in the twentieth century. The immediate cause was a conflict between the King and the cabinet over the reunification with Denmark of [[Schleswig]], a former Danish [[fiefdom]], which had been lost to [[Prussia]] during the [[Second War of Schleswig]]. Danish claims to the region persisted to the end of [[World War I]], at which time the defeat of the Germans made it possible to resolve the dispute. According to the terms of the [[Treaty of Versailles]], the disposition of Schleswig was to be determined by two [[plebiscite]]s: one in Northern Schleswig (Denmark's [[South Jutland County]] 1971–2006), the other in Central Schleswig (today part of the German state of [[Schleswig-Holstein]]). No plebiscite was planned for Southern Schleswig, as it was dominated by an ethnic German majority and, in accordance with prevailing sentiment of the times, remained part of the post-war German state.

In Northern Schleswig, seventy-five percent voted for reunification with Denmark and twenty-five percent for remaining with Germany. In this vote, the entire region was considered to be an indivisible unit, and the entire region was awarded to Denmark. In Central Schleswig, the situation was reversed with eighty percent voting for Germany and twenty percent for Denmark. In this vote, each municipality decided its own future, and German majorities prevailed everywhere. In light of these results, the government of Prime Minister [[Carl Theodor Zahle]] determined that reunification with Northern Schleswig could go forward, while Central Schleswig would remain under German control.

Many Danish nationalists felt that at least the city of [[Flensburg]], in Central Schleswig, should be returned to Denmark regardless of the plebiscite's results, due to the sizeable Danish minority there and a general desire to see Germany permanently weakened in the future. Christian X agreed with these sentiments, and ordered Prime Minister Zahle to include Flensburg in the re-unification process. As Denmark had been operating as a [[parliamentary democracy]] since the [[Cabinet of Deuntzer]] in 1901, Zahle felt he was under no obligation to comply. He refused the order and resigned several days later after a heated exchange with the King.

[[File:Before Danish Royal Palace, 1920 LCCN2014710621.tif|thumb|Demonstrations against the king at [[Amalienborg Square, Copenhagen|Amalienborg Square]] in 1920]]

Subsequently, Christian X dismissed the rest of the [[Zahle II Cabinet|cabinet]] and replaced it with a ''de facto'' conservative [[Liebe Cabinet|caretaker cabinet]]. The dismissal caused demonstrations and an almost revolutionary atmosphere in Denmark, and for several days the future of the monarchy seemed very much in doubt. In light of this, negotiations were opened between the King and members of the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats]]. Faced with the potential overthrow of the Danish Crown, Christian X stood down and dismissed his own government, installing a [[Friis Cabinet|compromise cabinet]] until elections could be held later that year.

To date, this is the last time a reigning Danish monarch has attempted to take political action without the full support of parliament. Following the crisis, Christian X bowed fully to his drastically reduced status, and spent the last quarter-century of his rule as a model constitutional monarch.

===World War II===
[[File:Christian X.jpg|thumb|upright|During the German [[Denmark in World War II|occupation of Denmark]], the King's daily ride through Copenhagen became a symbol of Danish sovereignty. This picture was taken on his birthday in 1940|left]]

On 9 April 1940 at 4&nbsp;am Nazi Germany [[German invasion of Denmark (1940)|invaded Denmark in a surprise attack]], overwhelming Denmark's Army and Navy and destroying the Danish Army Air Corps. Christian X quickly realized that Denmark was in an impossible position. Its territory and population were far too small to hold out against Germany for any sustained period of time. Its flat land would have resulted in it being easily overrun by German [[panzer]]s; [[Jutland]], for instance, would have been overrun in short order by a panzer attack from [[Schleswig-Holstein]] immediately to the south. Unlike its Nordic neighbours, Denmark had no mountain ranges from which a drawn-out resistance could be mounted against the German army.<ref name="RiseFall">William Shirer, ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich'' (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1990), p. 663.</ref> With no prospect of being able to hold out for any length of time, and faced with the explicit threat of the [[Luftwaffe]] bombing the civilian population of [[Copenhagen]], and with only one general in favour of continuing to fight, Christian X and the entire Danish government capitulated at about 6&nbsp;am,<ref>[[Peter Rochegune Munch]]: Erindringer 7, p. 29.</ref> in exchange for retaining political independence in domestic matters,<ref>[http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/9april/9april.html The German occupation of Denmark] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015025325/http://www.milhist.dk/besattelsen/9april/9april.html|date=15 October 2013}}</ref> beginning the [[Denmark in World War II|occupation of Denmark]], which lasted until 5 May 1945.

