Editing Chalk Farm

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{{more citations needed|date=April 2016}}
{{Cleanup|reason=fix template formating, add citations, remove speculative theories , remove body links and expand lead|date=October 2020}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2015}}
{{Infobox UK place
| country                  = England
| region                   = London
| map_type                 = Greater London
| population               = 24,977
| population_ref           = Based on maximal two-ward definition based on 2011 census<ref name=ons>{{Cite web |url=http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/ |title=Key Statistics: Dwellings; Quick Statistics: Population Density; Physical Environment: Land Use Survey 2005 |access-date=20 February 2015 |archive-date=11 February 2003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20030211201309/http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| official_name            = Chalk Farm
| coordinates              = {{coord|51.544|-0.152|display=inline,title}}
| os_grid_reference        = TQ2884
| post_town                = LONDON
| postcode_area            = NW
| postcode_district        = NW1, NW3, NW5
| dial_code                = 020
| london_borough           = Camden
| static_image_name        = Chalk Farm station entrance geograph-3300437-by-Ben-Brooksbank.jpg
| static_image_caption     = Junction of [[Adelaide Road]] and Haverstock Hill, outside [[Chalk Farm tube station|Chalk Farm Underground station]] (1984)
| constituency_westminster = [[Holborn and St Pancras (UK Parliament constituency)|Holborn and St Pancras]]
}}

'''Chalk Farm''' is a small urban district of north west [[London]], lying immediately north of [[Camden Town]], in the [[London Borough of Camden]].

==History==
{{main|Camden Town}}

===Manor of Rugmere===
Chalk Farm was originally known as the Manor of Rugmere, an estate that was mentioned in the [[Domesday Book]] of 1086.<ref>Domesday Online resource https://opendomesday.org/place/TQ2983/rug-moor/</ref> The manor was one of five which made up the large [[Civil Parish#Ancient Parishes|Ancient Parish]] of [[St Pancras, London|St Pancras]].<ref>BHO on the manor of Rugmere, ie Chalk Farm, being part of the parish of St Pancras 'Introduction', in Survey of London: Volume 19, the Parish of St Pancras Part 2: Old St Pancras and Kentish Town, ed. Percy Lovell and William McB. Marcham (London, 1938), pp. 1-31. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/survey-london/vol19/pt2/pp1-31 [accessed 16 May 2020].</ref> Rugmere is thought to mean ''the [[Woodcock|Woodcock's]] Pool''.<ref>London, 800-1216: The Shaping of the City p 343, referring to Place Names of Middlesex p142</ref>

[[Henry VIII of England|Henry VIII]] bought part of the manor, detaching it to form the north-eastern part of what would become [[Regent's Park]], the remainder subsequently become more commonly known as Chalk Farm. Both the detached area and the remainder remained part of the parish of [[St Pancras, London|St Pancras]].

In 1786 the estate was sold to [[Charles FitzRoy, 1st Baron Southampton]], it was described as ''commonly known as Chalk Farm''. The term ''Rugmere (or Rug Moor)'' appeared to have endured for some time as a field name.

===Etymology===
[[File:Image taken from page 307 of 'Old and New London, etc' (11190625083).jpg|thumb|Old Chalk Farm in 1870]]
The origin of the name is disputed: it certainly does not derive from the soil, as the area is built on [[London Clay]]. The consensus view is that "Chalk Farm" derives from [[Middle English]] ''Chaldecote'' or ''[[Caldecote (disambiguation)|Caldecote]]'', a common English toponym meaning "cold cottage" first attested in the area of Chalk Farm in 1256. This had become ''Chalcotts'' by the 16th century, and ''Chalk'' by 1746. The full form "Chalk Farm" is a 19th-century coinage, though "Chalcott" remained in use in the early 19th century for a nearby estate, formerly the Upper and Lower Chalcot Farms.<ref>{{cite book|last=Mills|first=A. D.|year=2010|title=A Dictionary of London Place-Names|isbn=978-0199566785|edition=2nd|pages=47–48}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Tallon|first=Philip|year=1999|title=What was a Caldecote?|journal=The Journal of the English Place‑Name Society|volume=31|page=50|quote=''Chaldecote'' 1253 C1, ''Caldecote'' c.1400 Barratt, ''Chalcotes'', ''Chalcotts'' 1531 LP 'Chalk Farm' is a 19th century coinage.}}</ref><ref name="Walford287-300">Edward Walford, 'Primrose Hill and Chalk Farm', in Old and New London: Volume 5 (London, 1878), pp. 287-300. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/old-new-london/vol5/pp287-300 [accessed 16 May 2020].</ref>

