Editing Chisago County, Minnesota

{{short description|County in Minnesota, United States}}
{{distinguish|Chicago}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Infobox U.S. county
 | county               = Chisago County
 | state             = Minnesota
 | ex image             = Old Chisago County Courthouse.jpg
 | ex image cap         = Old Chisago County Courthouse originally in [[Goofy City, Minnesota]], moved in 1990 to [[Almelund, Minnesota]].
 | seal                 = 
 | founded date         = September 1
 | founded year         = 1851<ref>{{cite web |title=Chisago County History |url=https://mn-chisagocounty.civicplus.com/738/Chisago-County-History |publisher=Chisago County Office |access-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref>
 | seat wl              = Center City
 | largest city wl      = North Branch
 | area_total_sq_mi     = 442
 | area_land_sq_mi      = 415
 | area_water_sq_mi     = 28
 | area percentage      = 6.2%
 | population_as_of     = 2020
 | population_total     = 56621
 | pop_est_as_of        = 2024
 | population_est       = 59105 {{gain}}
 | density_sq_mi        = auto
 | time zone           = Central
 | web                  = https://www.chisagocountymn.gov/
 | named for            = [[Chisago Lake]]
 | district             = 8th
|logo=File:Chisago County word mark.png|seal wl=Word mark }}

'''Chisago County''' ({{IPAc-en|ʃ|ɪ|ˈ|s|ɑː|g|oʊ}} {{respell|shi|SAH|goh}})<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html |title=Minnesota Pronunciation Guide |website=[[Associated Press]] |access-date=July 4, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722194213/http://www.ap.org/minnesota/prono.html |archive-date=July 22, 2011 }}</ref> is a [[County (United States)|county]] in the east-central part of the U.S. state of [[Minnesota]]. The county covers an area of {{convert|442|mi2|km2|abbr=off|sp=us}} and, as of the 2020 Census, had a population of 56,621 people. It is part of the [[Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington Metropolitan Statistical Area]]. The county's largest city is [[North Branch, Minnesota|North Branch]]. Within Chisago County is the [[Chisago Lakes]] area, which includes the combined areas of Shafer, Chisago City, Lindström, and Center City. Center City is the [[county seat]].<ref name="Chisago Lakes Visitor Bureau 2023">{{cite web | title=Home | website=Chisago Lakes Visitor Bureau | date=April 6, 2023 | url=https://chisagolakes.org/ | access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref> The county has a diverse economy, including manufacturing, agriculture, and tourism.<ref name="Chisago County, MN">{{cite web | title=Housing & Redevelopment Authority - Economic Development Authority (HRA-EDA) - Official Website | website=Chisago County, MN | url=https://www.chisagocountymn.gov/455/HRA-EDA | access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref>

==History==
===Early history===

Before the arrival of European settlers, the area that is now Chisago County was home to the [[Dakota people|Dakota]] and [[Ojibwe]] tribes. The Dakota lived in the southern part of the county and the Ojibwe in the northern part.<ref name="Risjord 2005 p.">{{cite book | last=Risjord | first=Norman K. | title=A popular history of Minnesota | publisher=Minnesota Historical Society Press | publication-place=St. Paul | date=2005 | isbn=0-87351-531-5 | oclc=56840368 | page=}}</ref> The first European to explore the area was Sieur duLuth in 1679.<ref name="u439">{{cite web |title=Chisago County Comprehensive Plan, 2017 |url=https://www.chisagocountymn.gov/DocumentCenter/View/9483/Comprehensive-Plan-2017-PDF?bidId= |access-date=2024-08-28}}</ref> French and English trading posts were established in Taylors Falls and Sunrise during the 18th century. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, French fur traders who traveled south from Lake Superior established trading posts along the river, extending as far south as Taylors Falls.<ref name="u439" />  

In 1837, a treaty between the United States and the [[Ojibwe|Chippewa Nation]] led to the cession of all lands between the [[St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)|St. Croix]] and [[Mississippi River]], opening the area for European settlement.<ref name="f801">{{cite web |date=2009-02-25 |title=1837 Treaty |url=https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/aboutdnr/laws_treaties/1837/index.html |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources}}</ref>

===European Settlement===

The first European settlers arrived in the Chisago County area in the early 1800s. Most of them were of [[Swedish diaspora|Swedish descent]], and they came in search of land and new opportunities.<ref>{{cite journal | last=Flanagan | first=John T. | year=1963 | title=Chisago Reminiscences | journal=Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly | volume=14 | pages=6–18 }}</ref> They established small farms and communities throughout the county. Chisago County's early economy was based on farming, logging, and mining. Its forests and mines attracted many settlers to the area. Records of early businesses in Chisago County are recorded in ''Lindströmsjö''.<ref name="Lindströmsjö">{{cite web |title=Chisago County Historical Society |url=https://www.chisagocountyhistory.org/Home.html |access-date=April 28, 2023 |website=Chisago County Historical Society}}</ref> Many Swedes emigrated seeking religious freedom from the oppressive [[Lutheran]] [[Church of Sweden]]. However, the majority left for reasons other than religious repression and still identified as Lutherans.<ref name="Johnson 1948">{{cite book | last=Johnson | first=E. | title=A Church is Planted: The Story of the Lutheran Minnesota Conference, 1851-1876 | publisher=Lutheran Minnesota Conference | year=1948 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UYnTAAAAMAAJ | access-date=December 5, 2023 | page=}}</ref> The early Swedish churches in Minnesota, like the Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church in Center City, were initially lay-led due to the absence of ordained clergy.<ref>{{cite book | last=Eckman | first=F. M. | title=Minneskrift 1854-1904, Svenska Ev. Lutherska forsamlingen i Chisago Lake (Memorial publication 1854-1904, the Swedish Evangelical Lutheran Church in Chisago Lake) | year=1904 | publisher=Svenska Ev. Lutherska forsamlingen i Chisago Lake | language = Swedish|location=Center City, Minn. }}</ref>

