Editing Charles Longley

{{Short description|Archbishop of Canterbury from 1862 to 1868}}
{{For|the article about the British actor Thomas James Longley|Thomas James Longley}}
{{Use British English|date=April 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2020}}
{{Infobox Christian leader
| honorific-prefix = {{pre-nominal styles|size=100%|MRevd|&RHon}}
| name = Charles Longley
| honorific-suffix =
| archbishop_of = [[Archbishop of Canterbury]]
| image = AbpCharlesThomasLongley.jpg
| imagesize =
| alt =
| caption = Portrait by [[George Richmond (painter)|George Richmond]]
| church = [[Church of England]]
| province = [[Province of Canterbury| Canterbury]]
| diocese = [[Diocese of Canterbury| Canterbury]]
| see =
| term = 1862 – 27 October 1868
| predecessor = [[John Bird Sumner]]
| successor = [[Archibald Campbell Tait]]
| ordination =
| consecration =
| other_post =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = 28 July 1794
| birth_place = [[Rochester, Kent|Rochester]], [[Kent]], England
| death_date = {{death date|1868|10|27|df=y}} (aged 74)
| death_place = [[Addington Palace|Addington]], [[Surrey]], England
| buried = [[St Mary's Church, Addington|St Mary the Blessed Virgin Church]], [[Addington, London]]
| nationality =
| religion = [[Anglican]]
| residence =
| parents =
| spouse = Hon. Caroline Sophia Parnell
| children = 7
| occupation =
| profession =
| alma_mater =
| signature = Charles Longley Signature.svg
}}
'''Charles Thomas Longley''' (28 July 1794 – 27 October 1868)<ref>{{cite ODNB|url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/16987|title=J. R. Garrard, 'Longley, Charles Thomas (1794–1868)', ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''|doi=10.1093/ref:odnb/16987 |access-date=6 June 2008}}</ref> was a bishop in the [[Church of England]]. He served as [[Bishop of Ripon (modern diocese)|Bishop of Ripon]], [[Bishop of Durham]], [[Archbishop of York]] and [[Archbishop of Canterbury]] from 1862 until his death.

==Life==
He was born at [[Rochester, Kent]], the fifth son of the late John Longley, [[Recorder (legal office)|Recorder]] of Rochester,<ref>[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1868/10/29/78959637.pdf "Obituary: Charles Thomas Longley, D.D., Archbishop of Canterbury"] ''[[The New York Times]]'', 29 October 1868, p. 4, ([https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B06E1D61330EE34BC4151DFB6678383679FDE citation only]). Retrieved 3 December 2008</ref> and educated at [[Westminster School]] and [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he matriculated in 1812, graduating [[Bachelor of Arts|B.A.]] 1815 ([[Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)|M.A.]] 1818), [[Bachelor of Divinity|B.D.]] and [[Doctor of Divinity|D.D.]] 1829.<ref name="al-oxon">{{alox2|title=Longley, Charles Thomas}}</ref>

At Christ Church, Longley was reader in Greek 1822, tutor and censor 1825–8, and proctor 1827.<ref name="al-oxon"/> He was ordained in 1818, and was appointed vicar of [[Cowley, Oxford]], in 1823. In 1827, he received the rectory of [[West Tytherley]], [[Hampshire]], and two years later he was elected headmaster of [[Harrow School]]. He held this office until 1836, when he was consecrated bishop of the new see of [[Bishop of Ripon (modern diocese)|Ripon]]. In 1856 he became [[Bishop of Durham]], and in 1860 he became [[Archbishop of York]].

In 1862, he succeeded [[John Bird Sumner]] as Archbishop of Canterbury. Soon afterwards the questions connected with the deposition of [[John William Colenso]] were referred to Longley but, while regarding Colenso's opinions as heretical and his deposition as justifiable, he refused to pronounce upon the legal difficulties of the case.

The chief event of his primacy was the meeting at [[Lambeth Palace|Lambeth]], in 1867, of the first [[Lambeth Conferences|Pan-Anglican conference of British, colonial and foreign bishops]]. His published works included numerous sermons and addresses. He died at [[Addington Palace|Addington Park]], near [[Croydon]].

