Editing Charles Addams

{{Short description|American cartoonist (1912–1988)}}
{{similar names|Charles Adams (disambiguation){{!}}Charles Adams}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2022}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2022}}
{{Infobox comics creator
| image         = CAp3 05.jpg
| caption       = Addams in 1947
| birth_name    = Charles Samuel Addams
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1912|1|7|mf=y}}
| birth_place   = {{nowrap|[[Westfield, New Jersey]], U.S.}}
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1988|9|29|1912|1|7|mf=y}}
| death_place   = [[New York City]], U.S.
| cartoonist    = y
| alias         = Chas Addams (pen name/nickname)
| notable works = [[The Addams Family]]
| patrons       = 
| influenced by = 
| awards        = {{plainlist|
* [[Edgar Award]]
* 2018 [[Will Eisner Hall of Fame]]
}}
| spouse        = {{plainlist|
* {{marriage|[[Barbara Jean Day]]|1943|1950|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|Estelle Barbara Barb|1954|1956|reason=div}}
* {{marriage|Marilyn Matthews Miller|1981}}
}}
}}
'''Charles Samuel Addams''' (January 7, 1912 – September 29, 1988) was an American [[cartoonist]] known for his [[darkly humorous]] and [[macabre]] characters.<ref>{{cite news
|title= Macabre Cartoonist Charles Addams Dies 
|newspaper=Los Angeles Times 
|date=September 30, 1988
|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914234046/https://articles.latimes.com/1988-09-30/news/mn-3227_1_charles-addams
|archive-date=2015-09-14
|url-status= live
|url= https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-30-mn-3227-story.html
}}</ref> Some of his recurring characters became known as [[the Addams Family]], and were subsequently popularized through various adaptations.

==Early life==
Addams was born in [[Westfield, New Jersey]]. He was the son of Grace M. (née Spear; 1879–1943) and Charles Huey Addams (1873–1932), a [[piano]] company executive who had studied to be an [[architect]].<ref name="nytimespace" /> Known as "something of a rascal around the neighborhood," as childhood friends recalled,<ref name="maslin" /> Addams was distantly related to U.S. presidents [[John Adams]] and [[John Quincy Adams]], despite the different spellings of their last names, and was a first cousin twice removed to noted social reformer [[Jane Addams]].<ref name="maslin" />{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=23}}

Addams would enjoy the Presbyterian Cemetery on Mountain Avenue in Westfield as a child, where – according to author and Addams expert Ron MacCloskey – he would wonder what it was like to be dead.<ref name="maccloskey" /> In the cartoons, his ghoulish creations lived on Cemetery Ridge with a dreadful view.

A house on Elm Street and another on Dudley Avenue – into which police once caught him breaking and entering – are said to be the inspiration for the Addams Family mansion in his cartoons. [[College Hall (University of Pennsylvania)|College Hall]], the oldest building on the current campus of the [[University of Pennsylvania]], where Addams studied, was also an inspiration for the mansion.<ref>{{cite web|title= Virtual Tour of Penn's Campus: College Hall|url=http://www.upenn.edu/admissions/tour/tourstop.php?stop%3D1 |access-date=June 4, 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606051702/http://www.upenn.edu/admissions/tour/tourstop.php?stop=1 |archive-date=June 6, 2010 }}</ref> One friend said of him: "His sense of humor was a little different from everybody else's." He was also artistically inclined, "drawing with a happy vengeance", according to a biographer.<ref name="maslin" />
[[File:Charles Addams Fine Arts Hall.jpg|thumb|Charles Addams Fine Arts Hall, University of Pennsylvania]]
[[File:Charles Addams Fine Arts Hall Gate.jpg|thumb|Charles Addams Fine Arts Hall Gate showing Thing from The Addams Family]]
His father encouraged him to draw, and Addams did cartoons for the [[Westfield High School (New Jersey)|Westfield High School]] yearbook, ''Weathervane''.<ref name="nytimespace" /><ref name="maccloskey" /> He attended [[Colgate University]] in 1929 and 1930. At the corners of West Kendrick and Maple Avenues in [[Hamilton (village), New York|Hamilton]], is another home, and myth, that may have inspired the Addams Family house.<ref>{{cite web|title= battle to save Hamilton home.|url= http://www.clipsyndicate.com/video/play/7308496/battle_to_save_hamilton_home|access-date= May 1, 2018|archive-date= July 8, 2018|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180708191701/http://www.clipsyndicate.com/video/play/7308496/battle_to_save_hamilton_home|url-status= dead}}</ref> He also attended the University of Pennsylvania in 1930 and 1931. He then studied at the [[Grand Central School of Art]] in [[New York City]] in 1931 and 1932.<ref name="nytimespace" /><ref name="maccloskey" />

