Editing Chakotay

{{short description|Character from Star Trek: Voyager}}
{{Infobox character
| name        = Chakotay
| series      = [[Star Trek]]
| image       = Chakotay.jpg
| caption     = Promotional image of Robert Beltran as Chakotay in ''Star Trek: Voyager''
| first       = "[[Caretaker (Star Trek: Voyager)|Caretaker]]" (1995)
| last =
| portrayer   = {{Plainlist|
* [[Robert Beltran]]
* [[Douglas Spain]] ([[Tattoo (Star Trek: Voyager)|as a youth]])
}}
| species     = Human
| affiliation = {{Unbulleted list|[[Maquis (Star Trek)|Maquis]]|[[Starfleet]]}}
| lbl23       = Posting
| data23      = Commanding Officer, USS ''Protostar'' (''[[Star Trek: Prodigy|PRO]]'') <br>
First officer, [[USS Voyager (Star Trek)|USS ''Voyager'']] (''[[Star Trek: Voyager|VOY]]'') (Federation)
| lbl31       = [[Star Trek uniforms|Rank]]
| data31      = {{Unbulleted list|Starfleet Captain (''[[Star Trek: Prodigy|PRO]]'')|Starfleet Commissioned&nbsp;Lieutenant&nbsp;Commander|Field Commissioned Provisional Commander (''[[Star Trek: Voyager|VOY]]'')}}
{{Unbulleted list|Captain of Maquis Raider ''Val Jean''}}
}}

'''Chakotay''' {{IPAc-en|tʃ|ə|ˈ|k|oʊ|t|eɪ}} is a fictional character who appears in each of the seven seasons of the American [[science fiction on television|science fiction television series]] ''[[Star Trek: Voyager]]''. Portrayed by [[Robert Beltran]], he was [[Executive Officer (military)|First Officer]] aboard the [[Starfleet]] starship [[USS Voyager (Star Trek)|USS ''Voyager'']], and later promoted to captain in command of the ''USS Protostar'' in ''[[Star Trek: Prodigy]]''. The character was suggested at an early stage of the development of the series. He is the first [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] main character in the ''[[Star Trek]]'' franchise. This was a deliberate move by the producers of the series, who sought to inspire minorities - specifically Native Americans -  as was intended with [[Uhura]] in ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'' for [[African American]]s. To develop the character, the producers sought the assistance of [[Jamake Highwater]], who falsely claimed to be Native American. Despite first being named by producers as a [[Sioux]], and later a [[Hopi people|Hopi]], Chakotay was given no tribal affiliation at the start of the series, and eventually was assigned ancestry with a fictional tribe in the episode "[[Tattoo (Star Trek: Voyager)|Tattoo]]”. It wasn't until his appearance in ''Star Trek: Prodigy'' that he was formally identified as a descendant of the [[Nicarao people]] of Central America.

The character first appeared in the pilot episode of the series, "[[Caretaker (Star Trek: Voyager)|Caretaker]]". Chakotay continued to appear throughout the series in a main cast role, with his final appearance in the finale, "[[Endgame (Star Trek: Voyager)|Endgame]]". He was featured in an ongoing storyline throughout the [[Star Trek: Voyager season 1|first]] and [[Star Trek: Voyager season 2|second]] seasons, which featured the betrayal of his former lover [[Seska]] ([[Martha Hackett]]) until her death in "[[Basics (Star Trek: Voyager)|Basics]]". Following his experience with disconnected [[Borg (Star Trek)|Borg]] in "[[Unity (Star Trek: Voyager)|Unity]]", Chakotay was against an alliance with the Borg in "[[Scorpion (Star Trek: Voyager)|Scorpion]]", nearly leading to the death of [[Seven of Nine]] ([[Jeri Ryan]]). Despite this, by the end of the series, the two characters were in a romantic relationship. In the [[Star Trek: Voyager#Book relaunch|''Voyager'' relaunch novels]] set after the vessel's return to the [[Alpha Quadrant]], Chakotay is promoted to captain of the ship, but the relationship with Seven has ended.

Reviewers of Chakotay were critical of the stereotypical nature of Chakotay's Native American heritage. This led to comparisons with [[Tonto]] from ''[[The Lone Ranger]]'', and that the inclusion of "Hollywood" versions of [[vision quest]]s and [[meditation]] techniques were contrary to the character's in-universe tribal background.<ref name=adare45/> However, he was praised as a role model for Native American science fiction and called "ground-breaking",<ref name=adare90/> as well as the most prominent example of a Native American character within this genre.<ref name=asjournal>{{cite web|title="A Cuchi Moya!" — Star Trek's Native Americans|date=13 March 2007 |url=http://www.asjournal.org/49-2007/star-treks-native-americans}}</ref>

==Concept and development==
{{Quote box
 |quote = As a leader, he is steady, fearless, and capable of inspiring absolute devotion. Though he comes onto ''Voyager'' more by necessity than choice, he quickly wins the respect of even the most die-hard Starfleet veterans. He strikes an immediate and powerful bond with Janeway, and an unusual one with Kim, who through Chakotay's example begins to question his own homogenization and the loss of his traditional values.
 |source = [[Rick Berman]], [[Michael Piller]], [[Jeri Taylor]], Chakotay's description, ''Star Trek: Voyager Bible'', 1995<ref name=bible13/>
 | width  = 30em
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}}
The inclusion of a [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native American]] character in ''Star Trek: Voyager'' was suggested at an early stage in the development of the series. The [[Television producer|producer]]s were looking for an ethnic background which had not been seen before as a main character in the franchise. It was hoped that a Native American character would prove to be an inspiration in the same way that the appearance of [[Nyota Uhura|Uhura]] in ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series]]'' later inspired [[Whoopi Goldberg]] and other [[African American]]s.<ref name=poe174>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 174</ref> [[Executive producer]] [[Jeri Taylor]] said: "It seemed to us that Native Americans needed that same kind of role model and that same kind of boost&nbsp;... the future looks good, you have purpose, you have worth, you have value, you will be leaders, you will be powerful. That was one character choice we had early on."<ref name=poe174/> Taylor's notes from the early production in July 1993 describe the character as "First Officer – a human native American male, a '[[Queequeg]]' person who has renounced Earth and lives as an expatriate on another planet. A mystical, mysterious man with whom the Captain has some prior connection, not explained."<ref name=poe176>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 176</ref> A month later, this description was expanded with the line, "This man has made another choice – to re-enter the world of [[Starfleet]]."<ref name=poe189>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 189</ref> Chakotay was not the first Native American character to appear in the franchise, with "[[The Paradise Syndrome]]" in the [[Star Trek: The Original Series season 3|third season]] of ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' showing a group of displaced humans following a Native American–like culture.<ref>[[#wagnarlundeen1998|Wagnar & Lundeen (1998)]]: p. 178</ref>