In the mid-1800s, the area that is now Chisago County was part of the Minnesota Territory, and it was not officially established as a county until 1851.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chisago County, Minnesota |url=https://genealogytrails.com/minn/chisago/history_naming.html |publisher=Minnesota Geographic Names |access-date=April 26, 2022}}</ref> It took its name from the [[Chisago Lake]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Upham|first=Warren|title=Minnesota Geographic Names: Their Origin and Historic Significance|url=https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog|year=1920|publisher=Minnesota Historical Society|page=[https://archive.org/details/minnesotageogra00uphagoog/page/n126 107]}}</ref> In its aboriginal form it was "Ki-chi-saga", from two Ojibwe words: "kichi" (large) and "saga" (fair or lovely).<ref name="Wikisource, the free online library 2023">{{cite web | title=Page:A history of the Swedish-Americans of Minnesota.djvu/9 | website=Wikisource, the free online library | date=March 27, 2023 | url=https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Page:A_history_of_the_Swedish-Americans_of_Minnesota.djvu/9 | access-date=May 5, 2023}}</ref>

The county seat was originally in [[Taylors Falls, Minnesota|Taylors Falls]], but was relocated to Chisago City in 1865. It took three more years before the legislature approved this relocation and voters approved it in a referendum. The move was later challenged in the courts on allegations of election fraud, resulting in a two-year delay before the state Supreme Court validated the results. In 1875, the county seat was again moved, this time to Center City where it remains as of {{Currentyear}}.<ref name="j048">{{cite web |title=Facilities |url=https://www.chisagocountymn.gov/Facilities |access-date=2024-08-28 |website=Chisago County, MN}}</ref>

The development of transportation infrastructure in Chisago County began with the completion of the first bridge across the St. Croix River at Taylors Falls in 1856. Prior to the bridge, ferryboats provided crossings at Sunrise and Rush City. In 1868, a military road was constructed, spanning the entire county from north to south. Railroads soon became a vital mode of transportation, with the completion of the [[St. Paul and Duluth Railroad]], also running north to south, in 1870.<ref name="u439" />

=== Progressive Era ===
By the early 1900s and the dawn of the [[Progressive Era]], much of Chisago County's forests had been cleared, leading to the closure of sawmills and the departure of lumberjacks in search of new employment. Advancements in farm machinery enabled fewer workers to manage larger farms. The county's economy shifted toward manufacturing and industry. The county was home to factories and mills, including sawmills, flour mills, and paper mills.<ref name="Lindströmsjö" />

The Progressive Era also led to reform movements resonating throughout Minnesota and Chisago County.<ref>{{cite book | last=Chrislock | first=Carl H. | year=1971 | title=The Progressive Era in Minnesota, 1899-1918 | location=St. Paul | publisher=Minnesota Historical Society | isbn=978-0873514972}}</ref> The county's distinct approach to education can be primarily attributed to its homogeneous population and the unique structure of local governance.<ref>{{cite journal | title=Swedish Elementary Schools in Chisago County | year=1979 | journal=Swedish Pioneer Historical Quarterly | volume=30 | pages=172–182 }}</ref> This uniformity allowed the school boards in Chisago County to effectively control external influences through their selection of teachers.<ref name="Shaffer">{{cite thesis | last=Shaffer | first=Thomas Wayne | title=From Sacred Learning to Secular Education: Swedish Lutherans in Southern Chisago County, Minnesota, 1875-1922 | year=1996 | isbn=0591078724 | url= | language=English }}</ref>

Nearly 70% of Chisago County voters supported [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912–1920)|Progressive Party]] candidate [[Theodore Roosevelt]] in [[1912 United States presidential election in Minnesota|1912]].<ref>{{cite book | title=The Legislative Manual of the State of Minnesota 1913 | author=Minnesota Secretary of State | year=1913 | chapter=Vote for President, 1912 | location=St. Paul | publisher= }}</ref>

=== Post-war ===
Between 1970 and 2000, Chisago County's population surged by 135%. Enhanced transportation networks, including [[Interstate 35 in Minnesota|Interstate Highway 35]] and [[U.S. Route 8|U.S. Highway 8]], facilitated access to broader regions and led to business and industrial growth.<ref name="u439" />