==Career==
Charles Addams joined the layout department of ''[[True Detective (magazine)|True Detective]]'' magazine in 1933, where he retouched photos of corpses to remove the blood for appearance alongside magazine stories. Addams complained: "A lot of those corpses were more interesting the way they were."<ref>{{cite web | last = Marr | first = John | url = http://www.stim.com/Stim-x/8.1/detective/detective-08.1.html | title = True Detective'' R.I.P. | access-date = October 6, 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110927084846/http://www.stim.com/Stim-x/8.1/detective/detective-08.1.html | archive-date = September 27, 2011 | url-status = live }}</ref>

The New Yorker Obituary of October 17, 1988, says his first drawing for ''[[The New Yorker]]'' ran in February 1932.  However, his first drawing actually appeared in the February 4, 1933, issue. Here he drew the first in the series that came to be called ''[[The Addams Family]]'' in August 6, 1938 and ran regularly until his death. Addams remained a freelancer throughout that time.<ref name="maslin" />

During [[World War II]], Addams served at the [[Kaufman Astoria Studios|Signal Corps Photographic Center]] in New York, where he made animated training films for the U.S. Army.<ref name="Kratz">{{cite web |last1=Kratz |first1=Jessie |title=Private Charles Samuel Addams: Creator of the Addams Family. |url=https://prologue.blogs.archives.gov/2022/10/26/private-charles-samuel-addams-creator-of-the-addams-family/ |website=Pieces of History |publisher=U.S. National Archives |access-date=17 January 2024 |date=26 October 2022}}</ref>

Addams created a 1952 mural for the bar of a [[The Hamptons|Hamptons]] hotel. It is now located in the library at [[Pennsylvania State University|Penn State]] and depicts prominent Addams Family members.<ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Karasik |first1=Paul |author1-link=Paul Karasik |title=Sketchbook: The Addams Family Secret: How a massive painting by Charles Addams wound up hidden away in a university library |url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/07/09/the-addams-family-secret |url-access=subscription |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |publisher=Condé Nast |access-date=July 8, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180708193707/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/07/09/the-addams-family-secret |archive-date=July 8, 2018 }}</ref>

Television producer David Levy approached Addams with an offer to create [[The Addams Family (1964 TV series)|''The Addams Family'' television series]], with a little help from the humorist.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-jan-31-mn-59571-story.html "David Levy; Producer Created ''Addams Family''"], ''Los Angeles Times'', January 31, 2000</ref> Addams gave his characters names as well as qualities for actors to use in portrayals; the series ran on ABC from 1964 to 1966.<ref name="maccloskey" />

===Cartoons===
Addams regularly had cartoons in ''The New Yorker'', and he also created the syndicated single-panel comic ''Out of This World'' between 1955 and 1957. Collections of his work include ''Drawn and Quartered'' (1942) and ''Monster Rally'' (1950), the latter with a foreword by [[John O'Hara]].{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=362}} One cartoon shows two men standing in a patent attorney's office; one points a bizarre gun out the window toward the street, saying: "Death ray, fiddlesticks! Why, it doesn't even slow them up!".<ref>{{cite news |last=Williams |first=Christian |author-link=Christian Williams |date=November 17, 1982 |title=Charles Addams |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1982/11/17/charles-addams/c3eb3997-da48-4629-bb6a-84563fd91c5a/ |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |access-date=October 6, 2011}}</ref>

