Editing Chinese constellations

{{Short description|Groupings used in Chinese astrology}}
{{Redirect|Chinese stars|the American rock band|The Chinese Stars}}

[[File:Suzhou star cartography.jpg|thumb|Reproduction of the [[Suzhou star chart]] (13th century)]]
Traditional [[Chinese astronomy]] has a system of dividing the [[celestial sphere]] into [[Asterism (astronomy)|asterism]]s  or [[constellation]]s, known as "officials" ([[Chinese language|Chinese]] {{linktext|lang=zh|星|官}} ''xīng guān'').<ref>{{lang|zh|星官}} literally translates to "star official". The English translation "officials" is used in Hsing-chih T'ien and Will Carl Rufus, ''The Soochow astronomical chart'', Ann Arbor : Univ. of Michigan Press, 1945.
</ref>

The Chinese asterisms are generally smaller than the constellations of [[Hellenistic astrology|Hellenistic tradition]]. 
The [[Song dynasty]] (13th-century) [[Suzhou planisphere]] shows a total of 283 asterisms, comprising a total of 1,565  [[Traditional Chinese star names|individual stars]].<ref>Hsing-chih T'ien and Will Carl Rufus, ''The Soochow astronomical chart'', Ann Arbor : Univ. of Michigan Press, 1945, p. 4. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015071688480&view=1up&seq=1</ref>
The asterisms are divided into four groups, the [[Twenty-Eight Mansions]] ({{linktext|lang=zh|二十八|宿}}, ''Èrshíbā Xiù'') along the ecliptic, and the Three Enclosures of the northern sky. 
The southern sky was added as a fifth group in the late [[Ming dynasty]] based on European star charts, comprising an additional 23 asterisms.

The Three Enclosures ({{linktext|lang=zh|三|垣}}, ''Sān Yuán'') include the [[Purple Forbidden Enclosure]], which is centered on the [[north celestial pole]] and includes those stars which could be seen year-round,<ref name="needy">Needham, J. "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/74275 Astronomy in Ancient and Medieval China]". ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London''. Series A, ''Mathematical and Physical Sciences'', Vol. 276, No. 1257, ''The Place of Astronomy in the Ancient World'' (May 2, 1974), pp. 67{{ndash}}82. Accessed 9 Oct 2012.</ref> while the other two straddle the celestial equator.

The Twenty-Eight Mansions form an [[ecliptic coordinate system]] used for those stars visible (from China) but not during the whole year, based on the movement of the Moon over a [[lunar month]].<ref>[http://www.lamost.org/~yzhao/history/xiu28.html {{lang|zh|二十八宿的形成与演变}}]</ref>

== History ==
{{further|Chinese star maps|Song of the Sky Pacers}}

The Chinese system developed independently from the Greco-Roman system since at least the 5th century BC, although there may have been  earlier mutual influence, suggested by parallels to ancient [[Babylonian astronomy]].<ref>Xiaochun Sun, Jacob Kistemaker, ''The Chinese sky during the Han'', vol. 38 of Sinica Leidensia, BRILL, 1997, {{ISBN|978-90-04-10737-3}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=87lvBoFi8A0C&pg=PA7 p. 7f.] and [https://books.google.com/books?id=87lvBoFi8A0C&pg=PA18 p. 18], note 9.
The authors, citing Needham, ''[[Science and Civilisation in China]]'' vol. 3 (1959), p. 177, speculate that both the Babylonian [[MUL.APIN]] and the cardinal star names in the ''[[Book of Documents|Yáo diǎn]]'' suggest an ultimate origin in [[Sumer]]ian astronomy of about 2300 BC (based on calculations regarding the [[precession of the equinoxes]]), or approximately the reign of [[Sargon of Akkad]].</ref>

The system of twenty-eight lunar mansions is  very similar (although not identical) to the [[Indian astronomy|Indian]] ''[[Nakshatra]]'' system, and it is not currently known if there was mutual influence in the history of the Chinese and Indian systems.

