Editing Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

{{Short description|15th-century Indian Vaishnavite Hindu saint}}
{{redirect|Krishna Chaitanya|the Telugu lyricist|Krishna Chaitanya (lyricist)}}
{{redirect|Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|the 1954 Hindi film|Shri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (film)}}
{{Primary sources|date=October 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Infobox Hindu leader
| name               = Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
| image              = Chaitanya Mahaprabhu in Dhameswar Mahaprabhu temple 6.jpg
| religion           = [[Hinduism]]
| caption            = Wooden [[murti]] of Chaitanya as Dhāmeśvara, Nabadwip<ref>{{Cite book |last=Valpey |first=Kenneth |title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |publisher=Brill |year=2018 |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Caitanya |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Helene |editor-last3=Malinar |editor-first3=Angelika |editor-last4=Narayanan |editor-first4=Vasudha}}</ref>
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1486|2|18|df=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Nabadwip]], [[Bengal Sultanate]]<br />{{small|(present-day [[West Bengal]], India)}}
| birth_name         = Vishvambhara Mishra
| death_date         = {{death date and age|1534|6|14|1486|2|18|df=yes}}
| death_place        = [[Puri]], [[Gajapati Kingdom]]<br />{{small|(present-day [[Odisha]], India)}}
| spouse             = Lakshmi Priya (first wife) and [[Vishnupriya]]
| guru               = Swami Isvara Puri (mantra guru); Swami Kesava Bharati (sannyas guru)
| philosophy         = [[Bhakti yoga]], [[Achintya Bheda Abheda]]
| known_for          = Expounded [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]], [[kirtan]]
| founder            = [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]<br/>[[Achintya Bheda Abheda]]
| free_label         = Birth Anniversary
| father             = 
| mother             = 
| relatives          = 
| disciples          = [[Rupa Goswami]], [[Sanatana Goswami]], [[Gopala Bhatta Goswami]], [[Raghunatha Bhatta Goswami]], [[Raghunatha dasa Goswami]], [[Jiva Goswami]], others
| literary_works     = ''[[Shikshashtakam]]''
| background         = Orange
}}
{{Vaishnavism}}
{{Hinduism}}   
'''Chaitanya Mahaprabhu''' ({{langx|bn|মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব}}; {{langx|sa|चैतन्य महाप्रभु|Caitanya Mahāprabhu}}), born '''Vishvambhara Mishra''' ({{IAST3|Viśvambhara Miśra}}<ref name="Banglapedia Chaitanya"/>) (18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534{{sfn|Delmonico|2007|loc=p. 549: "The form of Vaishnavism inspired by the sixteenth-century saint-reformer Shri Krishna Chaitanya (1486–1533 C.E.) rested heavily upon a belief in the purifying and salvific powers of the names of God, whose fullest self-revelation Chaitanya believed to be Krishna"}}), was an Indian [[Hindus|Hindu]] saint from [[Bengal]] and the founder of [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]. Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's mode of worshipping Krishna with [[bhajan]]-[[kirtan]] and dance had a profound effect on [[Vaishnavism]] in [[Bengal]]. 

He is considered the chief proponent of the Vedantic philosophy of [[Achintya Bheda Abheda]]. However, the concept of inconceivable difference in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda, was developed later by Jiva Gosvami in his book Bhagavat Sandharbha.{{sfn|Dasa|2007|loc=pp. 377-378: "The Bhagavat Sandarbha [...] describes the concept of Bhagavan alluded to in Bhagavata 1.2.11. Jiva explains [...] [t]he relation between Bhagavan and His potency is one of inconceivable difference in non-difference, known as achintya-bhedabheda. It is in recognition of the nature of this relation that Chaitanya’s philosophy is called Achintya bhedaabheda-vada"}} 

Mahaprabhu founded [[Gaudiya Vaishnavism]]. He expounded [[Bhakti yoga]] and popularised the chanting of the [[Hare Krishna (mantra)|Hare Krishna Maha-mantra]].<ref>[http://www.scsmath.com/docs/chaitanya_mahaprabhu.html Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171228155252/http://scsmath.com/docs/chaitanya_mahaprabhu.html |date=28 December 2017 }} "He spread the [[Yuga Dharma|Yuga-dharma]] as the practice for attainment of pure love for [[Radha]]-[[Krishna]]. That process is Harinam-Sankirtan, or the congregational chanting of the Holy Names of Krishna "Hare Krishna Hare Krishna Krishna Krishna Hare Hare, Hare Rama Hare Rama Rama Rama Hare Hare"</ref> He composed the ''[[Shikshashtakam]]'' (eight devotional prayers).