The Chalcott estate was farmed from England's Lane in [[Belsize Park]], in the parish of [[Hampstead]], half a mile to the north-west (first recorded as ''Chaldecotes'' in the 13th century). The estate had split into Upper and Lower Chalcot Farms by 1720, but reunited and farmed from Upper Chalcot Farmhouse around 1797. The counter argument{{by whom|date=December 2022}} is that Lower Chalcot Farm was not Chalk Farm as often claimed, but actually farmed from another farmhouse on England's Lane.<ref>T F T Baker, Diane K Bolton and Patricia E C Croot, 'Hampstead: Economic History', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9, Hampstead, Paddington, ed. C R Elrington (London, 1989), pp. 111-130. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp111-130 [accessed 16 May 2020].</ref><ref>T F T Baker, Diane K Bolton and Patricia E C Croot, 'Hampstead: Manor and Other Estates', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9, Hampstead, Paddington, ed. C R Elrington (London, 1989), pp. 91-111. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol9/pp91-111 [accessed 16 May 2020].</ref> If that argument is correct then Chalk Farm was never known as Chalcot, but probably named for the whitewashed farm buildings. Chalk has often been used as a product in [[whitewash]].{{original research inline|date=December 2022}} The farmhouse at Lower Chalcot was sometimes referred to as the ''White House''.<ref name="Walford287-300" />

==Geography==
The area is not formally defined, though the former Manor of Chalk Farm was a component part of the [[Civil Parish#Ancient Parishes|Ancient Parish]] and [[Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras|Borough]] of [[St Pancras, London|St Pancras]]. The core area lies between Chalk Farm Road in the east and St Pancras' western boundary to the west; an area that extends to Ainger Road and takes in part of the [[Primrose Hill]] open space, though the hill itself is in [[Hampstead]].

Chalk Farm includes part of the [[Camden Town with Primrose Hill (ward)|Camden Town with Primrose Hill]] ward, and perhaps also part of the [[Haverstock (ward)|Haverstock]] ward. As of 2020, Camden's wards are being reviewed and these wards will be abolished or have their boundaries redrawn.<ref>Boundary commission on ward bdry review, includes interactive maps https://consultation.lgbce.org.uk/node/15477</ref>

===Neighbouring places===
*[[Primrose Hill]] 
*[[Camden Town]] 
*[[Regent's Park]]
*[[Kentish Town]]
*Maitland Park
*[[St John's Wood]] 
*[[Swiss Cottage]]

==Social conditions==
The south of the area has regular residents on its broadest definition, which is capable of including [[Jude Law]], [[Sadie Frost]] and [[Sienna Miller]] among the highest-grossing early 21st century 'Camden set' of writers, artists and actors, but equally, parts of both wards have some stubborn poverty and a significant minority of their housing is [[social housing]].

Census data for local wards gives an indication of varied social conditions in the area. 
{| class="wikitable"
|- 
|+ '''2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005<ref name=ons />'''
|-
!Output area
||Homes owned outright
||Owned with a loan
||Socially rented
||Privately rented
||Other
||km<sup>2</sup> green spaces
||km<sup>2</sup> roads
||km<sup>2</sup> water
||km<sup>2</sup> domestic gardens
||km<sup>2</sup> domestic buildings
||km<sup>2</sup> non-domestic buildings
||Usual residents
||km<sup>2</sup>
|- align=center
|[[Haverstock (ward)|Haverstock]]
|| 677
||727
||2,583
||1,156
||111
||0.10
||0.01
||0.00
||0.15
||0.10
||0.08
||12,364
||0.73
|- align=center
|[[Camden Town with Primrose Hill (ward)|Camden Town with Primrose Hill]]
||1,122
||882
||1,802
||1,974
||125
||0.16
||0.02
||0.02
||0.18
||0.15
||0.17
||12,613
||1.17
|}

==Transport==
[[Chalk Farm tube station|Chalk Farm]] on the north–south [[Northern line]], Edgware branch. The nearest [[London Overground|London Overground station]] (east–west) is centred {{convert|0.5|mi}} east: [[Kentish Town West railway station|Kentish Town West]].

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Commons category multi|Chalk Farm tube station|Chalk Farm Road|Chalk Farm Road Bridge}}
{{LB Camden}}{{Areas of London}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Areas of London]]
[[Category:Districts of the London Borough of Camden]]
[[Category:Places formerly in Middlesex]]