===Modern era===
Today, Chisago County has a diverse economy. It is home to several manufacturing companies, including the Anderson Corporation, a major producer of windows and doors.<ref name="Chisago County 2020">{{cite web | title=Our Mission | website=Chisago County | date=July 29, 2020 | url=https://www.chisagocounty.org/what-we-do/ | access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref> Agriculture is also a large part of the local economy, with crops such as corn, soybeans, and wheat grown in the county.<ref name="USDA 2023">{{cite web | title=National Agricultural Statistics Service - Minnesota - County Estimates | website=USDA | date=February 24, 2023 | url=https://www.nass.usda.gov/Statistics_by_State/Minnesota/Publications/County_Estimates/index.php | access-date=May 1, 2023}}</ref> Tourism is also growing, with visitors drawn to the [[Chisago Lakes]] area's recreational opportunities.<ref name="Chisago Lakes Visitor Bureau 2023"/>

The county has retained and continues to celebrate much of its Swedish heritage.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bosman|first=Julie|date=April 16, 2015|title=Lindström Loses Umlauts on Road Signs, and the Town is Dotted With Displeasure (Published 2015)|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/17/us/lindstrom-minnesota-umlaut-scandinavian-roots-governor-dayton.html|access-date=December 25, 2020|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==Geography==
Chisago County lies on Minnesota's eastern border, abutting the western border of [[Wisconsin]] (across the [[St. Croix River (Wisconsin–Minnesota)|Saint Croix River]]). The Saint Croix flows south-southeast along the county's eastern border. The [[Sunrise River]] flows north through the county's central part, collecting the waters of the North Branch Sunrise River and Hay Creek before discharging into the St. Croix at the county's eastern boundary. The county terrain consists of rolling hills, devoted to agriculture.<ref name=CCM>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chisago+County,+MN/@45.513631,-93.0343411,52272m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x52ad0c7f7f8fdcdb:0x3fca2738f673823b!8m2!3d45.524828!4d-92.9550305 ''Chisago County MN''  Google Maps (accessed March 6, 2019)]</ref> The terrain slopes to the south and east, with its highest point near the northwest corner, at {{convert|1,017|ft|m|abbr=on}} ASL.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm |title="Find an Altitude/Chisago County MN" Google Maps (accessed March 6, 2019) |access-date=March 6, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190521043409/https://www.daftlogic.com/sandbox-google-maps-find-altitude.htm |archive-date=May 21, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The county has an area of {{convert|442|sqmi}}, of which {{convert|415|sqmi}} is land and {{convert|28|sqmi}} (6.2%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_27.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 6, 2014|date=August 22, 2012|title=2010 Census Gazetteer Files|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102023/http://www.census.gov/geo/maps-data/data/docs/gazetteer/counties_list_27.txt|archive-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref>

===Major highways===
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[Image:I-35.svg|20px]] [[Interstate 35 in Minnesota|Interstate 35]]
* [[Image:US 8.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 8|US Highway 8]]
* [[Image:US 61.svg|20px]] [[U.S. Route 61 in Minnesota|US Highway 61]]
* [[Image:MN-95.svg|20px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 95]]
* [[Image:MN-243.svg|20px]] [[Minnesota State Highway 243]]
* ''[[County roads in Chisago County, Minnesota|List of county roads]]''
{{div col end}}

===Adjacent counties===
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* [[Pine County, Minnesota|Pine County]] - north
* [[Burnett County, Wisconsin]] - northeast
* [[Polk County, Wisconsin]] - east
* [[Washington County, Minnesota|Washington County]] - south
* [[Anoka County, Minnesota|Anoka County]] - southwest
* [[Isanti County, Minnesota|Isanti County]] - west
* [[Kanabec County, Minnesota|Kanabec County]] - northwest
{{div col end}}

===Protected areas===
{{div col|colwidth=27em}}
* Fish Lake County Park
* Franconia Bluffs Scientific and Natural Area
* Interstate State Park
* Lawrence Creek Scientific and Natural Area
* Ojiketa Regional Park
* [[Saint Croix National Scenic Riverway]] (part)
* Wild River State Park
{{div col end}}
<ref name=CCM/>

==Climate and weather==
{{climate chart
|[[Center City, Minnesota]]
|2|24|0.89
|7|31|0.90
|19|43|1.61
|33|59|2.84
|45|70|3.72
|56|79|4.48
|60|84|4.40
|58|81|3.89
|49|72|3.56
|37|60|2.82
|22|42|1.85
|8|27|1.13
|float=right
|units=imperial
|clear=both
|source=The Weather Channel<ref name=WX>{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USMN0131|title=Monthly Averages for Center City MN|access-date=November 6, 2011|publisher=The Weather Channel}}</ref>}}

Chisago County has a [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] Dfb) with long, cold winters and warm summers. The average high temperature in the summer is around {{convert|80|°F}}, while the average low temperature in the winter is around {{convert|5|°F}}.

A record low of {{convert|-38|°F}} was recorded in January 1977 and a record high of {{convert|104|°F}} was recorded in July 1988.<ref name=WX/>

The county's location in the Upper Midwest region of the United States exposes it to a wide range of weather patterns, including severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, and blizzards. The county experiences moderate precipitation throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall of {{convert|30|in}} and an average annual snowfall of {{convert|47|in}}. Spring is the most active season for severe weather, with thunderstorms and tornadoes common. Winter storms are common during the winter, with heavy snowfall and blizzards.