In contrast to his brother, [[Haakon VII of Norway|King Haakon VII of Norway]], and [[Wilhelmina of the Netherlands|Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands]], [[George II of the Hellenes|King George II of the Hellenes]], [[Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg|Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg]], [[Peter II of Yugoslavia|King Peter II of Yugoslavia]], [[Edvard Beneš|President Edvard Beneš of Czechoslovakia]] and [[Władysław Raczkiewicz|President Władysław Raczkiewicz of Poland]], all of whom went into exile during the Nazi occupation of their countries, Christian X (like [[Leopold III of the Belgians|King Leopold III of the Belgians]], unlike [[Albert Lebrun|President Albert Lebrun of France]] who was deposed) remained in his capital throughout the [[occupation of Denmark]], being to the Danish people a visible symbol of the national cause (Haakon escaped the German advance after [[Haakon VII of Norway#Resistance during World War II|refusing to accept a Nazi-friendly puppet regime]].)

[[File:Kongemærker.jpg|thumb|Two versions of the King's Emblem Pin (''Kongemærket''), showing Christian's CX [[royal cypher|cypher]]; a popular symbol of patriotism during the war|alt=]]

Until the [[Occupation of Denmark#Increasing resistance after the August 1943 crisis|imposition of martial law]] by Germany in August 1943, Christian's official speeches reflected the government's official policy of cooperation with the occupying forces, but this did not prevent his being seen by the Danish people as a man of "mental resistance." During the first two years of the German occupation, despite his age and the precarious situation, he took a daily ride on his horse, Jubilee, through Copenhagen, unaccompanied by a groom, let alone a guard. A popular way for Danes to display patriotism and silent resistance to the German occupation was wearing a small square button with the Danish flag and the crowned insignia of the king.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kongehuset.dk/menu/nyheder/historien-bag-konge-emblemet|title=The History Behind the King's Emblem|author1=Danish Royal Family|date=27 November 2012|website=Kongehuset.dk/|publisher=The Danish Royal Family|language=da|access-date=5 February 2017|archive-date=9 April 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409024259/https://www.kongehuset.dk/menu/nyheder/historien-bag-konge-emblemet|url-status=dead}}</ref> This symbol was called the ''Kongemærket'' (''King's Emblem pin''). In addition, he helped finance [[Rescue of the Danish Jews|the transport of Danish Jews to unoccupied Sweden]], where they would be safe from Nazi persecution.<ref>[http://www.b.dk/kultur/christian-x-gav-penge-til-joedetransporter Christian X gav penge til jødetransporter – Kultur| www.b.dk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

In 1942, [[Adolf Hitler]] sent Christian a long telegram congratulating him on his seventy-second birthday. The king's reply telegram was a mere, ''Spreche Meinen besten Dank aus. Chr. Rex'' (''Giving my best thanks, King Christian''). This perceived slight, known as the [[Telegram Crisis]], greatly outraged Hitler and he immediately recalled his ambassador from Copenhagen and expelled the Danish ambassador from Germany. German pressure then resulted in the dismissal of the government led by [[Vilhelm Buhl]] and its replacement with a new cabinet led by non-party member and veteran diplomat [[Erik Scavenius]], whom the Germans expected to be more cooperative. (In any event, whatever independence Denmark had been able to maintain during the first years of the occupation ended abruptly with the German ''Putsch'' in August 1943.) After a fall with his horse on 19 October 1942, Christian was more or less an invalid for the rest of his reign.<ref>{{cite web|url-status=dead|url=http://www.faktalink.dk/publish.php?linknavn=besahele|website=FaktaLink|title=2005 – Besættelsen – Kilder<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610015309/http://www.faktalink.dk/publish.php?linknavn=besahele|archive-date=10 June 2007}}</ref> The role he played in creating the [[Easter Crisis of 1920]] had greatly reduced his popularity, but his daily rides, the Telegram Crisis, and the admiring stories spread by [[Danish-American]] circles once again made him popular to the point of being a beloved national symbol.

===Reign over Iceland===
[[File:Royal Standard of Iceland (1921-1944).svg|thumb|Royal Standard of Kristján X as King of Iceland]]
The accession of a new [[Danish–Icelandic Act of Union]] in late 1918 redefined [[Iceland]], a longtime part of the [[Danish realm]], as a sovereign state in a [[personal union]] with the Kingdom of Denmark. This made Christian the king of the mostly autonomous [[Kingdom of Iceland]] in addition to being King of Denmark. Christian (whose name in Iceland was officially ''Kristján X'') was the first and only monarch to ever reign over Iceland as a sovereign kingdom as opposed to ruling it as a province of a larger kingdom. In 1941, after the German occupation of Denmark and the [[Occupation of Iceland|Allied occupation of Iceland]], the Icelandic government concluded that Christian was unable to perform his duties as head of state of Iceland, and thus appointed [[Sveinn Björnsson]] as [[regent]] to act as provisional head of state. Sveinn had previously been Iceland's ambassador in Copenhagen.