Chaitanya is sometimes called [[Gauranga]] ({{IAST3|Gaurāṅga}}) or '''Gaura''' due to his molten gold–like complexion.<ref>[http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar122006/finearts1054102006310.asp In the Name of the Lord (Deccan Herald)] "He was also given the name of ‘Gora’ because of his extremely fair complexion." {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061207225342/http://www.deccanherald.com/deccanherald/Mar122006/finearts1054102006310.asp |date=7 December 2006 }}</ref> His birthday is celebrated as [[Gaura-purnima]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.krishna.com/node/1407|title=Gaura Purnima|publisher=www.krishna.com|access-date=16 December 2008|archive-date=12 March 2008|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080312140828/http://www.krishna.com/node/1407|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[https://givegita.com/sri-chaitanya Sri Gaura Purnima] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201001230238/https://givegita.com/sri-chaitanya |date=1 October 2020 }}"givegita.com"</ref> He is also called '''Nimai''' because he was born underneath a [[Neem]] tree.<ref>[https://archive.org/details/Krishna-Chaitanya-Mission KCM Archive]"They named Him Nimai, as he was born under a neem tree." {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080424064200/http://www.archive.org/details/Krishna-Chaitanya-Mission |date=24 April 2008 }}</ref>

==Life==
[[File:Ganga mata math (crop).jpg|thumb|left|Deity of Shadabhuja [[Gauranga]] at Ganga Mata Math in [[Puri]]]]

The religious hagiographies of Gauḍīya sampradāya are the only sources available for the reconstruction of Caitanya's life. The hagiographies (in [[Sanskrit]] and [[Bengali language|Bengali]]) consider Caitanya to be an ''avatāra'' of Kr̥ṣṇa, [[Svayam Bhagavan|Svayaṁ Bhagavān]], [[Radha Krishna|Rādhā-Kr̥ṣṇa]] (joint and separate), [[Nārāyaṇa]], [[Viṣṇu]], and [[Jagannātha]]. A canonical narrative was accepted by the Gauḍīya community in the early 1600s via the ''Caitanya Caritāmr̥ta'' of Kr̥ṣṇadāsa Kavirāja, which has been described as the "final word" on Gauḍīya history and theology.<ref>{{cite book |last=Stewart |first=Tony |title=Oxford Bibliographies Online in Hinduism |date=2014 |chapter=Caitanya}}</ref>

Chaitanya was born in a Brahmin family as Viśvambhara Miśra aka Nimāi, the second son of Jagannātha Miśra and his wife Śacī Devī, the daughter of Nilambara Chakrabarti, both [[Brahmin]]s of [[Sylhet]] region.<ref name="Banglapedia Chaitanya">{{cite Banglapedia|article=Chaitanya, Sri|author=Stewart, Tony K}}</ref> Jagannātha Miśra's family were from the village of [[Golapganj Upazila|Dhakadakshin]] in [[Sylhet District|Srihatta (Sylhet)]] (now in [[Bangladesh]]). The ruins of their ancestral home still survive in present-day [[Bangladesh]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Chaitanya and his age|last=Sen|first=Dinesh Chandra|url=https://archive.org/details/chaitanyahisage00senduoft|access-date=16 August 2020|website=Internet Archive|language=en}}</ref>{{sfn|Nair|2007|p=87}}<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Valpey |first=Kenneth |title=Brill's Encyclopedia of Hinduism Online |publisher=Brill |year=2018 |editor-last=Jacobsen |editor-first=Knut A. |chapter=Caitanya |editor-last2=Basu |editor-first2=Helene |editor-last3=Malinar |editor-first3=Angelika |editor-last4=Narayanan |editor-first4=Vasudha}}</ref> The hagiographies of Caitanya portray his birth as a divine event and state that it predicted his future mission of propagating ''harināma saṃkīrtana'' in [[Kali Yuga]].<ref name=":0" />

