Editing Christian I of Denmark

{{contradictory|about=dates of his reign as Count of Oldenburg|date=June 2024}}
{{short description|Scandinavian monarch under the Kalmar Union (1426–1481)}}
{{redirect|Christian I}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2020}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Christian I
| image        = Christian I of Denmark, Norway & Sweden 1440s.jpg
| caption      = Portrait at [[Frederiksborg Castle]], 15th century
| succession   = [[King of Denmark]]
| moretext     = ([[Style of the Danish sovereign|more...]])
| reign        = 1 September 1448&nbsp;– 21 May 1481
| coronation   = 28 October 1449<br />[[Copenhagen Cathedral]]
| cor-type     = [[Coronation of the Danish monarch|Coronation]]
| predecessor  = [[Christopher III]]
| successor    = [[John, King of Denmark|John]]
| succession1  = [[King of Norway]]
| moretext1    = ([[Style of the Norwegian sovereign|more...]])
| reign1       = 13 May 1450&nbsp;– 21 May 1481
| coronation1  = 2 August 1450, [[Trondheim]]
| cor-type1    = [[Coronations in Norway|Coronation]]
| predecessor1 = [[Karl Knutsson|Karl I]]
| successor1   = [[John, King of Denmark|John]]
| succession2  = [[King of Sweden]]
| moretext2    = ([[Style of the Swedish sovereign|more...]])
| reign2       = 23 June 1457&nbsp;– 23 June 1464
| coronation2  = 29 June 1457, [[Uppsala]]
| predecessor2 = [[Karl VIII]]
| successor2   = Karl VIII
| succession3  = [[Counts, dukes and grand dukes of Oldenburg|Count of Oldenburg]]
| reign3       = 14 February 1440&nbsp;– 1 September 1448
| predecessor3 = [[Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg|Dietrich I]]
| successor3   = [[Gerhard VI, Count of Oldenburg|Gerhard VI]]
| spouse       = {{Marriage|[[Dorothea of Brandenburg]]|1449}}
| issue        = {{Plainlist|
* [[John, King of Denmark]]
* [[Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland|Margaret, Queen of Scots]]
* [[Frederick I, King of Denmark]]
}}
| issue-link   = #Issue
| issue-pipe   = among others...
| house        = [[House of Oldenburg|Oldenburg]]
| father       = [[Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg]]
| mother       = [[Hedvig of Holstein]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth-date|February 1426}}
| birth_place  = [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date   = {{death date and age|1481|05|21|1426|02|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Copenhagen Castle]]
| burial_place = [[Roskilde Cathedral]]
}}
'''Christian I''' ''(Christiern I)'' (February 1426&nbsp;– 21 May 1481) was a [[German noble]] and  [[Scandinavia]]n monarch under the [[Kalmar Union]]. He was [[king of Denmark]] (1448–1481), [[King of Norway|Norway]] (1450–1481) and [[King of Sweden|Sweden]] (1457–1464). From 1460 to 1481, he was also [[duke of Schleswig]] (within Denmark) and count (after 1474, duke) of [[Duchy of Holstein|Holstein]] (within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]). He was the first king of the [[House of Oldenburg]].<ref>''[[Burke's]] Royal families of the World, I Europe & Latin America'' {{ISBN|0 85011 023 8}} p. 68</ref>

In the [[power vacuum]] that arose following the death of [[Christopher of Bavaria|King Christopher]] (1416–1448) without a direct heir, Sweden elected [[Karl Knutsson]] (1408{{endash}}1470) king with the intent to reestablish the union under a Swedish king. Karl was elected king of Norway in the following year. However the [[House of Schauenburg|counts of Holstein]] made the [[Danish Privy Council]] appoint Christian as king of Denmark. His subsequent accessions to the thrones of Norway (in 1450) and Sweden (in 1457) restored the unity of the Kalmar Union for a short period. In 1464, Sweden broke away from the union and Christian's attempt at a reconquest resulted in his defeat by the Swedish regent [[Sten Sture the Elder]] at the [[Battle of Brunkeberg]] in 1471.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://strv102r.tripod.com/battleof.htm|title= Battle of Brunkeberg 1471|publisher =  tripod.com|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>

