Editing Chojnów

{{Short description|Town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland}}
{{hatnote group|
{{Other uses}}
{{Redirect|Haynau|the Austrian general|Julius Jacob von Haynau}}
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{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2017}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Chojnów
| image_skyline = {{multiple image
| border = infobox
| total_width = 270
| image_style = border:1
| perrow = 1/3
| image1 = SM Chojnów Rynek (0) ID 593382.jpg{{!}}Rynek (Market Square)
| image2 = MG 1541 kopia.jpg{{!}}Piast Castle
| image3 = Chojnów, wieża kościoła Świętych Apostołów Piotra i Pawła (3).jpg{{!}}Gothic Saints Peter and Paul Church
| image4 = Baszta-tkaczy-chojnow.jpg{{!}}Medieval Weavers Tower
| caption1 = Market Square
| caption2 = Piast Castle
| caption3 = Saints Peter and Paul Church
| caption4 = Weavers Tower
}}
| image_flag = POL Chojnów flag.svg
| image_shield = POL Chojnów COA.svg
| pushpin_map = Poland
| pushpin_label_position = right
| subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name = {{POL}}
| subdivision_type1 = [[Voivodeships of Poland|Voivodeship]]
| subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Lower Silesian Voivodeship|name=Lower Silesian}}
| subdivision_type2 = [[Powiat|County]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Legnica County|Legnica]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Gmina]]
| subdivision_name3 = Chojnów <small>(urban gmina)</small>
| leader_title = Mayor
| leader_name = Jan Serkies
| established_title = Established
| established_date = 14th century
| established_title3 = Town rights 
| established_date3 = 1333
| area_total_km2 = 5.32
| population_as_of = 31 December 2021<ref name="population">{{cite web|url=https://bdl.stat.gov.pl/BDL/dane/teryt/jednostka|title=Local Data Bank|access-date=2022-06-13|publisher=Statistics Poland}} Data for territorial unit 0209011.</ref>
| population_total = 13002
| population_density_km2 = auto
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset = +1
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| coordinates = {{coord|51|16|N|15|56|E|region:PL|display=title,inline}}
| elevation_m = 170
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| postal_code = 59-224, 59-225
| area_code = +48 76
| blank_name = [[Polish car number plates|Car plates]]
| blank_info = DLE
| website = {{URL|chojnow.eu}}
}}
'''Chojnów''' {{IPAc-pl|AUD|Pl-Chojnów.ogg|'|h|o|j|n|u|f}} ({{langx|de|Haynau}}) is a small town in [[Legnica County]], [[Lower Silesian Voivodeship]], in south-western [[Poland]].{{TERYT}} It is located on the [[Skora]] river, a tributary of the [[Kaczawa]] at an average altitude of {{convert|170|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. Chojnów is the administrative seat of the rural [[gmina]] called [[Gmina Chojnów]], although the town is not part of its territory and forms a separate urban gmina. As of December 2021, the town has 13,002 inhabitants.<ref name = population />

Chojnów is located {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} west of [[Legnica]], {{convert|26|km|mi|abbr=on}} east from [[Bolesławiec]] and {{convert|18|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of [[Złotoryja]], {{convert|5|km|mi|abbr=on}} from the [[A4 autostrada (Poland)|A4 motorway]]. It has railroad connections to Bolesławiec and Legnica.

==Heraldry==
The Chojnów coat of arms is a blue [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] featuring a white castle with three towers. To the right side of the central tower is a silver crescent moon and to its left side a golden sun. In the gate of the castle is a [[Silesian Eagle]] on a yellow background. Chojnów's motto is "Friendly Town".

==Geography==
Chojnów is located in the Central-Western part of the [[Lower Silesia]] region. The [[Skora River|Skora (Leather) River]] flows through the town in a westerly direction. The city of Chojnów is {{convert|5.32|km2|2|abbr=on}} in area, including 41% agricultural land.

Chojnów has a connection with the major cities of the country (road and rail) and located {{convert|5|km|0|abbr=off}} south of Chojnów has the A4 Autostrada. To the South of the town is the surrounding Chojnowska Plain.