The oldest extant [[Chinese star maps]] date to the [[Tang dynasty]]. Notable among them are the 8th-century ''[[Treatise on Astrology of the Kaiyuan Era]]'' and [[Dunhuang Star Chart]].
It contains collections  of earlier Chinese astronomers ([[Shi Shen]], [[Gan De]] and [[Wu Xian (astronomer)|Wu Xian]]) as well as of [[Indian astronomy]] (which had reached China in the [[Silk Road transmission of Buddhism|early centuries AD]]).
Gan De was a [[Warring States]] era (5th century BC) astronomer who according to the testimony of the Dunhuang Star Chart
enumerated 810 stars in 138 asterisms. The Dunhuang Star Chart itself has 1,585 stars grouped into 257 asterisms.

The number of asterisms, or of stars grouped into asterisms, never became fixed, but remained in the same order of magnitude (for the purpose of comparison, the star catalogue compiled by [[Ptolemy]] in the 2nd century had 1,022 stars in 48 constellations).
The 13th-century Suzhou star chart has  1,565 stars in 283 asterisms, the 14th-century Korean [[Cheonsang Yeolcha Bunyajido]] has  1,467 stars in 264 asterisms, and the celestial globe made by Flemish Jesuit [[Ferdinand Verbiest]] for the [[Kangxi Emperor]] in 1673 has 1,876 stars in 282 asterisms.{{citation needed|date=April 2015}}

The southern sky was unknown to the ancient Chinese and is consequently not included in the traditional system. With [[Fernão Pires de Andrade|European contact]] in the 16th century, [[Xu Guangqi]], an astronomer of the late [[Ming Dynasty|Ming dynasty]], introduced another 23 asterisms based on European star charts.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sun | first=Xiaochun | title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures | year=1997 | page=910}}</ref> The "Southern Asterisms" ({{lang|zh|近南極星區}}) are now also treated as part of the traditional Chinese system.

==Terminology==
The Chinese word for "star, heavenly body" is {{lang|zh|星}} {{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|xīng}}.
The [[Chinese characters|character]] {{lang|zh|星}} originally had a more complicated form: {{lang|zh|曐}}, a phono-semantic character ({{linktext|形聲字}}) whose semantic portion, {{lang|zh|晶}}, originally depicting three twinkling stars (three instances of the "sun" radical {{lang|zh|[[日]]}}).

The modern Chinese term for "constellation", referring to those as defined by the IAU system, is {{lang|zh|星座}} ({{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|xīng zuò}}). The older term {{lang|zh|星官}} ({{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|xīng guān}}) is used only in describing constellations of the traditional system. The character {{lang|zh|官}}'s main meaning is "public official" (hence the English translation "officials" for the Chinese asterisms), it historically could also meant "official's residence".<ref>''[[Ministry of Education Mandarin Chinese Dictionary]]'' (《教育部國語辭典》), [https://dict.revised.moe.edu.tw/dictView.jsp?ID=159993&la=1&powerMode=0 "entry 官"], quote: (2.宦吏的居處。)</ref><ref>Example usage in ''[[Analects]]'', "Zi Zhang"; quote: (不得其門而入，不見宗廟之美，百'''官'''之富。), Eno's translation: "without entering through the gate, one could not see the beauty of the ancestral hall hall and the richness of the many '''buildings'''."</ref>

The generic term for "asterism" is {{lang|zh|星群}} ({{lang|zh-latn-pinyin|xīng qún}}, lit. "group of stars").

==Three Enclosures==
The Three Enclosures are the [[Purple Forbidden enclosure]] ({{linktext|lang=zh|紫|微|垣}}, ''Zǐ Wēi Yuán''), the [[Supreme Palace enclosure]] ({{linktext|lang=zh|太|微|垣}}, ''Tài Wēi Yuán'') and the [[Heavenly Market enclosure]] ({{linktext|lang=zh|天|市|垣}}, ''Tiān Shì Yuán'').

The Purple Forbidden Enclosure occupies the northernmost area of the night sky. From the viewpoint of the ancient Chinese, the Purple Forbidden Enclosure lies in the middle of the sky and is circled by all the other stars.
It covers the Greek constellations  Ursa Minor, Draco, Camelopardalis, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, Auriga, Boötes, 
and parts of Ursa Major, Canes Venatici, Leo Minor and Hercules.

The Supreme Palace Enclosure covers the Greek constellations Virgo, Coma Berenices and Leo, 
and parts of Canes Venatici, Ursa Major and Leo Minor.