Like Sumner, he was a member of the [[Canterbury Association]] from 27 March 1848.<ref name=Blain>{{cite book
 | pages      = 51–52
 | last       = Blain
 | first      = Rev. Michael
 | title      = The Canterbury Association (1848–1852): A Study of Its Members' Connections
 | year       = 2007
 | publisher  = Project Canterbury |location=Christchurch
 | url        = http://anglicanhistory.org/nz/blain_canterbury2007.pdf
 | access-date = 23 March 2013
}}</ref>

==Family==
[[File:Charles Thomas Longley.jpg|thumb|right|upright|A photograph of Charles Thomas Longley by Charles Dodgson ([[Lewis Carroll]]).]]
As Headmaster of Harrow School, he married the Hon. Caroline Sophia Parnell on 15 December 1831. Her brother the Hon. George Damer Parnell was the curate of Ash, 1859–1861. Parnell was the daughter of [[Henry Parnell, 1st Baron Congleton]].<ref>Leslie Morgan. [http://www.ash-church.org.uk/lclhis4.php "A Victorian Curate of Ash and his Brother-in-law's Letter"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081204090714/http://www.ash-church.org.uk/lclhis4.php |date=4 December 2008 }} St Peter and St Paul, Ash Church Website. Portarlington is misspelled Porterlington. Retrieved 3 December 2008</ref> They had seven children, three sons and four daughters,<ref name="Plantagenet">{{cite book |author-link=Melville Henry Massue |first=Marquis of Ruvigny and |last=Raineval |title=[[The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal]]: The Clarence Volume, Containing the Descendants of George, Duke of Clarence |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=w9UYYThhRIQC&pg=PA287 287] |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Com |year=1994 |isbn=9780806314327 }} Originally published: London : T.C. & E.C. Jack, 1905. All details below are from this source, unless cited otherwise.</ref> of whom:

1. [[Henry Longley]] (28 November 1833 – 25 December 1899), served as [[Chief Charity Commissioner for England and Wales]].<ref>Memorial wall tablet in the church of St Mary the Blessed Virgin Mary, Addington, Surrey</ref> He married Diana Eliza Davenport ([[floruit|fl.]] 1905), daughter of John Davenport of Foxley, Herefordshire, on 17 September 1861.<ref name="Plantagenet" />

2. George Longley, born 8 March 1835 at Harrow, Middlesex.

3. Mary Henrietta Longley (born 2 May 1837 in Ramsgate, Kent) married – on 9 December 1858 – George Winfield Bourke (died 9 October 1903), Honorary Chaplain to the Monarch, and son of [[Robert Bourke, 5th Earl of Mayo]]. Their only child was [[Walter Longley Bourke, 8th Earl of Mayo]] (28 November 1859 – 1939); from 1891 to 1903, he was a Trustee of the [[Bridgewater Estates]]. Walter had married in 1887, and had four sons and two daughters, by 1905.<ref name="Plantagenet" /> Walter's second son was [[Ulick Henry Bourke, 9th Earl of Mayo]] (1890–1962), and third son Bryan Longley Bourke (1897–1961) was father of [[Terence Bourke, 10th Earl of Mayo]] (1929–2006), himself father of [[Charles Bourke, 11th Earl of Mayo|the present Earl]].

4. Frances Elizabeth Longley (born 3 July 1839)

5. Arthur Longley (born 1841 in Ripon, Yorkshire)

6. Caroline Georgina Longley (died 30 October 1867) married, on 6 November 1862,<ref>{{cite book|title=Annual Register|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=coNdAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA2-PA320 |year=1862|publisher=J. & F.H. Rivington|page=2}}</ref> (as his 1st wife) Edward [[Levett]] (18 December 1832 – 28 December 1899), major in the [[10th Royal Hussars]], of [[Wychnor Hall|Wychnor Park]] and [[Packington Hall (Staffordshire)|Packington Hall]], [[Staffordshire]], third son of John Levett and his wife Sophia Kennedy, granddaughter of [[Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis]]. They had two daughters, both of whom married and had children.<ref>{{cite book|last=Raineval|first=Melville Henry Massue marquis of Ruvigny et |author-link=Melville Henry Massue |title=[[The Plantagenet Roll of the Blood Royal]]: Being a Complete Table of All the Descendants Now Living of Edward III, King of England |year=1994 |orig-year=1903 |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Company|isbn=978-0-8063-1434-1|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=ObnB2K0Pm-gC&pg=PA338 338]|ref=none}}; and {{harvnb|Raineval|1994|p=287}}. The date of Caroline Georgina's marriage is not given by Ruvigny, nor is her birthdate.</ref>
[[File:Charles Thomas Longley by George Richmond.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Charles Thomas Longley, by [[George Richmond (painter)|George Richmond]], c. 1862]]