The producers aimed to develop some conflict between the members of the crew to produce a scenario similar to the [[Bajoran]] / Starfleet relationship seen in ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'', but wanted the characters to share the same ideals.<ref name=poe200/> To do this, the [[Maquis (Star Trek)|Maquis]] were created – a group of [[Federation (Star Trek)|Federation]] colonists from the [[Cardassian]] border in a disputed territory who were joined by some Starfleet officers who joined them to fight for their rights.<ref name=poe201>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 201</ref> The producers had the Maquis introduced in other ''Star Trek'' series before ''Voyager'' in four episodes; two in ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'' and two in ''Deep Space Nine''. It was a deliberate reference to the political situation in the [[West Bank]].<ref name=poe200>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 200</ref>
[[File:Robert Beltran (8733362587).jpg|thumb|left|upright|Chakotay was played by Robert Beltran across all seven seasons of ''Star Trek: Voyager''.]]
In developing Chakotay, the producers sought the assistance of [[Jamake Highwater]],<ref name=poe199>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 199</ref> a writer of more than 25 books of both fiction and non-fiction related to Native American myths and traditions.<ref name="poe200"/><ref name=papers>{{cite web|last1=O'Keefe|first1=Laura K.|last2=Malsbury|first2=Susan|title=Jamake Highwater papers|url=http://www.nypl.org/sites/default/files/archivalcollections/pdf/1395.pdf|publisher=The New York Public Library Humanities and Social Services Library Manuscript and Archives Division|date=July 2010|access-date=February 20, 2014}}</ref> Highwater was a controversial choice of advisor, having been exposed by [[Hank Adams]] and [[Vine Deloria, Jr.]] as taking a fake Native American ancestry to sell books.<ref name=vizenor181>[[#vizenor1994|Vizenor (1994)]]: p. 181</ref> Around September 21, 1993, Highwater gave seven pages of notes to producers regarding Chakotay's backstory, but his tribal ancestry was unresolved.<ref name=poe206>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 206</ref> By the end of that month, [[Michael Piller]] drafted the first version of the [[writer's bible]] for the series in which the character was named "Chakotoy".<ref name=poe208>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 208</ref> By the time Piller wrote the first draft of the story that eventually became the ''Voyager'' pilot "[[Caretaker (Star Trek: Voyager)|Caretaker]]", the character was known as "Chakotay" and been made a [[Sioux]]. By the third draft of the story, submitted at the start of November, he had become a [[Hopi people|Hopi]], but by the following February, he once again had no tribal affiliation.<ref name=poe221>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 221</ref>

[[Winrich Kolbe]], the director of "Caretaker", was involved in casting the main cast for the series. He described the casting process for the part of Chakotay as difficult due to the lower numbers of [[Native Americans in the United States|Native Americans]] who were in the [[Screen Actors Guild]].<ref name=maiden>{{cite news|last=Gross|first=Edward|title=Maiden Voyage|url=http://www.vidiot.com/st-voy/articles/Article01.html|access-date=June 24, 2013|newspaper=Cinescape|date=January 1995}}</ref> The casting process came down to two actors, and the producers decided on [[Robert Beltran]], who until then was best known for appearing in the [[soap opera]] ''[[Models Inc.]]'' and was of [[Mexicans|Mexican]] heritage.<ref name=maiden/><ref>[[#trevino|Treviño (2001)]]: p. 365</ref> Beltran was not familiar with ''Star Trek'' before auditioning, and went along on the strength of the "Caretaker" script which showed the character becoming the second in command of ''Voyager'' after both their vessels are stranded in the [[Delta quadrant]].<ref name=catchup1>{{cite web|title=Catching Up With Robert Beltran, Part 1|url=http://www.startrek.com/article/catching-up-with-robert-beltran-part-1|publisher=Star Trek.com|date=July 20, 2012|access-date=February 15, 2014}}</ref><ref>[[#booker2004|Booker (2004)]]: p. 126</ref> Beltran explained the audition experience: "I felt neutral about the audition, didn't much care one way or the other. I went in the first time and wasn't really trying to get the part. They asked to see me again, and they wanted to see more of an edge to the character."<ref name=poe279>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 279</ref>

Chakotay was originally written as a "calm, stoic" character, but Beltran expanded on the character during the audition process, something that Kolbe credited him for.<ref name=maiden/> The writer's bible described Chakotay as a very traditional Native American with an altar and traditional art in his quarters. It also mentioned his [[spirit guide]],<ref name=bible13>[[#bermanpillertaylor1995|Berman; Piller; Taylor (1995)]]: p. 13</ref> something which was picked up in the media report in ''[[TV Guide]]''.<ref>{{cite news|last=Logan|first=Michael|title=Voyager – A 'Star Trek' is Born|url=http://www.vidiot.com/st-voy/articles/tvguide01.html|access-date=June 29, 2013|newspaper=TV Guide|date=October 8, 1994}}</ref> Beltran wore a facial tattoo while playing Chakotay, which was applied with make-up. The design was created by [[Michael Westmore]], who deliberately created it so it did not represent any particular tribal culture.<ref name=poe283>[[#poe1998|Poe (1998)]]: p. 283</ref> The in-universe story of the tattoo and Chakotay's tribal origins were explained in the episode "[[Tattoo (Star Trek: Voyager)|Tattoo]]".<ref name=wagnar180>[[#wagnarlundeen1998|Wagnar & Lundeen (1998)]]: p. 180</ref>