''Dear Dead Days'' (1959) is a scrapbook-like compendium of vintage images (and occasional pieces of text) that appealed to the author's sense of the grotesque, including Victorian woodcuts, vintage medicine-show advertisements, and a boyhood photograph of [[Francesco Lentini]], who had three legs.<ref name="Lambiek">{{cite web |last1=Knudde |first1=Kjell |title=Charles Addams |url=https://www.lambiek.net/artists/a/addams_charles.htm |website=Lambiek Comicobedia |publisher=Lambiek |access-date=17 January 2024}}</ref>

Addams drew more than 1,300 cartoons over the course of his life. Beyond ''The New Yorker'' pages, his cartoons appeared in ''[[Collier's Weekly|Collier's]]'' and ''[[TV Guide]]'',<ref name="maccloskey">{{cite web|url=http://www.westfieldnj.com/addams/|last=MacCloskey|first=Ron|title=Charles Addams|publisher=WestfieldNJ.com|access-date=October 26, 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080919191154/http://westfieldnj.com/addams/|archive-date=September 19, 2008|url-status=live}}</ref> as well as books, calendars, and other merchandise.

The 1957 album ''Ghost Ballads'', featuring folk songs with supernatural themes by singer-guitarist [[Dean Gitter]], was packaged with cover art by Addams depicting a haunted house.<ref name="Jason 2004">{{cite web | author=Jason | title=Scar Stuff: Dean Gitter "Ghost Ballads" (Riverside, RLP 12-636, 1957) | website=Scar Stuff | date=February 28, 2004 | url=http://scarstuff.blogspot.com/2006/04/dean-gitter-ghost-ballads-riverside.html | access-date=May 9, 2017}}</ref>

The [[Mystery Writers of America]] honored Addams with a Special [[Edgar Award]] in 1961 for his body of work. The films ''[[The Old Dark House (1963 film)|The Old Dark House]]'' (1963) and ''[[Murder by Death]]'' (1976) feature title sequences illustrated by Addams.<ref>{{cite book |last=Maxford |first=Howard |date=2019 |title=Hammer Complete: The Films, the Personnel, the Company |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=lfp1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 |location=Jefferson, North Carolina |publisher=[[McFarland & Company]] |page=8 |isbn=978-1-4766-7007-2}}</ref>

In 1946, Addams met science-fiction writer [[Ray Bradbury]] after having drawn an illustration for ''[[Mademoiselle (magazine)|Mademoiselle]]'' magazine's publication of Bradbury's short story "Homecoming", the first in a series of tales chronicling a family of Illinois [[vampire]]s named the Elliotts. The pair became friends and planned to collaborate on a book of the Elliott Family's complete history with Bradbury writing and Addams providing the illustrations, but it never materialized. Bradbury's stories about the "Elliott Family" were finally anthologized in ''[[From the Dust Returned]]'' in October 2001, with a connecting narrative and an explanation of his work with Addams, and Addams's 1946 ''Mademoiselle'' illustration used for the book's cover jacket. Although Addams's own characters were well-established by the time of their initial encounter, in a 2001 interview, Bradbury stated: "[Addams] went his way and created the Addams Family, and I went my own way and created my family in this book."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indiebound.org/author-interviews/bradburyray |title=Ray Bradbury Interview Part 1 |publisher=IndieBound |access-date=January 7, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090203203807/http://www.indiebound.org/author-interviews/bradburyray |archive-date=February 3, 2009 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Janet Maslin]], in a review of an Addams biography for ''[[The New York Times]]'', wrote: "Addams's persona sounds cooked up for the benefit of feature writers&nbsp;... was at least partly a character contrived for the public eye," noting that one outré publicity photo showed the humorist wearing a suit of armor at home, "but the shelves behind him hold books about painting and antiques, as well as a novel by [[John Updike]]."<ref name="maslin">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/26/books/26masl.html?_r=1&oref=slogin&ref=arts&pagewanted=print|last=Maslin|first=Janet|title=In Search of the Dark Muse of a Master of the Macabre|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=October 26, 2006|page=E9|access-date=October 26, 2006}}</ref>