In 1944, while Denmark was still under German occupation, Icelanders voted in a plebiscite to sever all ties with the King of Denmark and to found a republic. Thus, Christian's title as King of Iceland became null and void and Sveinn Björnsson was elected the first [[President of Iceland]] by the [[Althing|Icelandic parliament]]. Christian, who believed that Sveinn had given him assurances that Iceland would not make further moves toward independence while the occupation was ongoing, felt quite badly betrayed. However, at the urging of his relative, the King of Sweden, Christian still accepted the outcome and sent a message of congratulations to Iceland during the celebration of the founding of the Republic on 17 June 1944. The reading of the King's letter provoked cheers at [[Þingvellir]] during the celebration. Despite this implicit acceptance of Iceland's independence, Christian never actually stopped using the title "King of Iceland", and continued including it in his regnal name until his death in 1947.

===Death===
Christian X died at the [[Amalienborg Palace]] in Copenhagen, on 20 April 1947, at the age of 76. Christian X was [[interred]] along with other members of the Danish royal family in [[Roskilde Cathedral]] near Copenhagen. A cloth armband of the type worn by members of the [[Danish resistance movement]] was placed on his coffin under a [[castrum doloris]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.diis.dk/graphics/CVer/Personlige_CVer/Holocaust_and_Genocide/Publikationer/holocaust_DK_kap_5.pdf|title=The King and the Star - Myths created during the Occupation of Denmark|author1=Vilhjálmur Örn Vilhjálmsson|access-date=5 April 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716022617/http://www.diis.dk/graphics/CVer/Personlige_CVer/Holocaust_and_Genocide/Publikationer/holocaust_DK_kap_5.pdf|archive-date=16 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Christian X |url=http://kongehuset.dk/publish.php?dogtag=k_en_his_chrx |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125000024/http://kongehuset.dk/publish.php?dogtag=k_en_his_chrx |archive-date=25 November 2010 |access-date=25 November 2010 |website=The Danish Monarchy}}</ref>

==Legends==
On 22 November 1942, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' published a photograph of Christian X, facetiously calling him a victim of [[Hitler]], and stated that the nation of this monarch did not oppose German occupation with arms.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vilhjálmsson |first1=Vilhjálmur Örn |year=2003 |chapter=The King and the Star: Myths Created During the Occupation of Denmark |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/2515186 |chapter-url-access=registration |editor1-last=Bastholm Jensen |editor1-first=Mette |editor2-last=Jensen |editor2-first=Steven L. B. |title=Denmark and the Holocaust |url=https://archive.org/details/denmarkholocaust0000unse/mode/2up |url-access=registration |location=Copenhagen |publisher=Institute for International Studies (Diis), Department for Holocaust and Genocide Studies |page=[https://archive.org/details/denmarkholocaust0000unse/page/106/mode/2up 107] |isbn=9788798930518 |oclc=77569590 |access-date=5 February 2017}}</ref> It then became important for [[Danish American]]s to prove the contrary, and a number of stories were invented in the turmoil of the war. The most successful of these was the legend of the King wearing the [[Yellow badge|yellow star]] to support the Jews.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141028023851/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10008043 "King Christian X of Denmark"].  [[Holocaust Encyclopedia]]. [[United States Holocaust Memorial Museum]].</ref>{{Failed verification|date=December 2024}}

King Christian used to ride daily through the streets of Copenhagen unaccompanied while the people stood and waved to him. One apocryphal story relates that one day, a German soldier remarked to a young boy that he found it odd that the King would ride with no bodyguard. The boy reportedly replied, "All of Denmark is his bodyguard." This story was recounted in [[Nathaniel Benchley]]'s bestselling book ''Bright Candles'' as well as in [[Lois Lowry]]'s book ''[[Number the Stars]]''. The contemporary patriotic song "Der rider en Konge"<!--contemporary Danish spelling--> ("There Rides a King") centers on the King's rides. In this song, the narrator replies to a foreigner's inquiry about the King's lack of a guard that "he is our freest man" and that the King is not shielded by physical force but that "hearts guard the king of Denmark."<ref>"Der rider en Konge". Lyrics by Hans Hartvig Seedorff Pedersen. Published e.g. in Emilius Bangert et al., "Dansk Alsang-Bog", Copenhagen: Egmont H. Peterens Forlag, 1941.</ref>

