Editing Charles Ludlam

{{Short description|American actor, director, and playwright (1943–1987)}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2025}}
{{Infobox person
| name        = Charles Ludlam
| image       = File:Charles_Ludlam_in_costume.jpg
| imagesize   =
| caption     = Charles Ludlam in costume
| birth_date  = {{Birth date|1943|4|12}}
| birth_place = [[Floral Park, New York]], United States
| alma_mater  = [[Hofstra University]]
| death_date  = {{Death date and age|1987|5|28|1943|4|12}}
| death_place = [[New York, New York]], United States
| partner     = [[Everett Quinton]]
}}
'''Charles Braun Ludlam''' (April 12, 1943{{snd}}May 28, 1987) was an American actor, director, and playwright.

== Biography ==
=== Early life ===
Ludlam was born in [[Floral Park, New York]], the son of Marjorie (née Braun) and Joseph William Ludlam.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/16/books/chapters/ridiculous.html|title=Ridiculous!|last=Kaufman|first=David|date=February 16, 2003|work=The New York Times|access-date=May 16, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.filmreference.com/film/96/Charles-Ludlam.html|title=Charles Ludlam Biography (1943–1987)|website=filmreference.com|access-date=May 16, 2018}}</ref> He was raised in [[Greenlawn, New York]], and attended [[Harborfields High School]]. He was [[openly gay]], and performed in plays with the Township Theater Group, a [[Regional theater in the United States|community theatre]] in [[Huntington, New York|Huntington]], and worked backstage at the Red Barn Theater, a [[summer stock theatre]] in [[Northport, New York|Northport]]. During his senior year of high school, Ludlam directed, produced, and performed plays with a group of friends, students from Huntington, Northport, Greenlawn, and Centerport. Their "Students Repertory Theatre", housed in the loft studio beneath the Posey School of Dance on Main Street in Northport, seated an audience of 25, and was sold out for every performance.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} Their repertoire included [[Kan Kikuchi]]'s ''Madman on the Roof''; ''[[openlibrary:books/OL14045017M/The theatre of the soul|Theatre of the Soul]]''; a [[readers' theatre]] adaptation of [[Edgar Lee Masters]]' ''[[Spoon River Anthology]]''; and plays by [[August Strindberg]] and [[Eugene O'Neill]].

He received a degree in dramatic literature from [[Hofstra University]] in 1964. At Hofstra, Ludlam met [[Black-Eyed Susan (actress)|Black-Eyed Susan]], whom he cast in one of his college productions. The two became close friends, and Black-Eyed Susan performed in more of Ludlam's plays over the following decades than any other actor, except Ludlam himself.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Simon |first1=Kate |title=Black-Eyed Susan |journal=[[BOMB Magazine]] |volume=Spring 1988 |url=https://bombmagazine.org/articles/black-eyed-susan/ |accessdate=July 26, 2020}}</ref>

=== Career ===
Ludlam joined John Vaccaro's [[Play-House of the Ridiculous]], and after a falling out, founded his own Ridiculous Theatrical Company in 1967. His first plays were rudimentary exercises; starting with ''Bluebeard'', he began writing more structured plays, which were often [[pastiche]]s of [[gothic novels]]; works by [[Federico Garcia Lorca]], [[Shakespeare]], and [[Richard Wagner]]; and popular culture and old movies. These works were humorous but had serious undertones. After seeing one of Ludlam's plays, theater critic [[Brendan Gill]] famously remarked, "This isn't farce. This isn't absurd. This is absolutely ridiculous!". Ludlam commented on his own work: <blockquote>I would say that my work falls into the classical tradition of comedy. Over the years there have been certain traditional approaches to comedy. As a modern artist you have to advance the tradition. I want to work within the tradition so that I don't waste my time trying to establish new conventions. You can be very original within the established conventions.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Castle |first1=Ted |title=Charles Ludlam and Christopher Scott |journal=[[BOMB Magazine]] |volume=Winter 1982 |url=https://bombmagazine.org/articles/charles-ludlam-and-christopher-scott/ |accessdate=26 July 2020}}</ref></blockquote>

Ludlam's ''Bluebeard'' was produced at [[La MaMa Experimental Theatre Club]], where Vaccaro's company was in residence, in March 1970. Ludlam performed in this production as Khanazar von Bluebeard. Black-Eyed-Susan, [[Lola Pashalinski]], and [[Mario Montez]] also performed in this production.<ref>La MaMa Archives Digital Collections. [https://catalog.lamama.org/Detail/Occurrences/241 "Production: 'Ridiculous Theater Company Presents: ''Bluebeard''<nowiki/>' (1970)". Accessed May 16, 2018.]</ref> In 1976 he appeared in [[Rosa von Praunheim]]'s New York film ''Underground and Emigrants''.