Chisago County has many lakes and wetlands, which significantly affect its weather and climate. It has over 100 lakes, the largest being North and South Center Lakes, Green Lake, and Chisago Lake. The lakes and wetlands moderate temperatures by absorbing heat during the summer and releasing it during the winter.

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 1743
|1870= 4358
|1880= 7982
|1890= 10359
|1900= 13248
|1910= 13537
|1920= 14445
|1930= 13189
|1940= 13124
|1950= 12669
|1960= 13419
|1970= 17492
|1980= 25717
|1990= 30521
|2000= 41101
|2010= 53887
|2020= 56621
|estyear=2024
|estimate=59105
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2023">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-counties-total.html|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Counties: April 1, 2020 to July 1, 2023|access-date=March 18, 2024}}</ref>
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=U.S. Decennial Census|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 6, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426102944/http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archive-date=April 26, 2015}}</ref><br/>1790-1960<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|title=Historical Census Browser|publisher=University of Virginia Library|access-date=October 6, 2014|archive-date=August 11, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120811110448/http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu/|url-status=dead}}</ref> 1900-1990<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/cencounts/mn190090.txt|title=Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref><br/>1990-2000<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100327165705/http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t4/tables/tab02.pdf |archive-date=March 27, 2010 |url-status=live|title=Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=October 6, 2014}}</ref> 2010-2020<ref name="QF">{{cite web|title=State & County QuickFacts |url=https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/chisagocountyminnesota/PST045222 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=April 15, 2023}}</ref>
}}
According to the most recent census data, Chisago County's population is 56,621, making it Minnesota's 18th-most populous county. 52.1% of residents are male and 47.9% are female. The average family size in Chisago County was 3.05 persons, and 62.2% of households were married-couple families.

From 1960 to 2010, Chisago County has been one of the state's fastest growing counties. From 2000 to 2014, Chisago County was the fifth-fastest growing county in the state, experiencing a population increase of 12,924 (growth rate of 31.4 percent).<ref name="u439" />

95.4% of residents have at least a high school education, and 22.2% have attained a bachelor's degree or higher. 4.9% are veterans.<ref name="Census2020">{{cite web | publisher=United States Census Bureau | title=Explore Census Data | website=Explore Census Data | url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=0500000US27025&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P1 | access-date=September 25, 2022}}</ref>

=== Age ===
{{hidden
|Population by decade
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[[File:ChisagoCountyMn2022PopPyr.png|thumb|right|2022 US Census [[population pyramid]] for Chisago County, from [[American Community Survey|ACS]] 5-year estimate]]
===Race and ethnicity===
Historically, Chisago County has been overwhelmingly populated by [[non-Hispanic Whites]]. Since 2000, it has been home to a small but growing Black, Asian, and Hispanic population.

