Editing Charles Stark Draper Prize

{{Short description|Engineering award}}
[[File:Draper-medal.jpg|thumb|275px|The '''NAE Charles Draper Prize''', awarded for advancement of engineering and the education of the public about engineering   .]]

The U.S. [[National Academy of Engineering]] annually awards the '''Draper Prize''',<ref>[https://www.nae.edu/20681.aspx Charles Stark Draper Prize – Home]</ref> which is given for the advancement of engineering and the education of the public about engineering. It is one of three prizes that constitute the "Nobel Prizes of Engineering"—the others are the Academy's [[Russ Prize|Russ]] and [[Gordon Prize]]s. The Draper Prize is awarded biennially and the winner of each of these prizes receives $500,000.<ref>[https://www.nae.edu/20681/DraperPrize Charles Stark Draper Prize – Awards]</ref> The Draper prize is named for [[Charles Stark Draper]], the "father of [[inertial navigation]]", an [[MIT]] professor and founder of [[Charles Stark Draper Laboratory|Draper Laboratory]].

==Past winners==
* 1989: [[Jack Kilby|Jack S. Kilby]] and [[Robert Noyce|Robert N. Noyce]] for their independent development of the monolithic [[integrated circuit]]
* 1991: Sir [[Frank Whittle]] and [[Hans von Ohain]] for their independent development of the [[Jet engine|turbojet engine]]
* 1993: [[John Backus]] for his development of [[FORTRAN]], the first widely used, general purpose, high-level computer language<ref name="Backus">{{cite web | title=John Backus | website=NAE Website | url=https://nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/page1993/55073.aspx | access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* 1995: [[John R. Pierce]] and [[Harold A. Rosen]] for their development of communication satellite technology
* 1997: [[Vladimir Haensel]] for his invention of "[[catalytic reforming|platforming]]"
* 1999: [[Charles K. Kao]], [[Robert D. Maurer]], and [[John B. MacChesney]] for the development of [[fiber optics]]
* 2001: [[Vinton G. Cerf]], [[Robert E. Kahn]], [[Leonard Kleinrock]], and [[Lawrence G. Roberts]] for the development of the [[Internet]]
* 2002: [[Robert Langer]] for the bioengineering of revolutionary medical [[drug delivery]] systems<ref name="Langer">{{cite web | title=Dr. Robert Langer | website=NAE Website | url=https://nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/page2002/55035.aspx | access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* 2003: [[Ivan A. Getting]] and [[Bradford Parkinson|Bradford W. Parkinson]] for their work developing the [[Global Positioning System]]
* 2004: [[Alan Kay|Alan C. Kay]], [[Butler W. Lampson]], [[Robert Taylor (computer scientist)|Robert W. Taylor]], and [[Charles P. Thacker]] for their work on [[Alto (computer)|Alto]], the first practical networked computer
* 2005: {{ill|Minoru S. Araki|lt=Minoru S. "Sam" Araki|de}}, {{ill|Francis J. Madden|de}}, {{ill|Edward A. Miller|de}}, [[James W. Plummer]], and {{ill|Don H. Schoessler|de}} for the design, development, and operation of [[Corona (satellite)|Corona]], the first space-based Earth observation systems
* 2006: [[Willard Boyle|Willard S. Boyle]] and [[George E. Smith]] for the invention of the [[charge-coupled device]] (CCD), a light-sensitive component at the heart of [[digital camera]]s and other widely used [[imaging technology|imaging technologies]]
* 2007: [[Tim Berners-Lee]] for developing the World Wide Web<ref name="Lee">{{cite web | title=Timothy J. Berners-Lee | website=NAE Website | url=https://nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/page2007/54979.aspx | access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* 2008: [[Rudolf E. Kálmán]] for developing the [[Kalman filter]]<ref name="Kalman">{{cite web | title=Rudolf Kalman | website=NAE Website | url=https://nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/page2008/54973.aspx | access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* 2009: [[Robert H. Dennard]] for his invention and contributions to the development of [[dynamic random access memory]] (DRAM), used universally in computers and other data processing and communication systems<ref name="Dennard">{{cite web | title=Robert H. Dennard | website=NAE Website | url=https://nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/page20098972/54969.aspx | access-date=27 September 2018}}</ref>