Filmmaker [[Alfred Hitchcock]] was a friend of Addams, and owned two pieces of original Addams art.<ref name="timesdavis" /> Hitchcock references Addams in his 1959 film ''[[North by Northwest]]''. During the auction scene, [[Cary Grant]] discovers two of his adversaries with someone who he also thinks is against him and says: "The three of you together. Now that's a picture only Charles Addams could draw."<ref name="northwestfilm" />

==Personal life==
Addams met first wife [[Barbara Jean Day]] in late 1943, who purportedly resembled his cartoon character Morticia Addams.<ref name="maslin" /> The marriage ended eight years later after Addams declined to have children (she later married ''New Yorker'' colleague [[John Hersey]], author of the book ''[[Hiroshima (book)|Hiroshima]]'').{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=106}}

Addams married second wife Barbara Barb ([[Estelle B. Barb]]) in 1954. A practicing lawyer, she "combined Morticia-like looks with diabolical legal scheming," by which she wound up controlling the ''Addams Family'' television and film franchises and persuaded her husband to give away other legal rights.<ref name="maslin" /> At one point, she got her husband to take out a US$100,000 insurance policy. Addams consulted a lawyer on the sly, who later humorously wrote: "I told him the last time I had word of such a move was in a picture called ''[[Double Indemnity]]'' starring [[Barbara Stanwyck]], which I called to his attention." In the movie, Stanwyck's character plotted her husband's murder.<ref name="maslin" /> The couple divorced in 1956.{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=136}}

Addams was "sociable and debonair". A biographer described him as being "a well-dressed, courtly man with silvery back-combed hair and a gentle manner, he bore no resemblance to a fiend". Figuratively a "[[wikt:lady-killer|ladykiller]]", Addams accompanied women such as [[Greta Garbo]], [[Joan Fontaine]], and [[Jacqueline Kennedy]] on social occasions.<ref name="maslin" /> For about a year after the death of [[Nelson Rockefeller]], Addams dated [[Megan Marshack]], the aide who was with the former US vice president when he died.

Addams married his third and final wife Marilyn Matthews Miller, best known as "Tee" (1926&ndash;2002), in a pet cemetery.<ref name="nytimespace" /> The Addamses moved to [[Sagaponack, New York]] in 1985, where they named their estate "The Swamp".<ref>{{cite book |title=The Addams Family: An Evilution |title-link=The Addams Family: An Evilution |date=2010 |publisher=Pomegranate Communications, Incorporated |editor-first=H. Kevin |editor-last=Miserocchi |isbn=978-0-7649-5388-0}}</ref>

===Death===
Addams died on September 29, 1988, at the age of 76, at [[Saint Clare's Hospital (Manhattan)|St. Clare's Hospital and Health Center]] in New York City, having suffered a heart attack after parking his automobile. An ambulance took him from his apartment to the hospital, where he died in the emergency room.<ref name="nytimespace">{{cite news | last=Pace | first=Eric | date=September 30, 1988 | title=Charles Addams Dead at 76; Found Humor in the Macabre | work=The New York Times | access-date=October 11, 2009 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/30/obituaries/charles-addams-dead-at-76-found-humor-in-the-macabre.html}}</ref> As he had requested, a [[Wake (ceremony)|wake]] was held rather than a funeral; he had wished to be remembered as a "good cartoonist". In accordance with Addams's wishes, he was cremated, and his ashes were interred in the pet cemetery of "The Swamp" estate.{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=318}}