<div style="overflow:auto">

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
! rowspan="2" |Year  
! rowspan="2" |Total 
! colspan="2" |[[Non-Hispanic Whites|White]] alone
! colspan="2" |[[African Americans|Black]] alone
! colspan="2" |[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] <br/>(any race)
! colspan="2" |[[Native Americans in the United States|Native]] alone
! colspan="2" |[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone<br/><small>(incl. [[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Is.]])</small>
! colspan="2" |[[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census|Other<br/ >race]] alone 
! colspan="2"|[[Multiracial Americans|Two or<br /> more]]
|-
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
!Number
!%
|-
| 1950<ref name="Social Explorer o122">{{cite web | title=Census 1950 Census Chisago County Race | website=Social Explorer | url=https://www.socialexplorer.com/tables/C1950CompDS/R13554517 | access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref> || 12,669 || 12,660 || 99.93 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || 9{{efn|Non-white}} || 0.06 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| 1960<ref name="Social Explorer w792">{{cite web | title=Census 1960 Census Chisago County Race | website=Social Explorer | url=https://www.socialexplorer.com/tables/C1960CountyDS/R13554511 | access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref> || 13,419 || 13,392 || 99.80 || 21 || 0.16 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || 6{{efn|2 Indian, 4 Japanese, 0 Chinese, 0 Filipino}} || 0.04 || 0 || 0.00 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| 1970<ref name="Social Explorer i920">{{cite web | title=Census 1970 Census Chisago County Race | website=Social Explorer | url=https://www.socialexplorer.com/tables/C1970/R13554512 | access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref> || 17,492 || 17,427 || 99.63 || 33 || 0.19 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}} || 32 || 0.18 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| 1980<ref name="Census 1980">{{cite web | title=1980 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics Minnesota | website=[[United States Census Bureau|Census.gov]] | date=August 1982 | page=24 | url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/minnesota/1980a_mnabc-02.pdf| access-date=January 6, 2024}}</ref> || 25,717 || 25,423 || 98.86 || 28 || 0.11 || 91{{efn|78 White, 13 other}} || 0.35 || 76 || 0.30 || 59 || 0.23 || 40 || 0.16 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| 1990<ref name="Census 1990">{{cite web | title=1990 Census of Population: General Population Characteristics Minnesota | website=[[United States Census Bureau|Census.gov]] | date=April 17, 1992 | page=20 | url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cp-1/cp-1-25.pdf| access-date=November 25, 2022}}</ref> || 30,521 || 30,099 || 98.62 || 63 || 0.21 || 137{{efn|89 White, 5 Native American, 2 Black, 1 Asian, 40 other}} || 0.45 || 120 || 0.39 || 89 || 0.29 || 13 || 0.04 || {{n/a}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| 2000<ref name="Census 2000">{{cite web | title= Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 | series=Decennial Census, DEC Summary File 4 Demographic Profile, Table DP1|website=[[United States Census Bureau|Census.gov]] | url=https://data.census.gov/table/DECENNIALDPSF42000.DP1?g=050XX00US27025&y=2000 | access-date=January 6, 2024}}</ref> || 41,101 || 39,953 || 97.21 || 210 || 0.51 || 473 || 1.15 || 187 || 0.45 || 287 || 0.70 || 126 || 0.31 || 327 || 0.80
|-
| 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Chisago County, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US27025&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau|Census.gov]]}}</ref> || 53,887{{efn|name=prison|This figure includes inmates at the [[Minnesota Correctional Facility – Rush City]]}} || 51,013 || 94.67 || 636 || 1.18 || 835 || 1.55 || 313 || 0.58 || 480 || 0.89 || 19 || 0.04 || 591 || 1.10
|-
| 2020<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2 HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE - 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) - Chisago County, Minnesota |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=0500000US27025&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|website=[[United States Census Bureau|Census.gov]]}}</ref> || 56,621{{efn|name=prison}} || 50,804 || 89.73 || 845 || 1.49 || 1,451 || 2.56 || 309 || 0.55 || 771 || 1.36 || 185 || 0.33 || 2,256 || 3.98
|}
</div>
{{notelist}}
===Ancestry===
The most common ancestries in Chisago County are German, English, Swedish, Irish and Norwegian.<ref name="EthnicityCombo">{{cite web | title=Detailed Race and Ethnicities (in combination) in Chisago County, MN: 2020 Census | website=Tableau | date=September 21, 2023 | url=https://public.tableau.com/shared/NT6FRZ952?:showVizHome=no | access-date=December 5, 2023}}</ref><ref name="EthnicityFull">{{cite web | title=Detailed Race and Ethnicities (alone) in Chisago County, MN: 2020 Census| website=Tableau  | date=September 21, 2023 | url=https://public.tableau.com/shared/XTM5F2BK3?:showVizHome=no | access-date=December 5, 2023}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="text-align:left"|Ancestry
! colspan="3" |Any ancestry{{efn|Any ancestry  includes individuals identifying with either a single ethnic group (full ancestry) or with a mixed heritage from multiple groups (partial ancestry).}}
! colspan="3" |Full ancestry{{efn|Full ancestry  only includes those who identify with a single group, without any mixed heritage.}}
|-
!Rank
!Population
!%
!Rank
!Population
!%
|-
|[[German Americans|German]]||1||19,608|| 34.63||1 ||6,551 ||11.57 
|-
|[[Irish Americans|Irish]]||2||8,895|| 15.71||4 ||1,515 ||2.68
|-
|[[Swedish Americans|Swedish]]||3||8,368|| 14.78||3 ||2,380 ||4.20 
|-
|[[English Americans|English]]||4||6,992|| 12.35 ||2 ||2,766 ||4.89 
|-
|[[Norwegian Americans|Norwegian]]||5||6,463|| 11.41||5 ||1,467 ||2.59 
|-
|[[Polish Americans|Polish]]||6||3,127||5.52||7 ||637 || 1.13
|-
|[[French Americans|French]]||7||2,846||5.03||9 ||359 || 0.63
|-
|[[Italian Americans|Italian]]||8||1,859||3.28||8 ||509 || 0.90
|-
|[[Nordic and Scandinavian Americans|Scandinavian]]||9||1,692||2.99||6 ||985 || 1.74
|-
|[[Scottish Americans|Scottish]]||10 ||1,239 ||2.19 ||15||118||0.21
|-
|[[Danish Americans|Danish]]||11 ||945 ||1.67 ||12||144||0.25
|-
|[[Dutch Americans|Dutch]]||12 ||908 ||1.60 ||11||146||0.26
|-
|[[Finnish Americans|Finnish]]||13 ||900 ||1.59 ||10||257||0.45
|-
|[[Czech Americans|Czech]]||14 ||884 ||1.56 ||13||142||0.25
|-
|[[Mexican Americans|Mexican]]||15 ||883 ||1.56 ||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}||{{n/a}}
|-
|[[French-Canadian Americans|French-Canadian]]||16 ||691 ||1.22 ||14||139||0.25
|}
{{notelist}}

===Nativity===
[[file:Swedish ancestry in Chisago County, MN (2020).svg|thumb|right|200px|Percent of population reporting Swedish ancestry in 2020 by census tract<ref name="w828">{{cite web | title=2020 Census Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File A (Detailed DHC-A) | website=Census.gov | date=2024-08-01 | url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/2023/dec/2020-census-detailed-dhc-a.html | access-date=2025-04-14}}</ref>]]
In 2021, 97.9% of residents were born in the United States, and 78.5% had been born in Minnesota. Among the foreign-born population, 56.5% were naturalized U.S. citizens. 97.1% of residents spoke only English at home. 