The accounts of Caitanya's childhood are depicted to be reminiscient of Kr̥ṣṇa's childhood exploits. While still a student, his father died, and he soon married Lakṣmīpriyā. He travelled to east Bengal to become a scholar and support his family, but his wife died in his absence. He then married [[Vishnupriya|Viṣṇupriyā]], the daughter of paṇḍit Sanātana Miśra. Viśvambhara, also known as Nimāi Paṇḍit, was a promising Sanskrit scholar and once defeated Keśava Bhaṭṭa of the [[Nimbarka Sampradaya|Nimbārka]] school in a debate on Sanskrit prosody in an example of "superhuman erudition".<ref name=":0" />
[[File:Chaitanya dances with followers.jpg|thumb|Kisangarh painting of Chaitanya dancing in a puddle of his own tears surrounded by followers, c. 1750.]]
In 1508-1509 he left Nabadvip to go to Gaya to perform [[śrāddha]], a ritual homage to his dead father. There, he met an ascetic named Īśvara Purī, who initiated him using a mantra for [[Krishna|Kr̥ṣṇa]] worship. After this meeting Viśvambhara abandoned all scholarly and domestic pursuits and had no interests except an intense desire to hear and speak of Kr̥ṣṇa. Within a year he took a vow of ''saṃnyāsa'' (renunciation) and changed his name to Kr̥ṣṇa Caitanya under his guru Keśava Bhāratī. His mother then asked him to at least live in the city of Puri so that he would not be too far from Bengal.<ref name=":0" />

After becoming a [[renunciate]] he spent his time converting and instructing followers in the tenets of Kr̥ṣṇa bhakti and engaging in communal ''saṁkīrtana''. Sources state he defeated and converted theological opponents (particularly followers of [[Advaita Vedanta|Advaita Vedānta]]) via debate or divine intervention in the typical Indian hagiographical pattern of ''digvijaya''. He spent two months in Vrindavan in c. 1515 where he instructed [[Sanatana Goswami|Sanātana Gosvāmī]] and [[Rupa Goswami|Rūpa Gosvāmi]]; additionally the visit serves to confirm Caitanya's identity as Kr̥ṣṇa as he had raptures upon recognizing sites familiar to Kr̥ṣṇa. The last two decades of his life were spent in Puri where his ecstatic seizures yearning for Kr̥ṣṇa and his consorts, mainly Rādhā, intensified. He died c. 1528-1534.<ref name=":0" />

== Biographies ==
'''Works on Chaitanya:'''{{sfn|Mukherjee|1999|pp=65–66, 174, 280}}{{sfn|Manring|2005|pp=34–42, 44}}<ref>[https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127571/14/14_chapter%206.pdf PDF] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200626032050/https://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/127571/14/14_chapter%206.pdf |date=26 June 2020 }}.{{cite book |author-last=Mamoni |author-first=Sarma |title=History of Vaishnavite cultures in Assam and Bengal a comparative study |url=http://hdl.handle.net/10603/127571 |chapter=Chapter 14 |pages=253–255 |hdl=10603/127571 |quote=Note, Sarma Mamoni is a researcher at Gauhati University under Chakraborty Amalendu. }}</ref>

* ''Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta'' ({{c.}} 1513 or 1536–1540; Sanskrit)
: By [[Murari Gupta]]. Known as a ''kadcha'' or chronicle. Chaitanya's Navadwipa ''līla'' and each ''panca-tattva'' presented as a form of the Lord. Caitanya went for the first time to Murari's house at Navadwipa. Murari's standing and reputation for learning gave his biographical materials great weight in the Vaishnava community. This ''Kadcha'' (notes) became the guiding lines for other biographers.

* ''Kadcha'' or chronicle (Sanskrit)
: By [[Svarupa Damodara]]. He was the personal secretary of Chaitanya. Details the life of Caitanya.

* ''Govindadaser Kadcha'' (Bengali)
: By Govinda Dāsa who accompanied Chaitanya on his tour of Deccan. This poem describes their experiences on the journey and some imaginary events in the life of Chaitanya as well as his ideas and philosophy. It is another significant biographical work, but it was regarded as controversial because of the authenticity.