Another popular, but apocryphal, legend carried by the American press<ref>{{cite news |last=Creel |first=George |date=21 April 1945 |title=The Heroes V. |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-page12480596 |newspaper=[[The Australasian]] |location=Melbourne, Victoria |page=12|access-date=8 April 2024 |via=[[National Library of Australia]]|language=en}}</ref> concerned the supposed flying of the German flag over the [[Hotel d'Angleterre]] (then being used as the German military headquarters in Copenhagen). The King, riding by and seeing the flag, told a German sentry that it was a violation of the armistice agreement and that the flag must be taken down. The sentry replied that this would not be done. The King then said that if the flag was not taken down, he would send a Danish soldier to take it down. The sentry responded, "The soldier will be shot." The King replied, "the Danish soldier will be me." According to the story, the flag was taken down.

King Christian X became the hero of a number of myths about his defense of the Danish Jews. He became the subject of a persistent [[urban legend]] according to which, during [[Nazi]] occupation, Nazis forced the Jews to wear the [[Yellow badge|Star of David]] and the king donned the Star of David himself as a symbol of solidarity with them. However, in Denmark, unlike other Nazi-controlled territories, Jews were never forced to wear the Star of David. The legend likely stems from a 1942 British report that claimed he threatened to don the star if this was forced upon Danish Jews, and was popularised when it was included in [[Leon Uris]]'s best-selling novel ''[[Exodus (Uris novel)|Exodus]]''.<ref>[http://www.b.dk/nationalt/islandsk-forsker-christian-x-red-aldrig-med-joede-armbind Islandsk forsker: Christian X red aldrig med jøde-armbind – Nationalt| www.b.dk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

It is true, however, that the King intended to wear the star in case the Danish Jews were forced to do so. In his personal diary, he wrote this entry: "When you look at the inhumane treatment of Jews, not only in Germany but occupied countries as well, you start worrying that such a demand might also be put on us, but we must clearly refuse such this due to their protection under the Danish constitution. I stated that I could not meet such a demand towards Danish citizens. If such a demand is made, we would best meet it by all wearing the Star of David."<ref>[http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE2084741/christian-x-var-parat-til-at-lade-alle-baere-joedestjerne/ Christian X var parat til at lade alle bære jødestjerne – Politiken.dk<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

The myth may originate from a Swedish newspaper cartoon, in which the King is asked what to do if Nazi-supported prime minister [[Erik Scavenius]] makes the Jews wear yellow stars. The King replied that in that case, all Danes would have to wear such stars.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mikkelson |first=David |date=5 July 2000 |title=The King of Denmark Wore a Yellow Star|url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/a-star-is-borne/ |publisher=[[Snopes]] |access-date=13 November 2020}}</ref>

==Titles, styles and honours==
===Titles and styles===
[[File:Royal Monogram of King Christian X of Denmark.svg|thumb|100px|Royal Monogram of King Christian X of Denmark]]

* 26 September 1870&nbsp;– 29 January 1906: ''His Royal Highness'' Prince Christian of Denmark<ref>{{cite web|title=The London Gazette, Issue 26765, Page 4501|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/26765/page/4501|date=6 August 1896}}</ref>
* 29 January 1906&nbsp;– 14 May 1912: ''His Royal Highness'' The Crown Prince of Denmark<ref>{{cite web|title=The London Gazette, Supplement 28535, Page 7085|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28535/supplement/7085|date=26 September 1911}}</ref> 
* 14 May 1912&nbsp;– 1 December 1918: ''His Majesty'' The King of Denmark<ref>{{cite web|title=The London Gazette, Issue 28622, Page 4663|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/28622/page/4663|date=28 June 1912}}</ref>
* 1 December 1918&nbsp;– 17 June 1944: ''His Majesty'' The King of Denmark and Iceland<ref>{{cite web|title=The London Gazette, Issue 34540, Page 5114|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/34540/page/5114|date=9 August 1938}}</ref>
* 17 June 1944&nbsp;– 20 April 1947: ''His Majesty'' The King of Denmark<ref>{{cite web|title=The London Gazette, Supplement 37909, Page 1314|url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/37909/supplement/1314|date=18 March 1947}}</ref>

===Honours===
[[King Christian X Land]] in Greenland is named after him.