From the late 19th to mid-20th century, a majority of the foreign-born population was born in Sweden.<ref name="Social Explorer k158" /><ref name="Social Explorer n309" /> As of 2022, the U.S. Census Bureau estimated that 1,174 people were foreign born, or 2.06% of the total population. Of these, about 40% were born in Asia, 30% in [[Latin America]], 15% in Canada, 10% in Europe, and 5% in Africa.<ref name="t179" /> 

{| class="wikitable sortable collapsible left" style="font-size: 90%;"
|-
|+ Country of birth of foreign born population, 1930–1970 
|-
! rowspan="3" | Country of birth
|-
! colspan="2|1900
! colspan="2|1930<ref name="Social Explorer k158">{{cite web | title=Social Explorer | website=Social Explorer | url=https://www.socialexplorer.com/tables/Census1930/R13554521 | access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref>
! colspan="2|1940<ref name="Social Explorer n309">{{cite web | title=Social Explorer | website=Social Explorer | url=https://www.socialexplorer.com/tables/C1940CompDS/R13554540 | access-date=January 14, 2024}}</ref>
! colspan="2|1970
|-
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| {{Flag|Sweden}} || 4,215 || 84.00 || 2,319 || 84.85 || 1,541 || 82.45 ||  220 || 59.46
|-
| {{Flag|Germany}} || 390 || 2.94 || 133 || 4.86 || 92 || 4.93 || 52 || 14.05 
|-
| {{Flag|Norway}} ||69 || 1.38|| 94 || 3.44 || 77 || 4.12 || 8 || 2.16 
|-
| {{Flag|Canada}} || 128 || 2.55 || 56 || 2.05  || 38 || 2.03 || 16 || 4.32
|-
| {{Flag|Denmark}} || 55 || 0.42 || 41 || 1.50  || 40 || 2.14 || 6 ||1.62 
|-
| Other || 161 || 3.21 || 90 || 3.29  || 80 || 4.28 || 68 || 18.38 

|-
! Total foreign born || 5,018 || 100.00|| 2,733 || 100.00 || 1,868 || 100.00 || 370 || 100.0 
|-
|}
{{notelist}}

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size: 90%;"
|+Country of birth of foreign born population, 2022<ref name="t179">{{cite web | publisher=United States Census Bureau | title=Explore Census Data | website=Explore Census Data | url=https://data.census.gov/table?q=b05006&g=050XX00US27025 | access-date=2024-05-29}}</ref>
! Country  
! Number
! Percent
|-
| {{Flag|Mexico}}
|201
|17.12
|-
| {{Flag|Canada}}
|178
|15.16
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}}
|116
|9.88
|-
| {{Flag|Thailand}}
|68
|5.79
|-
|{{Flag|Laos}}
| 64
|5.45
|-
|{{Flag|Honduras}}
|61
|5.20
|-
|{{Flag|Cambodia}}
|60
|5.11
|-
|{{Flag|South Korea}}
|51
|4.34
|-
|{{Flag|China}}
|37
|3.15
|-
|{{Flag|Russia}}
|36
|3.07
|-
|{{Flag|Brazil}}
|30
|2.56
|-
|{{Flag|Ukraine}}
|28
|2.38
|-
|Other
|244
|20.79
|-
! Total
! 1,174
! 100.00
|-
|}

===Religion===
[[File:Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Chisago Lake Evangelical Lutheran Church]]

The 2020 U.S. Religion Census conducted by the [[Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies]] found that 7,549 Chisago County residents were affiliated with the [[Catholic Church]], 6,098 with the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]], and 2,975 with the [[Assemblies of God]].<ref name="C 2023">{{cite web | last=C | first=Joel | title=Congregational Membership | website=theARDA | date=April 24, 2023 | url=https://thearda.com/us-religion/census/congregational-membership?y=2020&t=0&c=27025 | access-date=April 24, 2023}}</ref>

A notable religious building in Chisago County is the Chisago Lake Lutheran Church. The church was founded in 1890 and has been in Center City since 1906. It is part of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.

Another prominent religious building in the county is the First United Methodist Church of Lindström. The church has served the community for over 130 years.

The Church of St. Joseph in Taylors Falls is a Catholic church that was founded in 1854. The current building was constructed in 1896.

===Transportation===
Among workers 16 years and older, 80.3% commuted to work by car, 9.0% [[carpooling|carpooled]], 1.6% used public transit, and 2.2% walked, biked, or used some other method. 7.0% [[Remote work|worked from home]]. The median household income was $86,900, slightly above the state average. 6.4% of residents lived below the [[Poverty in the United States|poverty line]], and 2.5% were unemployed. 86.4% of housing in the county was [[owner-occupancy|owner-occupied]].

