Editing Challis, Idaho

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info  ---------------->
| official_name      = Challis, Idaho
| settlement_type    = [[City]]
| image_skyline      = Challis-Idaho.jpg
| image_caption      = Main Street in Challis, May 2007
| motto              = 
| image_map          = File:Custer County Idaho Incorporated and Unincorporated areas Challis Highlighted 1613780.svg
| map_caption        = Location of Challis in Custer County, Idaho.
| pushpin_map        = Idaho#USA
| pushpin_label      = Challis
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the United States
<!-- Location ---->
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = [[United States]]
| subdivision_type1  = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Idaho]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of counties in Idaho|County]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Custer County, Idaho|Custer]]
<!-- Government ---->
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| government_type    = 
| government_footnotes = 
| leader_title       = 
| leader_name        = 
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref          = Imperial
| area_footnotes     = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_16.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=July 9, 2020}}</ref>
| area_total_km2     = 5.04
| area_total_sq_mi   = 1.94
| area_land_km2      = 4.97
| area_land_sq_mi    = 1.92
| area_water_km2     = 0.07
| area_water_sq_mi   = 0.03
<!-- Population ------>
| population_footnotes = <ref name ="wwwcensusgov"/>
| population_total    = 897
| population_as_of    = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
| pop_est_footnotes   = <ref name="USCensusEst2019CenPopScriptOnlyDirtyFixDoNotUse">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2019.html|date=May 24, 2020|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=May 27, 2020}}</ref>
| population_est      = 924
| pop_est_as_of       = 2023
| population_density_km2 = 219.47
| population_density_sq_mi = 568.53
| population_note     = 
<!-- General information  ------>
| timezone            = [[Mountain Time Zone|Mountain (MST)]]
| utc_offset          = -7
| timezone_DST        = [[Mountain Time Zone|MDT]]
| utc_offset_DST      = -6
| elevation_footnotes = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft        = 5214
| coordinates         = {{coord|44|30|12|N|114|13|47|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
| postal_code_type    = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code         = 83226
| area_code           = [[Area code 208|208]]
| blank_name          = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info          = 16-13780
| blank1_name         = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info         = 2409432<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2409432}}</ref>
| website             = 
}}
'''Challis''' is the largest city in [[Custer County, Idaho|Custer County]], [[Idaho]], United States. It is the [[county seat]] and its population was 1,081 at the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]]. The 2020 census showed 902 residents, a 16.6% drop.<ref name="GR6">{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |access-date=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archive-date=2011-05-31 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://lmi.idaho.gov/census|title=Census|website=lmi.idaho.gov}}</ref> And as of 2023, the population increased to 924.<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{Cite web |title=Challis (Custer, Idaho, USA) - Population Statistics, Charts, Map, Location, Weather and Web Information |url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/usa/idaho/custer/1613780__challis/ |access-date=2024-11-18 |website=www.citypopulation.de}}</ref>

==History==
Challis was founded in 1878 and named for A.P. Challis, who was a surveyor when the townsite was laid out.<ref>Boone, Lalia (1988) ''Idaho Place Names'', p. 73. Moscow, ID: [[University of Idaho Press]]. {{ISBN|0-89301-119-3}} (Sources vary as to the spelling of his first name: Alvah/Alvan/Alvin).</ref> Challis [[post office]] was established in 1878.<ref>Helbock, Richard W. (1998) ''United States Post Offices, Volume I - The West'', p. 56. Lake Oswego, OR: La Posta Publications</ref>

[[Twin Peaks Sports]], the [[I.O.O.F. Hall (Challis, Idaho)|I.O.O.F. Hall]], and [[National Register of Historic Places listings in Custer County, Idaho|a number of other buildings in Challis]] are individually listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]], most as a result of an Idaho State Historical Society study of historical resources in the town.