7. Rosamond Esther Harriett Longley (died 1936) married, 1870, Cecil Thomas Parker (1845–1931), 2nd son of [[Thomas Parker, 6th Earl of Macclesfield]] by his 2nd wife Mary Frances Grosvenor, a sister of [[Hugh Grosvenor, 1st Duke of Westminster]], and had four sons and two daughters. Their elder daughter [[Caroline Bridgeman, Viscountess Bridgeman|Caroline Beatrix Parker]] (1873–1961) married, 1895, [[William Bridgeman, 1st Viscount Bridgeman]], of Leigh, Shropshire in 1929, PC (1864–1935), only child of John Orlando Bridgeman, Rector of Weston-under-Lizard (himself 3rd and youngest son of [[George Bridgeman, 2nd Earl of Bradford]]) by his wife Marianne Caroline Clive, daughter of William Clive, and left children, including the present Viscount.<ref>{{harvnb|Raineval|1994|p=287}}. Also see [http://www.william1.co.uk/w165.htm Conqueror – William 165] and [http://www.william1.co.uk/w176.htm#w176l12 Conqueror – William 176]. Retrieved 3 December 2008</ref> The fourth and youngest son [[Wilfrid Parker]] (1883–1966) became [[Bishop of Pretoria]], South Africa. A granddaughter (by the 3rd son Geoffrey) Isolda Rosamond Parker (1918–2014) married, 1940, [[David Pollock, 2nd Viscount Hanworth]] (1916–1996) and is mother of the present peer.<ref>[http://www.william1.co.uk/w505152.htm#w505152l8 Conqueror – William 50 to 52]. Retrieved 3 December 2008</ref>
{{Clear}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20141227230929/http://www.lambethconference.org/lc2008/news/news.cfm/2008/4/23/Archbishop-of-Canterbury-Better-Bishops-for-the-sake-of-a-better-Church Archbishop of Canterbury: Better Bishops for the sake of a better Church (Archived)]
*[https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1868/10/29/78959637.pdf "Obituary: Charles Thomas Longley, D.D., Archbishop of Canterbury"] ''The New York Times'', 29 October 1868, p.&nbsp;4, ([https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9B06E1D61330EE34BC4151DFB6678383679FDE citation only])

===Attribution===
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Longley, Charles Thomas |volume=16 |page=984}}

==External links==
*[http://anglicanhistory.org/england/ctlongley/ Bibliographic directory] from [[Project Canterbury]]
* {{Cite DNB|wstitle=Longley, Charles Thomas|last=Boase |first=George Clement |author-link=George Clement Boase|volume=34 |short=x}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-rel|en}}
{{S-new|diocese}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Ripon (modern diocese)|Bishop of Ripon]]|years=1836–1856}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Robert Bickersteth (bishop)|Robert Bickersteth]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Edward Maltby]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Bishop of Durham]]|years=1856–1860}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Henry Montagu Villiers]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Thomas Musgrave (bishop)|Thomas Musgrave]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of York]]|years=1860–1862}}
{{S-aft|after=[[William Thomson (bishop)|William Thomson]]}}
{{S-bef|before=[[John Bird Sumner]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Archbishop of Canterbury]]|years=1862–1868}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Archibald Campbell Tait]]}}
{{s-aca}}
{{s-bef|before=[[George Butler (headmaster)|George Butler]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Head Master of [[Harrow School]]|years=1829–1836}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Christopher Wordsworth]]}}
{{S-end}}
{{Archbishops of Canterbury}}
{{Archbishops of York}}
{{Bishops of Durham}}
{{Bishops of Ripon (modern diocese)}}
{{Head Masters of Harrow}}
{{Portalbar|Biographies|Christianity|England|History}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Longley, Charles Thomas}}
[[Category:1794 births]]
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[[Category:Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford]]
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[[Category:Doctors of Divinity]]
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[[Category:19th-century Anglican archbishops]]
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[[Category:Burials at St Mary's Church, Addington]]
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[[Category:19th-century Church of England bishops]]