In 1460, following the death of his uncle, [[Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein|Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, Count of Holstein]], Christian also became Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Biography==
===Early years===
[[File:Dietrich & Hedwig 1704.jpg|thumb|left|Christian's parents, Dietrich and Hedwig of Oldenburg, depicted in 1704]]
''Christiern'' was born in February 1426 in [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]] in [[Northern Germany]] as the eldest son of [[Dietrich of Oldenburg|Count Dietrich of Oldenburg]] by his second wife, [[Hedvig of Holstein]] (died 1436). Christian had two younger brothers, [[Maurice V, Count of Delmenhorst|Maurice]] (1428–1464) and [[Gerhard VI, Count of Oldenburg|Gerhard]] (1430–1500), and one sister [[Adelheid of Oldenburg|Adelheid]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Through his father, he belonged to the [[House of Oldenburg]], a [[comital]] family established since the 12th century in an area west of the [[River Weser]] in north-western Germany. Based on the two [[stronghold]]s of [[Oldenburg (city)|Oldenburg]] and [[Delmenhorst]], the family had gradually expanded its rule over the neighbouring [[Frisians|Frisian tribes]] of the area. Christian's father was called ''the Fortunate'' as he had reunited and expanded the family's territory. Christian's mother, Hedvig, was a daughter of [[Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein]], and a sister of [[Adolphus VIII, Count of Holstein|Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig]]. Through his mother, Christian was also a [[cognatic]] descendant of King [[Eric V of Denmark]] through his second daughter Richeza (died 1308) and also a cognatic descendant of King [[Abel of Denmark]] through his daughter Sophie. Through his father, Christian was a [[cognatic]] descendant of King [[Eric IV of Denmark]] through his daughter [[Sophia of Denmark|Sophia]]. Christian thus descended from the three surviving sons of [[Valdemar II]] and his second wife [[Berengaria of Portugal]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} He was also a cognatic descendant of King [[Magnus III of Sweden]].

At the death of their father in 1440, Christian and his brothers jointly succeeded Dietrich as Count of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst. Christian was raised by his uncle, Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, Count of Holstein (1401–1459) as the childless duke wished for his young nephew to become his heir, and also succeeded in having Christian elected as his successor in the [[Duchy of Schleswig]].<ref>{{cite web|url = https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/ADB:Adolf_VIII|title=  Adolf VIII|publisher =   Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie|access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>

===King of Denmark===
[[File:C. W. Eckersberg Hertug Adolf, som afslaar Tilbudet om den danske Krone.jpg|thumb|''Duke Adolph declining the offer of the Danish throne and recommending his nephew, Count Christian of Oldenburg.'' [[History painting]] by [[Christoffer Wilhelm Eckersberg]], 1819.]]
[[File:Den ældste håndfæstning (9288945185).jpg|thumb|The ascension promissory of Christian I]]
[[File:King Christian I of Denmark and Queen Dorothea.jpg|thumb|King Christian I and [[Dorothea of Brandenburg|Queen Dorothea]]]]

In January 1448, King [[Christopher of Bavaria|Christopher of Denmark, Sweden and Norway]] died suddenly and without natural heirs. His death resulted in the break-up of the union of the three kingdoms, as Denmark and Sweden went their separate ways and Norway's affiliation was unclear. The vacant Danish throne was first offered by the [[Council of the Realm (Denmark)|Council of the Realm]] to Duke Adolphus of Schleswig, being the most prominent feudal lord of Danish dominions. The duke declined and recommended his nephew, Count Christian of Oldenburg. Before being elected, Christian had to promise to obey to the [[Constitutio Valdemariana]], a provision in the [[ascension promissory]] of King [[Valdemar III of Denmark]], that promised that in the future, the same person could never be both ruler of the [[Duchy of Schleswig]] and Denmark simultaneously. The council also demanded that Christian should marry [[dowager]] queen [[Dorothea of Brandenburg]] (ca 1430–1495), widow of his predecessor King Christopher III. On 1 September 1448, after signing his ascension promissory, count Christian was elected to the Danish throne as king Christian I at the assembly in [[Viborg, Denmark|Viborg]]. His coronation was held on 28 October 1449, in the [[Church of Our Lady (Copenhagen)|Church of Our Lady]] in [[Copenhagen]], at which occasion his marriage with dowager queen Dorothea was also celebrated.<ref>{{cite web|url = https://runeberg.org/dbl/4/0303.html|title=Dorothea, 1430-95, Dronning|publisher =Dansk biografisk Lexikon     |access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref>