==Highways==
*[[File:US 93.svg|25px]] - [[U.S. Route 93 in Idaho|US 93]] - to [[Salmon, Idaho|Salmon]] (north) and [[Mackay, Idaho|Mackay]] (south)
*{{jct|state=ID|SH|75}} - to [[Stanley, Idaho|Stanley]] (southwest)

The ''Salmon River Scenic Byway'' uses both highways, from Stanley to Salmon. The junction with Highway 75 is south of Challis.

==1983 earthquake==
On Friday, October 28, 1983, the [[1983 Borah Peak earthquake|Borah Peak earthquake]] occurred at 8:06 am [[Mountain Time Zone|MDT]]. The shock measured 6.9 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] and had a maximum [[Mercalli intensity scale|Mercalli intensity]] of IX (''Violent'').  The Challis-Mackay region experienced rather thorough damage, with 11 commercial buildings and 39 homes with major damage; while another 200 houses were damaged, minor to moderately. [[Mackay, Idaho|Mackay]] in particular, about {{convert|50|mi|-1}} southeast of Challis, experienced the most severe damage. Most of the city's large buildings on its Main Street were damaged, to some extent; eight of these buildings were deemed condemned and closed down. Most of these buildings were built from materials such as brick, concrete block, and stone, each varying.<ref name=USGS>{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1983_10_28.php |title=Historic Earthquakes: Borah Peak, Idaho |publisher=[[USGS]] |date=2008-07-16 |access-date=2010-03-30 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090818182604/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/states/events/1983_10_28.php |archive-date=2009-08-18 }}</ref> The two fatalities of the earthquake were in Challis; a store front fell on two children walking to school.<ref name=qusr83>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=uldWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5u4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5273%2C7162184|newspaper=Spokesman-Review|last=Sher|first=Jeff |title=Killer quake rocks northwest|date=October 29, 1983|page=1}}</ref><ref name=idqap>{{cite news|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tphOAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vEwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5029,5531030|newspaper=The (Prescott, AZ) Courier|title=Idaho earthquake kills two school children|agency=Associated Press|date=October 28, 1983|page=2A}}</ref>

== 2020 earthquake ==
{{main|2020 Central Idaho earthquake}}
On Tuesday, March 31, 2020, at 5:52 pm [[Mountain Time Zone|MST]], an earthquake measuring 6.5 on the moment magnitude scale occurred, centered {{convert|45|mi|km}} west of Challis.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us70008jr5/executive|title=M 6.5 - 72km W of Challis, Idaho|date=2020-03-31|website=earthquake.usgs.gov|access-date=2020-03-31}}</ref> This was the second strongest earthquake in the state of Idaho ever recorded.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Blanchard |first1=Nicole |title=Idaho has a history of earthquakes. Here's how they compare to Tuesday's 6.5 quake |url=https://www.idahostatesman.com/news/local/article241669416.html |website=Idaho Statesman |access-date=20 April 2020 |date=31 March 2020}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|1.88|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|1.85|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.03|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.<ref name="Gazetteer files">{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2012-12-18 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120125061959/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-date=2012-01-25 }}</ref>

Challis experiences a [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''[[Semi-arid climate#Cold semi-arid climates|''BSk'']]'') with cold winters, hot summers, and low precipitation throughout the year.

{{Weather box
|location = Challis, Idaho ([[Challis Airport]]), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1895–present
|single line = Yes
|collapsed   = yes
|Jan record high F = 60
|Feb record high F = 65
|Mar record high F = 74
|Apr record high F = 87
|May record high F = 96
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 103
|Aug record high F = 103
|Sep record high F = 99
|Oct record high F = 89
|Nov record high F = 75
|Dec record high F = 63

|Jan avg record high F = 45.0
|Feb avg record high F = 50.9
|Mar avg record high F = 64.7
|Apr avg record high F = 74.1
|May avg record high F = 83.9
|Jun avg record high F = 92.3
|Jul avg record high F = 97.6
|Aug avg record high F = 95.3
|Sep avg record high F = 88.7
|Oct avg record high F = 77.0
|Nov avg record high F = 59.5
|Dec avg record high F = 46.9
|year avg record high F = 97.2

