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{{Short description|Commercial and business area of a city}} {{redirect|Central Business District|specific districts |List of central business districts}} {{Use American English|date=April 2023}} {{Use dmy dates|date=April 2023}} [[File:West side of Manhattan from Hudson Commons (95103p).jpg|thumb|300px|[[Midtown Manhattan]], the largest central business district in the world]] [[File:London Tower Bridge 22.jpg|thumb|[[City of London]]]] A '''central business district''' ('''CBD''') is the [[Commerce|commercial]] and [[business]] center of a city. It contains commercial space and offices, and in larger cities will often be described as a [[financial district]]. Geographically, it often coincides with the "[[city centre]]" or "[[downtown]]". However, these concepts are not necessarily synonymous: many cities have a '''central ''business'' district''' located away from its traditional city center, and there may be multiple CBDs within a single urban area. The CBD will often be highly accessible and have a large variety and concentration of specialised goods and services compared to other parts of the city.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Murphy |first=Raymond E. |title=The Central Business District: A Study in Urban Geography (chapter 1) |year=1972 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-351-48543-2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9h8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19 |access-date=14 March 2023 |archive-date=22 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230422105630/https://books.google.com/books?id=9h8xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT19 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Midtown Manhattan]] is the world's largest central business district. In the [[City of London]], the largest concentration of economic output in the world is held there, with many headquarters of major financial and law firms being based in the City. [[File:Chicago downtown view from Sears.JPG|thumb|The [[Chicago Loop]], the second largest central business district in the United States.]] In [[Chicago]], the [[Chicago Loop]] is the second-largest central business district in the United States. It is also referred to as the core of the city's downtown. [[Mexico City]] also has its own [[Historic center of Mexico City|historic city center]], the colonial era "Centro Histórico", along with two CBDs: the mid-late 20th century [[Paseo de la Reforma]] in [[Polanco]], and the new [[Santa Fe (Mexico City)|Santa Fe]], respectively. [[Russia]]'s largest central business district is the [[Moscow International Business Center]] in [[Moscow]]. The shape and type of a central business district almost always closely reflect the city's history. Cities with strong [[Historic preservation|preservation]] laws and maximum building height restrictions to retain the character of the historic and cultural core may have a CBD quite a distance from the city centre (and in some cases, outside the city limits itself). This distinction is quite common in European cities such as: [[London]], [[Paris]], [[Moscow]], [[Vienna]], [[Prague]] and [[Budapest]]. The [[New World]] grew quickly after the emergence of modern transport, therefore a single centre often included many of the region's tallest buildings and served as both a commercial and cultural city centre. [[File:13-08-06-abu-dhabi-by-RalfR-114.jpg|thumb| Busy roads in Downtown Abu Dhabi.]] In the 21st century, increasing [[urbanisation]] has led to the development of [[Megacity|megacities]] that often have multiple CBDs scattered across the urban area. Downtown sections of cities, especially in [[North America]], often are distinct from CBDs and city centres.<ref>"[http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_RSRQGRD Reviving American downtowns] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071220134134/http://www.economist.com/world/na/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_RSRQGRD |date=20 December 2007 }}". ''[[The Economist]]''. 