He taught and/or staged productions at [[New York University]], [[Connecticut College]], [[Yale University]], and [[Carnegie Mellon University]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} He won fellowships from the [[John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation|Guggenheim]], [[Rockefeller Foundation|Rockefeller]], and [[Ford Foundation]]s, and grants from the [[National Endowment for the Arts]] and the [[New York State Council on the Arts]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} He won six [[Obie Award]]s over the course of his career, including a Sustained Excellence [[Obie Award]] two weeks before his death in 1987,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.obieawards.com/events/1980s/year-87/|title=87 {{!}} Obie Awards|work=Obie Awards|access-date=May 16, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> and won the Rosamund Gilder Award for distinguished achievement in the theater in 1986.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

Ludlam often appeared in his plays, and was particularly noted for his female roles. He wrote one of the first plays to address, though indirectly, the [[AIDS epidemic]]. His most well-known play is ''[[The Mystery of Irma Vep]]'', in which two actors play seven roles in a pastiche of gothic horror novels. The original production featured Ludlam and his partner Everett Quinton. Rights to perform the play include a stipulation that the actors must be of the same sex, to ensure [[cross-dressing]] in the production.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}} In 1991, ''Irma Vep'' was the most produced play in the United States;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.berkeleyrep.org/HTML/Season0304/IV_programnotes.html|website=Berkeley Repertory Theatre |title=about the rep > past productions > 2003/4 > The Mystery of Irma Vep|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041102165348/http://www.berkeleyrep.org/HTML/Season0304/IV_programnotes.html|archive-date=November 2, 2004}}</ref> and in 2003, it became the longest-running production ever staged in Brazil.<ref>Gussow, Mel. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/01/29/books/books-of-the-times-the-roman-candle-life-of-a-downtown-original.html "Books of the Times; The Roman-Candle Life of a Downtown Original"], ''The New York Times'', January 29, 2003</ref><ref>Scheib, Ronnie. [https://variety.com/2006/film/reviews/irma-vep-she-s-back-1200514012/ "Irma Vep - She's Back!"], ''Variety'', August 21, 2006</ref>

=== Death and legacy ===
Ludlam was diagnosed with AIDS in March 1987. He attempted to fight the disease with his lifelong interest in healthy eating and a [[macrobiotic diet]], but died a month after his AIDS diagnosis, of [[PCP pneumonia]], at [[St. Vincent's Hospital, Manhattan|St. Vincent's Hospital]]. His front page obituary in ''The New York Times''<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Gerard |first1=Jeremy|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/29/obituaries/charles-ludlam-44-avant-garde-artist-of-theater-is-dead.html|title=Charles Ludlum, 44, Avant-Garde Artist of Theater, is Dead|newspaper=The New York Times|date=May 29, 1987|access-date=April 2, 2023}}</ref> was the newspaper's first page 1 obituary to specifically name AIDS as a cause of death (with Ludlam's parents' consent), instead of the AIDS-related illnesses such as pneumonia commonly cited at the time.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Rosenzweig |first1=Leah |title=Cause of Death: Uncovering the hidden history of AIDS on the New York Times obituary page |url=https://slate.com/human-interest/2018/11/aids-new-york-times-obituary-history.html |accessdate=December 1, 2018 |work=Slate |date=November 30, 2018}}</ref>

The block in front of his [[Sheridan Square]] theater was renamed "Charles Ludlam Lane" in his honor.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

In 2009, Ludlam was inducted posthumously into the [[American Theater Hall of Fame]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.playbill.com/news/article/136195-Redgrave-Schwartz-Lloyd-Webber-and-More-Inducted-Into-Theater-Hall-of-Fame-Jan-25 |title=Redgrave, Schwartz, Lloyd Webber and More Inducted Into Theater Hall of Fame Jan. 25 |website=Playbill |access-date=September 2, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203012335/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/136195-Redgrave-Schwartz-Lloyd-Webber-and-More-Inducted-Into-Theater-Hall-of-Fame-Jan-25 |archive-date=December 3, 2013}}</ref>

After his death, Walter Ego, the dummy from Ludlam's 1978 play ''The Ventriloquist's Wife'' (designed and built by actor and puppet-maker Alan Semok), was donated to the [[Vent Haven Museum]] in [[Fort Mitchell, Kentucky]], where it remains on exhibit.{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