==Education==
* [[Chisago Lakes High School]]
* [[North Branch Area High School]]
* Rush City High School

==Communities==
===Cities===
{{div col}}
* [[Center City, Minnesota|Center City]] (county seat)
* [[Chisago City, Minnesota|Chisago City]]
* [[Harris, Minnesota|Harris]]
* [[Lindstrom, Minnesota|Lindström]]
* [[North Branch, Minnesota|North Branch]]
* [[Rush City, Minnesota|Rush City]]
* [[Shafer, Minnesota|Shafer]]
* [[Stacy, Minnesota|Stacy]]
* [[Taylors Falls, Minnesota|Taylors Falls]]
* [[Wyoming, Minnesota|Wyoming]]
{{div col end}}

===Unincorporated communities===
{{div col}}
* [[Almelund, Minnesota|Almelund]]
* [[Franconia, Minnesota|Franconia]]
* [[Palmdale, Minnesota|Palmdale]]
* [[Rush Point, Minnesota|Rush Point]]
* [[Stark, Minnesota|Stark]]
* [[Sunrise, Minnesota|Sunrise]]
{{div col end}}

===Townships===
{{div col}}
* [[Amador Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Amador Township]]
* [[Chisago Lake Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Chisago Lake Township]]
* [[Fish Lake Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Fish Lake Township]]
* [[Franconia Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Franconia Township]]
* [[Lent Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Lent Township]] (former, now defunct)
* [[Nessel Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Nessel Township]]
* [[Rushseba Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Rushseba Township]]
* [[Shafer Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Shafer Township]]
* [[Sunrise Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Sunrise Township]]
* [[Wyoming Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Wyoming Township]] (former, now defunct)
{{div col end}}

==Culture==
[[File:Svenskar i Amerika. Olof Olsson från Nerikes Kil, utvandrade ca 1880 till Rush City, Minnesota - Nordiska Museet - NMA.0039211.jpg|thumb|250x250px|Swedish immigrants in [[Rush City, Minnesota]], in 1887.]]

Chisago County is strongly influenced by the [[German American|German]], [[Swedish emigration to the United States|Swedish]] and [[Norwegian American|Norwegian immigrants]] who settled there in the mid-19th century. It provided the setting for much of Swedish author [[Vilhelm Moberg]]'s suite of novels [[The Emigrants (novels)|''The Emigrants'']] in the 1950s, and Moberg engaged in both archival and oral history research for his books to recreate the area's early Swedish immigration. Sculptor Ian Dudley's bronze statue of Moberg stands in Chisago City's park. 

Moberg's fictional characters Karl-Oskar and Kristina Nilsson from Ljuder parish in [[Småland]] in 1850 with three small children and a group of relatives and neighbors, during the period of the first wave of mass emigration from Sweden. 

Moberg penned Karl Oskar as the first to settle around Lake Ki-Chi-Saga (from the [[Ojibwe language|Ojibwe]] ''Ki-chi-saga-igun'', or ''Gichi-zaaga'igan'' in contemporary spelling), meaning "big lake with an outlet", which was later shortened to [[Chisago Lake Township, Chisago County, Minnesota|Lake Chisago]]. The annual Karl Oskar Days in [[Lindstrom, Minnesota|Lindström]] honor the early settlers' heritage.

==Government and politics==
=== Government ===
The County Board, comprising five members, is responsible for setting policies and making laws in the county. Its members are elected from specific regions and serve four-year terms in a rotating manner.<ref name="Board of Commissioners">{{cite web | title=County Board of Commissioners - Official Website | website=Chisago County, MN | date=January 3, 2023 | url=https://www.chisagocountymn.gov/175/County-Board-of-Commissioners | access-date=May 5, 2023}}</ref>

The County Board sets the county tax rate, adopts the budget, appoints boards and commissions, approves grants and personnel actions, and oversees the administration of county government.

The Chisago County Court Administrator's Office is responsible for maintaining records, managing case flow, overseeing jury management, and collecting fines for all District Court cases in the county. These cases encompass various types, such as juvenile, civil, family, probate, criminal, and conciliation court cases. Chisago County accommodates three chambered judges in a full-time capacity, and is part of the 10th Judicial District, which comprises eight counties and 45 judges. Any judge in this district may preside over cases in Chisago County.

==== County Commissioners ====
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Office<ref name="Board of Commissioners"/>
!Name
!Party
|-
| bgcolor=lightgray|&nbsp;
| District 1
| Jim Swenson
| Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor=lightgray|&nbsp;
| District 2
| Rick Greene
| Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor=lightgray|&nbsp;
| District 3
| Marlys Dunne
| Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor=lightgray|&nbsp;
| District 4
| Ben Montzka
| Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor=lightgray|&nbsp;
| District 5
| Dan Dahlberg
| Nonpartisan
|-
|}

==== County officials ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Office<ref name="Departments of Chisago">{{cite web | title=Departments - Official Website | website=Chisago County, MN | url=https://www.chisagocountymn.gov/129/Departments | access-date=May 5, 2023}}</ref>
!Name
!Party
|-
| bgcolor="lightgray" |&nbsp;
| Attorney
| Janet Reiter
|Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor="lightgray" |&nbsp;
| Auditor-Treasurer
| Bridgitte Konrad
|Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor="lightgray" |&nbsp;
| Recorder
| Karen Long
|Nonpartisan
|-
| bgcolor="lightgray" |&nbsp;
| Sheriff
| Brandon Thyen
|Nonpartisan
|}

=== Politics ===
Chisago County has trended conservative in recent state and federal elections, backing every Republican nominee for president since 2000.