* ''[[Chaitanya Bhagavata]]'' ({{c.}} 1535 or 1546–1550; Bengali)
: By [[Vrindavana Dasa Thakura]]. Three parts: ''Adi-Khanda'', ''Mādhya-Khanda'', and ''Antya-Khanda''. Chaitanya's earlier life, activities, early movement in Navadwip.

* ''Krsna-Caitanya-caritra-mahakavya'' ({{c.}} 1535)
: By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).

* ''Krsna-Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam'' ({{c.}} 1535 – 1570s)
: By Kavi Karnapura. Based on Murari Gupta's ''Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta''. When Karnapura was a small child, he interacted with Chaitanya personally.

* ''Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam'' ({{c.}} 1538 or 1540 or 1572 or 1579; Sanskrit)
: By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). Dramatic play in ten acts of Chaitanya's life.

* ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta-kavya'' ({{c.}} 1542 – late 1500s; Sanskrit)
: By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen). A long biographical poem on Chaitanya's life and acts.

* ''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita|Caitanya-caritāmṛta]]'' ({{c.}} 1557 or 1580 or 1615; Bengali)
: By [[Krishnadasa Kaviraja]]. Three parts: ''Adi-lila'', ''Madhya-lila'', and ''Antya-lila''. Massive authoritative composition of Chaitanya's biography and teachings. According to Manring, he draws liberally from previous writers (poets, theologians and biographers) as he deems correct, omitting Kavi Karnapura's works perceived as threatening [[Rupa Goswami|Rupa's]] authority.

* ''Caitanya-Mangala'' ({{c.}} 1560 or late 1500s; Bengali)
: By Jayananda. Nine parts: ''Adikhanda'', ''Nadiyakhanda'', ''Vairagyakhanda'', ''Sannyaskhanda'', ''Utkalkhanda'', ''Prakashkhanda'', ''Tirthakhanda'', ''Vijaykhanda'', and ''Uttarkhanda''. Biographical poem in the form of a narrative play focused on Chaitanya's godly image. It is the only work in which his death is mentioned. Introduction mentions several previous biographers, of whom only Vrindavan is known. Written for the common people (not devotees).

* ''[[Chaitanya Mangala]]'' ({{c.}} 1560–66 or 1575)
: By Lochana Dasa ({{aka}} Trilocan Dasa). Four parts: ''Sutrakhanda'', ''Adikhanda'', ''Madhyakhanda'', and ''Antyakhanda''. A narrative play depicting Chaitanya's childhood activities and his human side without highlighting any divine matters to make it popular. Influenced by Murari Gupta's ''Krsna-Caitanya-Caritamrta'' and Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's ''Chaitanya Bhagavata'' as well as the ''[[Mahabharata]]'' and different ''[[Puranas]]''.

* ''Chaitanya-chandrodaya-kaumudi'' (Bengali)
: By Premadas (Purushottam Mishra). A verse adaptation to Kavi Karnapura's ''Caitanya-candrodaya-natakam'' drama.

* ''Gaura-ganoddesha-dipika'' ({{c.}} 1576)
: By Kavi Karnapura (Paramanand Sen).

* ''Chaitanya-samhita'' (Bengali)
: By Bhagirath Bandhu. Work follows the tradition of agama or tantric texts in its presentation as a story told by Shiva to his spouse.

* ''Chaitanya-vilasa'' ({{c.}} 1500s; Odia)
: By Madhava Dasa. A short poetical work in ten sections dealing with the life of Chaitanya. The poet probably came into contact with the saint when the latter came to Puri.

* ''Gauranga-vijay'' ({{c.}} 1500s)
: By Chundamani dasa. Biographical epic, believed to have been written in three volumes, only part of the first volume still exists. It contains some information about Chaitanya, Nityananda and Madhavendra Puri not found elsewhere.

* ''Sriman-mahaprabhor-asta-kaliya-lila-smarana-mangala-stotram'' ({{c.}} late 1600s; Sanskrit)
: By [[Visvanatha Chakravarti]]. Eleven ''sutras'' (seed verses) describing the eternal eight-fold daily pastimes of the fair-complexioned Lord.