In his 1987 obituary of Ludlam in [[Christopher Street (magazine)|''Christopher Street'']], [[Andrew Holleran]] wrote, <blockquote>It would be pointless to subject Ludlam to a dissertation—he was too funny—and yet no one was more grounded in theater's ancient roots than he; like a child running through the contents of his bedroom closet, putting on fake noses, mustaches, pulling out toy airplanes, little plastic gladiators, goldfish bowls, Cleopatra wigs, he always gave the impression of having assembled the particular play from a magic storeroom in which he kept, like some obsessed bag lady, every prop and character that two thousand years of Western History had washed up on the shores of a childhood on Long Island....[[Drag (entertainment)|Drag]] is a profound joke—the fundamental homosexual joke, no doubt: the Woman at Bay, Wounded but Triumphant, lascivious or frigid, repressed or mad, rings all the notes, high and low....Charles Ludlam
was the greatest drag I've ever seen. It ceased to be drag, in fact, or acting: it was art.<ref>Holleran, Andrew, "Tragic Drag" in ''Ground Zero'', 1989 (reissued as ''Chronicle of a Plague, Revisited: AIDS and Its Aftermath'', 2008); originally published in ''Christopher Street'', no. 113, July 1987.</ref></blockquote>

[[Garth Greenwell]] calls Holleran's essay on Ludlam "the most concise and profound discussion of camp aesthetics I know."<ref>Greenwell, Garth. [https://www.newyorker.com/books/second-read/chronicle-of-a-plague-revisited-and-the-inner-life-of-catastrophe "''Chronicle of a Plague, Revisited'' and the Inner Life of Catastrophe"], ''The New Yorker'', April 15, 2020.</ref>

== Selected works ==
=== Plays (as playwright) ===
{{columns-list|
* ''Big Hotel'' (1967)
* ''Conquest of the Universe, or When Queens Collide'' (1968)
* ''Turds in Hell'' (1969) adaptation of ''[[Satyricon]]''
* ''The Grand Tarot'' (1969)
* ''Bluebeard'' (1970) adaptation of [[H. G. Wells]]'s ''[[The Island of Dr Moreau]]''
* ''Eunuchs of the Forbidden City'' (1971)
* ''Corn'' (1972)
* ''Camille'' (1973)
* ''Hot Ice'' (1974)
* ''[[Stage Blood]]'' (1975) adaptation of ''[[Hamlet]]''
* ''Tabu Tableaux'' (1975)
* ''Caprice'' (1976)
* ''Jack and the Beanstalk'' (1976)
* ''Der Ring Gott Farblonjet'' (1977) adaptation of ''[[The Ring Cycle]]''
* ''The Ventriloquist's Wife'' (1978)
* ''Utopia, Incorporated'' (1979)
* ''The Enchanted Pig'' (1979)
* ''Elephant Woman'' (1979)
* ''A Christmas Carol'' (1979)
* ''Reverse Psychology'' (1980)
* ''Love's Tangled Web'' (1981)
* ''Secret Lives of the Sexists'' (1982)
* ''Exquisite Torture'' (1982)
* ''Le Bourgeois Avant-Garde'' (1983) adaptation of [[Molière]]'s ''[[Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme]]''
* ''Galas'' (1983) inspired by the life of [[Maria Callas]]
* ''[[The Mystery of Irma Vep]]'' (1984)
* ''How to Write a Play'' (1984)
* ''Salammbo'' (1985) adaptation of [[Gustave Flaubert]]'s [[Salammbo (novel)]]
* ''The Artificial Jungle'' (1986)
}}
=== Puppet shows ===
* ''Professor Bedlam's Educational Punch and Judy Show''
* ''Anti-Galaxie Nebulae''

=== Plays (as actor) ===
{{columns-list|* ''The Life of Lady Godiva'' by [[Ronald Tavel]] (as Peeping Tom)
* ''Indira Gandhi's Daring Device'' by [[Ronald Tavel]] (as Kamaraj)
* ''Screen Test'' by [[Ronald Tavel]] (as Norma Desmond)
* ''[[Hedda Gabler]]'' by [[Henrik Ibsen]] (as Hedda Gabler), American Ibsen Theatre, [[Pittsburgh]], 1984; directed by [[Mel Shapiro]] ([[dramaturg]]: Micheael X. Zelenak; assistant to the director: Hafiz Karmali)
}}