The Heavenly Market Enclosure covers the Greek constellations  Serpens, Ophiuchus, Aquila and Corona Borealis, 
and  parts of Hercules.

The Three Enclosures are each enclosed by two "wall" asterisms, designated {{lang|zh|垣}} ''yuán'' "low wall, fence; enclosure" (not to be confused with the lunar mansion "[[Wall (Chinese constellation)|"Wall"]]  {{lang|zh|壁}}):

*Purple Forbidden Left Wall 	{{lang|zh|紫微左垣}} (Cassiopeia / Cepheus / Draco)
*Purple Forbidden Right Wall 	{{lang|zh|紫微右垣}} (Draco / Ursa Major / Camelopardalis)
*Supreme Palace Left Wall 	{{lang|zh|太微左垣}} (Virgo / Coma Berenices)
*Supreme Palace Right Wall 	{{lang|zh|太微右垣}} (Leo / Virgo)
*Heavenly Market Left Wall 	{{lang|zh|天市左垣}} (Hercules / Serpens / Ophiuchus / Aquila)
*Heavenly Market Right Wall 	{{lang|zh|天市右垣}} (Serpens / Ophiuchus / Hercules)

==The Twenty-Eight Mansions==
{{main|Twenty-Eight Mansions}}
[[File:星象图.svg|400px|right|thumb|A modern star chart showing the traditional Chinese asterisms, with the 28 mansions indicated on the border of each hemisphere.{{Citation needed|reason=Does not seem to match other sources, and it's plainly visible that there are 24 markings on the borders, not 28.|date=January 2022}}]]