1 March 2007.</ref> No two CBDs have the same spatial shape, but there are certain common geometric patterns, which are largely a result of centralised commercial and industrial activities.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hartman |first=George W. |year=1950 |title=The Central Business District--A Study in Urban Geography |journal=Economic Geography |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=237–244 |doi=10.2307/141260 |jstor=141260}}</ref> == Australia == In [[Australia]], the term CBD is widely used officially and colloquially, in the sense of city centre. The three biggest cities, [[Sydney]], [[Melbourne]] and [[Brisbane]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2020-21#capital-cities|title=Regional Population|publisher=[[Australian Bureau of Statistics]]|language=en|access-date=25 April 2022|archive-date=29 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429162914/https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/population/regional-population/2020-21#capital-cities|url-status=live}}</ref> have large CBDs. Sydney features growing micro central business districts, which serve as the hub for their respective areas outside the CBD. An example is [[Parramatta]] (which is considered the financial hub of [[Western Sydney]]), [[Chatswood, New South Wales|Chatswood]] and [[North Sydney]]. Also on the outskirts of Brisbane, within ''Brisbane-Gold Coast urban area'' with a population of three million,<ref name="demographia">[http://www.demographia.com/db-worldua.pdf Demographia: World Urban Areas] – Demographia, 08.2023</ref> a new micro [[Gold Coast central business district|central business district]] being created in [[Southport, Queensland|Southport]]. <gallery mode="packed" heights="120"> File:Sydney CBD, northeast view 20230224 1.jpg|[[Sydney central business district]] File:CBD Melbourne.jpg|[[Melbourne central business district]] File:Skylines of Brisbane CBD in June 2019 seen from Paddington, Queensland.jpg|[[Brisbane central business district]] File:Perth CBD skyline from State War Memorial Lookout, 2023, 04.jpg|[[Perth central business district]] File:Adelaide skyline, December 2022.jpg|[[Adelaide central business district]] File:Darwin homebanner (cropped).jpg|[[Darwin central business district]] File:Canberra Civic Centre-1.jpg|[[Civic, Australian Capital Territory|Canberra central business district]] </gallery> == Brazil == [[São Paulo]] is a multipolar city, with several business districts. [[Avenida Faria Lima]] and the neighboring districts, [[Itaim Bibi]] and [[Vila Olímpia]], now concentrate a large part of the financial activities in São Paulo and [[Brazil]]. [[Avenida Paulista]] and nearby streets is a well-established financial center that has several banking offices and corporate headquarters, as well as hospitals. Its [[Historic Center of São Paulo|Historic Center]] was the city's first business center; There, the [[B3 (stock exchange)|São Paulo Stock Exchange]] is located. The region comprising Avenidas Berrini, Doutor Chucri Zaidan, and Nações Unidas, the city's newest commercial district, has offices of multinational companies and also commercial services. In [[Rio de Janeiro]], Brazil's second-largest city, the main business district still is in downtown, where [[Petrobrás]] and Vale headquarters are located, but there is a concentration of business in [[Botafogo]] harbor and in [[Barra da Tijuca]], a newer Rio de Janeiro suburb located in city's west region. <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> File:Avenida Paulista - chão.jpg|[[Avenida Paulista]], São Paulo File:Marginal Pinheiros e Jockey Club.jpg|[[Itaim Bibi]], with a view of [[Marginal Pinheiros]], São Paulo File:14 06 2019 Foto do dia (48063388692).jpg|[[Centro Empresarial Nações Unidas|CENU]] in [[Brooklin Novo]], São Paulo File:Vale do Anhangabaú Sao Paulo.jpg|[[Historic Center of São Paulo]], where the [[São Paulo Stock Exchange]] is located File:Vila Olímpia.JPG|[[Avenida