|Jan high F = 29.2
|Feb high F = 36.7
|Mar high F = 49.2
|Apr high F = 56.8
|May high F = 66.8
|Jun high F = 75.5
|Jul high F = 86.9
|Aug high F = 84.9
|Sep high F = 74.5
|Oct high F = 58.5
|Nov high F = 40.5
|Dec high F = 28.8
|year high F =

|Jan mean F = 20.0
|Feb mean F = 26.8
|Mar mean F = 37.3
|Apr mean F = 44.0
|May mean F = 53.4
|Jun mean F = 60.9
|Jul mean F = 69.3
|Aug mean F = 67.4
|Sep mean F = 58.2
|Oct mean F = 45.0
|Nov mean F = 30.5
|Dec mean F = 19.8
|year mean F =

|Jan low F = 10.7
|Feb low F = 17.0
|Mar low F = 25.5
|Apr low F = 31.2
|May low F = 40.0
|Jun low F = 46.3
|Jul low F = 51.7
|Aug low F = 49.9
|Sep low F = 42.0
|Oct low F = 31.6
|Nov low F = 20.6
|Dec low F = 10.8
|year low F =

|Jan avg record low F = -10.4
|Feb avg record low F = -2.5
|Mar avg record low F = 10.0
|Apr avg record low F = 18.2
|May avg record low F = 25.8
|Jun avg record low F = 33.6
|Jul avg record low F = 41.6
|Aug avg record low F = 39.4
|Sep avg record low F = 29.3
|Oct avg record low F = 16.2
|Nov avg record low F = 2.8
|Dec avg record low F = -8.3
|year avg record low F = -15.1

|Jan record low F = -33
|Feb record low F = -31
|Mar record low F = -16
|Apr record low F = 3
|May record low F = 15
|Jun record low F = 24
|Jul record low F = 31
|Aug record low F = 20
|Sep record low F = 17
|Oct record low F = -4
|Nov record low F = -17
|Dec record low F = -34

|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 0.41
|Feb precipitation inch = 0.36
|Mar precipitation inch = 0.46
|Apr precipitation inch = 0.52
|May precipitation inch = 0.93
|Jun precipitation inch = 0.93
|Jul precipitation inch = 0.42
|Aug precipitation inch = 0.45
|Sep precipitation inch = 0.85
|Oct precipitation inch = 0.56
|Nov precipitation inch = 0.52
|Dec precipitation inch = 0.52
|year precipitation inch =

|Jan snow inch = 4.6
|Feb snow inch = 3.0
|Mar snow inch = 2.3
|Apr snow inch = 0.7
|May snow inch = 0.1
|Jun snow inch = 0.0
|Jul snow inch = 0.0
|Aug snow inch = 0.0
|Sep snow inch = 0.0
|Oct snow inch = 0.3
|Nov snow inch = 2.5
|Dec snow inch = 4.0
|year snow inch =

|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 6.4
|Feb precipitation days = 5.4
|Mar precipitation days = 6.8
|Apr precipitation days = 6.8
|May precipitation days = 8.9
|Jun precipitation days = 7.6
|Jul precipitation days = 4.6
|Aug precipitation days = 5.3
|Sep precipitation days = 4.6
|Oct precipitation days = 5.2
|Nov precipitation days = 6.4
|Dec precipitation days = 7.1

|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 3.3
|Feb snow days = 2.2
|Mar snow days = 1.5
|Apr snow days = 0.4
|May snow days = 0.1
|Jun snow days = 0.0
|Jul snow days = 0.0
|Aug snow days = 0.0
|Sep snow days = 0.0
|Oct snow days = 0.2
|Nov snow days = 1.8
|Dec snow days = 3.1

|source 1 = NOAA<ref name=NOAA>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly&stations=USC00101663&format=pdf&dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|title = U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access
|access-date = September 4, 2022
}}
</ref>
|source 2 = National Weather Service (average snowfall/snow days 1895&ndash;1996)<ref name = NOWData>
{{cite web
|url = https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=pih
|publisher = National Weather Service
|title = NOAA Online Weather Data
|access-date = September 4, 2022
}}
</ref>
}}