* ''Sri Gauranga-Lilamrta'' ({{c.}} late 1600s – 1700s; Bengali)
: By Krishna Dasa (disciple of Visvanatha Chakravarti). Expounded on his guru's eleven ''sutras'', often quoting verses from Vrindavana Dasa Thakura's ''Chaitanya Bhagavata'', plus songs by Narahari Ghanashyama (author of Bhakti-Ratnakara) and Lochana Dasa (author of Chaitanya-Mangala).

* ''Caitanya-upanisad''
: A book that is a part of the ''[[Atharvaveda]]'' which offers overwhelming evidence of Chaitanya's identity as the Supreme Lord and ''Yuga Avatara''.

* ''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita|Sri Caitanya-caranamrta Bhasva]]'' (1887)
: By Srila Bhaktivinoda Thakura. Commentary on an original handwritten manuscript of the ''Caitanya-upanisad'' from one pandita, Madhusudana Maharaja, of Sambala-Pura.

* ''Amrita-pravaha-bhashya'' ({{c.}} late 1800s – early 1900s; Sanskrit)
: By [[Bhaktivinoda Thakur]]. Commentary on ''Caitanya-upanisad''.

* ''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita|Anubhāsya]]'' (1915)
: By [[Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati]]. Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta''

* ''[[Chaitanya Charitamrita|Śrī Caitanya-caritāmṛta]]'' (1974; English)
: By [[A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada|A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami]] in English with original Bengali and Sanskrit. Commentary on Krishnadasa Kaviraja's ''Caitanya-caritāmṛta'', based on Bhaktivinoda Thakur's ''Amrita-pravaha-bhashya'' and Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati's ''Anubhāsya'' commentaries.

* ''[[Krishna-Chaitanya, His Life and His Teachings (book)|Krishna-Caitanya, His Life and His Teachings]]'' (2014; English; {{ISBN|978-91-981318-1-9}})                           
: By [[Walther Eidlitz]], originally written in German - ''Kṛṣṇa-Caitanya: sein Leben und seine Lehre,'' and published by [https://libris.kb.se/bib/650114?tab2=subj Stockholm University], 1968, as a part of the scientific series "Stockholm studies in comparative religion".

==Teachings==
{{main|Gaudiya Vaishnavism#Philosophical concepts}}
The ''Śikṣāṣṭaka'' is the only work accepted to be composed by Caitanya. The poem expounds upon the subjects of ''harināmajapa'', ''saṁkīrtana'', the relationship between individual souls and Kr̥ṣṇa, devotional submission to Kr̥ṣṇa, and Caitanya's personal ''virahabhakti''. Scholars debate the extent to which Caitanya played in the development of the complex Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇava theology.<ref name=":0" />