===King of Sweden and Norway===
[[File:Christian I - Graf zu Oldenburg.jpg|thumb|left|[[Tapestry]] with a portrait of Christian I]]
Meanwhile, Sweden had on 20 June 1448 elected [[Karl Knutsson Bonde]] as king. Norway was now faced with the choice between a union with Denmark or Sweden, or electing a separate king. The latter option was quickly discarded, and a power-struggle ensued between the supporters of Christian of Denmark and Karl of Sweden. The Norwegian [[Rigsraadet|Council of the Realm]] was divided. In February 1449, a part of the Council declared in favour of Karl as king, but on 15 June the same year, a different group of councillors paid [[Homage (feudal)|homage]] to Christian. On 20 November, Karl was crowned king of Norway in [[Trondheim]].{{citation needed|date=November 2020}}

However, the Swedish nobility now took steps to avoid war with Denmark. In June 1450, the Swedish Council of the Realm forced Karl to renounce his claim on Norway to Christian. In the summer of 1450, Christian sailed to Norway with a large fleet, and on 2 August he was crowned king of Norway in [[Trondheim]]. On 29 August, [[Treaty of Bergen|a union treaty]] between Denmark and Norway was signed in [[Bergen]]. Norway had of old been a [[hereditary monarchy]], but this had become less and less a reality, as at the last royal successions, hereditary claims had been bypassed for political reasons. It was now explicitly stated that Norway, as well as Denmark, was an elective monarchy. The treaty stipulated that Denmark and Norway should have the same king in perpetuity, and that he would be elected among the legitimate sons of the previous king, if such existed.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Karl Knutsson became increasingly unpopular as king of Sweden, and was driven into exile in 1457. Christian achieved his aim of being elected as king of Sweden, thus re-establishing the Kalmar Union. He received the power from temporary Swedish regents Archbishop [[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]] and lord [[Erik Axelsson Tott]]. However, Sweden being volatile and split by factions (benefits of union being against nationalistic benefits), his reign there ended in 1464 when [[Kettil Karlsson Vasa]], Bishop of Linköping was installed as the next regent. Karl Knutsson was recalled as King of Sweden, although he was later exiled a second time, recalled again and died during his third term as king. Christian's final attempt at regaining Sweden ended in a total military failure at the [[Battle of Brunkeberg]] (outside Stockholm) October 1471 where he was defeated by forces on Swedish regent [[Sten Sture the Elder]] ({{langx|sv|Sten Sture den äldre}}). Christian maintained his claim to the Swedish kingdom up to his death in 1481.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.blf.fi/artikel.php?id=43|title= Erik Axelsson Tott|publisher = Biografiskt lexikon för Finland 1. Svenska tiden |access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url= http://historiska-personer.nu/min-s/p403e0ae4.html|title= Kettil Vasa (Karlsson)|publisher= historiska-personer.nu|author= Christer Engstrand|access-date= 1 June 2018|archive-date= 9 September 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160909144706/http://historiska-personer.nu/min-s/p403e0ae4.html|url-status= dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=7922 |title=Jöns Bengtsson (Oxenstierna)|publisher =Svenskt biografiskt lexikon |access-date=1 June 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.tacitus.nu/svenskhistoria/statsman/sture.htm |title = Sten Sture den äldre |publisher = Tacitus.nu |author = Örjan Martinsson |access-date = 1 June 2018 |archive-date = 22 April 2022 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20220422070134/http://www.tacitus.nu/svenskhistoria/statsman/sture.htm |url-status = dead }}</ref>

