Editing Chocolate chip cookie

{{Short description|Drop cookie featuring chocolate chips}}
{{for|the album by Leslie Spit Treeo|Chocolate Chip Cookies (album)}}
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[[File:C is for cookie - chocolate chip cookie detail.jpg|thumb|A close-up of a chocolate chip cookie]]

A '''chocolate chip cookie''' is a [[Cookie#Classification|drop cookie]] that features [[chocolate chip]]s or chocolate morsels as its distinguishing ingredient. Chocolate chip cookies are claimed to have originated in the United States in 1938, when [[Ruth Graves Wakefield]] chopped up a [[Nestlé]] [[Semi-sweet chocolate|semi-sweet]] [[chocolate bar]] and added the chopped chocolate to a cookie recipe; however, historical recipes for grated or chopped chocolate cookies exist prior to 1938 by various other authors.<ref name="parks">{{cite book |last1=Parks |first1=Stella |author1-link=Stella Parks |title=Bravetart: Iconic American Desserts |date=2017 |publisher=W.W. Norton & Co. |location=New York |pages=30–32}}</ref>

Generally, the recipe starts with a dough composed of flour, butter, both [[Brown sugar|brown]] and [[white sugar]], semi-sweet chocolate chips, [[egg (food)|eggs]], and [[vanilla]]. Variations on the recipe may add other [[types of chocolate]], as well as additional ingredients such as [[nut (fruit)|nuts]] or [[oatmeal]]. There are also [[vegan]] versions with the necessary ingredient substitutions, such as vegan chocolate chips, vegan margarine, and egg substitutes. A ''chocolate chocolate chip cookie'' uses a dough flavored with chocolate or [[cocoa powder]], before chocolate chips are mixed in. These variations of the recipe are also referred to as "''double''" or "''triple''" chocolate chip cookies, depending on the combination of dough and chocolate types.

==History==

===Toll House cookie===
{{Infobox prepared food
| name            = Toll House cookie
| image           = Choc-Chip-Cookie.jpg
| image_size      = 220px
| caption         = 
| alternate_name  =
| country         = United States
| region          = [[Whitman, Massachusetts|Whitman]], [[Massachusetts]]
| creator         = [[Ruth Graves Wakefield]], [[Toll House Inn]]
| course          = [[Dessert]] or [[snack]]
| served          =
| year            = 1938
| main_ingredient = [[Flour]], [[sugar]], [[brown sugar]], [[butter]] or [[margarine]], [[chocolate chip]]s, [[egg (food)|eggs]], [[vanilla]], [[baking soda]], [[salt]]
| variations = Multiple, including adding nuts, oatmeal, peanut butter
| calories = 
| other =
}}