Beltran gained the reputation on-set as a comedian.<ref>{{cite news|last=Becker Salmas|first=Eileen|title=Mulgrew Launches New-Age 'Voyager'|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-816426.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063547/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-816426.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=The Washington Post|date=January 15, 1995}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Following the [[Star Trek: Voyager season 1|first season]] and during a group interview with ''[[The Washington Times]]'', Beltran joked that he was asked to perform in ''[[Hamlet]]'' during the summer in [[Albuquerque]], but had been asked to wear Chakotay's facial tattoo.<ref>{{cite news|last=Spelling|first=Ian|title='Voyager's' Cast Difficult to Typecast|url=https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-56834954|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=The Washington Times|date=July 7, 1996}}{{Dead link|date=September 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{subscription required}}</ref> During that time, he worked on the [[Oliver Stone]] film ''[[Nixon (film)|Nixon]]'' (1995).<ref>{{cite news|last=Miller|first=Ron|title=TV Stars Switch Gears during Summer Vacation|url=https://www.questia.com/library/1P2-32945437/tv-stars-switch-gears-during-summer-vacation#articleDetails|archive-url=https://archive.today/20140215133556/http://www.questia.com/library/1P2-32945437/tv-stars-switch-gears-during-summer-vacation%23articleDetails|url-status=dead|archive-date=February 15, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=St Louis Post-Dispatch|date=June 28, 1995}}{{subscription required}}</ref> During the period when ''Voyager'' was run by Taylor and Piller as the executive producers, Beltran gave feedback on the character which was taken into account. He later explained that this ended following the introduction of [[Jeri Ryan]] as [[Seven of Nine]] onto the cast and [[Brannon Braga]] taking over from Taylor and Piller. Beltran felt that Chakotay was one of the characters alongside [[Harry Kim (Star Trek)|Harry Kim]], [[Tuvok]], and [[Neelix]] who were left behind by the new writers, who tended to concentrate on Janeway, Seven, and [[Doctor (Star Trek: Voyager)|The Doctor]].<ref name=catchup1/>

Beltran said that he was not aware of the effects this was having on the rest of the cast, saying: "For me it was like, 'OK, you can fire me if you want to. Go ahead, and I'll leave.'"<ref name=catchup1/> He compared his experience on ''Voyager'' to working in a car factory, and said that the repetitive scenes meant that it limited his creativity.<ref name=catchingup2>{{cite web|title=Catching Up With Robert Beltran, Part 2|url=http://www.startrek.com/article/catching-up-with-robert-beltran-part-2|publisher=Star Trek.com|date=July 21, 2012|access-date=February 15, 2014}}</ref> Beltran explained that it did not affect his relationship with the other actors, and in the end, he felt the producers decided to keep him on the cast as it did not make "very much difference, except to a very, very small percentage of fans who maybe didn't like what I said."<ref name=catchup1/>

In an interview to publicize the final episode of ''Voyager'', "Endgame", Beltran said: "We all had a great relationship with each other and we've all said how much we enjoy our crew. We have a terrific crew. But at the same time, I'm looking forward to what's next. It's exciting to know that something unknown is next."<ref>{{cite news|title='Star Trek: Voyager' Ends In 2-Hour Show|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-74627497.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063554/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-74627497.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=The Cincinnati Post|date=May 10, 2001}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The final episode introduced a romance between Seven of Nine and Chakotay. Ryan found this relationship confusing for the characters, as although it had been suggested in the episode "[[Human Error (Star Trek: Voyager)|Human Error]]", in the intervening episodes, the producers had told her and Beltran to ignore it.<ref>{{cite web|title=Catching Up with Voyager's Jeri Ryan – Part 1|url=http://www.startrek.com/article/catching-up-with-voyagers-jeri-ryan-part-1|publisher=Star Trek.com|date=March 29, 2011|access-date=March 6, 2014}}</ref>

==Appearances==

===Background===
Chakotay's backstory was explained during the course of ''Star Trek: Voyager''. He was born in 2329 on a Federation colony near Cardassian space in the demilitarized zone.<ref name=tattooep/> While young, he was looked after by his grandfather.<ref name=thefight>{{Cite episode |title=The Fight|episode-link=The Fight (Star Trek: Voyager) |series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Menosky, Joe; Taylor, Michael |network=UPN |date=March 24, 1999 |season=5 |number=19}}</ref> At the age of 15, Chakotay visited Earth with his father, who sought to find his tribe's ancestral home in [[Central America]] and the descendants of the Rubber Tree People. He was resistant to this,<ref name=tattooep>{{Cite episode |title=Tattoo|episode-link=Tattoo (Star Trek: Voyager) |series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Brody, Larry; Piller, Michael |network=UPN |date=November 6, 1995 |season=2 |number=9}}</ref> and instead dreamed of going into space and had heroes such as John Kelly, a pioneering [[astronaut]] in the early 21st century.<ref name=onesmallstep>{{Cite episode |title=One Small Step|episode-link=One Small Step (Star Trek: Voyager) |series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Wollaeger, Mike; Scott, Jessica; Fuller, Bryan; Taylor, Michael |network=UPN |date=November 17, 1999 |season=6 |number=8}}</ref> He chose to enter [[Starfleet Academy]] against his father's wishes, and his entry was sponsored by Captain Sulu.<ref name=tattooep/><sup>{{anchor|ref_A1}}[[#endnote A|[A]]]</sup> He attended Starfleet Academy from 2344 to 2348, where he engaged in the sport of boxing.<ref name=tattooep/><ref name=thefight/> After graduating, he was assigned to a starship. One of his earliest away missions resulted in a diplomatic incident on Ktaria VII,<ref name=emanations>{{Cite episode |title=Emanations|episode-link=Emanations (Star Trek: Voyager) |series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon |network=UPN |date=March 13, 1995 |season=1 |number=9}}</ref> and he was also on the team that made first contact with the Tarkannans.<ref name=innocence>{{Cite episode |title=Innocence|episode-link=Innocence (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Klink, Lisa; Conway, James L.|network=UPN |date=April 8, 1996 |season=2 |number=22}}</ref>