;Danish and Icelandic honours<ref name="DanskStatskalender">{{cite book|year=1912|orig-year=1st pub.:1801|editor1-last=Bille-Hansen|editor1-first=A. C.|editor2-last=Holck|editor2-first=Harald|title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1912|trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1912|url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918019.pdf|series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender|language=da|location=Copenhagen|publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri|page=4|access-date=16 September 2019|via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
* [[Order of the Elephant|Knight of the Elephant]], ''26 September 1888''
* [[Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]], ''26 September 1888''
* Commemorative Medal for the Golden Wedding of King Christian IX and Queen Louise
* [[Order of the Dannebrog|Grand Commander of the Dannebrog, in Diamonds]], ''14 May 1912''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://tallinnmuseum.com/2018/06/15/order-of-the-dannebrog-dannebrogordenen-denmark/|title=Order of the Dannebrog (Dannebrogordenen). Denmark|last=Levin|first=Sergey|date=15 June 2018|website=Tallinn Museum of Orders of Knighthood|access-date=6 September 2019}}</ref>
* Founder and Grand Master of the [[Order of the Falcon]], ''3 July 1921&nbsp;– 17 June 1944''<ref name=president>{{cite web|url=http://english.forseti.is/TheOrderoftheFalcon/|title=The Order of the Falcon|work=Website of the President of Iceland|publisher=English.forseti.is|access-date=1 July 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120910032538/http://english.forseti.is/TheOrderoftheFalcon/|archive-date=10 September 2012}}</ref>

