Editing Christian Pineau

{{Short description|French Resistance fighter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2021}}

{{Infobox politician
| name                = Christian Pineau
| image               = Christian Pineu, Ministro do Exterior da França..tif
| caption             = Pineau in 1957
| birth_date          = 14 October 1904
| birth_place         = [[Chaumont-en-Bassigny]], Haute-Marne, France
| death_date          = 5 April 1995 (aged 90)
| death_place         = [[Paris]], Ile de France, France
| office              = [[Ministry_for_Europe_and_Foreign_Affairs_(France)#Fourth_Republic|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]
| term_start          = 1 February 1956
| term_end            = 14 May 1958
| predecessor         = [[Antoine Pinay]]
| successor           = [[René Pleven]]
| primeminister       = [[René Coty]]
| relations           = [[Jean Giraudoux]] (stepfather)
}}

'''Christian Pineau''' ({{IPA|fr|kʁistjɑ̃ pino}}; 14 October 1904 – 5 April 1995)<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/07/obituaries/christian-pineau-french-hero-and-foreign-minister-dies-at-90.html|title=Christian Pineau, French Hero And Foreign Minister, Dies at 90|author=Wolfgang Saxon|date=7 April 1995|work=[[The New York Times]]}}</ref> was a noted [[French Resistance]] fighter, who later served an important term as [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (France)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]] from 1956 through 1958.

==Life and career==
Pineau was born in 1904 in [[Chaumont-en-Bassigny]], [[Haute-Marne]], [[France]].<ref name="nyt"/> His father was a colonel in the [[French Army]] died when he was a young child.<ref name="nyt"/> His mother married again to the French playwright [[Jean Giraudoux]].<ref name="nyt"/> Later, Christian Pineau would say that it was Giraudoux who gave him his love of writing.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was educated at the [[École alsacienne]] in Paris and graduated with degrees in law and in political science.<ref name="Independent">{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/obituary-christian-pineau-1616867.html|title=OBITUARY : Christian Pineau|author=D.s. Bell|work=[[The Independent]]|date=23 April 1995}}</ref> In 1931 he joined the staff of the [[Bank of France]], and later worked for the [[Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas]].<ref name="Independent"/> In 1937 he founded the journal '' Banque et Bourse''.<ref name="Independent"/>

A [[World War II]] [[French Resistance]] leader who established a network called Phalanx, Pineau helped found the underground newspaper ''[[Libération (newspaper, 1941–1964)|Libération]]''.<ref name="nyt"/><ref name="Independent"/> He was a close ally of [[Charles de Gaulle]] and went on dangerous secret missions passing communications between occupied France and the [[Free France]] headquarters in London.<ref name="nyt"/> He was arrested by the ''[[Gestapo]]'' in September 1942 but escaped.<ref name="Independent"/> He was arrested again in 1943 and evaded a death sentence through forged identity papers which hid his true identity.<ref name="nyt"/> He was sent to the [[Buchenwald]] [[concentration camp]], and remained there until it was liberated by American soldiers in 1945.<ref name="nyt"/><ref name="Independent"/>

Pineau represented the [[Sarthe|Sarthe department]] as a [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist]] in the [[French National Assembly]] from 1946 to 1958.<ref name="Independent"/> After the war, he served as a minister in French governments, 1945–1958.<ref name="Independent"/> He was minister of supply in [[Charles de Gaulle]]'s government (1945) and minister of public works (1947–1950) in various governments.<ref name="Independent"/>

[[File:Christian Pineau-David Ben Gurion 1959.jpg|250px|right|thumb|Christian Pineau meeting with [[David Ben-Gurion]] in Israel, January 1959]]
Pineau was finance minister for a short time in 1948.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was designated as [[prime minister of France]] by President [[René Coty]] after the February 1955 resignation of [[Pierre Mendès-France]], but the National Assembly refused to ratify his cabinet by 312 votes against 268; his prime ministership lasted for two days between 17 and 19 February 1955.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

As [[Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs (France)|foreign minister]] (February 1956 – May 1958), Pineau was responsible for handling the [[Suez crisis]] and for signing the [[Treaty of Rome]] on behalf of France.<ref name="Independent"/> With [[Guy Mollet]], he visited [[Moscow]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} In October 1956, he signed the [[Protocol of Sèvres]] with [[Great Britain]] and [[Israel]] on behalf of France.<ref name="Independent"/>

Pineau was a lifelong advocate of [[European integration]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Pineau is buried in the [[Père Lachaise Cemetery]], [[Paris]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Bibliography==
Pineau wrote several political books and memoirs:
*''La simple vérité, regard sur la période 1940–1945'' (''the simple truth, a view of the period 1940–45''), Editions Julliard
*''Khrouchtchev'' (''Khrushchev'') Perrin, 1964
*''Suez'', Robert Laffont, 1976
*''Mon cher député'', Julliard, 1959
*''Le grand pari, l'aventure du Traité de Rome'' (with Christiane Rimbaud)

He also wrote children's books:
* ''Plume et le saumon'' (''Feather and the salmon'')
* ''L'ourse aux pattons verts'' (''The she-bear with green paws'')
* ''Histoire de la forêt de Bercé'' (''Story of the Bercé forest'')
* ''La planète aux enfants perdus'' (''The planet of lost children'')

{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Ramadier]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Supply (France)|Minister of Supply]]|years=1945}}
{{s-aft|after=[[François Tanguy-Prigent]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Jules Moch]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Public Works and Transport (France)|Minister of Public Works and Transport]]|years=1947–1948}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Henri Queuille]]|rows=2}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Paul Reynaud]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Finance (France)|Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs]]|years=1948}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henri Queuille]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Public Works and Transport (France)|Minister of Public Works, Transport, and Tourism]]|years=1948–1950}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Jacques Chastellain]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Antoine Pinay]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|Minister of Foreign Affairs]]|years=1956–1958}}
{{s-aft|after=[[René Pleven]]}}
{{S-end}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Foreign Ministers of France}}
{{Finance Ministers of France}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pineau, Christian}}
[[Category:1904 births]]
[[Category:1995 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Chaumont, Haute-Marne]]
[[Category:French Section of the Workers' International politicians]]
[[Category:Foreign ministers of France]]
[[Category:Finance ministers of France]]
[[Category:Ministers of transport of France]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1945)]]
[[Category:Members of the Constituent Assembly of France (1946)]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 1st National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 2nd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Deputies of the 3rd National Assembly of the French Fourth Republic]]
[[Category:Members of Parliament for Sarthe]]
[[Category:Members of the General Confederation of Labour (France)]]
[[Category:Writers from Grand Est]]
[[Category:French Resistance members]]
[[Category:Buchenwald concentration camp survivors]]
[[Category:French people of the First Indochina War]]
[[Category:French people of the Algerian War]]
[[Category:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour]]
[[Category:Companions of the Liberation]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Resistance Medal]]
[[Category:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery]]