==Cultural legacy==
{{See also|Bengal Renaissance}}
Chaitanya's influence on the cultural legacy in [[Bengal]], [[Odisha]] and [[Manipur]], has been significant,<ref>{{cite web |title=Lord Chaitanya Mahaprabhu |url=http://www.krishna.com/who-lord-chaitanya |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=7 June 2002 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20020607045307/http://www.krishna.com/printarticles/Lord_Chaitanya.html |url-status=live }}</ref> with many residents performing daily worship to him as an avatar of Krishna. Some attribute to him a Renaissance in Bengal,<ref>[http://www.bengal-studies-conference.org/ Bengal Studies Conference] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217014530/http://bengal-studies-conference.org/ |date=17 December 2014 }} "History says that the Bengali people experienced the renaissance: not only once but also twice in the course of history. Bengalis witnessed the first renaissance in the 16th century when Hossain Shah and Sri Chaitanya’s idealism influenced a sect of the upper literal class of people"</ref> different from the more well-known 19th-century [[Bengal Renaissance]]. Salimullah Khan (b. 1958), a noted Bangladeshi linguist, maintains, "Sixteenth-century is the time of Chaitanya Dev, and it is the beginning of Modernism in Bengal. The concept of 'humanity' that came into fruition is contemporaneous with that of Europe".<ref>{{cite web |title=Chaitanya Mahaprabhu |url=https://gaudiyahistory.iskcondesiretree.com/caitanya-mahaprabhu/ |access-date=2 November 2020 |archive-date=17 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201117000851/http://gaudiyahistory.iskcondesiretree.com/caitanya-mahaprabhu/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Noted Bengali biographical film on Chaitanya, ''[[Nilachaley Mahaprabhu]]'' (1957), was directed by Kartik Chattopadhyay (1912–1989).<ref name="SurGoswami1999">{{cite book|last1=Sur|first1=Ansu|last2=Goswami|first2=Abhijit|title=Bengali Film Directory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-hkAAAAMAAJ|page=96|year=1999|publisher=Nandan, West Bengal Film Centre}}</ref> A Bengali film based on Chaitanya's demise, ''Lawho Gouranger Naam Re'', will be directed by [[Srijit Mukherji]] where [[Parambrata Chatterjee]] will be seen portraying Chaitanya Mahaprabhu.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chakraborty |first1=Shamayita |title=Parambrata to play Gourango in Srijit's next; will also sing in the film |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/parambrata-to-play-gourango-in-srijits-next-will-also-sing-in-the-film/articleshow/84485145.cms |access-date=31 March 2022 |work=The Times of India |date=16 July 2021 |language=en |archive-date=31 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220331172159/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bengali/movies/news/parambrata-to-play-gourango-in-srijits-next-will-also-sing-in-the-film/articleshow/84485145.cms |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Photo gallery ==
<gallery widths="200" heights="200">
File:Yogapith, Mayapur.jpg|alt=A white ornate structure with a pyramidal pointed dome standing on the bank of a pond and surrounded by trees|Yogapith temple at Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birthsite established in the 1880s by [[Bhaktivinoda Thakur]] in [[Mayapur]], [[West Bengal]]
File:Chaitanya sankirtan.jpg|Chaitanya and [[Nityananda]] are shown performing a '[[kirtan]]' in the streets of Nabadwip, Bengal.
File:Panca-tattva Altar.jpg|[[Pancha Tattva (Vaishnavism)|Pancha Tattva]] deities installed on a [[Vaishnavism|Vaishnava]] altar. From left to right: [[Advaita Acharya]], [[Nityananda]], Chaitanya, [[Gadadhara Pandita]], [[Srivasa Thakura|Srivasa]].
File:Mahaprabhu 103.jpg|''[[Murti]]'' of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
File:Idols of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu at the Temple of the Vedic Planetarium (ISKCON Mayapur) in Mayapur, Nadia, West Bengal, India.jpg|Deities of Sri Sri Radha Madhava, Jagannath, Balarama, Subhadra and Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (in middle), at the ISKCON Durgapur Temple.
File:Gaura Nitai shrine at ISKCON temple, Delhi.jpg|''Gaura Nitai'' shrine at [[ISKCON Temple Delhi]].
File:Chaitanya with dog - Indian Museum, Kolkata R.14277 S.223.jpg|Chaitanya with a dog, Murshidabad, 19th century CE
File:Chaitanya's Life and Teachings p28.png|Pratap Rudra bowing to Chaitanya, an early 20th century print copy of a painting held by the Zamindar of Kunjaghata 
</gallery>

==See also==
* [[Vrindavan]]
* [[Gauranga]]
* [[Jagannath Temple (Puri)]]
* [[Pancha Tattva (Vaishnavism)]]
* [[Prabhupāda]]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

===Works cited===
{{columns-list|
<!-- Add citations below; sort surnames alphabetically. -->