==History==
[[File:SM Chojnów Zamek ID 593385.jpg|thumb|left|Piast Castle in Chojnów]]
The town is first mentioned in a Latin mediaeval document issued in [[Wrocław]] on February 26, 1253, stating, the Silesian Duke [[Henry III the White|Henry III]] when the town is mentioned under the name Honowo.<ref>[http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=26222&from=FBC Historical doccontent] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315001239/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=26222&from=FBC |date=March 15, 2016 }}.</ref><ref>Georg Korn, "Breslauer Urkundenbuch", Erster Theil, Breslau, Verlag von Wilhelm Gottlieb Korn 1870, p14.</ref> Possible the name of nearby Hainau Island.{{citation needed|date=February 2020}} The name is of Polish origin, and in more modern records from the 19th century, the Polish name appears as ''Hajnów'',<ref>{{cite book|last=Lompa|first=Józef|title=Krótki rys jeografii Śląska dla nauki początkowej|location=Głogówek|year=1847|language=pl|page=14}}</ref><ref name=sgk>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |title=Słownik geograficzny Królestwa Polskiego i innych krajów słowiańskich|volume=III|year=1882|language=pl|location=Warsaw|page=10}}</ref> while ''Haynau'' is the Germanized version of the original Polish name.<ref>[http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=26222&from=FBC Haynau] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160315001239/http://www.sbc.org.pl/dlibra/doccontent?id=26222&from=FBC |date=March 15, 2016 }}.</ref>

The settlement of ''Haynow'' was mentioned in a 1272 deed. It was already called a ''civitas'' in a 1288 document issued by the [[Silesian Piasts|Piast]] duke [[Henry V, Duke of Legnica|Henry V of Legnica]], and officially received [[town privileges]] in 1333 from Duke [[Bolesław III the Generous]].<ref name=sgk/> It was part of the duchies of [[Duchy of Silesia|Wrocław]], [[Duchy of Głogów|Głogów]] and [[Duchy of Legnica|Legnica]] of fragmented [[Kingdom of Poland (1025–1385)|Poland]] and remained under the rule of the [[Piast dynasty]] until 1675. Its population was predominantly [[Polish people|Polish]].<ref name=cho>{{cite web|url=https://promocja.chojnow.eu/index.php?menu=2&strona=2|title=Historia miasta|website=Chojnow.eu|author=Marta Kociuba|access-date=7 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> In 1292 the first [[castellan]] of Chojnów, Bronisław Budziwojowic, was mentioned. In the 14th and early 15th centuries Chojnów was granted various [[privilege (law)|privileges]], including [[staple right]] and gold mining right, thanks to which it flourished.<ref name=cho/>

The town survived the [[Hussite]]s, who burned almost the entire town center and castle, but it quickly helped recover its former glory. The largest boom Chojnów experienced was in the 16th century, however by the end of that century began to decline due to fires and epidemic, which claimed many victims in 1613. During the [[Thirty Years' War]] (1618–1648), there was another outbreak in the city, it was occupied by the [[Habsburg monarchy|Austrians]] and [[Swedish Empire|Swedes]]<ref name=cho/> and in 1642 it was also plundered by the Swedes.<ref name=sgk/> It remained part of the [[Piast dynasty|Piast]]-ruled [[Duchy of Legnica]] until its dissolution in 1675, when it was incorporated to [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg]]-ruled [[Kingdom of Bohemia|Bohemia]].
[[File:Chojnów. Restauracja na szczycie Wzgórza Chmielowego.jpg|thumb|Early 20th-century view of the Piast Park]]
In the 18th century, cloth production developed and a clothmaking school was established in the town.<ref name=cho/> One of two main routes connecting [[Warsaw]] and [[Dresden]] ran through the town in the 18th century and Kings [[Augustus II the Strong]] and [[Augustus III of Poland]] traveled that route numerous times.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dresden-warszawa.eu/pl/prolog/informacja-historyczna/|title=Informacja historyczna|website=Dresden-Warszawa|access-date=7 February 2020|language=pl}}</ref> In 1740 the town was captured by [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussia]] and subsequently annexed in 1742. In 1804 it suffered a flood.<ref name=cho/> During the [[Napoleonic wars]] there were more epidemics. In 1813 in Chojnów, [[Napoleon Bonaparte]] issued instructions regarding the reorganization of the 8th Polish Corps of Prince [[Józef Poniatowski]]. The event is commemorated by a plaque in the facade of the Piast Castle. A railway line was opened in the 19th century. [[Sewerage|Sewer]], [[Gas light]]ing a Newspaper and a hospital soon followed as the towns economy improved.