He was assigned as an instructor in Starfleet's Advanced Tactical Training and achieved the rank of lieutenant commander. Following the death of his father in 2368 while defending his colony from the Cardassians, Chakotay resigned his Starfleet commission and joined the Maquis.<ref name=intheflesh>{{Cite episode |title=In The Flesh|episode-link=In The Flesh (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Sagan, Nick|network=UPN |date=November 4, 1998 |season=5 |number=4 }}</ref> At the time of his resignation, one of his students was [[Ro Laren]].<ref name=stbiochakotay>{{cite web|title=Chakotay|url=http://www.startrek.com/database_article/chakotay|publisher=StarTrek.com|access-date=February 23, 2014}}</ref><ref name=preemptive>{{Cite episode |title=Preemptive Strike|episode-link=Preemptive Strike (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|series=Star Trek: The Next Generation|series-link=Star Trek: The Next Generation|credits=Shankar, Naren; Echevarria, René |date=May 16, 1994 |season=7 |number=24}}</ref> After he joined the Maquis, he became captain of a vessel named the ''Val Jean'', with a crew which among others included his lover [[Seska]] ([[Martha Hackett]]), [[B'Elanna Torres]] ([[Roxann Dawson]]), and Tuvok ([[Tim Russ]]), who was actually Captain Janeway's Chief of Security, on an undercover mission to infiltrate the Maquis.<ref name=caretaker>{{Cite episode |title=Caretaker|episode-link=Caretaker (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Berman, Rick; Piller, Michael; Taylor, Jeri|network=UPN |date=January 16, 1995 |season=1 |number=1 & 2}}</ref>

===''Star Trek: Voyager''===

====The Kazon and Seska====
In the pilot episode of ''Voyager'', while the crew on the ''Val Jean'' seek to evade a Cardassian vessel captained by [[Gul Evek]] ([[Richard Poe]]) in the [[Badlands (Star Trek)|Badlands]], the vessel is transported some 70,000 light years across the galaxy into the [[Delta Quadrant]] by the creature known as the Caretaker. After the Federation starship [[USS Voyager (Star Trek)|USS ''Voyager'']] is also trapped in the Delta Quadrant and Tuvok was revealed to be a Starfleet agent, Chakotay agrees with Captain [[Kathryn Janeway]] ([[Kate Mulgrew]]) to work together to find two of their missing crew. Following an attack by the [[Kazon]], Chakotay destroyed the ''Val Jean'' to save ''Voyager'' and the Maquis crew joined the Federation ship. Chakotay was given a provisional rank of commander and named executive officer, the second-in-command of the vessel and the crew seeks to return home to the [[Alpha Quadrant]].<ref name=caretaker/>

The Kazon continue to be a hindrance during ''Voyager''{{'s}} initial period in the Delta Quadrant, with Chakotay dismayed in "[[State of Flux]]" when Seska is revealed as a Cardassian spy who has been providing technology to the Kazon to seek an alliance. She escapes ''Voyager'' and sides with the Kazon-Nistrim, one of the factions within that species.<ref name=stateofflux>{{Cite episode |title=State of Flux|episode-link=State of Flux|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Coyle, Paul Robert; Abbott, Chris|network=UPN |date=April 10, 1995 |season=1 |number=11}}</ref> Chakotay is rendered brain dead, but is made into a disembodied spirit able to possess other crewmembers in "[[Cathexis (Star Trek: Voyager)|Cathexis]]". The incident occurs while Tuvok and he were investigating a [[dark matter]] [[nebula]], and he sought to prevent the ship from returning there, as an alien species wants to feed on the crew's neural energy. After ''Voyager'' enters the nebula, Chakotay possesses Neelix ([[Ethan Phillips]]) and guides the ship out using a [[medicine wheel]] as a map. Shortly afterwards, The Doctor ([[Robert Picardo]]) is able to restore Chakotay's mind into his body.<ref name=Cathexis>{{Cite episode |title=Cathexis |episode-link=Cathexis (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Menosky, Joe|network=UPN |date=May 1, 1995 |season=1 |number=13}}</ref> At the end of the first season, Chakotay supported Tuvok's aim of helping the former Maquis crew adapt better to life on ''Voyager'' in "[[Learning Curve (Star Trek: Voyager)|Learning Curve]]", by showing them the enforcement techniques of the Maquis.<ref name=learning>{{Cite episode |title=Learning Curve|episode-link=Learning Curve (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Matthias, Jean Louise; Wilkerson, Ronald|network=UPN |date=May 22, 1995 |season=1 |number=16}}</ref>

In the [[Star Trek: Voyager season 2|second season]] episode "Tattoo", Chakotay meets with an alien race who influenced the ancestors of his tribe. They perceived ''Voyager'' as a threat because they had thought his people had been wiped out. He was able to resolve the problem using the teachings of his father.<ref name=tattooep /> The Kazon returned and attacked ''Voyager'' in "[[Maneuvers (Star Trek: Voyager)|Maneuvers]]", where they stole a transporter control module. Chakotay took it upon himself to retrieve the device, recognising that Seska was behind it. He managed to destroy it, but was captured and tortured by the Kazon in the process. He was rescued by ''Voyager'', and shortly afterwards, he was contacted by Seska, who informed him that she had impregnated herself with his [[DNA]].<ref name=maneuvers>{{Cite episode |title=Maneuvers |episode-link=Maneuvers (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Biller, Kenneth|network=UPN |date=November 20, 1995 |season=2 |number=11}}</ref> In "[[Resolutions (Star Trek: Voyager)|Resolutions]]", Chakotay and Janeway are infected with a virus which requires them to quarantine themselves on a nearby planet. The two began to show signs of affection for each other, but their stay is short-lived after ''Voyager'' under the captaincy of Tuvok agrees a deal with the [[Vidiian]]s for a cure. The pair agree to return to the status quo on ''Voyager'', but remain good friends.<ref name=resolutions>{{Cite episode |title=Resolutions|episode-link=Resolutions (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Taylor, Jeri|network=UPN |date=May 13, 1996 |season=2 |number=25 }}</ref>