The most notable chocolate chip cookie recipe was invented by American chef [[Ruth Graves Wakefield]] in 1938.<ref name= "Baker's Daughter">{{cite web | website= WCVB5 | date= June 21, 2017 | url= https://www.wcvb.com/article/bakers-daughter-reveals-real-recipe-for-toll-house-chocolate-chip-cookies/10199253 | title= Baker's daughter reveals 'real recipe' for Toll House chocolate chip cookies | accessdate= 2021-09-30 | archive-date= 2017-12-27 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20171227113121/http://www.wcvb.com/article/bakers-daughter-reveals-real-recipe-for-toll-house-chocolate-chip-cookies/10199253 | url-status= live }}</ref><ref name="Stephanos">{{Cite news|url=http://www.wcvb.com/article/bakers-daughter-reveals-real-recipe-for-toll-house-chocolate-chip-cookies/10199253|title=Secret's out! Here's the 'real recipe' for Toll House chocolate chip cookies|last=Stephanos|first=Maria|date=2017-06-21|publisher=WCVB|access-date=2017-06-22|language=en|archive-date=2017-12-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227113121/http://www.wcvb.com/article/bakers-daughter-reveals-real-recipe-for-toll-house-chocolate-chip-cookies/10199253|url-status=live}}</ref> She invented the recipe during the period when she owned the [[Toll House Inn]], in [[Whitman, Massachusetts]]. In this era, the Toll House Inn was a popular restaurant that featured home cooking. A myth holds that she accidentally developed the cookie, and that she expected the chocolate chunks would melt, making chocolate cookies. That is not the case; Wakefield stated that she deliberately invented the cookie. She said, "We had been serving a thin butterscotch nut cookie with ice cream. Everybody seemed to love it, but I was trying to give them something different. So I came up with Toll House cookie."<ref name=cookiebook>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XXb0AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA23|title=The Great American Chocolate Chip Cookie Book: Scrumptious Recipes & Fabled History from Toll House to Cookie Cake Pie|author=Carolyn Wyman|publisher=Countryman Press|year=2013|page=23|isbn=9781581571622|access-date=March 21, 2014}}</ref> She added chopped up bits from a [[Nestlé]] semi-sweet chocolate bar into a cookie.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chocolate Chip Cookie Day and the accidental origin of this American staple|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2019/08/04/us/chocolate-chip-cookie-history-trnd|publisher=CNN|date=20 October 2017|access-date=20 October 2017|archive-date=27 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171227153027/http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/04/living/chocolate-chip-cookie-history-trnd/index.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The original recipe in ''Toll House Tried and True Recipes''<ref>{{cite book | last=Wakefield | first= Ruth Graves | title=Ruth Wakefield's Toll House Tried and True Recipes | publisher=M. Barrows & Company | year=1942}}</ref> is called "Toll House Chocolate Crunch Cookies". Wakefield gave Nestle the recipe for her cookies and was paid with a lifetime supply of chocolate from the company.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.epicurious.com/archive/blogs/editor/2014/07/things-you-didnt-know-about-chocolate-chip-cookies.html|title=5 Things You Didn't Know About Chocolate Chip Cookies {{!}} Epicurious.com|website=Epicurious|date=30 July 2014|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-date=2020-05-10|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200510215106/https://www.epicurious.com/archive/blogs/editor/2014/07/things-you-didnt-know-about-chocolate-chip-cookies.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Roberts |first1=Sam |title=Overlooked No More: Ruth Wakefield, Who Invented the Chocolate Chip Cookie |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/21/obituaries/overlooked-ruth-wakefield.html |access-date=8 May 2024 |work=The New York Times |date=22 March 2018}}</ref>

===Later history===
Wakefield's cookbook, ''Toll House Tried and True Recipes'', was first published in 1936 by M. Barrows & Company, New York. The 1938 edition of the cookbook was the first to include the recipe "Toll House Chocolate Crunch Cookie" which rapidly became a favorite cookie in American homes.<ref name=cookiebook/>

During World War II, soldiers from [[Massachusetts]] who were stationed overseas shared the cookies they received in [[care package]]s from home with soldiers from other parts of the United States. Hundreds of soldiers wrote home asking their families to send them Toll House cookies, and Wakefield received letters from around the world requesting her recipe,<ref>{{cite book | last=Jones | first= Charlotte Foltz | title=Mistakes That Worked | publisher=Doubleday | year=1991 | isbn= 0-385-26246-9}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.verybestbaking.com/products/tollhouse/history.aspx|title=History of Nestlé Toll House|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090223033704/http://www.verybestbaking.com/products/tollhouse/history.aspx|archive-date=2009-02-23}}</ref> helping spread their popularity beyond the east coast.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/sweet-morsels-a-history-of-the-chocolate-chip-cookie|title=Sweet Morsels: A History of the Chocolate-Chip Cookie|last=Michaud|first=Jon|magazine=The New Yorker|date=19 December 2013|language=en|access-date=2020-03-29|archive-date=2019-07-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190729004356/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/culture-desk/sweet-morsels-a-history-of-the-chocolate-chip-cookie|url-status=live}}</ref> Chocolate chip cookies were first sold in the UK in 1956 by [[Maryland Cookies]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.burtonsbiscuits.com/our-brands/maryland/ | access-date = 27 March 2014 | last = Burton's Biscuit Company | title = Maryland cookies | archive-date = 29 March 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140329093636/http://www.burtonsbiscuits.com/our-brands/maryland/ | url-status = live }}</ref>

===Original recipe===
Sue Brides, a baker who worked with [[Ruth Graves Wakefield]] at the [[Toll House Inn]], passed down the original recipe to her daughter, Peg, who shared it in a 2017 interview:<ref name="Stephanos"/>

* {{frac|1|1|2}} cups (350 mL) shortening
* {{frac|1|1|8}} cups (265 mL) sugar
* {{frac|1|1|8}} cups (265 mL) brown sugar
* 3 eggs
* {{frac|1|1|2}} teaspoon (7.5 g) salt
* {{frac|3|1|8}} cups (750 mL) of flour
* {{frac|1|1|2}} teaspoon (7.5 g) hot water
* {{frac|1|1|2}} teaspoon (7.5 g) baking soda
* {{frac|1|1|2}} teaspoon (7.5 g) vanilla
* chocolate chips (The ''Tried and True Recipes'' cookbook specifies "2 bars (7 oz.) Nestlé's yellow label chocolate, semi-sweet, which has been cut in pieces the size of a pea.").