===Duke and Count===
In 1460 King Christian also became Duke of [[Schleswig]], a Danish [[fief]], and Count of [[Holstein-Rendsburg]], a [[Saxe-Lauenburg]]ian subfief within the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Christian inherited Holstein-Rendsburg and Schleswig after a short "[[interregnum]]" as the eldest son of the sister of late Duke [[Adolf VIII, Count of Holstein|Adolphus VIII]], Duke of Schleswig (Southern Jutland) and Count of Holstein, of the [[Counts of Schauenburg and Holstein|Schauenburg]] [[fürst]] clan, who died 4 December 1459, without heirs. Christian's succession was confirmed by the [[Estates of the Realm]] (nobility and representatives) of these [[stem duchies|duchies]] in Ribe 5 March 1460 ([[Treaty of Ribe]]). In 1474 Lauenburg's [[liege lord]] Emperor [[Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor|Frederick III]] elevated Christian I as Count of Holstein to Duke of [[Duchy of Holstein|Holstein]], thus becoming an immediate imperial [[vassal]] (see [[imperial immediacy]]).{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

===Later reign===
[[File:Malpaga10.JPG|thumb|left|The visit of the king of Denmark to [[Bergamo|Bergamo's]] [[Malpaga Castle]], where a banquet was offered in his honour by Venetian Captain-General [[Bartolomeo Colleoni|Colleoni]].]]
[[File:Medalj över Kristian I, Nordisk familjebok.png|thumb|Medal of Christian I of Denmark, made during his journey through [[Italy]].]]
Christian's personal territory was at its largest in 1460–1464, before the loss of Sweden. However, many parts of his realm wanted to govern themselves locally, and there were constant struggles. Denmark was his most important center of power.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

In 1474 Christian travelled two times: in April he went to [[Milan]] (his stay in Lombardy is celebrated by frescoes by [[Il Romanino]] in the [[Malpaga Castle]]) and [[Rome]], in [[Italy]], where he met [[Pope Sixtus IV]]. In the autumn same year he visited [[Charles of Burgundy]], acting as intermediary between him and future emperor [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian I]]. He stayed in [[Duchy of Burgundy|Burgundy]] for several months, moving to the [[Netherlands]] in the early 1475.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

[[File:Christian den Første stifter universitetet (9288942775).jpg|thumb|left|Rendition of Christian I establishing the [[University of Copenhagen]].]]
Acting on a permission from Pope Sixtus IV in 1475 to establish a [[university]] in Denmark, the [[University of Copenhagen]] was inaugurated by Christian on 1 June 1479.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

===Death and burial===
[[File:RoskildeDomkirke-ChristianIKapelModSkibet.jpg|thumb|The Gothic [[fresco]]s of the [[Roskilde Cathedral#Chapel of the Magi|Chapel of the Magi]], showing amongst others Jesus carrying his cross on [[Via Dolorosa]].]]
King Christian died at [[Copenhagen Castle]] on 21 May 1481 at the age of 55. He was interred at the [[Roskilde Cathedral#Chapel of the Magi (Christian I's chapel)|Chapel of the Magi]] at [[Roskilde Cathedral]], a richly decorated [[chapel]] he and Queen Dorothea had erected to serve as a family sepulchral chapel for the [[House of Oldenburg]]. The burials of Christian I and Queen Dorothea are marked with a pair of simple stones, as the chapel itself was to be considered their [[sepulchral monument]].{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Legacy==
The dynasty he founded, the [[House of Oldenburg]], remains on the throne of Denmark. It was on the throne of Norway until 1818, returning there again from 1905, and also on the throne of Sweden during Christian's reign there and those of his [[John, King of Denmark|son]] (1497–1501) and [[Christian II of Denmark|grandson]] (1520–1521), but also 1751–1818.<ref>''Burke's Royal Families of the World'' {{ISBN|0-85011-023-8}} p 60</ref>