Faria Lima]] in [[Vila Olímpia]], São Paulo File:Itaim Bibi Business District.jpg|[[Itaim Bibi]], in [[Subprefecture of Pinheiros|Pinheiros]], São Paulo File:Skyline of São Paulo at dusk (318298) (cropped).jpg|[[Jardins]], São Paulo File:Urca, Rio de Janeiro - State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil - panoramio (14).jpg|[[Centro, Rio de Janeiro|Downtown]], Rio de Janeiro File:Belo Horizonte view 081610.jpg|[[Centro, Belo Horizonte]] File:Bairro de Boa Viagem - Zona Sul - Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil.jpg|[[Boa Viagem, Recife]] </gallery> == China == {{columns-list|colwidth=30em| * [[Beijing central business district]], Beijing * [[Lujiazui]], Shanghai * [[Zhujiang New Town]], Guangzhou, Guangdong * [[Futian District]], Shenzhen, Guangdong * [[Jiefangbei CBD|Jiefangbei]], Chongqing * Xiaobailou, [[Tianjin]] * Hexi New Town, [[Nanjing]], Jiangsu * [[Xinjiekou, Nanjing|Xinjiekou]], [[Nanjing]], Jiangsu * [[Jinji Lake]], Suzhou, Jiangsu * Wangjiadun, [[Wuhan]], Hubei * [[Qianjiang New City]], Hangzhou, Zhejiang * Ningbo South, [[Ningbo]], Zhejiang * [[May Fourth Square]], Qingdao, Shandong * Furong, [[Changsha]], Hunan * [[Zhengdong New Area]], Zhengzhou, Henan * Qiandeng Lake, [[Foshan]], Guangdong * Minjiang North, [[Fuzhou]], Fujian * [[Lixia District]], Jinan, Shandong * Tian'e Lake, [[Hefei]], Anhui * ASEAN Business District, [[Nanning]], Guangxi * Hengqin, [[Zhuhai]], Guangdong * [[Tianshan District]], Ürümqi, Xinjiang }} <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> File:Skyline of Beijing CBD with B-5906 approaching (20211016171955).jpg|[[Beijing central business district|Central business district]], Beijing File:Pudong Shanghai November 2017 panorama.jpg|[[Lujiazui]], Shanghai File:Guangzhou skyline.jpg| [[Zhujiang New Town]], Guangzhou File:Commercial area of futian to east2020.jpg| [[Futian District]], Shenzhen File:Jiefangbei.jpg|[[Jiefangbei CBD|Jiefangbei]], Chongqing File:天津中央商务区1.jpg|Xiaobailou, [[Tianjin]] File:东方之门1.jpg|[[Jinji Lake]], Suzhou File:Wuhan CBD Buildings.jpg|Wangjiadun, [[Wuhan]] File:杭州钱江新城 4.jpg|[[Qianjiang New City]], Hangzhou File:Hexi CBD, Nanjing.jpg|Hexi New Town, [[Nanjing]] File:Ningbo South Business District 24-09-2018.jpg|Ningbo South, [[Ningbo]] File:51361-Qingdao May Fourth Square.jpg|[[May Fourth Square]], Qingdao File:Furong Middle Road.jpg|Furong, [[Changsha]] File:20220812 Central Business District of Zhengdong New Area.jpg|[[Zhengdong New Area]], Zhengzhou File:Qiandeng Lake Park at Night 9.jpg|Qiandeng Lake, [[Foshan]] File:Fuzhou Taixi CBD.jpg|Minjiang North, [[Fuzhou]] File:Skyline of CBD, Jinan, China.jpg|[[Lixia District]], Jinan File:Skylines of Hefei at Tianehu.jpg|Tian'e Lake, [[Hefei]] File:南宁东盟商务区.jpg|ASEAN Business District, [[Nanning]] File:Hengqin Port2021.jpg|Hengqin, [[Zhuhai]] File:Urumqi Skyline July 2019.jpg|[[Tianshan District]], Ürümqi </gallery> == Colombia == The largest CBD in [[Colombia]] is [[Bogotá]]'s ''Centro Internacional'', where some of the tallest buildings in [[South America]] have been repurposed as national headquarters for [[Scotiabank|Scotiabank Colpatria]], [[Davivienda]], and [[Bancolombia]], among others. Over the years, Bogotá has developed minor business districts, which include ''Avenida Chile'', ''Ciudad Salitre'', with companies like [[Avianca]], [[Rappi]], [[Johnson & Johnson]], [[Terpel]], [[Hilton Hotels & Resorts|Hilton]], [[Hyatt]], [[Marriott International|Marriott]], [[Sheraton Hotels and Resorts|Sheraton]], [[Ramada]], [[City Express]], [[Aloft]] and [[Novotel]]; or ''Complejo Santa Bárbara'', the last of which features the only [[W Hotel]] in the city. Colombia's other notable CBDs include ''Parque Berrío'' in [[Medellín]], ''[[Bocagrande]]'' in [[Cartagena de Indias|Cartagena]] (the largest touristic CBD in the country), and ''Paseo de Bolívar'' in [[Barranquilla]]. <gallery mode="packed" heights="120"> File:Baluarte de Santiago CTG 11 2019 2137.jpg|''[[Bocagrande]]'' in [[Cartagena de Indias|Cartagena]], the largest