==Legacy==
The Tee & Charles Addams foundation was established in 1999 "to interpret and share the artistic achievement of Charles Addams’s life through exhibitions and programs developed from all works by Charles Addams including the Foundation’s own collections and from its copyrights of the Addams oeuvre." Prior to the [[COVID-19 pandemic]] the foundation offered tours of the couples' property and displayed artefacts from Addams' life.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://charlesaddams.com/history2#/the-foundation |website=Tee & Charles Addams Foundation}}</ref>

The Charles Addams Fine Arts Hall in [[Philadelphia]] was named in his tribute by the University of Pennsylvania in 2001.<ref name="Connaughton 2015">{{cite web | last=Connaughton | first=Clare | title=Charles Addams 'spooky' legacy lives on in Fine Arts community | website=The Daily Pennsylvanian | date=2015-02-21 | url=https://www.thedp.com/article/2015/02/charles-addams-legacy-lives-on-in-fine-arts-building | access-date=2022-12-06}}</ref>

On the occasion of his 100th birthday, January 7, 2012, Charles Addams was honored with a [[Google Doodle]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://doodles.google/doodle/charles-addams-100th-birthday/|title=Charles Addams' 100th Birthday|date=January 7, 2012|website=Google|language=en|access-date=June 10, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190610044856/http://www.google.com/doodles/charles-addams-100th-birthday|archive-date=June 10, 2019|url-status=live}}</ref>

Addams was inducted into the [[New Jersey Hall of Fame]] in 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.tapinto.net/towns/westfield/sections/arts-and-entertainment/articles/westfield-s-dr-virginia-apgar-charles-addams-make-nj-hall-of-fame |title=Westfield's Dr. Virginia Apgar, Charles Addams Make NJ Hall of Fame |last=Kadosh |first=Matt |date=August 7, 2020 |website=[[TAPinto]] |access-date=August 7, 2020}}</ref>

On April 30, 2021, the original art for his macabre holiday illustration "Addams and Evil", a 1947 interior book cartoon from ''The Addams Family Christmas'', sold for $87,500, the author's world auction record, over seven times initial estimates.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Vargas pinup commands $100K at Heritage sale|url=https://www.liveauctioneers.com/news/auctions/auction-results/vargas-pinup-commands-100k-at-heritage-sale/|access-date=2022-05-18|website=liveauctioneers.com|date=12 May 2021 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Works==
[[Image:Deardeaddays.jpg|220px|thumb|''Dear Dead Days'', with [[the Addams Family]] on the cover]]

Books of Addams's drawings or illustrated by him:<ref>Author unknown (date unknown). Tee and Charles Addams Foundation. Retrieved on October 26, 2006, from {{cite web|url=http://www.charlesaddams.com/biography.html |access-date=October 26, 2006 |url-status=dead |title=Career Biography of Charles Samuel Addams |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070712125202/http://www.charlesaddams.com/biography.html |archive-date=July 12, 2007 }}</ref>
Addams also illustrated two books by other authors. First was ''But Who Wakes the Bugler?'' (Houghton & Mifflin, 1940) by Peter DeVries.{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=67}} The other was ''Afternoon In the Attic'' (Dodd, Mead, 1950) by John Kobler.{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=324}} He also provided the cover art for such books as ''The Compleat Practical Joker'' (Doubleday, 1953) by H. Allen Smith and ''Here at The New Yorker'' (Random House, 1975) by Brendan Gill.{{sfn|Davis|2006|p=234}}