;Foreign honours<ref name="DanskStatskalendar2">{{cite book|year=1943|orig-year=1st pub.:1801|editor1-last=Bille-Hansen|editor1-first=A. C.|editor2-last=Holck|editor2-first=Harald|title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1943|trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1943|url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/911548.pdf#page=33|series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender|language=da|location=Copenhagen|publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri|page=15|access-date=16 September 2019|via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
{{columns-list|colwidth=25em|
* {{flag|Austria}}: Grand Star of the [[Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria]]
* {{flag|Belgium}}: Grand Cordon of the [[Order of Leopold (Belgium)|Order of Leopold]], ''22 July 1897''<ref>[[Royal Decree (Belgium)|Royal Decree]] of 22 July 1907.</ref>
* {{flag|Chile}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit (Chile)|Order of Merit]], with Collar
* {{flag|Colombia}}: Extraordinary Grand Cross of the [[Order of Boyacá]]
* {{flag|Czechoslovakia}}: [[Order of the White Lion|Collar of the White Lion]], ''1933''<ref>[http://www.vyznamenani.net/?p=1053 "Kolana Řádu Bílého lva aneb hlavy států v řetězech"] (in Czech), ''Czech Medals and Orders Society''. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</ref>
* {{flag|Estonia}}: [[Cross of Liberty (Estonia)|Cross of Liberty, Grade I Class I]], ''29 April 1925''<ref>{{cite web|title=Cross of Liberty: Christian X of Denmark|url=https://www.president.ee/en/estonia/decorations/bearer/17647/christian-x|website=Estonian State Decorations|language=et|access-date=4 June 2020}}</ref>
* {{flag|Finland}}: [[Order of the White Rose of Finland|Collar of the White Rose]], ''1919''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ritarikunnat.fi/index.php/fi/64-ritarikunnat/palkitut/216-suomen-valkoisen-ruusun-ritarikunnan-suurristin-ketjuineen-saajat-ulkomaalaiset|title=Suomen Valkoisen Ruusun Suurristi Ketjuineen|website=ritarikunnat.fi|language=fi|access-date=7 May 2020}}</ref>
* {{flagcountry|French Third Republic}}: Grand Cross of the [[Legion of Honour]]
* {{flag|German Empire}}:
** [[Order of the Black Eagle|Knight of the Black Eagle]], ''29 June 1890'';<ref name="prus">{{citation|title=Königlich Preussische Ordensliste (supp.)|volume=1|chapter-url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878823&view=1up&seq=7&skin=2021|chapter=Schwarzer Adler-orden|page=[https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015049878823&view=1up&seq=11&skin=2021 5]|language=German|location=Berlin|year=1886|via=hathitrust.org}}</ref> with Collar
** [[Order of the Red Eagle|Grand Cross of the Red Eagle]]
** {{flagcountry|Kingdom of Bavaria}}: [[Order of St. Hubert|Knight of St. Hubert]]
** {{Flagicon image|Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg}} [[Mecklenburg]]:
*** Cross of Honour of the [[Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg)|Order of the Griffon]]
*** [[House Order of the Wendish Crown|Grand Cross of the Wendish Crown, with Crown in Ore]]
** {{flag|Oldenburg}}: [[House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis|Grand Cross of the Order of Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig, with Golden Crown]]
** {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: [[Order of the White Falcon|Grand Cross of the White Falcon]], ''1897''<ref>''[https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200906150133/https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00185861/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_16_0245.tif|date=6 September 2020}}'' (1900), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. 17</ref>
** {{flag|Schaumburg-Lippe}}: Cross of Honour of the House Order of Lippe, 1st Class
* {{flagicon|Greece|royal}} [[Kingdom of Greece]]:
** [[Order of the Redeemer|Grand Cross of the Redeemer]]
** [[Order of Saints George and Constantine|Grand Cross of Saints George and Constantine]]
* {{flagicon image|Flag of Hungary (1915-1918, 1919-1946).svg}} [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946)|Regency Hungary]]: Grand Cross of the [[Order of Merit of the Kingdom of Hungary|Order of Merit]], with Holy Crown and Collar, ''26 September 1940''<ref>{{citation|last1=Sallay|first1=Gergely Pál|year=2018|title=The Collar of the Hungarian Order of Merit|journal=A Had Tör Té Ne Ti Mú Ze um Értesítôje 18. Acta Musei Militaris in Hungaria|url=https://docplayer.hu/152550360-A-had-tor-te-ne-ti-mu-ze-um-ertesitoje-18-acta-musei-militaris-in-hungaria.html|location=Budapest|publisher=Hadtörténeti Múzeum|page=81}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Italy}}: [[Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation|Knight of the Annunciation]], ''26 January 1910''<ref name="dell'interno1920">{{cite book|author=Italy. Ministero dell'interno|title=Calendario generale del regno d'Italia|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PR3|year=1920|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=KU1TIJPtKx0C&pg=PA58 58]}}</ref>
* {{flagicon image|State flag of Iran (1964–1980).svg}} [[Pahlavi dynasty|Iranian Empire]]: Collar of the [[Order of Pahlavi]]
* {{flag|Empire of Japan}}: Collar of the [[Order of the Chrysanthemum]]
* {{flag|Monaco}}: [[Order of Saint-Charles|Grand Cross of St. Charles]]
* {{flag|Netherlands}}: [[Order of the Netherlands Lion|Grand Cross of the Netherlands Lion]]
* {{flag|Norway}}:
** [[Order of St. Olav|Grand Cross of St. Olav, with Collar]], ''22 June 1906''<ref>{{citation|title=Norges Statskalender|language=Norwegian|year=1908|pages=869–870|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bFU1AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA869|chapter=Den kongelige norske Sanct Olavs Orden|access-date=17 September 2021|author1=Norway}}</ref>
** Commemorative Medal for the Coronation of King Haakon VII and Queen Maud
** [[King Haakon VII 1905–1930 Jubilee Medal]]
* {{flag|Peru}}: [[Order of the Sun of Peru|Grand Cross of the Sun of Peru]], in Diamonds
* {{flag|Poland}}: [[Order of the White Eagle (Poland)|Knight of the White Eagle]], ''1923''<ref>{{cite book|title=Kawalerowie i statuty Orderu Orła Białego 1705–2008|language=pl|year=2008|page=298}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Romania}}: Collar of the [[Order of Carol I]], ''1912''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://familiaregala.ro/ordine-si-decoratii/ordinul-carol-i|title=Ordinul Carol I|website=[[Romanian royal family|Familia Regală a României]]|location=Bucharest|language=ro|trans-title=Order of Carol I|access-date=17 October 2019}}</ref>
* {{flag|Russian Empire}}:
** [[Order of St. Andrew|Knight of St. Andrew]]
** [[Order of St. Alexander Nevsky|Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky]]
** [[Order of the White Eagle (Russia)|Knight of the White Eagle]]
** [[Order of St. Anna|Knight of St. Anna, 1st Class]]
** [[Order of Saint Stanislaus (House of Romanov)|Knight of St. Stanislaus, 1st Class]]
** [[Order of St. Vladimir|Knight of St. Vladimir, 4th Class]]
* {{flag|Kingdom of Serbia}}: [[Order of Karađorđe's Star|Grand Cross of the Star of Karađorđe]]
* {{flagicon|Thailand|1855}} [[Siam]]:
** Knight of the [[Order of the Royal House of Chakri]], ''15 July 1897''<ref name="Copenhagen">{{cite journal|journal=[[Royal Thai Government Gazette]]|date=19 March 1898|url=http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/051/559.PDF|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190508043649/http://www.ratchakitcha.soc.go.th/DATA/PDF/2441/051/559.PDF|url-status=dead|archive-date=8 May 2019|title=พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์ ที่ประเทศยุโรป|language=th|access-date=8 May 2019}}</ref>
** Commemorative Medal for the Coronation of King Rama VII
* {{Flagcountry|Restoration (Spain)}}:
** [[Order of the Golden Fleece|Knight of the Golden Fleece]], ''4 July 1901''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000989328&search=&lang=es|chapter=Caballeros de la insigne orden del toisón de oro|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1905|access-date=4 June 2020|page=146|language=es}}</ref>
** Grand Cross of the [[Order of Charles III]], with Collar, ''15 May 1902''<ref>{{citation|chapter-url=http://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/issue.vm?id=0000989328&search=&lang=es|chapter=Real y distinguida orden de Carlos III|title=Guía Oficial de España|date=1905|access-date=4 June 2020|page=148|language=es}}</ref>
* {{flag|Sweden|1844}}:
** [[Order of the Seraphim|Knight of the Seraphim, with Collar]], ''15 November 1888''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1925|page=807|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1925/0813.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv}}</ref>
** Knight of the [[Order of Charles XIII]], ''1912''<ref>{{citation|title=Sveriges statskalender|year=1940|page=345|url=https://runeberg.org/statskal/1940bih/0345.html|via=runeberg.org|access-date=6 January 2018|language=sv}}</ref>
** Gold Medal for Commendable Deeds
* {{flagcountry|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}}:
** [[Royal Victorian Order|Honorary Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]], ''11 October 1901''<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=27364|date=11 October 1901|page=6640}}</ref>
** [[Order of the Bath|Honorary Grand Cross of the Bath]] (civil), ''22 April 1908''<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=28131|date=24 April 1908|page=3077}}</ref>
** Stranger Knight Companion of the [[Order of the Garter|Garter]], ''9 May 1914''
** [[Royal Victorian Chain]]
** [[Order of Saint John (chartered 1888)|Bailiff Grand Cross of St. John]]
* {{flagicon image|State flag of Venezuela (1930–1954).svg}} [[Venezuela]]: Collar of the [[Order of the Liberator]]
}}