The Twenty-Eight Mansions are grouped into [[Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)|Four Symbols]], each associated with a compass direction and containing seven mansions. The names and determinative stars are:<ref>{{cite web | url=http://idp.bl.uk/education/astronomy/sky.html | archive-url=https://archive.today/20120710131750/http://idp.bl.uk/education/astronomy/sky.html | archive-date=2012-07-10 | title=The Chinese Sky | publisher=[[International Dunhuang Project]] | access-date=2011-06-25 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book | last=Sun | first=Xiaochun | editor=Helaine Selin | editor-link=Helaine Selin | title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures  | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=raKRY3KQspsC&pg=PA517 | year=1997 | page=517 | publisher=[[Kluwer Academic Publishers]] | isbn=0-7923-4066-3 | access-date=2011-06-25}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan="2" align="center"|[[Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)|Four Symbols]]<br />({{lang|zh|四象}}) !! colspan="4" align="center" | Mansion ({{lang|zh|宿}})
|-
! Number !! Name ([[pinyin]]) !! Translation !! Determinative star
|-
|rowspan="7" |'''[[Azure Dragon|Azure Dragon<br />of the East]] <br />({{lang|zh|東方青龍}})<br />Spring'''
| 1 || {{lang|zh|角}} (Jué/Jiăo) || [[Horn (Chinese constellation)|Horn]] || [[Spica|α Vir]]
|-
| 2 || {{lang|zh|亢}} (Kàng) || [[Neck (Chinese constellation)|Neck]] || [[Kappa Virginis|κ Vir]]
|-
| 3 || {{lang|zh|氐}} (Dī) || [[Root (Chinese constellation)|Root]] || [[Alpha Librae|α Lib]]
|-
| 4 || {{lang|zh|房}} (Fáng) || [[Room (Chinese constellation)|Room]] || [[Pi Scorpii|π Sco]]
|-
| 5 || {{lang|zh|心}} (Xīn) || [[Heart (Chinese constellation)|Heart]] || [[Alpha Scorpii|α Sco]]
|-
| 6 || {{lang|zh|尾}} (Wěi) || [[Tail (Chinese constellation)|Tail]] || [[Mu Scorpii|μ Sco]]
|-
| 7 || {{lang|zh|箕}} (Jī) || [[Winnowing Basket (Chinese constellation)|Winnowing Basket]] || [[Gamma Sagittarii|γ Sgr]]
|-
|rowspan="7" |'''[[Black Tortoise|Black Tortoise<br />of the North]] <br />({{lang|zh|北方玄武}})<br />Winter'''
| 8 || {{lang|zh|斗}} (Dǒu) || (Southern) [[Dipper (Chinese constellation)|Dipper]] || [[Phi Sagittarii|φ Sgr]]
|-
| 9 || {{lang|zh|牛}} (Niú) || [[Ox (Chinese constellation)|Ox]] || [[Beta Capricorni|β Cap]]
|-
| 10 || {{lang|zh|女}} (Nǚ) || [[Girl (Chinese constellation)|Girl]] || [[Epsilon Aquarii|ε Aqr]]
|-
| 11 || {{lang|zh|虛}} (Xū) || [[Emptiness (Chinese constellation)|Emptiness]] || [[Beta Aquarii|β Aqr]]
|-
| 12 || {{lang|zh|危}} (Wéi/Wēi) || [[Roof (Chinese constellation)|Roof]] || [[Alpha Aquarii|α Aqr]]
|-
| 13 || {{lang|zh|室}} (Shì) || [[Encampment (Chinese constellation)|Encampment]] || [[Alpha Pegasi|α Peg]]
|-
| 14 || {{lang|zh|壁}} (Bì) || [[Wall (Chinese constellation)|Wall]] || [[Gamma Pegasi|γ Peg]]
|-
|rowspan="7" |'''[[White Tiger (Chinese astronomy)|White Tiger<br />of the West]] <br />({{lang|zh|西方白虎}})<br />Fall'''
| 15 || {{lang|zh|奎}} (Kuí) || [[Legs (Chinese constellation)|Legs]] || [[Eta Andromedae|η And]]
|-
| 16 || {{lang|zh|婁}} (Lóu) || [[Bond (Chinese constellation)|Bond]] || [[Beta Arietis|β Ari]]
|-
| 17 || {{lang|zh|胃}} (Wèi) || [[Stomach (Chinese constellation)|Stomach]] || [[35 Arietis|35 Ari]]
|-
| 18 || {{lang|zh|昴}} (Mǎo) || [[Hairy Head (Chinese constellation)|Hairy Head]] || [[Electra (star)|17 Tau]]
|-
| 19 || {{lang|zh|畢}} (Bì) || [[Net (Chinese constellation)|Net]] || [[Epsilon Tauri|ε Tau]]
|-
| 20 || {{lang|zh|觜}} (Zī) || [[Turtle Beak (Chinese constellation)|Turtle Beak]] || [[Lambda Orionis|λ Ori]]
|-
| 21 || {{lang|zh|參}} (Cǎn/Shēn) || [[Three Stars (Chinese constellation)|Three Stars]] || [[Zeta Orionis|ζ Ori]]
|-
|rowspan="7" |'''[[Vermilion Bird|Vermilion Bird<br />of the South]]   <br />({{lang|zh|南方朱雀}})<br />Summer'''
| 22 || {{lang|zh|井}} (Jǐng) || [[Well (Chinese constellation)|Well]] || [[Mu Geminorum|μ Gem]]
|-
| 23 || {{lang|zh|鬼}} (Guǐ) || [[Ghost (Chinese constellation)|Ghost]] || [[Theta Cancri|θ Cnc]]
|-
| 24 || {{lang|zh|柳}} (Liǔ) || [[Willow (Chinese constellation)|Willow]] || [[Delta Hydrae|δ Hya]]
|-
| 25 || {{lang|zh|星}} (Xīng) || [[Star (Chinese constellation)|Star]] || [[Alphard|α Hya]]
|-
| 26 || {{lang|zh|張}} (Zhāng) || [[Extended Net (Chinese constellation)|Extended Net]] || [[Upsilon1 Hydrae|υ¹ Hya]]
|-
| 27 || {{lang|zh|翼}} (Yì) || [[Wings (Chinese constellation)|Wings]] || [[Alpha Crateris|α Crt]]
|-
| 28 || {{lang|zh|軫}} (Zhěn) || [[Chariot (Chinese constellation)|Chariot]] || [[Gamma Corvi|γ Crv]]
|}

==The Southern Asterisms==

The sky around the south [[celestial pole]] was unknown to ancient Chinese. Therefore, it was not included in the [[Three Enclosures]] and [[Twenty-Eight Mansions]] system. However, by the end of the [[Ming Dynasty|Ming dynasty]], [[Xu Guangqi]] introduced another 23 asterisms based on the knowledge of European star charts.<ref>{{cite book | last=Sun | first=Xiaochun | title=Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures | year=1997 | page=910}}</ref> These asterisms were since incorporated into the traditional Chinese star maps.

