Editing Charles Emmanuel IV

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Short description|King of Sardinia from 1796 to 1802}}
{{refimprove|date=June 2011}}
{{Infobox Royalty
| name         = Charles Emmanuel IV
| image        = Attributed to Panealbo - Charles Emmanuel IV - Venaria Reale.png
| caption      = Charles Emmanuel IV {{circa|1798}}
| succession   = [[King of Sardinia]]<br/>[[Duke of Savoy]]
| reign        = 16 October 1796 &ndash; 4 June 1802
| predecessor  = [[Victor Amadeus III]]
| successor    = [[Victor Emmanuel I]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1751|05|24|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Royal Palace of Turin]], [[Turin]], [[Kingdom of Sardinia]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1819|10|06|1751|05|24|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Palazzo Colonna]], [[Rome]], [[States of the Church]]
| place of burial = [[Sant'Andrea al Quirinale|Church of Sant'Andrea al Quirinale]]
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Clothilde de France|Marie Clotilde of France]]|21 August 1775|1802|end=d}}
| full name    = {{langx|it|Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia}}
| house        = [[House of Savoy|Savoy]]
| father       = [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia]]
| mother       = [[Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain]]
| religion     = [[Catholic Church]]
| signature    = Signature of Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia.svg
}}

'''Charles Emmanuel IV''' (Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria; 24 May 1751 &ndash; 6 October 1819) was [[King of Sardinia]] and ruler of the [[Savoyard state|Savoyard states]] from 16 October 1796 until 1802, when he abdicated in favour of his brother [[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel I]].

==Early life==
Carlo Emanuele Ferdinando Maria di Savoia was born in [[Turin]], the eldest son of [[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia|Victor Amadeus III]], King of Sardinia, and of his wife [[Infanta]] [[Maria Antonia Ferdinanda of Spain]]. From his birth to his succession to the throne of Sardinia in 1796, Charles Emmanuel was styled "[[Prince of Piedmont]]".<ref name=tbm>[https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/BIOG105053 "Carlo Emanuele IV, King of Sardinia", The British Museum]</ref>

In 1775, Charles Emmanuel married [[Clotilde of France]], the sister of King [[Louis XVI of France]].<ref name=tbm/> Although the union was arranged for political reasons, Charles Emmanuel and his wife became devoted to each other.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/sisteroflouisxvi00arterich/sisteroflouisxvi00arterich_djvu.txt Artemont, Louis Leopold d'. ''A sister of Louis XVI, Marie-Clotilde de france, queen of Sardinia (1759–1802)''], 1911</ref> Their attempts to have children, however, were unsuccessful.

==Reign==
At the death of his father (14 October 1796), Charles Emmanuel succeeded as King of Sardinia.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=BHIBAAAAQAAJ&dq=Charles+Emmanuel+IV+of+Sardinia&pg=PA60 Beeton, Samuel Orchant. ''Beeton's Modern European Celebrities. A Biography of Continental Men and Women of Note'', Ward, Lock&Company, 1874, p. 60]</ref> The kingdom included not only the island of Sardinia but also significant territories in northwest [[Italy]] including all of [[Piedmont (Italy)|Piedmont]].

At his succession to the throne in 1796, Sardinia had been forced to conclude the disadvantageous [[Treaty of Paris (1796)]] with the [[French First Republic|French Republic]], giving the French army free passage through Piedmont. On 6 December 1798 the French, under [[Barthélemy Catherine Joubert|Joubert]], occupied Turin and forced Charles Emanuel to abdicate all his territories on the Italian mainland and to withdraw to the island of Sardinia,<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=fYH7AQAAQBAJ&dq=Charles+Emmanuel+IV+of+Sardinia&pg=PA114 ''Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places'', (Trudy Ring, Noelle Watson, Paul Schellinger, eds.) Routledge, 2013, p. 116] {{ISBN|978-1134259656}}</ref> which stayed out of the reach of the French army. The following year he tried unsuccessfully to regain [[Piedmont (Italy)|Piedmont]]. He and his wife lived in [[Rome]] and in [[Naples]] as guests of the wealthy [[Colonna family]].

==Post-abdication==
On 7 March 1802, Charles Emmanuel's wife, [[Clotilde of France]], died, he was so moved by her death that he decided to abdicate, on 4 June 1802, in favour of his brother [[Victor Emmanuel I]].<ref name=tbm/> Charles Emmanuel retained the personal title of king. He lived in [[Rome]] and in the nearby town of [[Frascati]].

[[File:Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia - Accademia Carrara.jpg|thumb|{{circa|1796}} portrait of Charles Emmanuel IV]]

In [[Frascati]] he was a frequent guest of his cousin [[Henry Benedict Stuart]], Cardinal Duke of York, last member of the royal [[House of Stuart]]. Charles was descended from [[Henrietta Anne Stuart]], the youngest daughter of King [[Charles I of England]], whereas Henry Benedict Stuart was descended from Henrietta Anne's brother [[James II of England|James II]]. When Henry died in 1807, Charles Emmanuel became the heir-general of Charles I, and thus inherited the [[Jacobite claim]] to the British thrones. Unlike his three predecessors, however, neither he nor his successors ever made any attempt to claim the throne.

In 1815, at the age of sixty-four, Charles Emmanuel took [[simple vow]]s in the [[Society of Jesus]] (the Jesuits). He was never ordained to the priesthood but lived the rest of his life at the Jesuit novitiate in Rome.

Charles Emmanuel died at the [[Palazzo Colonna]] in Rome on 6 October 1819. He is buried in the Church of [[Sant'Andrea al Quirinale]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|Charles Emmanuel IV of Sardinia}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-hou|[[House of Savoy]]|24 May|1751|6 October|1819}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia|Victor Amadeus III]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[King of Sardinia]]|years=1796&ndash;1802}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia|Victor Emmanuel I]]}}
{{s-pre}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Henry Benedict Stuart]]}}
{{s-tul|title=[[Jacobite succession|King of England, Scotland, and Ireland]]|years=1807&ndash;1819}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Victor Emmanuel I of Sardinia]]}}
{{s-end}}
{{Princes of Savoy}}
{{Princes of Piedmont}}
{{Kings of Sardinia (House of Savoy)}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Charles Emmanuel 04 Of Savoy}}
[[Category:1751 births]]
[[Category:1819 deaths]]
[[Category:18th-century kings of Sardinia]]
[[Category:19th-century kings of Sardinia]]
[[Category:Nobility from Turin]]
[[Category:Princes of Piedmont]]
[[Category:Monarchs who abdicated]]
[[Category:Claimant kings of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Jacobite pretenders]]
[[Category:Princes of Savoy]]
[[Category:19th-century Italian Jesuits]]
[[Category:Burials at Sant'Andrea al Quirinale]]
[[Category:Grand masters of the Gold Medal of Military Valor]]
[[Category:19th-century people from the Savoyard State]]