==Arms==
<gallery>
File:BlasonChristian Ier (1143-1167), comte d'Oldenbourg.svg|Coat of arms as Count of Oldenburg.
File:Christian I of Denmark Coat of Arms 1448-1450.svg|Coat of arms as King of Denmark, the Goths and the Wends.
File:Christian I of Denmark Coat of Arms 1457-1460.svg|Coat of arms as King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the Wends.
File:Blason Christian Ier de Oldenbourg (1425-1481) Roi de Suède, de Danemark et de Norvège (retouched).svg|Coat of arms as King of Denmark, Sweden, Norway and the Wends and Duke of Schleswig-Holstein.
File:Royal coats of arms of King Christian I and Queen Dorothea of Denmark.tif|alt=Fresco of Christian I and Dorothea's coats of arms|Coat of arms on fresco in Roskilde Cathedral, alongside Queen Dorothea's coat of arms (right)
</gallery>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=no |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Christian I of Denmark'''
|2= 2. [[Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg]]
|3= 3. [[Hedvig of Holstein]]
|4= 4. [[Christian V, Count of Oldenburg]]
|5= 5. [[Agnes of Hohnstein-Heringen]]
|6= 6. [[Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]]
|7= 7. [[Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick]]
|8= 8. [[Conrad I, Count of Oldenburg]]
|9= 9. [[Ingeborg of Holstein-Plön]]
|10= 10. [[Dietrich V, Count of Hohnstein-Heringen]]
|11= 11. [[Sophie of Brunswick]]
|12= 12. [[Henry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]]
|13= 13. [[Ingeborg of Mecklenburg]]
|14= 14. [[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]
|15= 15. [[Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg]]
}}

===Danish royal descent===
{{Tree chart/start |summary= Descent of Christian I of Denmark}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | Val | | | Val=[[House of Estridsen]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | |!}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | Val | | | Val=[[Valdemar II of Denmark]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.}}
{{Tree chart| | | | Pa1 | | Pa2 | |Pa3| | |Pa1=[[Christopher I of Denmark]]|Pa2=[[Abel, King of Denmark]]|Pa3=[[Eric IV of Denmark]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart| | | | Pa1 | | Pa2 | |Pa3| | |Pa1=[[Eric V of Denmark]]|Pa2=[[Bernhard I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg|Sophie, Princess of Anhalt-Bernburg]]|Pa3=[[Sophia of Denmark|Sophia, Queen of Sweden]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart| | | | Pa1 | | Pa2 | |Pa3| | |Pa1=[[Nicholas II of Werle|Richeza of Denmark]]|Pa2=[[Bernhard II, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg]]|Pa3=[[Ingeborg of Sweden (1263–1292)|Ingeborg, Countess of Holstein-Plön]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart| | | | Pa1 | | Pa2 | |Pa3| | |Pa1=[[Gerhard III, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg|Sophie of Mecklenburg-Werle]]|Pa2=[[Bernhard III, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg]]|Pa3=[[Gerhard IV, Count of Holstein-Plön]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart| | | | Pa1 | | Pa2 | |Pa3| | |Pa1=[[Henry II, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]]|Pa2=[[Magnus II, Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg|Catherine of Anhalt-Bernburg]]|Pa3=[[Conrad I, Count of Oldenburg|Ingeborg, Countess of Oldenburg]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart| | | | Pa1 |y| Pa2 | |Pa3| | |Pa1=[[Gerhard VI, Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]]|Pa2=[[Catherine Elisabeth of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]|Pa3=[[Christian V, Count of Oldenburg]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | |!| | | | | |!| | | }}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | Hel |~|y|~| Die | | |Hel=[[Hedvig of Holstein]]|Die=[[Dietrich, Count of Oldenburg]]}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | Chr | | |Chr=Christian I}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | |!}}
{{Tree chart| | | | | | | | | Old | | |Old=[[House of Oldenburg]]}}
{{Tree chart/end}}

==Issue==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!Name!!Birth!!Death!!Notes
|-
|Olaf||1450||1451||
|-
|Canute||1451||1455||
|-
|[[John, King of Denmark|John]]||2 February 1455||20 February 1513||King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. Had issue.
|-
|[[Margaret of Denmark, Queen of Scotland|Margaret]]||23 June 1456||14 July 1486||Married [[James III of Scotland|King James III of Scotland]] in 1469. Had issue.
|-
|[[Frederick I of Denmark|Frederick I]]||7 October 1471||10 April 1533||King of Denmark and Norway. Had issue.
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Danish monarchs]]
* [[Danish monarch's family tree]]