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1880= 614
|1890= 356
|1910= 338
|1920= 484
|1930= 418
|1940= 620
|1950= 728
|1960= 732
|1970= 784
|1980= 758
|1990= 1073
|2000= 909
|2010= 1081
|2020= 902
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2015}}</ref>
}}

=== 2020 census ===
At the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], there were 897 people, 402 households, and 234 families living in the city. The population density was approximately 485.4 inhabitants per square mile (187.4/km²). There were 529 housing units at an average density of 286 per square mile (110.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 91.9% White, 1% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.4% African American, 1.6% from other races, and 4.8% from two or more races. 6.2% of the population identified as Hispanic or Latino of any race.<ref>{{Cite web |title=City Facts |url=https://www.city-facts.com/}}</ref><ref name="citypopulation.de"/>

Of the 402 households, 24.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 46.5% were married couples living together, 6.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.12, and the average family size was 2.76.<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>

The median age in Challis was 45.5 years. 20.4% of residents were under the age of 18, 4.8% were between 18 and 24, 21.7% were aged 25 to 44, 33.3% were aged 45 to 64, and 19.8% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was approximately 49.3% male and 50.7% female.<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>

===2010 census===
At the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]] there were 1,081 people, 502 households, and 277 families living in the city. The population density was {{convert|584.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 598 housing units at an average density of {{convert|323.2|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2010 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 93.6% White, 0.1% African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 3.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.2%.<ref name ="wwwcensusgov">{{cite web|title=U.S. Census website|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=2012-12-18}}</ref>

Of the 502 households 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.4% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.8% were non-families. 39.0% of households were one person and 15.6% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.14 and the average family size was 2.84.

The median age was 42 years. 21.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 26.3% were from 25 to 44; 28.5% were from 45 to 64; and 17.2% were 65 or older. The gender makeup of the city was 55.0% male and 45.0% female.

===2000 census===
At the [[2000 United States Census|2000 census]] there were 909 people, 410 households, and 248 families living in the city.  The population density was {{convert|510.8|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 525 housing units at an average density of {{convert|295.0|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The [[Race and ethnicity in the United States Census#2000 census|racial makeup]] of the city was 97.14% White, 0.88% Native American, 1.21% from other races, and 0.77% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.85%.<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>

Of the 410 households 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.4% were married couples living together, 5.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.3% were non-families. 35.6% of households were one person and 17.6% were one person aged 65 or older.  The average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.90.

The age distribution was 25.0% under the age of 18, 4.7% from 18 to 24, 26.0% from 25 to 44, 24.9% from 45 to 64, and 19.5% 65 or older.  The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.0 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.3 males.

The median household income was $29,904 and the median family income  was $39,444. Males had a median income of $38,250 versus $21,964 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,803.  About 8.5% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.

== Notable people ==

* [[Lawrence Henry Chamberlain]] (1906–1989), dean of [[Columbia College (New York)|Columbia College]] and vice president of [[Columbia University]]<ref>{{Cite news |date=1950-01-11 |title=PROF. CHAMBERLAIN DEAN AT COLUMBIA; NEW COLUMBIA DEAN |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1950/01/11/archives/prof-chamberlain-dean-at-columbia-new-columbia-dean.html |access-date=2022-05-04 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.challischamber.com/ Challis Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://challisidaho.com/ahome.html Challis Idaho.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121205064712/http://challisidaho.com/ahome.html |date=December 5, 2012 }} - community site
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130117024741/http://www.d181.k12.id.us/challissd/site/default.asp Challis School District #181]
{{Custer County, Idaho}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Idaho]]
[[Category:Cities in Custer County, Idaho]]
[[Category:County seats in Idaho]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1878]]