Chakotay was contacted by Seska in "[[Basics (Star Trek: Voyager)|Basics]]" to say that his son had been born, and the Kazon were threatening to condemn her to the life of a slave. ''Voyager'' attempted to extract Seska and the child, but it was a trap and resulted in the Kazon boarding the vessel and stranding the Federation/Maquis crew on a nearby planet. While [[Tom Paris]] ([[Robert Duncan McNeil]]), The Doctor, and [[Lon Suder]] ([[Brad Dourif]]), along with allied [[Talaxian]] forces, sought to retake ''Voyager'', Chakotay was instrumental in the crew's survival on the planet. He saved [[Kes (Star Trek)|Kes]] ([[Jennifer Lien]]) from a local tribe, and built an alliance with them. The crew retook ''Voyager'', and in the process Seska was killed. The child was discovered not to be Chakotay's, but instead a Cardassian/Kazon hybrid and the son of the Kazon-Nistrim leader First Maje Culluh ([[Anthony De Longis]]).<ref name=basics1>{{Cite episode |title=Basics (part 1)|episode-link=Basics (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Piller, Michael|network=UPN |date=May 20, 1996 |season=2 |number=26}}</ref><ref name=basics2>{{Cite episode |title=Basics (part 2)|episode-link=Basics (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Piller, Michael|network=UPN |date=September 4, 1996 |season=3 |number=1}}</ref>

====Entering Borg space====
The first indication that ''Voyager'' was approaching [[Borg (Star Trek)|Borg]] space was shown in the episode "[[Unity (Star Trek: Voyager)|Unity]]". While investigating a Federation [[distress call]] in a [[Shuttlecraft (Star Trek)|shuttlecraft]], Chakotay was injured by the natives of a planet. Another group saves him, and Chakotay discovers that the colonists are former Borg whose access to the main [[Group mind (science fiction)|hive-mind]] was disrupted. He is linked to a local hive-mind to help him to heal, and after being returned to ''Voyager'', he is forced against his will to reactivate the colonists' former [[Borg Cube]]. Chakotay is released from the new "cooperative" after the Cube self-destructs, leaving the planet with a hive-mind separate from the main collective.<ref name=unity>{{Cite episode |title=Unity|episode-link=Unity (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Biller, Kenneth|network=UPN |date=February 12, 1997 |season=3 |number=17 m }}</ref> Chakotay is captured by the Voth scientist Gegen ([[Henry Woronicz]]) in "[[Distant Origin]]", who is seeking to prove his hypothesis that the Voth came from Earth. When Gegen is placed on trial by his people, Chakotay seeks to argue in his defense. Ultimately, Gegen is forced to back down to save ''Voyager'' after the Voth threaten to destroy the vessel. Before they depart, Chakotay gives a model globe of the Earth to Gegen as a present.<ref name=distantorigin>{{Cite episode |title=Distant Origin|episode-link=Distant Origin|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Menoksy, Joe|network=UPN |date=April 30, 1997 |season=3 |number=23}}</ref>
[[File:Jeri Ryan by Gary Burke (2010).jpg|thumb|right|upright|The relationship between Chakotay and Seven of Nine, played by Jeri Ryan ''(pictured)'', eventually led to romance by the end of the series.]]
His experience with the disconnected Borg resulted in Chakotay being against a plan to ally with the Borg against [[Species 8472]] in "[[Scorpion (Star Trek: Voyager)|Scorpion]]", causing conflict between Captain Janeway and him. The alliance results in Seven of Nine and a number of other Borg drones being placed on ''Voyager'' and Janeway injured. Although he was ordered to continue with the alliance, Chakotay seeks to renegotiate the alliance, but Seven refuses any changes. When she opens a rift to [[Fluidic Space]], Chakotay decompresses the [[cargo bay]], sending all the Borg drones out into space with the exception of Seven. Later, when the Borg attempt to double-cross ''Voyager'', Chakotay activates his localised neural link, confusing Seven and allowing Torres to disable her link to the Collective permanently.<ref name=scorp1>{{Cite episode |title=Scorpion (part 1)|episode-link=Scorpion (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Menosky, Joe; Livingston, David|network=UPN |date=May 21, 1997 |season=3 |number=26 }}</ref><ref name=scorp2>{{Cite episode |title=Scorpion (part 2)|episode-link=Scorpion (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Menosky, Joe; Kolbe, Winrich|network=UPN |date=May 21, 1997 |season=4 |number=1}}</ref>

Chakotay played an important role when ''Voyager'' was attacked in their dreams by a species that existed in a shared dream state, using meditative techniques of his people to induce a state of lucid dreaming that allowed him to wake himself up and plant a mental "command" that he would see Earth's moon in any dream. With the rest of the crew asleep with the exception of the Doctor, Chakotay was able to track down the aliens' home planet, ordering the Doctor to destroy the canyon where the dream species slept if they would not release the rest of the crew. During the "[[Year of Hell]]", Chakotay is captured by the [[Krenim]] scientist Annorax ([[Kurtwood Smith]]) on a Time Ship. The two first attempt to work together as Annorax agrees to restore the now damaged ''Voyager'' if Chakotay complies with his demands. After Annorax wipes out a species, though, he helps to disable the ship, allowing Captain Janeway to destroy it by ramming ''Voyager'' into it. This results in the timeline being reset, and the events of the episode were undone.<ref name=hell>{{Cite episode |title=Year of Hell|episode-link=Year of Hell|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Menosky, Joe|network=UPN |date=November 5, 1997 |season=4 |number=8 & 9}}</ref> In "[[Unforgettable (Star Trek: Voyager)|Unforgettable]]", he falls in love with Kellin ([[Virginia Madsen]]), a member of a [[xenophobic]] race who have developed a technology to prevent others from forming long-term memories of them. As such, he is informed that they were previously in love when she was on ''Voyager'' a month earlier, and rekindle their relationship despite Chakotay not remembering the earlier encounter. Another member of her race removes Kellin's memories of Chakotay and installs a virus to remove all records of their race. Chakotay takes to writing out his memories of Kellin on paper so that he will not forget them.<ref name=unforgettable>{{Cite episode |title=Unforgettable|episode-link=Unforgettable (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Elliot, Greg; Perricone, Michael|network=UPN |date=April 22, 1998 |season=4 |number=22}}</ref>