The city was not spared in [[World War II]], with 30% of the town being destroyed on February 10, 1945, when Soviet [[Red Army]] troops took the abandoned town.<ref name=cho/> After World War II and the implementation of the [[Oder-Neisse line]] in 1945, the town passed to the [[People's Republic of Poland|Republic of Poland]]. It was repopulated by Poles, expelled from [[Territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union|former eastern Poland annexed by the Soviet Union]]. In 1946 it was renamed ''Chojnów'', a more modern version of the old Polish ''Hajnów''. Also Greeks, [[refugees of the Greek Civil War]], settled in Chojnów.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Wojecki|first=Mieczysław|year=1980|title=Ludność grecko-macedońska na Dolnym Śląsku|journal=Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka|publisher=[[Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich]], Wydawnictwo [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|location=Wrocław|language=pl|volume=XXXV|issue=1|pages=95-96|issn=0037-7511}}</ref>

==Population==
{{Historical populations|align=left|cols=2|1633|500|1657|180|1742|400|1788|20176|1801|2314|1890|8115|1900|10142|1910|10461|1925|10227|1939|11114|1950|4531|1960|9583|2005|14510|2011|14367
|source=<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Dokumentacja Geograficzna|volume=3/4|year=1967|language=pl|location=Warszawa|publisher=Instytut Geografii [[Polish Academy of Sciences|Polskiej Akademii Nauk]]|page=7}}</ref>}}
{{clear|left}}

==Economy==
Chojnów is an industrial and agricultural town. Among local products are: paper, agricultural machinery, chains, metal furniture for hospitals, equipment for the [[meat industry]], beer, wine, leather clothing, and clothing for infants, children and adults.

==Sights and nature==
Among the interesting monuments of Chojnów are the 13th-century castle of the [[Duchy of Legnica|Dukes of Legnica]] (currently used as a museum), two old churches, the ''Baszta Tkaczy'' (''Weavers' Tower'') and preserved fragments of city walls.

The biggest green area in Chojnów is small forest ''Park Piastowski'' (''Piast's Park''), named after [[Piast dynasty]]. Wild animals that can be found in the Chojnów area are [[roe deer]], foxes, rabbits and wild domestic animals, especially cats.

==Culture and sport==
[[File:Dom Kultury Chojnów.jpg|thumb|Miejski Dom Kultury ("Municipal House of Culture")]]

Every year in the first days of June, the ''Days of Chojnów'' (''Dni Chojnowa'') are celebrated. The Whole-Poland bike race ''Masters'' has been organized yearly in Chojnów for the past few years.

Chojnów has a Municipal sports and recreation center formed in 2008 holding various events, festivals, reviews, exhibitions, and competitions. The regional Museum is housed in the old Piast era castle. The collections include tiles, relics, and the castle garden. Next to the Museum there is a municipal library. In śródmiejskim Park, near the Town Hall is the [[amphitheatre]].

The local government-run weekly newspaper is [[Gazeta Chojnowska]], which has been published since 1992.
It is published biweekly. Editions have a run of 900 copies and it is one of the oldest newspapers in Poland issued without interruption. The ''Chojnów'' is the official newspaper of Chojnów with copy run of 750 copies.