The asterisms are:

{| class = "wikitable" 
|- 
! '''English name''' || '''Chinese name''' || '''Number of stars'''||'''Hellenistic Constellation'''
|-
| Sea and Mountain || {{lang|zh|海山}} (Hǎi Shān) || 4 || [[Carina (constellation)|Carina]]/[[Centaurus]]/[[Musca]]/[[Vela (constellation)|Vela]]
|- 
| [[Crux in Chinese astronomy|Cross]] || {{lang|zh|十字架}} (Shí Zì Jià) || 4 || [[Crux]]
|- 
| Horse's Tail || {{lang|zh|馬尾}} (Mǎ Wěi) || 3 || [[Centaurus]]
|- 
| Horse's Abdomen || {{lang|zh|馬腹}} (Mǎ Fù) || 3 || [[Centaurus]]
|- 
| Bee || {{lang|zh|蜜蜂}} (Mì Fēng) || 4  || [[Musca]]
|- 
| Triangle || {{lang|zh|三角形}} (Sān Jiǎo Xíng) || 3 || [[Triangulum Australe]]
|- 
| Exotic Bird || {{lang|zh|異雀}} (Yì Què) || 9 || [[Apus]] / [[Octans]]
|- 
| Peacock || {{lang|zh|孔雀}} (Kǒng Què) || 11 || [[Pavo (constellation)|Pavo]]
|- 
| Persia || {{lang|zh|波斯}} (Bō Sī) || 11 || [[Indus (constellation)|Indus]] / [[Telescopium]]
|- 
| Snake's Tail || {{lang|zh|蛇尾}} (Shé Wěi) || 4 || [[Octans]] / [[Hydrus]]
|- 
| Snake's Abdomen || {{lang|zh|蛇腹}} (Shé Fù) || 4 || [[Hydrus]]
|- 
| Snake's Head || {{lang|zh|蛇首}} (Shé Shǒu) || 2 || [[Hydrus]] / [[Reticulum]]
|- 
| [[Tucana in Chinese astronomy|Bird's Beak]] || {{lang|zh|鳥喙}} (Niǎo Huì) || 7 || [[Tucana]]
|- 
| Crane || {{lang|zh|鶴}} (Hè) || 12 || [[Grus (constellation)|Grus]] / [[Tucana]]
|- 
| Firebird || {{lang|zh|火鳥}} (Huǒ Niǎo) || 10  || [[Phoenix (constellation)|Phoenix]] / [[Sculptor (constellation)|Sculptor]]
|- 
| Crooked Running Water || {{lang|zh|水委}} (Shuǐ Wěi) || 3 || [[Eridanus (constellation)|Eridanus]] / [[Phoenix (constellation)|Phoenix]]
|- 
| White Patches Nearby<ref name="magellanic" group="n">"White Patches" refers to the [[Magellanic Clouds]].</ref> || {{lang|zh|附白}} (Fù Bái) || 2  || [[Hydrus]]
|- 
| White Patches Attached<ref name="magellanic" group="n"/> || {{lang|zh|夾白}} (Jiā Bái) || 2 || [[Reticulum]] / [[Dorado]]
|- 
| Goldfish || {{lang|zh|金魚}} (Jīn Yú) || 5 || [[Dorado]]
|- 
| Sea Rock || {{lang|zh|海石}} (Hǎi Dàn) || 5  || [[Carina (constellation)|Carina]]
|- 
| Flying Fish || {{lang|zh|飛魚}} (Fēi Yú) || 6  || [[Volans]]
|- 
| Southern Boat || {{lang|zh|南船}} (Nán Chuán) || 5 || [[Carina (constellation)|Carina]]
|- 
| Little Dipper || {{lang|zh|小斗}} (Xiǎo Dǒu) || 9 ||[[Chamaeleon]]
|}
<references group="n"/>

==Chinese star names==
{{main|Chinese star names}}
Ancient Chinese astronomers designated names to the visible stars systematically, roughly more than one thousand years before [[Johann Bayer]] did it in a similar way. Basically, every star is assigned to an asterism. Then a number is given to the individual stars in this asterism. Therefore, a star is designated as "Asterism name" + "Number". The numbering of the stars in an asterism, however, is not based on the apparent magnitude of this star, but rather its position in the asterism. The Bayer system uses this Chinese method occasionally, most notably with the stars in the [[Big Dipper]], which are all about the same magnitude; in turn, the stars of the Big Dipper, {{lang|zh|北斗}} in Chinese, are numbered in Chinese astronomy in the same order as with the Bayer designations, with [[Dubhe]] first in both cases.