He was placed in command of ''Voyager'' after Seven was captured by the Borg in "[[Dark Frontier]]" and destroyed a [[transwarp]] conduit.<ref name=darkfrontier>{{Cite episode |title=Dark Frontier|episode-link=Dark Frontier|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Menosky, Joe|network=UPN |date=February 17, 1999 |season=5 |number=15 & 16}}</ref> Chakotay is later one of the members of the crew who were captured by Borg children in "[[Collective (Star Trek: Voyager)|Collective]]" and was saved after Seven's intervention.<ref name=collective>{{Cite episode |title=Collective|episode-link=Collective (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Price, Andrew Sheperd; Gaberman, Mark; Taylor, Michael|network=UPN |date=February 16, 2000|season=6 |number=16}}</ref> Initially, Chakotay and Seven did not get along,<ref name=scorp2/> but he would come to realise that he was mistaken in that opinion.<ref name=regress>{{Cite episode |title=Infinite Regress|episode-link=Infinite Regress (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Doherty, Robert J.; Diggs, Jimmy|network=UPN |date=November 25, 1998|season=5 |number=7}}</ref> Towards the end of the [[Star Trek: Voyager season 7|seventh season]] in "Human Error", Seven simulates a relationship with Chakotay on the [[holodeck]]. A Borg implant was preventing her from feeling strong emotions without any physical ill effects, which prevented her from seeking a romantic relationship with the real Chakotay.<ref name=humanerror>{{Cite episode |title=Human Error|episode-link=Human Error (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Braga, Brannon; Biller, Kenneth; Bormanis, André|network=UPN |date=March 7, 2001|season=7 |number=18}}</ref> By the time of the series finale, "Endgame", The Doctor had managed to remove the implant, allowing Seven to pursue a relationship with Chakotay. The alternative future seen at the start of the episode showed that Seven and Chakotay were eventually married, but she died while ''Voyager'' was still travelling home. Chakotay died in 2394, following ''Voyager''{{'s}} return, and Admiral Janeway visits his grave marker in that episode. This future was undone by the future Janeway travelling back in time to ''Voyager''  to return it to Earth sooner.<ref name=endgame>{{Cite episode |title=Endgame|episode-link=Endgame (Star Trek: Voyager)|series=Star Trek: Voyager |series-link=Star Trek: Voyager |credits=Berman, Rick; Braga, Brannon; Biller, Kenneth; Doherty, Robert|network=UPN |date=May 23, 2001|season=7 |number=25 & 26}}</ref>

===''Star Trek: Prodigy''===
Sometime prior to 2383, Chakotay was named Captain of the USS ''Protostar'' and was in command when the ship was taken by the Vau N'Akat. Chakotay's mission was to continue exploration of the Delta Quadrant after ''Voyager's'' return, but his ship fell through a time rift into the future where it was captured by the Vau N'Akat who blamed the Federation for the destruction of their home planet in a civil war. The Vau N'Akat attempted to use the ''Protostar'' to send a weapon called a living construct back in time to destroy the Federation, but Chakotay and his first officer Adreek-Hu managed to launch themselves with the weapon on board, forcing the Vau N'Akat to chase after it. At the end of the first season, following the destruction of the ''Protostar'', a new temporal rift is opened through which Starfleet receives a distress call from Chakotay 52 years into the future.

In the second season, Janeway leads a rescue mission for Chakotay with her cadets, who were the ones to find and crew the ''Protostar'' after it was sent back in time, traveling into the future with the plan to help Chakotay and Adreek to launch the ship and then to rescue them. However, they accidentally change history, allowing Chakotay and Adreek to escape with their ship through the rift, sending it elsewhere and creating a temporal paradox that starts destroying the universe. With the help of [[Wesley Crusher]], the cadets eventually find Chakotay in the present where he has been marooned for ten years on another planet, becoming a broken man following the loss of his crew and hope. The cadets manage to reignite Chakotay's spirit and help him to repair the ''Protostar'' and escape, reuniting with the ''Voyager''-A and Janeway. With the universe still in danger from the paradox and Ascencia, the last of the hostile Vau N'Akat from the future, Janeway, Chakotay, and the cadets embark upon a mission to launch the ''Protostar'' into the past where it will be found by the younger selves of the cadets, repairing the timeline. Returning to Starfleet, Chakotay becomes the new captain of the ''Voyager''-A before Mars is destroyed by rogue synths, changing everything for the Federation. Alongside Janeway and the Doctor, Chakotay gives the cadets field commissions as ensigns and the new ''Protostar''-class ship, the USS ''Prodigy'', which has been turned into a training ship. During their time together, Chakotay becomes a mentor to Dal R'El who expresses doubts about his future after seeing that he won't be the captain. Chakotay explains to Dal that he struggled all of his life to find a place where he belonged before becoming ''Voyager's'' first officer. While Chakotay wasn't the captain, being the loyal support of Janeway instead was where he finally found his purpose. Dal later takes this to heart, giving the captain's chair to Gwyn and serving as the first officer of the ''Prodigy'' instead.<ref>[[Star Trek: Prodigy]]</ref>

==Reception==
Some criticism was directed at Chakotay's character development during the series. James Lileks for the ''[[Star Tribune]]'' said that "Chakotay, the rock-solid First Officer, remained rock-solid",<ref name=limpshome>{{cite news|last=Lileks|first=James|title='Voyager' limps home to its final frontier|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-74943558.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063551/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-74943558.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=Star Tribune|date=May 23, 2001}} {{subscription required}}</ref> but also suggested that "[a]ll of the characters ended the series as they began."<ref name=limpshome/>