* {{cite book
 |last=Carney |first=Gerald T.
 |year=2020
 |chapter=Baba Premananda Bharati: His trajectory into and through Bengal Vaiṣṇavism to the West
 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1hTADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135
 |editor-last1=Sardella |editor-first1=Ferdinando
 |editor-last2=Wong |editor-first2=Lucian
 |title=The Legacy of Vaiṣṇavism in Colonial Bengal
 |series=Routledge Hindu Studies Series
 |location=Milton, Oxon; New York
 |publisher=[[Routledge]]
 |pages=135–160
 |isbn=978-1-138-56179-3
 }}
* {{cite book |last=Dasa|first=Satyanarayana|year=2007 |chapter=The Six Sandharbhas of Jiva Gosvami |title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|pages=373–408 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn= 978-0-19-514891-6|url=https://ia903407.us.archive.org/5/items/Pushtimarg/Bryant_Edwin_F._%28editor%29_-_Krishna__A_Sourcebook.pdf}}
* {{cite book |last=Delmonico |first=Neal|year=2007 |chapter=Chaitanya Vaishnavism and the Holy Names|title=Krishna: A Sourcebook|pages=549–575 |publisher=Oxford University Press, USA |isbn= 978-0-19-514891-6|url=https://ia903407.us.archive.org/5/items/Pushtimarg/Bryant_Edwin_F._%28editor%29_-_Krishna__A_Sourcebook.pdf}}
* {{cite encyclopedia
 |last1=Jones |first1=Constance A.
 |last2=Ryan |first2=James D.
 |year=2007
 |title=Encyclopedia of Hinduism
 |url=https://archive.org/details/ConstanceA.JonesJamesD.RyanEncyclopediaOfHinduism
 |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of World Religions
 |editor-last=Melton |editor-first=J. Gordon
 |location=New York
 |publisher=[[Infobase Publishing|Facts On File]]
 |isbn=978-0-8160-5458-9
 }}

*{{citation
 |last = Modi
 |first = Narendra
 |author-link = Narendra Modi
 |title = PM addresses program marking 150th anniversary of Srila Prabhupada Ji
 |date = 8 February 2024
|url = https://www.narendramodi.in/prime-minister-narendra-modi-addresses-programme-on-150th-anniversary-of-srila-prabhupada-ji-at-bharat-mandapam-579097
 |access-date = 15 February 2024
}}

* {{cite book
 |last=Manring |first=Rebecca J.
 |year=2005
 |chapter=Chapter 2: Advaita Acarya: A New Imminence
 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Vs1b9KjnnDgC&pg=PA34
 |title=Reconstructing Tradition: Advaita Ācārya and Gauḍīya Vaiṣṇavism at the Cusp of the Twentieth Century
 |location=New York
 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]
 |isbn=0-231-12954-8
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Mukherjee |first=Sujit
 |year=1999
 |title=A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Volume One, Beginnings-1850
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YCJrUfVtZxoC
 |location=New Delhi
 |publisher=[[Orient Blackswan|Orient Longman]]
 |isbn=81-250-1453-5
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Nair |first=K. K.
 |year=2007
 |title=Sages Through Ages – Volume II: India's Heritage
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=z3rAr456ngQC
 |publisher=[[AuthorHouse]]
 |isbn=978-1-4208-7802-8
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Sherbow |first=Paul H.
 |year=2004
 |chapter=Chapter 9: A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami's Preaching in the Context of Gaudiya Vaishnavism
 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBMxPdgrBhoC&pg=PA129
 |editor-last1=Bryant |editor-first1=Edwin F.
 |editor-last2=Ekstrand |editor-first2=Maria L.
 |title=The Hare Krishna Movement: The Postcharismatic Fate of a Religious Transplant
 |location=New York
 |publisher=[[Columbia University Press]]
 |isbn=0-231-12256-X
 }}

<!-- Add citations above; sort surnames alphabetically. -->
}}

==Further reading==
{{columns-list|
<!-- Add citations below; sort surnames alphabetically. -->