CBD in Colombia's Caribbean Region File:Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria.JPG|''Parque Berrío'' in [[Medellín]], the second largest CBD in Colombia File:Torre de Cali (1).JPG|''[[Cali, Colombia|Cali's]] Downtown'' it is the largest CBD in Colombia's Pacific Region File:Edificio North Point Bogotá , Cund.jpeg|''[[North Point Building Complex|North Point]]'' CBD in [[Bogotá]], the third largest in the city. File:Grand Bay Club.jpg|''Grand Bay Club'' in [[Barranquilla]], the second largest CBD in the city </gallery> == England == [[File:City of London, seen from Tower Bridge.jpg|thumb|The [[City of London]], as seen from [[Tower Bridge]].]] The [[City of London]] and [[Canary Wharf]] serve as not only England's, but the entire United Kingdom's largest (via economic output) CBDs. The City hold the crown of the vastest concentration of economic output in the world.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Prynn |first1=Jonathan |title=Booming City of London's GDP soars past the £100 billion mark for first time |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/business/city-of-london-gdp-output-economy-square-mile-b1222970.html |access-date=19 April 2025 |work=[[London Standard|The Standard]] |date=17 April 2025}}</ref> London and Canary Wharf house a significant number of the world's largest corporations. In the 2023 [[Fortune 500|Fortune 500 Europe list]], London had 44 companies, making up about 9% of the list's revenue. Specifically, Shell and BP are headquartered in London, with other notable companies like Unilever and GSK also being based there. Canary Wharf, a major financial district in London, is also home to many global financial institutions, including [[HSBC]], [[Citigroup]], [[Wells Fargo]], [[Barclays]], [[JPMorgan Chase]], [[MetLife]], [[Clifford Chance]], and [[Morgan Stanley]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Top Business Locations in London |url=https://www.londonofficespace.com/buzz/top-business-locations-london/ |website=London Office Space |access-date=19 April 2025 |date=13 June 2023}}</ref> == France == [[La Défense]], west of [[Paris]], is [[France]]'s largest central business district. As of 2025, La Défense was Europe's largest purpose built business district.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-12-08 |title=La Défense, Europe’s largest purpose-built business district, seeks Asian investors |url=https://www.scmp.com/property/article/3289859/la-defense-europes-largest-business-district-outer-paris-seeks-investors-asia |access-date=2025-04-18 |website=South China Morning Post |language=en}}</ref> La Défense hosts 19 of the [[Fortune Global 500|world's biggest 500 companies]], whilst the [[Ile-de-France|Paris region]] as a whole hosts 29 of the world's 500 largest companies, establishing itself as the first city in Europe (and the third worldwide) for the number of companies classified in ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' [[Fortune Global 500]].<ref>[https://parisladefense.com/en/choisir-paris-la-defense 10 reasons to move to Paris La Défense] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201104144655/https://parisladefense.com/en/choisir-paris-la-defense |date=4 November 2020 }}, Official website of [[Paris La Défense]]</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="120"> File:La Défense depuis l'Arc de Triomphe Janvier 2023.jpg|[[Paris]] File:Lyon-part-dieu-2023.jpg|[[Lyon]] </gallery> == Germany == [[File:Frankfurt Am Main-Stadtansicht von der Deutschherrnbruecke zu Beginn der Abenddaemmerung.jpg|thumb|Central business district of [[Frankfurt]], Germany]] In [[Germany]], the terms ''Innenstadt'' and ''Stadtzentrum'' may be used to describe the central business district. These terms can be literally translated as "[[inner city]]" and "city center". Some of the [[metropolitan regions in Germany|larger cities]] have more than one central business district. For example, [[Berlin]] alone has three.