==References==
===Citations===
{{reflist|1=20em}}

===Bibliography===
{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite journal|first=Erik|last=Arup|author-link=Erik Arup|title=Den finansielle side af erhvervelsen af hertugdømmerne 1460–1487|trans-title=The financial side of the acquisition of the duchies 1460–1487|url=https://tidsskrift.dk/historisktidsskrift/article/view/54794/74040|journal=[[Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark)|Historisk Tidsskrift]]|volume=4|issue=7|pages=317–388; 399–489|location=[[Copenhagen]]|year=1902–1904|publisher=[[Den danske historiske Forening]]|language=da}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|first=Henry|last=Bruun|title=Christian (Christiern) I.|url=https://www.rosekamp.dk/DBL_All/DBL_5_text.pdf|editor1-first=Povl|editor1-last=Engelstoft|editor2-first=Svend|editor2-last=Dahl|encyclopedia=[[Dansk Biografisk Leksikon]]|edition=2.|pages=90–94|volume=5|location=Copenhagen|publisher=J.H. Schultz Forlag|year=1934|language=da}}
* {{cite journal|first=W.|last=Carstens|title=Die Wahl König Christian I. von Dänemark zum Herzog von Schleswig und Graf von Holstein im Jahre 1460.|trans-title=The election of King Christian I of Denmark as Duke of Schleswig and Count of Holstein in 1460|journal=[[Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte]]|volume=60|year=1931|publisher=[[Gesellschaft für Schleswig-Holsteinische Geschichte]]|location=[[Kiel]]|language=de}}
* {{cite book|first=Troels|last=Dahlerup|title=De fire stænder. 1400–1500|trans-title=The four estates. 1400–1500.|series=[[Gyldendal og Politikens Danmarkshistorie]]|volume=6|year=1989|location=[[Copenhagen]]|publisher=[[Gyldendal]] & [[Politikens Forlag]]|isbn=87-89068-08-4|language=da}}
* {{cite book|first=Victor|last=Hermansen|title=Christiern den Førstes højde|trans-title=The height of Christiern the First|year=1950|publisher=[[Nationalmuseet]]|location=[[Copenhagen]]|language=da}}
*{{Cite ADB|4|180|184|Christian I.|Hille, Georg|ADB:Christian I. (König von Dänemark, Norwegen und Schweden)}}
* {{cite book|first=Carsten|last=Jahnke|authorlink=Carsten Jahnke|year=2014|chapter=Two Journeys and One University: King Christian I and Queen Dorothea's Journeys to Rome and the Foundation of the University of Copenhagen|title=Denmark and Europe in the Middle Ages, c. 1000–1525: Essays in Honour of Professor Michael H. Gelting|pages=139–153|language=en}}
*{{runeberg|url=https://runeberg.org/dbl/3/0483.html|chapter=Christian I|title=[[Dansk biografisk Lexikon]]|last=Mollerup|first=William|edition=1st|volume=3|date=1889}}
* {{cite journal|first=Arne|last=Odd Johnsen|author-link=Arne Odd Johnsen|year=1947–1949|title=Kong Christian I.s forbundspakt med Karl den Dristige av Burgund og hans allierte (1467)|trans-title=King Christian I's Covenant Pact with Charles the Bold of Burgundy and his Allies (1467)|url=https://tidsskrift.dk/historisktidsskrift/article/view/50271/64994|journal=[[Historisk Tidsskrift (Denmark)|Historisk Tidsskrift]]|publisher=[[Den danske historiske Forening]]|location=[[Copenhagen]]|volume=11|issue=2|pages=111–131|language=no}}
* {{cite book|first=Bjørn|last=Poulsen|title=Land – by – marked: to økonomiske landskaber i 1400-tallets Slesvig|url=http://star.dcbib.dk/publikationer/024_Land_by_marked.pdf|location=[[Flensburg]]|year=1988|isbn=87-89178-00-9|language=da}}
*{{cite book |last=Platte |first=Hartmut |year= 2006 |title=Das Haus Oldenburg |publisher=Börde |location=[[Werl]] |isbn= 3-9810315-4-7 |language= de |ref=platte}}
*{{cite book|last1=Scocozza|first1=Benito|chapter=Christian 1.|title=Politikens bog om danske monarker|trans-title=Politiken's book about Danish monarchs|year=1997|publisher=Politikens Forlag|location=[[Copenhagen]]|isbn=87-567-5772-7|pages=94–98|language=da}}
*{{NDB|3|232|233|Christian I.|Suhr, Wilhelm|12939159X}}
* {{cite journal|first=Biörn|last=Tjällén|year=2020|title=King Bottomless Empty Purse': Taxes, Avarice and Pastoral Care in the Swedish Reign of Christian I (1457–64)|journal=[[Scandinavian Journal of History]]|volume=46 |issue=2 |pages=172–195 |doi=10.1080/03468755.2020.1785932|doi-access=free}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Christian I of Denmark}}
* [http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/The-Royal-Lineage The Royal Lineage] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150314224944/http://kongehuset.dk/english/the-monarchy-in-denmark/The-Royal-Lineage |date=14 March 2015 }} at the website of the [[Danish Monarchy]]