;Honorary military appointments
* 1912–1914: Colonel-in-Chief of the [[14th (2nd Kurhessian) Hussars "Landgrave Frederick II of Hesse-Homburg"]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Das Regiment|url=http://www.husaren14.de/index.php?id=8|website=husaren14.de|access-date=16 February 2024|language=de}}</ref>
* 1914–1947: Colonel-in-Chief of the [[Buffs (Royal East Kent Regiment)]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kentfallen.com/PDF%20reports/BUFFS%20DATES.pdf|title=The Buffs (East Kent Regiment)|publisher=Kent Fallen|access-date=30 December 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kongehuset.dk/en/news/connection-with-the-princess-of-wales-royal-regiment|title=Connection with The Princess of Wales Royal Regiment|work=The Danish Royal House|date=22 April 2023|accessdate=30 June 2023}}</ref>

==Ancestors==
{{See also|Descendants of Christian IX of Denmark}}

{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes|align=center
|boxstyle_1= background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2= background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3= background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4= background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Christian X of Denmark'''
|2= 2. [[Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
|3= 3. [[Louise of Sweden|Princess Louise of Sweden]]
|4= 4. [[Christian IX of Denmark]]
|5= 5. [[Louise of Hesse-Kassel|Princess Louise of Hesse-Kassel]]
|6= 6. [[Charles XV of Sweden]]
|7= 7. [[Louise of the Netherlands|Princess Louise of the Netherlands]]
|8= 8. [[Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]
|9= 9. [[Princess Louise Caroline of Hesse-Kassel]]
|10= 10. [[Prince William of Hesse-Kassel]]
|11= 11. [[Princess Charlotte of Denmark]]
|12= 12. [[Oscar I of Sweden]]
|13= 13. [[Josephine of Leuchtenberg|Princess Josephine of Leuchtenberg]]
|14= 14. [[Prince Frederick of the Netherlands]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Louise of Prussia (1808-1870)|Princess Louise of Prussia]]
}}

==Issue==
{| class="wikitable"
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Spouse!!Children
|-
|[[Frederik IX of Denmark]]||11 March 1899||14 January 1972||[[Ingrid of Sweden|Princess Ingrid of Sweden]]||[[Margrethe II of Denmark]]<br />[[Benedikte of Denmark|Benedikte, Dowager Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg]]<br />[[Queen Anne-Marie of Greece|Anne-Marie, Queen of the Hellenes]]
|-
|[[Knud, Hereditary Prince of Denmark]]||27 July 1900||14 June 1976||[[Princess Caroline-Mathilde of Denmark]]||[[Princess Elisabeth of Denmark]]<br />[[Count Ingolf of Rosenborg]]<br />[[Count Christian of Rosenborg]]
|}