* {{cite book
 |last=Dae |first=(Romesh Chunder Dutt) Ar Cy |author-link=Romesh Chunder Dutt
 |year=1877
 |title=The Literature of Bengal: Being an Attempt to Trace the Progress of the National Mind in Its Various Aspects, as Reflected in the Nation's Literature from the Earliest Times to the Present Day with Copious Extracts from the Best Writers
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i7cIAAAAQAAJ
 |location=Calcutta
 |publisher=I. C. Bose & Co.
 |pages=66–81
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Dasa |first=Shukavak N.
 |year=1999
 |title=Hindu Encounter with Modernity: Kedarnath Datta Bhaktivinoda, Vaiṣṇava Theologian
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KHvXAAAAMAAJ
 |edition=revised, illustrated
 |location=Los Angeles, CA
 |publisher=Sanskrit Religions Institute
 |access-date=31 January 2014
|isbn=1-889756-30-X
 }}
* {{cite thesis
 |last=Fuller |first=Jason Dale
 |year=2005
 |title=Religion, class, and power: Bhaktivinode Thakur and the transformation of religious authority among the Gaudīya Vaishnavas in nineteenth-century Bengal
 |url=https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI3179733/
 |type=Ph.D.
 |publisher=University of Pennsylvania
 |id=UMI Microform 3179733
 |access-date=8 June 2014
}}
* {{cite book
 |last=Manna |first=Sandipan
 |year=2013
 |title=In Search of a Forgotten Mahatma: Kalachand Vidyalankar
 |edition=1st
 |publisher=Kalyani Foundation
 |isbn=978-81-927505-4-5
 }}{{Citation not found|date=September 2021}}
* {{cite book
 |last=Rosen |first=Steven |author-link=Steven J. Rosen
 |year=1988
 |title=India's Spiritual Renaissance: The Life and Times of Lord Chaitanya
 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PX_XAAAAMAAJ
 |publisher=Folk Books
 |isbn=0-9619763-0-6
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Sarkar |first=Jadunath |author-link=Jadunath Sarkar
 |year=1913
 |title=Chaitanya's Pilgrimages and Teachings - From his contemporary Begali biography the Chaitanya-charit-amrita: Madhya-lila
 |url=https://archive.org/details/chaitanyaspilgri018817mbp/page/n1/mode/2up
 |location=Calcutta
 |publisher=Brahmo Mission Press
 }}
* {{cite book
 |last=Wilkins |first=William Joseph
 |year=1913
 |orig-year=1882
 |title=Hindu Mythology, Vedic and Purānic
 |url=https://archive.org/details/hindumythologyve00inwilk
 |edition=3rd
 |location=Calcutta
 |publisher=London Missionary Society
 |pages=260–262
 }}

<!-- Add citations above; sort surnames alphabetically. -->
}}

==External links==
{{Prone to spam|date=March 2017}} 
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{{Sister project links|Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|display=Chaitanya Mahaprabhu|wikt=no|v=no|voy=no|n=no|b=no|author=no|d=Q870262}}
* {{Internet Archive author}}
* {{Internet Archive author|name=Chaitanya}}
* [http://www.gaudiya.com/ Gaudiya Vaishnavism – The Tradition of Chaitanya]
* [http://www.CauseOfAllCauses.com/upanisad.htm Caitanya Upanisad]
* [http://www.CauseOfAllCauses.com/bhagavat.htm Caitanya Bhagavata Biography]
* [http://www.gaudiya.com/ Gaudiya Vaishnavism – The Tradition of Chaitanya]
* [http://www.purebhakti.com/mission/bhakti-is-love-mainmenu-75/799-life-of-sri-chaitanya-mahaprabhu.html Life of Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180712011418/http://www.purebhakti.com/mission/bhakti-is-love-mainmenu-75/799-life-of-sri-chaitanya-mahaprabhu.html |date=12 July 2018 }}
* [http://veda.harekrsna.cz/encyclopedia/caitanya.htm Scriptural Statements/Predictions regarding Caitanya Mahaprabhu's birth]
* [http://hpb.narod.ru/SreeChaitanyaHWBM.html Lord Gouranga and His Message of Devotion] (theosophical.ca)
* [https://www.thegaudiyatreasuresofbengal.com/2018/01/08/635/ YogPeeth, Mayapur, Navadvipa – The birthplace of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu]
* [https://learn.culturalindia.net/chaitanya-mahaprabhu.html at ''Chaitaniya mahaprabhu biography'']
* [https://www.thegaudiyatreasuresofbengal.com/2020/06/21/who-is-lord-chaitanya-the-hare-krishna-movement/ Who is Lord Chaitanya?]
* [https://medium.com/@vaishnav_milan_mandali/scriptural-references-to-sri-chaitanya-mahaprabhu-being-avataar-of-sri-krishna-e733a323db12 Scriptural References To Sri Chaitanya Mahaprabhu being Avataar of Sri Krishna]

{{Caitanya sampradaya}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Mahaprabhu, Chaitanya}}
[[Category:Chaitanya Mahaprabhu| ]]
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