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} Due to Berlin's history of division during the [[Cold War]], the city contains central business districts both in West ([[Kurfürstendamm]]) and in East Berlin ([[Alexanderplatz]]), as well as a newly built business district near the [[Potsdamer Platz]]. The city's [[Mitte (locality)|historic center]] (home to the [[Reichstag building]], as well as the [[Brandenburg Gate]] and most federal ministries) was largely abandoned when the [[Berlin Wall]] cut through the area. Only after the reunification with the redevelopment of [[Potsdamer Platz]], and the construction of numerous shopping centers, government ministries, embassies, office buildings and entertainment venues, was the area revived. In [[Frankfurt|Frankfurt am Main]]'s city center, there is a business district called the "[[Bankenviertel]]". In [[Düsseldorf]], there is a business district which is located around the famous high street [[Königsallee]] with banks, shops and offices.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/mischung-macht-das-zentrum-einzigartig-aid-1.4753856 |title=Düsseldorfs Central Business District: Mischung macht das Zentrum einzigartig |author=Thorsten Breitkopf |work=RP ONLINE |date=21 December 2014 |access-date=13 December 2015 |archive-date=12 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170912005551/http://www.rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/duesseldorf/mischung-macht-das-zentrum-einzigartig-aid-1.4753856 |url-status=live }}</ref> == Hong Kong == Traditionally, the Central Business District "CBD" of [[Hong Kong]] is [[Central, Hong Kong|Central]], where many multinational [[Financial institution|financial services corporations]] have their headquarters.{{cn|date=June 2024}} Consulates general and consulates of many countries are also located in this area, as is [[Government Hill]], the site of the old government headquarters.{{cn|date=June 2024}} As the Hong Kong SAR Government Headquarters moved to Tamar, Admiralty, the nearby area is also considered part of the CBD. In [[Quarry Bay]], [[Taikoo Place]] and areas nearby, including [[Admiralty, Hong Kong|Admiralty]], [[Wan Chai]] and [[Causeway Bay]], and [[Tsim Sha Tsui]], [[Kwun Tong]], and [[Kowloon Bay]] are regarded as major business districts of Hong Kong.{{cn|date=June 2024}} <gallery mode="packed" heights="140"> File:Hong Kong Island Skyline 2009.jpg|[[Central, Hong Kong|Central]] and [[Admiralty, Hong Kong|Admiralty]] File:Vista del Puerto de Victoria desde Sky100, Hong Kong, 2013-08-09, DD 10.JPG|[[Tsim Sha Tsui]] File:Wan Chai Overview 2008.jpg|[[Wan Chai]] File:Taikoo Place 2016.jpg|[[Quarry Bay]] </gallery> == India == [[India]]'s capital [[New Delhi]] has been known for its CBD at [[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]]. For the financial capital of the country, the famous CBD is [[Bandra Kurla Complex|The Bandra Kurla Complex]] in [[Mumbai]]. In [[Mumbai]] itself there is [[Nariman Point]], which is another CBD including [[Andheri]] and [[Parel]]. [[Parry's Corner]] and [[Nungambakkam]] are among the main CBDs of [[Chennai]]. [[Bangalore]] has five notable business districts: [[UB City]], Brigade Gateway, [[Koramangala]], [[Indiranagar, Bangalore|Indiranagar]], and [[Electronic City]]. [[Lucknow]] has three business districts, including [[Hazratganj|Hazratganj Market]], Gomti Nagar Extension at the extended area of [[Gomti Nagar]], and [[Aminabad, Lucknow|Aminabad]] in old Lucknow. [[Kolkata]] also has central business districts, including [[B.B.D. Bagh]], [[Park Circus]], [[Esplanade, Kolkata|Esplanade]], [[Salt Lake Sector V]], and [[New Town, Kolkata|New Town]]. <gallery mode="packed" heights="120"> File:Kolkata Central business district's Skyline.jpg|Skyline of [[Chowringhee]], Kolkata File:Drone_view_of_GIFT_City.svg|[[GIFT City]], Gujarat File:Gachibowli,_in_the_Hyderabad_city,_Telengana_43.jpg|Skyline of [[Financial District, Hyderabad]]. File:UB_City,_Bangalore.JPG|[[Bangalore Central Business District]] File:Skyscrapers connaught place New Delhi.JPG|[[Connaught Place, New