Critics commented on the relationship between Janeway and Chakotay, with [[psychologist]] Richard Borofsky's views published in ''[[The Boston Herald]]''. He suggested that by several seasons into ''Voyager'', Chakotay had come to terms with his feelings for his Captain, but she was hesitant about entering into a relationship with a member of her crew. For the relationship to work in the future, it was said that Chakotay should not try to lead the relationship and Janeway needed to be more vulnerable.<ref>{{cite news|last=Perigard|first=Mark A.|title=Is it love?; Expert advice for prime-time's troubled twosomes|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-56413617.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063531/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-56413617.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=The Boston Herald|date=November 12, 1997}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Following the end of ''[[Star Trek: Enterprise]]'', the romance between Chakotay and Janeway was described in the ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' as the one most wanted to be seen on screen in any of the ''Star Trek'' series, but that "it never panned out. Dang!"<ref>{{cite news|title=Voyage over, 'Star Trek' charts final course to Planet Rerun.|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132370305.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063529/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-132370305.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=The Chicago Tribune|date=May 12, 2005}}{{subscription required}}</ref> Chakotay's relationship with Seven was also commented on, and both [[UGO]] and [[io9]] complained that the relationship appeared at random.<ref>{{cite web|last=Fitzpatrick |first=Kevin |title=The Most Absolutely Awful TV Couples: #25: Seven of Nine and Chakotay |url=http://www.ugo.com/tv/worst-tv-couples-seven-of-nine-chakotay |publisher=UGO |date=February 14, 2012 |access-date=March 6, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710004901/http://www.ugo.com/tv/worst-tv-couples-seven-of-nine-chakotay |archive-date=July 10, 2013 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Jasper|first1=MaryKate|last2=Griffith|first2=Jennifer|last3=Anders|first3=Charlie Jane|title=10 Most Unconvincing Romances in Science Fiction and Fantasy|url=http://io9.com/5904544/10-most-unconvincing-romances-in-science-fiction-and-fantasy|publisher=io9|date=April 24, 2012|access-date=March 7, 2014|archive-date=March 7, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140307184952/http://io9.com/5904544/10-most-unconvincing-romances-in-science-fiction-and-fantasy|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 2016 Chakotay was ranked as the eleventh most important character out of 100 of [[Starfleet]] within the ''Star Trek'' science fiction universe by ''[[Wired magazine|Wired]]'' magazine.<ref>{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/09/star-treks-100-crew-members-ranked/|title=Star Trek's 100 Most Important Crew Members, Ranked|last=McMillan|first=Graeme|date=2016-09-05|magazine=Wired|access-date=2019-03-20|issn=1059-1028}}</ref> In 2018, [[Comic Book Resources|CBR]] ranked Chakotay the 20th best Starfleet character of ''Star Trek''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.cbr.com/star-trek-starfleet-members-ranked/|title=Star Trek: The 25 Best Members Of Starfleet, Ranked|date=2018-10-27|website=CBR|language=en-US|access-date=2019-06-20}}</ref> In July 2019, ''[[Screen Rant]]'' ranked "[[The Fight (Star Trek: Voyager)|The Fight]]" as one of the top five worst of the series, singling out Chakotay as a major problem in the show noting how he did not really fit in, and had poor development.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://screenrant.com/star-trek-best-worst-episodes-voyager/|title=Star Trek: The 5 Best Episodes Of Voyager (& The 5 Worst)|date=2019-07-11|website=ScreenRant|language=en-US|access-date=2019-07-15}}</ref>

For his portrayal as Chakotay, Beltran won the Nosotros Golden Eagle Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Series in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kairosproductions.org/robert-beltran-bio/|title=Robert Beltran Bio - Kairos Productions}}</ref> He was nominated in 1996 for the [[NCLR]] Bravo Award for Outstanding Television Series Actor in a Crossover Role, and the [[ALMA Award]] for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Television Series in a Crossover Role in 1998 and 1999.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.journalistate.com/fitness/star-trek/33|title=Live Long And Prosper: Catch Up With The 'Star Trek' Cast|date=November 24, 2017}}</ref>

===Themes===
Chakotay's inclusion in the main cast of ''Voyager'' was seen by critics as one of several who were used to highlight the diversity within the series. This was highlighted during the episode "[[Faces (Star Trek: Voyager)|Faces]]", in which one scene showed Janeway, Tuvok, Harry Kim, and Chakotay in a single [[camera pan]].<ref>[[#leonard1997|Leonard (1997)]]: p. 123</ref> Beltran's individual position was that he was "continually positioned as an exotic native other in relation to the white female Captain Janeway",<ref>[[#geraghty2009|Geraghty (2009)]]: p. 66</ref> and was used to "help the white protagonist and progress the internal narrative."<ref>[[#geraghty2009|Geraghty (2009)]]: p. 94</ref>

The placement of a character of [[indigenous peoples]] descent in science fiction was highlighted in the media. Drew Hayden Taylor said that Chakotay was "perhaps the most well-known".<ref name=aboriginalpresence>{{cite news|last=Drew|first=Hayden Taylor|title=Aboriginal presence in science fiction fleeting and few|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-200164128.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063601/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-200164128.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=Wind Speaker|date=May 1, 2009}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Of Chakotay's origin, he said: "They never actually say what nation he is, but I do believe it's some Central American tribe."<ref name=aboriginalpresence/> Hayden Taylor wrote in a later article in 2012 describing the rise of Native American characters in the ''[[Twilight (2008 film)|Twilight]]'' film series that Chakotay was still the sole popular example of a Native American character in science fiction.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hayden Taylor|first=Drew|title=I like my types in stereo|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-279893138.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140611063558/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-279893138.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=June 11, 2014|access-date=February 15, 2014|newspaper=Wind Speaker|date=January 1, 2012}} {{subscription required}}</ref> Chakotay was also described as "the only First Nations role model around in a futuristic setting" in the 2005 book, ''"Indian" Stereotypes in TV Science Fiction: First Nations' Voices Speak Out'',<ref name=adare45>[[#adare2005|Adare (2005)]]: p. 45</ref> but was also referred to as the "quintessential [[Tonto]] in outer space".<ref name=adare95>[[#adare2005|Adare (2005)]]: p. 95</ref> A similar criticism was highlighted of the character in ''Medicine Bags and Dog Tags: American Indian Veterans from Colonial Times to the Second Iraq War'' (2008), which called Chakotay "a creature of white fantasies" and suggested that he was "far more stereotypical than Tonto" as "at least Tonto was heroic and saved the Lone Ranger once in a while".<ref name=caroll24>[[#caroll2008|Caroll (2008)]]: p. 24</ref>