For example, [[Altair]] is named {{lang|zh|河鼓二}} in Chinese. {{lang|zh|河鼓}} is the name of the asterism (literally the Drum at the River). {{lang|zh|二}} is the number designation (two). Therefore, it literally means "the Second Star of the Drum at the River". (Bayer might have called Altair "Beta Tympani Flumine" if he had been cataloguing Chinese constellations.)

Some stars also have traditional names, often related to [[mythology]] or [[astrology]]. For example, [[Altair]] is more commonly known as {{lang|zh|牛郎星}} or {{lang|zh|牵牛星}} (the Star of the Cowherd) in Chinese, after the mythological story of the [[Cowherd and Weaver Girl]].

These designations are still used in modern Chinese astronomy. All stars for which the traditional names are used in English are routinely translated by their traditional Chinese designations, rather than translations of their catalogue names.

===By modern IAU constellation===
The following is a list of the  [[88 modern constellations|88 IAU constellations]] with the Chinese translation of their names. 
Each linked article provides a list of the (traditional) Chinese names of the stars within each (modern) constellation.{{clarify|date=April 2015}}<!--a very weird on-wiki approach which should probably be re-arranged-->

{{Col-begin}}

{{Col-4}}
*[[Andromeda (Chinese astronomy)|Andromeda]] ({{lang|zh|仙女座}})
*Antlia ({{lang|zh|唧筒座}})
*[[Apus (Chinese astronomy)|Apus]] ({{lang|zh|天燕座}})
*[[Aquarius (Chinese astronomy)|Aquarius]] ({{lang|zh|寶瓶座}})
*[[Aquila (Chinese astronomy)|Aquila]] ({{lang|zh|天鷹座}})
*[[Ara (Chinese astronomy)|Ara]] ({{lang|zh|天壇座}})
*[[Aries (Chinese astronomy)|Aries]] ({{lang|zh|白羊座}})
*[[Auriga (Chinese astronomy)|Auriga]] ({{lang|zh|御夫座}})
*[[Boötes (Chinese astronomy)|Boötes]] ({{lang|zh|牧夫座}})
*Caelum ({{lang|zh|雕具座}})
*[[Camelopardalis (Chinese astronomy)|Camelopardalis]] ({{lang|zh|鹿豹座}})
*[[Cancer (Chinese astronomy)|Cancer]] ({{lang|zh|巨蟹座}})
*[[Canes Venatici (Chinese astronomy)|Canes Venatici]] ({{lang|zh|獵犬座}})
*[[Canis Major (Chinese astronomy)|Canis Major]] ({{lang|zh|大犬座}})
*[[Canis Minor (Chinese astronomy)|Canis Minor]] ({{lang|zh|小犬座}})
*[[Capricornus (Chinese astronomy)|Capricornus]] ({{lang|zh|摩羯座}})
*[[Carina (Chinese astronomy)|Carina]] ({{lang|zh|船底座}})
*[[Cassiopeia (Chinese astronomy)|Cassiopeia]] ({{lang|zh|仙后座}})
*[[Centaurus (Chinese astronomy)|Centaurus]] ({{lang|zh|半人馬座}})
*[[Cepheus (Chinese astronomy)|Cepheus]] ({{lang|zh|仙王座}})
*[[Cetus (Chinese astronomy)|Cetus]] ({{lang|zh|鯨魚座}})
*[[Chamaeleon (Chinese astronomy)|Chamaeleon]] ({{lang|zh|蝘蜓座}})