Delhi|Connaught Place]], New Delhi File:ওরলির_গগনরৈখিক_দৃশ্য.jpg|[[Parel]], Mumbai </gallery> == Indonesia == The largest CBD in [[Indonesia]] is the [[Golden Triangle of Jakarta|Golden Triangle]] (''Segitiga Emas'' in [[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]) in [[Jakarta]]. [[SCBD|Sudirman Central Business District]], a super block that is located within the Golden Triangle, is the first of its kind in Indonesia, and one of the largest commercial center developments in the city. Jakarta started developing its business district in the early 1960s before hosting the [[1962 Asian Games|Asian Games in 1962]].<ref>[http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/06/22/sukarno-s-vision-a-modern-capital.html thejakartapost.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200214012536/https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/06/22/sukarno-s-vision-a-modern-capital.html |date=14 February 2020 }}; Sukarno's vision of a modern capital</ref> [[Surabaya]] in [[East Java]] built its first central business district in the Darmo region. The construction was expected to be completed by 2018 with 150 SOHO units and 500 residences.<ref>[http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/12/03/056724461/Surabaya-to-See-First-Central-Business-District tempo.co] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160913215724/http://en.tempo.co/read/news/2015/12/03/056724461/Surabaya-to-See-First-Central-Business-District |date=13 September 2016 }}; Surabaya to See First Central Business District</ref> {{wide image|Jakarta CBD.jpg|800px|[[Golden Triangle of Jakarta|Jakarta CBD]] seen from south [[Jakarta]]}} ==Italy== In [[Italy]], business districts do not coincide with the geographical centers of the city because the city center is the historical center of the city, and usually not very suitable to function as a modern business district.{{Original research inline|date=March 2024}} A precursor to modern business districts is [[EUR, Rome|EUR]] in [[Rome]], which is now home to several national and international companies and public bodies. The EUR, the [[Centro direzionale di Napoli|Napoli business district]], the [[Centro Direzionale di Milano|Milan business district]], and [[CityLife (Milan)|City Life]], are among the most important commercial areas in Italy. Other important business and financial centers are present in [[San Benigno (Genoa)|Genoa]] and [[Brescia Due|Brescia]]. <gallery mode="packed" heights="120"> File:Milan skyline around Unicredit Tower from Duomo.jpg|[[Centro Direzionale di Milano]], view of the [[Porta Nuova (Milan)|Porta Nuova]] skyscrapers File:Tramonto civile - panoramio.jpg|[[Brescia Due]], Brescia File:The Eni building, Quartiere XXXII Europa, Roma, Lazio, Italy - panoramio.jpg|View of the [[Palazzo Eni]] in [[EUR, Rome|EUR]], Rome File:Veduta delle tre torri del quartiere Citylife a Milano.jpg|[[CityLife (Milan)|City Life]], Milan File:Il Centro San Benigno a Genova visto da Mura degli Angeli, settembre 2014.jpg|[[San Benigno (Genoa)|San Benigno]], Genoa </gallery> ==Japan== *[[Fukuoka]] ([[Chūō-ku, Fukuoka]]) *[[Hiroshima]] ([[Naka-ku, Hiroshima]]) *[[Kobe]] ([[Chūō-ku, Kobe]]) *[[Kyoto]] ([[Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto]]) *[[Nagoya]] ([[Naka-ku, Nagoya]], [[Nakamura-ku, Nagoya]]) *[[Osaka]] ([[Chūō-ku, Osaka]], [[Kita-ku, Osaka]]) *[[Sapporo]] ([[Chūō-ku, Sapporo]]) *[[Sendai]] ([[Aoba-ku, Sendai]]) *[[Tokyo]] ([[Special wards of Tokyo]]) *[[Yokohama]] ([[Naka-ku, Yokohama]]) <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:View from Fukuoka Tower at Blue Hour.jpg|[[Fukuoka]] ([[Nishitetsu Fukuoka (Tenjin) Station|Tenjin]]) File:Hiroshima skyline.jpg|[[Hiroshima]] ([[Hondōri]]) File:Kobe Kobe Port Tower Panoaramablick 03.jpg|[[Kobe]] ([[Sannomiya]]) File:Kyoto Skylines from Shōren-in03.jpg|[[Kyoto]] ([[Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto|Nakagyō-ku]]) File:Sakae night.jpg|[[Nagoya]] ([[Sakae, Nagoya|Sakae]]) File:Meieki from Heiwa Park Aqua