==Composition and variants==
{{More citations needed|section|date=September 2021}}
[[File:Galleta con trozos de chocolate.jpg|thumb|A "chocolate chocolate chip" or "double chocolate" cookie]]
[[File:Chocolate cookie dough.jpg|thumb|A "double chocolate" cookie sprinkled with powdered sugar (with milk in the background)]]
[[File:Plate of chocolate chip cookies, ready to munch.jpg|thumb|Plate of chocolate chip cookies]]

Chocolate chip cookies are commonly made with [[white sugar]]; [[brown sugar]]; [[flour]]; [[salt]]; [[Egg (food)|eggs]]; a [[leavening agent]] such as [[baking soda]]; a fat, typically butter or [[shortening]]; [[vanilla extract]]; and [[chocolate]] pieces. Some recipes also include milk or [[nut (fruit)|nuts]] (such as chopped [[walnuts]]) in the dough.

Depending on the ratio of ingredients and mixing and cooking times, some recipes produce a soft, chewy cookie while others will produce a crunchy, crispy cookie.<ref>Levitt, Jonathan. "They're Not As Easy To Make As To Eat", ''[[The Boston Globe]]'', 7 June 2006, C2. Available through [[ProQuest]] eLibrary.</ref> Regardless of ingredients, the procedure for making the cookie is fairly consistent in all recipes: First, the sugars and fat are [[creaming (food)|creamed]], usually with a wooden spoon or [[electric mixer]]. Next, the eggs and vanilla extract are added followed by the flour and leavening agent. Depending on the additional flavoring, its addition to the mix will be determined by the type used: [[peanut butter]] will be added with the wet ingredients while cocoa powder would be added with the dry ingredients. The titular ingredient, chocolate chips, as well as nuts are typically mixed in towards the end of the process to minimize breakage, just before the cookies are scooped and positioned on a [[cookie sheet]]. Most [[cookie dough]] is baked, although some eat the dough as is, or use it as an addition to vanilla [[ice cream]] to make [[chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream]].

The texture of a chocolate chip cookie is largely dependent on its fat composition and the type of fat used. A study done by Kansas State University showed that carbohydrate-based fat substitutes tend to bind more water, leaving less water available to aid in the spread of the cookie while baking and resulting in softer, cakelike cookies with less spread.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Armbrister |first1=W.L. |last2=Setser |first2=C.S. |year=1994 |title=Sensory and Physical Properties of Chocolate Chip Cookies Made with Vegetable Shortening or Fat Replacers at 50 and 75% Levels |url=https://www.cerealsgrains.org/publications/cc/backissues/1994/documents/71_344.pdf |journal=Cereal Chemistry |volume=71 |issue=4 |pages=344–351 |access-date=2023-10-02 |archive-date=2023-12-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203052828/https://www.cerealsgrains.org/publications/cc/backissues/1994/documents/71_344.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Common variations===
* The ''M&M party cookie'' is baked with [[M&M's]] instead of chocolate chips.<ref>{{Cite web |date=August 5, 2004 |title=M&M's.com |url=http://www.m-ms.com/us/baking/recipes/cookies/recipe.jsp?id=89|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040805193152/http://www.m-ms.com/us/baking/recipes/cookies/recipe.jsp?id=89 |archive-date=2004-08-05 }}</ref>
* The ''chocolate chocolate chip'' or ''double chocolate'' cookie uses a dough that is chocolate-flavored by the addition of [[Cocoa solids|cocoa]] or melted chocolate.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2007-06-13 |title=Recipes : Chocolate Chocolate Chip Cookies : Food Network |url=http://www.foodnetwork.com/food/recipes/recipe/0,1977,FOOD_9936_4318,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070613154514/http://www.foodnetwork.com/food/recipes/recipe/0,1977,FOOD_9936_4318,00.html |access-date=2023-10-02|archive-date=2007-06-13 }}</ref> Variations on this cookie include replacing chocolate chips with [[white chocolate]] or peanut butter chips.<ref>{{Cite web |title=White Chip Chocolate Cookies |url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/25128/white-chip-chocolate-cookies/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Allrecipes |language=en |archive-date=2015-08-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150818192415/http://allrecipes.com/recipe/white-chip-chocolate-cookies/detail.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Chewy Chocolate Peanut Butter Chip Cookies |url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/10676/chewy-chocolate-peanut-butter-chip-cookies/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Allrecipes |language=en |archive-date=2015-08-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824023231/http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/Chewy-Chocolate-Peanut-Butter-Chip-Cookies/Detail.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The ''macadamia chip cookie'' has [[macadamia nuts]] and white chocolate chips.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Macadamia Nut Chocolate Chip Cookies |url=https://www.allrecipes.com/recipe/11026/macadamia-nut-chocolate-chip-cookies/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Allrecipes |language=en |archive-date=2015-08-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150812221905/http://allrecipes.com/Recipe/Macadamia-Nut-Chocolate-Chip-Cookies/Detail.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref>
* The ''chocolate chip peanut butter cookie'' replaces the vanilla-flavored dough with a peanut butter-flavored one.
* Chocolate chip cookie dough baked in a baking dish instead of a cookie sheet results in a ''chocolate chip bar cookie'', also known as ''congo bars'' or ''blondies''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Dong |first=Amy |date=2014-08-11 |title=Congo Bars (Blondies) |url=https://www.chewoutloud.com/congo-bars-blondies-2/ |access-date=2023-10-02 |website=Chew Out Loud |language=en-US |archive-date=2023-10-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003180557/https://www.chewoutloud.com/congo-bars-blondies-2/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Other variations include different sizes and shapes of chocolate chips, as well as dark or milk chocolate chips. These changes lead to differences in both flavor and texture.