*(illustrations) ''But Who Wakes the Bugler?'' (1940) by Peter DeVries
*''Drawn and Quartered'' (1942), first anthology of drawings/cartoons (Random House); re-released 1962 (Simon & Schuster)
*''Addams and Evil'' (1947), second anthology (Simon and Schuster)
*(illustrations) ''Afternoon in the Attic'' (1950), John Kobler's collection of short stories
*''Monster Rally'' (1950) third anthology of drawings (Simon & Schuster)
*''Homebodies'' (1954), fourth anthology (Simon & Schuster)
*''Nightcrawlers'' (1957), fifth anthology (Simon & Schuster)
*''Dear Dead Days: A Family Album'' (1959), compilation book of photos (G.P. Putnam & Sons)
*''Black Maria'' (1960), sixth anthology of drawings (Simon & Schuster)
*''The Groaning Board'' (1964), seventh anthology (Simon & Schuster)
*''The Chas Addams Mother Goose'' (1967), Windmill Books; reissued with additional material 2002
*''My Crowd'' (1970), eighth anthology of drawings (Simon & Schuster)
*''Favorite Haunts'' (1976), ninth anthology (Simon & Schuster)
*''Creature Comforts'' (1981), tenth anthology (Simon & Schuster)
*''The World of Charles Addams'', by Charles Addams (1991), posthumously compiled from works with the copyright owned by his third wife, Marilyn Matthews "Tee" Addams (Knopf) {{ISBN|0-394-58822-3}}
*''Chas Addams Half-Baked Cookbook: Culinary Cartoons for the Humorously Famished'', by Charles Addams (2005), anthology of drawings, some previously unpublished (Simon & Schuster) {{ISBN|0-7432-6775-3}}
*''Happily Ever After: A Collection of Cartoons to Chill the Heart of Your Loved One'', by Charles Addams (2006), anthology of drawings, some previously unpublished (Simon & Schuster) {{ISBN|978-0-7432-6777-9}}
*''[[The Addams Family: An Evilution]]'' (2010), about the evolution of [[The Addams Family]] characters; arranged by H. Kevin Miserocchi (Pomegranate) {{ISBN|978-0-7649-5388-0}}
*''Addams' Apple: The New York Cartoons of Charles Addams'' (2020), anthology of drawings (Pomegranate) {{ISBN|978-0764999369}}

==See also==
{{commons category}}
{{Portal |Cartoons}}
[[Contemporary]] American cartoonists and American illustrators with similar macabre style include:
*[[Robert Crumb]]
*[[Edward Gorey]]
*[[Gary Larson]]
*[[Lorin Morgan-Richards]]
*[[Marvin Townsend]]
*[[Gahan Wilson]]
*[[Gris Grimly]]

==References==
'''Notes'''
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="northwestfilm">{{cite AV media |people=Hitchcock, Alfred (director); Cary Grant (actor) |year=1954 |title=North by Northwest |medium=DVD |time=1:26:42 |publisher=Warner Home Video, Inc. |location=Burbank}}</ref>
<ref name="timesdavis">{{cite news|last=Davis|first=Linda H.|title=First Chapter: 'Charles Addams' |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/books/chapters/1203-1st-davis.html?pagewanted=2&_r=2|access-date=January 13, 2024|newspaper=The New York Times|date=December 3, 2006|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090418153520/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/books/chapters/1203-1st-davis.html?pagewanted=all|archive-date=April 18, 2009|url-access=subscription|page=2|ref=none}}</ref>
}}

'''Bibliography'''
* {{cite book |last=Davis |first=Linda H. |date=2006 |title=Chas Addams: A Cartoonist's Life |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bSMRAQAAMAAJ |location=New York |publisher=[[Random House]] |isbn=978-0-679-46325-2}} Hardcover reissue, Turner, 2021
* Obituary, ''The New York Times'', Sept. 30, 1988, p. A1
* [[Dave Strickler|Strickler, Dave]]. ''Syndicated Comic Strips and Artists, 1924-1995: The Complete Index.'' Cambria, CA: Comics Access, 1995. {{ISBN|0-9700077-0-1}}.
* [https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704784904575111902151787086 "The Charms of the Macabre: Charles Addams's cartoon world is full of loving and caring people. How odd."] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' book review of ''The Addams Family: An Evilution'', edited by H. Kevin Miserocchi.

==External links==
* [http://www.charlesaddams.com/ Charles Addams Foundation]
* {{LCAuth|n50046344|Charles Addams|28|}}

{{The Addams Family}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Addams, Charles}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
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[[Category:20th-century American male artists]]
[[Category:The Addams Family]]
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