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{Cite book|last=Bramsen|first=Bo|year=1992|title=Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt.|trans-title=The House of Glücksburg. The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants|edition=2nd|publisher=Forlaget Forum|location=Copenhagen|isbn=87-553-1843-6|language=da}}
* {{Cite book|last=Fabricius Møller|first=Jes|year=2013|title=Dynastiet Glücksborg, en Danmarkshistorie|trans-title=The Glücksborg Dynasty, a history of Denmark|language=da|publisher=Gad|location=Copenhagen|isbn=9788712048411|ref=Fabricius Møller}}
* {{Cite book|last=Jespersen|first=Knud J.V.|year=2007|title=Rytterkongen. Et portræt af Christian 10.|trans-title=The Riding King. A portrait of Christian X|publisher=[[Gyldendal]]|location=[[Copenhagen]]|isbn=978-87-02-04135-4|language=da}}
* {{Cite book|last1=Lerche|first1=Anna|last2=Mandal|first2=Marcus|year=2003|title=A royal family : the story of Christian IX and his European descendants|location=Copenhagen|publisher=Aschehoug|isbn=9788715109577}}
* {{cite book|last1=Scocozza|first1=Benito|chapter=Christian 10.|title=Politikens bog om danske monarker|trans-title=Politiken's book about Danish monarchs|year=1997|publisher=Politikens Forlag|location=Copenhagen|isbn=87-567-5772-7|pages=192–199|language=da}}
* {{Cite encyclopedia|first=Alexander|last=Thorsøe|title=Christian|url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/3/0531.html|year=1889|encyclopedia=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon|Dansk biografisk Lexikon, tillige omfattende Norge for tidsrummet 1537-1814]]|editor-first=Carl Frederik|editor-last=Bricka|editor-link=Carl Frederik Bricka|volume=III|edition=1st|location=Copenhagen|publisher=[[Gyldendal|Gyldendals forlag]]|pages=529|language=da}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Christian X of Denmark}}
* [http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/The-Royal-Lineage The Royal Lineage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314224944/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/The-Royal-Lineage|date=14 March 2015}} at the website of the [[Danish Monarchy]]
* [http://www.kongernessamling.dk/en/amalienborg/person/christian-x/ Christian X] at the website of the [[Royal Danish Collection]] at [[Amalienborg Palace]]
* {{PM20|FID=pe/003257}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg]]|26 September|1870|20 April|1947|[[House of Oldenburg]]|name=Christian X}}
{{S-reg|}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Frederick VIII of Denmark|Frederick VIII]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[King of Denmark]]|years=1912–1947}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Frederik IX of Denmark|Frederik IX]]}}
{{S-new|reason=[[Kingdom of Iceland]] created}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[King of Iceland]]|years=1918–1944}}
{{S-vac|reason=[[Republic of Iceland]] created}}
{{s-end}}

{{Monarchs of Denmark}}
{{Monarchs of Iceland}}
{{Danish princes}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christian 10 Of Denmark}}
[[Category:1870 births]]
[[Category:1947 deaths]]
[[Category:Christian X of Denmark| ]]
[[Category:People from Gentofte Municipality]]
[[Category:20th-century monarchs of Denmark]]
[[Category:Danish people of World War II]]
[[Category:Kings of Iceland]]
[[Category:House of Glücksburg (Denmark)]]
[[Category:World War II political leaders]]
[[Category:Crown princes of Denmark]]
[[Category:Burials at Roskilde Cathedral]]
<!-- Honours : Denmark and Iceland -->
[[Category:Grand Commanders of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Cross of Honour of the Order of the Dannebrog]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Falcon]]
<!-- Honours -->
[[Category:Extra Knights Companion of the Garter]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Royal Victorian Order]]
[[Category:Children of Frederick VIII of Denmark]]
<!-- [[Category:Bailiffs Grand Cross of the Order of St John]] -->
[[Category:Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain]]
[[Category:Knights of the Order of Charles XIII]]
[[Category:Collars of the Order of the White Lion]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the Netherlands Lion]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint-Charles]]
[[Category:Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses with Diamonds of the Order of the Sun of Peru]]
[[Category:Articles containing video clips]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Order of the White Eagle (Poland)]]
[[Category:Icelandic people of Danish descent]]
[[Category:Protestant monarchs]]