{{Col-4}}
*[[Circinus (Chinese astronomy)|Circinus]] ({{lang|zh|圓規座}})
*[[Columba (Chinese astronomy)|Columba]] ({{lang|zh|天鴿座}})
*[[Coma Berenices (Chinese astronomy)|Coma Berenices]] ({{lang|zh|后髮座}})
*[[Corona Australis (Chinese astronomy)|Corona Australis]] ({{lang|zh|南冕座}})
*[[Corona Borealis (Chinese astronomy)|Corona Borealis]] ({{lang|zh|北冕座}})
*[[Corvus (Chinese astronomy)|Corvus]] ({{lang|zh|烏鴉座}})
*[[Crater (Chinese astronomy)|Crater]] ({{lang|zh|巨爵座}})
*[[Crux (Chinese astronomy)|Crux]] ({{lang|zh|南十字座}})
*[[Cygnus (Chinese astronomy)|Cygnus]] ({{lang|zh|天鵝座}})
*[[Delphinus (Chinese astronomy)|Delphinus]] ({{lang|zh|海豚座}})
*[[Dorado (Chinese astronomy)|Dorado]] ({{lang|zh|劍魚座}})
*[[Draco (Chinese astronomy)|Draco]] ({{lang|zh|天龍座}})
*[[Equuleus (Chinese astronomy)|Equuleus]] ({{lang|zh|小馬座}})
*[[Eridanus (Chinese astronomy)|Eridanus]] ({{lang|zh|波江座}})
*[[Fornax (Chinese astronomy)|Fornax]] ({{lang|zh|天爐座}})
*[[Gemini (Chinese astronomy)|Gemini]] ({{lang|zh|雙子座}})
*[[Grus (Chinese astronomy)|Grus]] ({{lang|zh|天鶴座}})
*[[Hercules (Chinese astronomy)|Hercules]] ({{lang|zh|武仙座}})
*[[Horologium (Chinese astronomy)|Horologium]] ({{lang|zh|時鐘座}})
*[[Hydra (Chinese astronomy)|Hydra]] ({{lang|zh|長蛇座}})
*[[Hydrus (Chinese astronomy)|Hydrus]] ({{lang|zh|水蛇座}})
*[[Indus (Chinese astronomy)|Indus]] ({{lang|zh|印第安座}})

{{Col-4}}
*[[Lacerta (Chinese astronomy)|Lacerta]] ({{lang|zh|蝎虎座}})
*[[Leo (Chinese astronomy)|Leo]] ({{lang|zh|獅子座}})
*[[Leo Minor (Chinese astronomy)|Leo Minor]] ({{lang|zh|小獅座}})
*[[Lepus (Chinese astronomy)|Lepus]] ({{lang|zh|天兔座}})
*[[Libra (Chinese astronomy)|Libra]] ({{lang|zh|天秤座}})
*[[Lupus (Chinese astronomy)|Lupus]] ({{lang|zh|豺狼座}})
*[[Lynx (Chinese astronomy)|Lynx]] ({{lang|zh|天貓座}})
*[[Lyra (Chinese astronomy)|Lyra]] ({{lang|zh|天琴座}})
*Mensa ({{lang|zh|山案座}})
*[[Microscopium (Chinese astronomy)|Microscopium]] ({{lang|zh|顯微鏡座}})
*[[Monoceros (Chinese astronomy)|Monoceros]] ({{lang|zh|麒麟座}})
*[[Musca (Chinese astronomy)|Musca]] ({{lang|zh|蒼蠅座}})
*Norma ({{lang|zh|矩尺座}})
*[[Octans (Chinese astronomy)|Octans]] ({{lang|zh|南極座}})
*[[Ophiuchus (Chinese astronomy)|Ophiuchus]] ({{lang|zh|蛇夫座}})
*[[Orion (Chinese astronomy)|Orion]] ({{lang|zh|獵戶座}})
*[[Pavo (Chinese astronomy)|Pavo]] ({{lang|zh|孔雀座}})
*[[Pegasus (Chinese astronomy)|Pegasus]] ({{lang|zh|飛馬座}})
*[[Perseus (Chinese astronomy)|Perseus]] ({{lang|zh|英仙座}})
*[[Phoenix (Chinese astronomy)|Phoenix]] ({{lang|zh|鳳凰座}})
*[[Pictor (Chinese astronomy)|Pictor]] ({{lang|zh|繪架座}})
*[[Pisces (Chinese astronomy)|Pisces]] ({{lang|zh|雙魚座}})