Although religion was referenced during the ''Star Trek'' franchise, such as in the ''Star Trek: The Original Series'' episode "[[Who Mourns for Adonais?]]",<ref name=wagnar36>[[#wagnarlundeen1998|Wagnar & Lundeen (1998)]]: p. 36</ref> it did not take a more prominent role until later in the series, with ''[[Star Trek: Deep Space Nine]]'' exploring the Bajorans' beliefs and ''Voyager'' concentrating on those of Chakotay.<ref name=wagnar37>[[#wagnarlundeen1998|Wagnar & Lundeen (1998)]]: p. 37</ref> These included [[vision quest]]s, and other interpretations of Native American culture which were described by critics as showing a "very Hollywood version of Plains-culture religion".<ref name=adare45/>

The appearance of a medicine wheel in the episode "Cathexis" was described by Sierra S. Adare as showing Chakotay as a "'good Indian' in the classic [[Pocahontas]] sense".<ref name=adare45/> Chakotay is seen attempting to introduce rituals and meditation techniques to other crew members, something they failed to understand.<ref>[[#relke2006|Relke (2006)]]: p. 105</ref> These were said to be contrary to the tribal history described in "Tattoo", which was said to say that Chakotay's tribe descended from a pre-[[Maya civilization|Mayan]] culture in Central America. Adare attributed this to Euro-American/European writers writing inaccurate information into scripts.<ref name=adare82>[[#adare2005|Adare (2005)]]: p. 82</ref> However, the appearance of the character was described as "groundbreaking".<ref name=adare90>[[#adare2005|Adare (2005)]]: p. 90</ref>

==Notes==
{{refbegin}}
*A {{anchor|endnote_A}}'''[[#ref A1|^]]''' The reference to Captain Sulu in the episode "Tattoo" did not make it clear whether it was [[Hikaru Sulu]] or [[Demora Sulu]] to whom Chakotay referred; however, he stated that the Captain was a "he".<ref name=tattooep /> The noncanon novels by [[Pocket Books]] have disagreed on which Captain Sulu to whom Chakotay referred. In a short story in the anthology ''Tales From The Captain Table'', it is said to be Demora Sulu,<ref>{{cite book|editor=Candido, Keith R.A.|title=Tales From The Captain's Table|year=2005|publisher=Pocket|location=London|isbn=978-1-4165-0520-4}}</ref> but in ''Pathways'' by Jeri Taylor, it is stated that it was Hiromi Sulu, the son of Demora.<ref>{{cite book|last=Taylor|first=Jeri|title=Pathways|year=1998|publisher=Pocket Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-671-00346-3|url=https://archive.org/details/pathwaysnovel00tayl}}</ref> 
{{refend}}

==Citations==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book|last=Adare|first=Sierra S.|title="Indian" Stereotypes in TV Science Fiction: First Nations' Voices Speak Out|year=2005|publisher=University of Texas Press|location=Austin, TX|isbn=978-0-292-79685-0|ref=adare2005}}
*{{cite book|last=Ayers|first=Jeff|title=Star Trek: Voyages of Imagination|year=2006|publisher=Pocket Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4165-0349-1 |ref=ayers2006}}
* {{cite book|last1=Berman|first1=Rick|last2=Piller|first2=Michael|last3=Taylor|first3=Jeri|title=Star Trek: Voyager Bible|year=1995|url=http://leethomson.myzen.co.uk/Star_Trek/4_Voyager/Voyager_Bible.pdf|ref=bermanpillertaylor1995|publisher=[[Paramount Domestic Television]]|location=Hollywood, CA|access-date=2014-02-13|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104053224/http://leethomson.myzen.co.uk/Star_Trek/4_Voyager/Voyager_Bible.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|last=Booker|first=M. Keith|title=Science Fiction Television: A History|year=2004|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, CT|isbn=978-0-313-05213-2|ref=booker2004}}
* {{cite book|last=Caroll|first=Al|title=Medicine Bags and Dog Tags: American Indian Veterans from Colonial Times to the Second Iraq War|year=2008|publisher=University of Nebraska Press|location=Lincoln, NE|isbn=978-0-8032-1629-7|ref=caroll2008}}
* {{cite book|last=David|first=Peter|title=Before Dishonor|year=2007|publisher=Pocket Books|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4165-2742-8|ref=david2007}}
* {{cite book|last=Geraghty|first=Lincoln|title=American Science Fiction Film and Television|year=2009|publisher=Berg|location=New York|isbn=978-1-84788-551-7|ref=geraghty2009}}
* {{cite book|last=Leonard|first=Anne|title=Into Darkness Peering: Race and Color in the Fantastic|year=1997|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, CT|isbn=978-0-313-30042-4|ref=leonard1997}}
*{{cite book|last=Poe|first=Stephen Edward|title=Star Trek: Voyager: A Vision of the Future|year=1998|publisher=Pocket Books|location=New York|isbn=978-0-671-53481-3|ref=poe1998}}
* {{cite book|last=Relke|first=Diana M. A.|title=Drones, Clones, and Alpha Babes: Retrofitting Star Trek's Humanism, Post-9/11|year=2006|publisher=University of Calgary Press|location=Calgary, Alberta, Canada|isbn=978-1-55238-164-9 |ref=relke2006}}
* {{cite book|last=Treviño|first=Jesús Salvador|title=Eyewitness: A Filmmaker's Memoir of the Chicano Movement|year=2001|publisher=Arte Pʹublico Press|location=Houston, TX|isbn=978-1-55885-349-2|ref=trevino|url=https://archive.org/details/eyewitnessfilmma00trev}}
* {{cite book|last=Vizenor|first=Gerald Robert|title=Shadow Distance|year=1994|publisher=Wesleyan University Press|location=Hanover, NH|isbn=978-0-8195-7273-8|ref=vizenor1994}}
* {{cite book|last1=Wagnar|first1=Jon G.|last2=Lundeen|first2=Jan|title=Deep Space and Sacred Time: Star Trek in the American Mythos|year=1998|publisher=Praeger|location=Westport, CT|isbn=978-0-275-96225-8|ref=wagnarlundeen1998|url=https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780275962258}}
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Memory Alpha|Chakotay}}
* [http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/VOY/character/1112391.html Chakotay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100626085930/http://www.startrek.com/startrek/view/series/VOY/character/1112391.html |date=2010-06-26 }} at Startrek.com

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