=== Plays (as director) ===
* ''Whores of Babylon'' by Bill Vehr (1968)
* ''[[The English Cat]]'' by [[Hans Werner Henze]] (American premiere, [[Santa Fe Opera]], 1985)
* ''[[Die Fledermaus]]'' by [[Johann Strauss II]] ([[Santa Fe Opera]])

=== Films (as actor) ===
{{columns-list|
* ''The Life, Death and Assumption of Lupe Velez'' (1966) by José Rodriguez-Soltero (as The Lesbian)
* ''Underground and Emigrants'' (1976)
* ''Reel 6: Charles Ludlam's Grand Tarot'' (1970)
* ''Imposters'' (1980)
* ''Museum of Wax'' (1987)
* ''Doomed Love'' (1983)
* ''[[The Big Easy (1987 film)|The Big Easy]]'' (1987)
* ''[[Forever, Lulu (1987 film)|Forever, Lulu]]'' (1987)
* ''[[She Must Be Seeing Things]]'' (1988)
}}
=== Television (as actor) ===
* ''[[Miami Vice]]''
* ''[[Tales from the Darkside]]''
* ''[[Oh Madeline]]''

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* Baron, Michael, ''The Whore of Sheridan Square'' (a play inspired by the life of Charles Ludlam) in ''Plays and Playwrights 2006 An Anthology'', edited by Martin Denton, 2006. {{ISBN|0-9670234-7-5}}
* Edgecomb, Sean, ''Charles Ludlam Lives!: Charles Busch, Bradford Louryk, Taylor Mac, and the Queer Legacy of the Ridiculous Theatrical Company,'' 2017. {{ISBN|0-472-05355-8}}
* Jeffreys, Joe E. "Charles Ludlam," in Noriega and Schildcrout (eds.) ''50 Key Figures in Queer US Theatre'', pp. 142-145. Routledge, 2022. {{ISBN|978-1-032-06796-4}}.
* Kaufman, David A., ''Ridiculous!: The Theatrical Life and Times of Charles Ludlam'', 2002. {{ISBN|1-55783-588-8}}
* Ludlam, Charles, ''Ridiculous Theatre: Scourge of Human Folly: The Essays and Opinions of Charles Ludlam'', edited by Steven Samuels, 1992. {{ISBN|1-55936-041-0}}
* Ludlam. ''The Complete Plays of Charles Ludlam'', edited by Steven Samuels. {{ISBN|0-06-055172-0}}
* Roemer, Rick, ''Charles Ludlam and the Ridiculous Theatrical Company: Critical Analyses of 29 Plays by Rick Roemer'', 1998. {{ISBN|0-7864-0340-3}}
* Katz, Leandro, ''Bedlam Days: The Early Plays of Charles Ludlam and The Ridiculous Theatrical Company'', {{ISBN|978-987-24581-3-3}}

== External links ==
* {{IMDb name|0524893}}
* {{iobdb name|4228}}
* [http://bombsite.com/issues/2/articles/56 ''BOMB Magazine'' interview with Charles Ludlam and Christopher Scott by Ted Castle (Winter, 1982)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130316122952/http://bombsite.com/issues/2/articles/56 |date=March 16, 2013 }}
* [http://archives.nypl.org/the/21289 Charles Ludlam papers, 1967–1989]. Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts.
* [http://www.leandrokatz.com/Pages/Bedlam%20Days.html ''Bedlam Days'' (the early plays by Charles Ludlam)]
* [https://vimeo.com/87693838 "Bluebeard" The seduction of Miss Cubbidge, audio and photographs by Leandro Katz (1970)] (Vimeo)
* [https://catalog.lamama.org/Detail/Entities/723 Ludlam's page on La MaMa Archives Digital Collections]
* [https://vimeo.com/420477551/ "John Vaccaro and The Theatre of the Ridiculous" A brief interview recalling the actors' walkout during rehearsals of The Conquest of the Universe, and his friendship with Charles Ludlam, by Leandro Katz]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ludlam, Charles}}
[[Category:1943 births]]
[[Category:1987 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:20th-century American LGBTQ people]]
[[Category:20th-century American male actors]]
[[Category:AIDS-related deaths in New York (state)]]
[[Category:American gay actors]]
[[Category:American gay writers]]
[[Category:American LGBTQ dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:American male stage actors]]
[[Category:American male television actors]]
[[Category:Gay dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:Hofstra University alumni]]
[[Category:LGBTQ people from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Macrobiotic diet advocates]]
[[Category:Obie Award recipients]]
[[Category:People from Floral Park, New York]]
[[Category:Postmodern theatre]]