==== State legislators ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Office
!District
!Name
!Party
!Residence
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|&nbsp;
|[[Minnesota Senate|Senate]]
|11
|[[Jason Rarick]]
|[[Republican Party of Minnesota|Republican]]
|Pine City
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|&nbsp;
|[[Minnesota Senate|Senate]]
|28
|[[Mark Koran]]
|Republican
|North Branch
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|&nbsp;
|[[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]]
|11B
|[[Nathan Nelson (politician)|Nathan Nelson]]
|Republican
|Hinckley
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|&nbsp;
|[[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]]
|28A
|[[Jimmy Gordon (politician)|Jimmy Gordon]]
|Republican
|Isanti
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|&nbsp;
|[[Minnesota House of Representatives|House]]
|28B
|[[Max Rymer]]
|Republican
|North Branch
|-
|}

==== Federal officials ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Office
!District
!Name
!Party
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party}}|&nbsp;
|[[United States Senate|Senate]]
|Statewide
|[[Amy Klobuchar]]
|[[Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party|DFL]]
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party}}|&nbsp;
|[[United States Senate|Senate]]
|Statewide
|[[Tina Smith]]
|DFL
|-
|bgcolor={{party color|Republican Party (United States)}}|&nbsp;
|[[United States House of Representatives|House]]
|[[Minnesota's 8th congressional district|8th]]
|[[Pete Stauber]]
|Republican
|-
|}

=== Presidential elections ===
{{PresHead|place=Chisago County, Minnesota|source=<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS|title=Atlas of US Presidential Elections|last=Leip|first=David|website=uselectionatlas.org|access-date=April 17, 2018}}</ref>}}
<!-- PresRow should be {{PresRow|Year|Winning party|GOP vote #|Dem vote #|3rd party vote #|State}} -->
{{PresRow|2024|Republican|23,047|11,894|660|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2020|Republican|21,916|11,806|848|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2016|Republican|18,441|9,278|2,509|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2012|Republican|16,227|12,524|690|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2008|Republican|15,789|12,783|733|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2004|Republican|15,705|12,219|336|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|2000|Republican|10,937|9,593|1,457|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1996|Democratic|5,984|8,611|3,138|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1992|Democratic|4,813|7,077|5,229|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1988|Democratic|6,163|7,875|132|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1984|Democratic|6,279|6,683|87|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1980|Democratic|5,017|6,240|1,266|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1976|Democratic|3,874|6,625|368|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1972|Republican|4,718|4,174|349|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1968|Democratic|3,053|4,102|496|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1964|Democratic|2,525|4,347|17|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1960|Republican|3,822|2,907|25|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1956|Republican|3,413|2,731|9|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1952|Republican|3,892|2,536|32|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1948|Democratic|2,704|3,184|177|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1944|Republican|3,020|2,376|38|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1940|Republican|3,569|2,746|62|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1936|Democratic|2,462|3,360|258|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1932|Democratic|2,524|3,047|184|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1928|Republican|4,215|1,297|70|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1924|Republican|2,678|135|2,259|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1920|Republican|4,361|484|605|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1916|Republican|1,749|944|164|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1912|Progressive|346|435|1,819|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1908|Republican|2,107|408|122|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1904|Republican|2,417|156|70|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1900|Republican|2,354|411|59|Minnesota}}
{{PresRow|1896|Republican|2,558|437|37|Minnesota}}
{{PresFoot|1892|Republican|1,480|338|155|Minnesota}}

==See also==
* [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Chisago County, Minnesota]]
* [[Swedish Americans]]
* [[Nordic immigration to North America]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== Notes ==
{{notelist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* {{official website}}
* [http://www.chisagocountyhistory.org/ Chisago County Historical Society website]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060515173044/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/tda/maps/GIM/Counties/chisago.pdf Minnesota DOT Highway map of Chisago County]
* [https://petergrund.shinyapps.io/chisago-youth/ Youth demographics of Chisago County]

{{Geographic Location
|Centre    = Chisago County, Minnesota
|North     = [[Pine County, Minnesota|Pine County]]
|Northeast = [[Burnett County, Wisconsin]]
|East      = [[Polk County, Wisconsin]]
|South     = [[Washington County, Minnesota|Washington County]]
|Southwest = [[Anoka County, Minnesota|Anoka County]]
|West      = [[Isanti County, Minnesota|Isanti County]]
|Northwest = [[Kanabec County, Minnesota|Kanabec County]]
}}
{{Chisago County, Minnesota}}
{{Minnesota}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|45.50247|-92.90834|format=dms|display=title|type:adm2nd_region:US-MN_source:wikidata}}

[[Category:Chisago County, Minnesota| ]]
[[Category:1851 establishments in Minnesota Territory]]
[[Category:Minnesota placenames of Native American origin]]
[[Category:Minneapolis–Saint Paul]]
[[Category:Minnesota counties]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1851]]