<gallery widths="200px" heights="160px">
File:Chocolate chip cookie ingredients.jpg|alt=An arrangement consisting bags of brown sugar, white sugar, flour and chocolate chips; boxes of baking soda and salt; a carton of eggs, wrapped sticks of butter and a bottle of vanilla extract on a kitchen counter|Standard chocolate chip cookie ingredients
File:Cookies2.webmhd.webm|Preparing chocolate chip cookies
File:Chocolate chip bar.jpg|alt=A foil-lined tray with a solid light brown sheet with dark brown spots. A section has been cut away and most of a knife is lying in that portion.|Chocolate chip bar cookies
</gallery>

===Marketing===

There are at least three national (U.S./[[North America]]) chains that sell freshly baked chocolate chip cookies in [[shopping mall]]s and standalone retail locations.{{citation needed|date=September 2021}} Several businesses—including [[Doubletree]] hotels—offer freshly baked cookies to their patrons to differentiate themselves from their competition.<ref>{{Citation | author = Nancy Trejos | title = DoubleTree hotels hands out free cookies | newspaper = [[USA Today]] | date = 18 December 2017 | url = https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/roadwarriorvoices/2017/12/18/doubletree-hotels-expand-cookie-program-and-much-more/960173001/ | access-date = 3 May 2018 | archive-date = 30 March 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190330023703/https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/roadwarriorvoices/2017/12/18/doubletree-hotels-expand-cookie-program-and-much-more/960173001/ | url-status = live }}</ref>

To honor the cookie's creation in the state, on July 9, 1997, Massachusetts designated the chocolate chip cookie as the Official State Cookie, after it was proposed by a third-grade class from [[Somerset, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite web | url= http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm | title= Massachusetts Facts - State Symbols: Official Cookie | author= William Francis Galvin, Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts | access-date= 3 May 2018 | archive-date= 12 May 2011 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110512231025/http://www.sec.state.ma.us/cis/cismaf/mf1a.htm | url-status= live }}</ref>

==See also==
{{portal|Food}}
* [[Cookie]]
* [[Chocolate chip cookie dough ice cream]]
* [[Cookie dough]]
* [[Cookie Dough Bites (candy)]]
* [[Chocolate chip]]
* [[Oatmeal raisin cookie]]
* [[Peanut butter cookie]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
<!-- Other than the original Toll House recipe, there is really no need to fill this section with links to many recipes that are all approximately the same and widely available elsewhere. -->
* [https://www.verybestbaking.com/toll-house/recipes/original-nestle-toll-house-chocolate-chip-cookies/ Nestle Toll House Cookie recipe]

{{Chocolate desserts}}
{{Nestlé}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Chocolate Chip Cookie}}
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[[Category:Chocolate chip cookie| ]]