{{Col-4}}
*[[Piscis Austrinus (Chinese astronomy)|Piscis Austrinus]] ({{lang|zh|南魚座}})
*[[Puppis (Chinese astronomy)|Puppis]] ({{lang|zh|船尾座}})
*[[Pyxis (Chinese astronomy)|Pyxis]] ({{lang|zh|羅盤座}})
*[[Reticulum (Chinese astronomy)|Reticulum]] ({{lang|zh|網罟座}})
*[[Sagitta (Chinese astronomy)|Sagitta]] ({{lang|zh|天箭座}})
*[[Sagittarius (Chinese astronomy)|Sagittarius]] ({{lang|zh|人馬座}})
*[[Scorpius (Chinese astronomy)|Scorpius]] ({{lang|zh|天蝎座}})
*[[Sculptor (Chinese astronomy)|Sculptor]] ({{lang|zh|玉夫座}})
*[[Scutum (Chinese astronomy)|Scutum]] ({{lang|zh|盾牌座}})
*[[Serpens (Chinese astronomy)|Serpens]] ({{lang|zh|巨蛇座}})
*[[Sextans (Chinese astronomy)|Sextans]] ({{lang|zh|六分儀座}})
*[[Taurus (Chinese astronomy)|Taurus]] ({{lang|zh|金牛座}})
*[[Telescopium (Chinese astronomy)|Telescopium]] ({{lang|zh|望遠鏡座}})
*[[Triangulum (Chinese astronomy)|Triangulum]] ({{lang|zh|三角座}})
*[[Triangulum Australe (Chinese astronomy)|Triangulum Australe]] ({{lang|zh|南三角座}})
*[[Tucana (Chinese astronomy)|Tucana]] ({{lang|zh|杜鵑座}})
*[[Ursa Major (Chinese astronomy)|Ursa Major]] ({{lang|zh|大熊座}})
*[[Ursa Minor (Chinese astronomy)|Ursa Minor]] ({{lang|zh|小熊座}})
*[[Vela (Chinese astronomy)|Vela]] ({{lang|zh|船帆座}})
*[[Virgo (Chinese astronomy)|Virgo]] ({{lang|zh|室女座}})
*[[Volans (Chinese astronomy)|Volans]] ({{lang|zh|飛魚座}})
*[[Vulpecula (Chinese astronomy)|Vulpecula]] ({{lang|zh|狐狸座}})
{{Col-end}}

==See also==
* [[Chinese calendar]]
* [[Chinese star maps]]
* [[Dunhuang Star Chart]]
* [[Five elements (Chinese)]]
* [[Four Symbols (Chinese constellation)]]
* [[Lunar mansion]]
* [[Nakshatra]]
* [[Traditional Chinese star names]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

== Further reading ==
* ''[[Book of Jin]]'', volume 11–13 ({{lang|zh|晉書·天文志}})
* ''[[Huainanzi]]'', volume 3 ({{lang|zh|淮南子·天文訓}})

== External links ==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080117162040/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/StarShine/HKSkyMap/e_starshine_hkskymap.htm Hong Kong Space Museum: ''Interactive Star Maps''] (download)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20100810114313/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/Research/StarName/e_research_chinengstarzone_b.htm Hong Kong Space Museum: ''English-Chinese Glossary of Chinese Star Regions, Asterisms and Star Name'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080828020216/http://www.lcsd.gov.hk/CE/Museum/Space/StarShine/Starlore/e_starshine_starlore.htm Hong Kong Space Museum: ''Chinese Starlore'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060315234840/http://www.chinapage.com/astronomy/astronomy.html {{lang|zh|天丈}} Astronomy]<!--w reservations 4 wrong char selection...-->
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20051124190011/http://homepages.primex.co.uk/~sproston/sstar9.htm SHOOTING STARS: China's Astronomical Legacy]
* [http://www.ianridpath.com/startales/startales2a.html#chinese Ian Ridpath's Star Tales: The Chinese sky – a lost tradition]

{{Chinese constellation}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|China|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Solar System}}

[[Category:Chinese constellations| ]]
[[Category:Chinese astrological signs]]