* 2011: [[Frances H. Arnold]] and [[Willem P.C. Stemmer]] for their individual contributions to [[directed evolution]], a process that allows researchers to guide the creation of certain properties in proteins and cells. This technique has been used in food ingredients, pharmaceuticals, [[toxicology]], agricultural products, gene delivery systems, laundry aids, and [[biofuel]]s
* 2012: [[George H. Heilmeier]], [[Wolfgang Helfrich]], [[Martin Schadt]], and [[T Peter Brody|T. Peter Brody]] for their contributions to the development of [[liquid crystal display]] (LCD) technologies
* 2013: [[Thomas Haug]], [[Martin Cooper (inventor)|Martin Cooper]], [[Yoshihisa Okumura]] (奥村 善久), [[Richard H. Frenkiel]], and [[Joel S. Engel]] – [[mobile phone]] pioneers who laid the groundwork for cellular telephone networks (GSM) and today's smartphone.<ref>[https://www.nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/67245.aspx 2015 Draper Prize – NAE] Retrieved 2018-10-04.</ref>
* 2014: [[John Goodenough]], {{ill|Yoshio Nishi (engineer)|lt=Yoshio Nishi|qid=Q29535116}} (西 美緒), [[Rachid Yazami]] and [[Akira Yoshino]] (吉野 彰) – rechargeable battery pioneers who laid the groundwork for today's lithium-ion battery.
* 2015: [[Isamu Akasaki]], [[M. George Craford]], [[Russell Dupuis]], [[Nick Holonyak, Jr.]] and [[Shuji Nakamura]] for the invention, development, and commercialization of materials and processes for light-emitting diodes (LEDs).<ref>[http://www.draperprize.org/news.php#LEDPioneers 2015 Draper Prize] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110225031500/http://www.draperprize.org/news.php#LEDPioneers#LEDPioneers |date=2011-02-25 }} Retrieved 2014-01-07.</ref><ref>[https://www.nae.edu/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners.aspx 2015 Draper Prize – NAE] Retrieved 2015-01-07.</ref>
* 2016: [[Andrew J. Viterbi]] for development of the Viterbi algorithm, its transformational impact on digital wireless communications, and its significant applications in [[speech recognition]] and synthesis and in bioinformatics.<ref>[http://www.nae.edu/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/2016Draper.aspx 2016 Draper Prize – NAE]</ref>
* 2018: [[Bjarne Stroustrup]] for conceptualizing and developing the C++ programming language.<ref>[https://www.nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners/2018Draper/177032.aspx 2018 Draper Prize – NAE]</ref>
* 2020: [[Jean Fréchet]] and [[C. Grant Willson]] for the invention, development, and commercialization of chemically amplified materials for micro- and nanofabrication, enabling the extreme miniaturization of microelectronic devices.<ref>[https://www.nae.edu/224065/Photoresist-Pioneers-Receive-the-2020-Charles-Stark-Draper-Prize-for-Engineering 2020 Draper Prize – NAE]</ref> 
* 2022: [[Steve Furber|Steve B. Furber]], [[John L. Hennessy]], [[David Patterson (computer scientist)|David A. Patterson]] and [[Sophie Wilson|Sophie M. Wilson]] for contributions to the invention, development, and implementation of reduced instruction set computer (RISC) chips.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nae.edu/55291/DraperWinners|title=Recipients of the Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering}}</ref>
* 2024: [[Stuart Parkin]] for engineering spintronic technologies, enabling digital information storage that serves as a foundation for today’s data-driven world.<ref>{{cite web |title=Prof. Stuart Parkin awarded the prestigious Charles Stark Draper Prize for Engineering |url=https://www.mpi-halle.mpg.de/stuart-parkin-charles-stark-draper-prize2024 |website=www.mpi-halle.mpg.de |access-date=15 January 2024 |language=en}}</ref>

The NAE website shows that no Draper Prize was awarded in 2010, 2017, 2019 or 2021.<ref name=winners>[https://www.nae.edu/Activities/Projects/Awards/DraperPrize/DraperWinners.aspx#tabs Previous Recipients]</ref> Since the award is a biennial one, it was probably only given in even years beginning in 2016. The [[Russ Prize]], also from the NAE, is awarded in odd years.

==See also==

* [[List of engineering awards]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Draper Prize}}
[[Category:Draper Prize winners]]
[[Category:Awards of the United States National Academy of Engineering]]
[[Category:International science and technology awards]]