==Education==
[[File:Centrum Edukacyjne w Chojnowie.jpg|thumb|Education Centre in Chojnów]]
In Chojnów, there are two kindergartens, two elementary schools and two middle schools.
*Mary Konopnickiej is the smallest elementary school in Chojnów, and is located in the northern part of the city, close to the train station and founded in 1962.
*Janusz Korczak is the largest primary school in Chojnów in the southern part of the town.
*Middle School No. (Pope John Paul II), it is situated in the north-western part of the city next to the "Small Church".
*Gimnazjum nr 2 im. Nicolaus Copernicus is the largest high school in Chojnów.
*Liceum Ogólnokształcące im. Nicolaus Copernicus

==Religion==
Chojnów is in the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] deanery of Chojnów and has two parishes, Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary and also the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. Both parishes have active congregations.
There are also two Congregations of Jehovah's witnesses.<ref>[http://www.jw.org/apps/P_YBBXHC JW website in Poland].</ref>

==Notable people==
* [[Johann Wilhelm Ritter]] (1776–1810), chemist and [[physicist]]
* [[Georg Michaelis]] (1857–1936), politician, [[Chancellor of Germany]] (1917).<ref>{{Cite EB1922 |wstitle= Michaelis, Georg |volume = 31 |page=940 |short=1}}</ref>
* [[Edith Jacobson]] (1897–1978), German psychoanalyst
* [[Oswald Lange]] (1912–2000), German–American aerospace engineer 
* [[Horst Mahler]] (born 1936), German lawyer, former [[Red Army Faction]] militant, now [[Neo-Nazism|Neo-Nazi]] activist

==Twin towns – sister cities==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Poland}}

Chojnów is [[Sister city|twinned]] with:<ref>{{cite web |title=Dzieñ Partnerstwa Miast|url=http://chojnowska.e-informator.pl/pliki/chojnowska_227.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191010131041/http://chojnowska.e-informator.pl/pliki/chojnowska_227.pdf |archive-date=2019-10-10 |url-status=live|website=chojnowska.e-informator.pl|publisher=Gazeta Chojnówska|page=3|language=pl|date=2017-05-26|access-date=2019-10-10}}</ref>
*{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Commentry]], France
*{{flagicon|GER}} [[Egelsbach]], Germany
*{{flagicon|CZE}} [[Mnichovo Hradiště]], Czech Republic

==Gallery==
<gallery mode=packed>
Chojnow(js).jpg|Entrance to the Piast Castle
Chojnów, Ab-047.JPG|Flower beds in Chojnów
Chojnów, Wzgórze Chmielowe.jpg|Park Piastowski
Chojnów, Ratusz (2).jpg|Town hall
SM Chojnów kościół Niepokalanego Poczęcia NMP (5) ID 593383.jpg|Immaculate Conception Church
SM Chojnów Konarskiego4 (0).jpg|Nicolaus Copernicus Gymnasium No. 2
Chojnów, Ab-057.JPG|Monument to Polish soldiers killed in [[World War II]] and murdered in labour camps and [[Sybirak|exiled to Siberia]]
Łabędzi Staw.jpg|Swan's Pond (''Łabędzi Staw'') in winter
Chojnów, Dworzec kolejowy (2).jpg|Chojnów Railway Station
Chojnow 055 most kolejowy.jpg|Railway bridge
</gallery>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* {{cite EB9 |wstitle = Hainau |volume= XI |last= |first= |author-link= | page=375 |short=1}}
*[http://chojnow.eu City hall homepage] {{in lang|pl}}
*[http://e-informator.pl Chojnow social news portal] {{in lang|pl}}
*[http://www.chojnow.pl Chojnow Online] {{in lang|pl}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20061205013715/http://chojnow.info/ E-info about Chojnow] {{in lang|pl}}
*[http://www.haynau.pl Chojnow social news portal] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210513102317/http://www.haynau.pl/ |date=May 13, 2021 }} {{in lang|pl}}
*[http://www.sztetl.org.pl/en/city/chojnow/ Jewish Community in Chojnów] on Virtual Shtetl

{{Legnica County}}
{{Gmina Chojnów}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Cities and towns in Lower Silesian Voivodeship]]
[[Category:Legnica County]]
[[Category:Cities in Silesia]]