{{S-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Oldenburg]]|February|1426|21 May|1481|name=Christian I}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{S-bef|rows=1|before=[[Dietrich of Oldenburg|Theodoric]]}}
{{S-ttl|rows=1|title=[[Count of Oldenburg]]<br /><small>as Christian VII</small>|years=1440–1450}}
{{S-aft|rows=1|after=[[Gerhard VI, Count of Oldenburg|Gerhard VI]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Christopher III]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Danish monarchs|King of Denmark]]|years=1448–1481}}
{{s-aft|after=[[John, King of Denmark|John]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Karl Knutsson|Karl]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Norwegian monarchs|King of Norway]]|years=1450–1481}}
{{s-vac|next=[[John, King of Denmark|John]]|reason=Regency held by [[Jon Svaleson Smør]]}}
|-
{{s-vac|reason=Regency held by<br />[[Jöns Bengtsson Oxenstierna]]<br />and [[Erik Axelsson Tott]]|last=[[Karl VIII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Swedish monarchs|King of Sweden]]|years=1457–1464}}
{{s-vac|reason=Regency held by<br />[[Kettil Karlsson (Vasa)]]|next=[[Karl VIII]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|rows=2|before=[[Adolf VIII, Count of Holstein|Adolf VIII]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein|Count of Holstein-Rendsburg]]|years=1460–1474}}
{{s-non|reason=Became duke}}
|-
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of dukes of Schleswig#House of Oldenburg|Duke of Schleswig]]|years=1460–1481}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[John, King of Denmark|John I]] and|after2=[[Frederick I of Denmark|Frederick I]]}}
|-
{{s-non|reason=Became duke}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of rulers of Schleswig-Holstein|Duke of Holstein]]|years=1474–1481}}
{{S-end}}

{{Monarchs of Denmark}}
{{Monarchs of Norway}}
{{Monarchs of Sweden}}
{{Monarchs of Iceland}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Christian 01 of Denmark}}
[[Category:Christian I of Denmark| ]]
[[Category:1426 births]]
[[Category:1481 deaths]]
[[Category:15th-century Swedish monarchs]]
[[Category:15th-century monarchs of Denmark]]
[[Category:15th-century Norwegian monarchs]]
[[Category:Kalmar Union]]
[[Category:Dukes of Schleswig]]
[[Category:Dukes of Holstein]]
[[Category:Counts of Holstein]]
[[Category:Counts of Oldenburg|Christian 06]]
[[Category:Burials at Roskilde Cathedral]]
[[Category:Swedish monarchs of German descent]]
[[Category:Danish people of German descent]]
[[Category:Norwegian people of German descent]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic monarchs]]