Tower.jpg|[[Nagoya]] ([[Nagoya Station|Meieki]]) File:Viewed from the Nakanoshima Festival Tower in 201510 001.JPG|[[Osaka]] ([[Hommachi Station|Hommachi]]) File:Osaka Umeda Sky Building Panoramablick 05.jpg|[[Osaka]] ([[Umeda]]) File:SapporoCity CBD.jpg|[[Sapporo]] ([[Ōdōri Station|Ōdōri]]) File:DownTown of SendaiCity02.jpg|[[Sendai]] ([[Aoba-dori Ichibancho Station|Ichibanchō]]) File:六本木之丘天空甲板 (16017557537).jpg|[[Tokyo]] ([[Chiyoda, Tokyo|Chiyoda]]) File:Tokyo Skyline20210123.jpg|[[Tokyo]] ([[Shinjuku]]) File:Akasaka skyline 201806.jpg|[[Tokyo]] ([[Minato, Tokyo|Minato]]) File:Yokohama Marine Tower (view from) 04.JPG|[[Yokohama]] ([[Kannai]]) </gallery> == Pakistan == [[File:Karachi - A Sea Port and Business hub.jpg|thumb|[[Clifton, Karachi]] in Pakistan]] [[File:DAP Walton BEV01-3.jpg|alt=3D render of Pakistan's first Central Business District currently under construction.|thumb|[[Pakistan]]'s first central business district under construction]] In Pakistan, a central business district or a large, concentrated urban setting within a settlement is called a [[shehar]]. [[Karachi]] is Pakistan's largest city and the country's economic hub; the [[I. I. Chundrigar Road]] acts as Karachi's main financial district. [[Shahrah-e-Faisal|Shahra-e-Faisal]] in Karachi is also one of the most important business districts of Pakistan.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} [[Gulberg, Lahore]] has a large number of important office buildings as well as many high-rises and shopping malls. [[Pakistan]] established its first central business district, Lahore Central Business District, also known as Central Business District Punjab (CBD Punjab) by an ACT of Parliament (LCBDDA Act, 2021) in February 2021.{{Cn|date=March 2024}} Jinnah Avenue in [[Islamabad]] is the main business district of the city. [[Blue Area]] is the central business district of [[Islamabad]]. [[D Ground]] is the central business district of [[Faisalabad]] and [[Saddar, Rawalpindi|Saddar]] is the main central business district of [[Rawalpindi]]. == Peru == [[File:Sanisidroskyscrapers.jpg|thumb|Central business district of [[Lima]], Peru]] In [[Peru]], the central business district is [[San Isidro, Peru|San Isidro]], in [[Lima]], which hosts the majority of Peru's financial industry headquarters.<ref>[http://www.msi.gob.pe/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=20&Itemid=37&limitstart=1 General information of San Isidro (in Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111201170825/http://www.msi.gob.pe/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=20&Itemid=37&limitstart=1 |date=1 December 2011 }} retrieved from San Isidro's Municipality official website http://www.msi.gob.pe/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823084738/http://www.msi.gob.pe/ |date=23 August 2011 }} on 4 September 2011</ref> Although still a largely residential district, the commercial and business activity located in or in the vicinity of the area.<ref>[http://www.about-peru-history.com/san-isidro-peru.html San Isidro – Peru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808105743/http://www.about-peru-history.com/san-isidro-peru.html# |date=8 August 2011 }} retrieved from AboutPeruhistory.com on 4 September 2011</ref><ref>[http://www.sanisidroperu.com/en/tourist-sanisidro-lima-peru/history-of-san-isidro-peru.php History of San Isidro, Lima, Peru] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224717/http://www.sanisidroperu.com/en/tourist-sanisidro-lima-peru/history-of-san-isidro-peru.php |date=3 March 2016 }} retrieved from SanIsidroPeru.com on 4 September 2011</ref> It has{{When|date=March 2024}} a permanent population of around 63,000 inhabitants<ref>[http://www.msi.gob.pe/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18:habitantes&catid=20:nuestro-distrito&Itemid=37 San Isidro – Population – Municipality of San Isidro website (in Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150930085845/http://www.msi.gob.pe/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18:habitantes&catid=20:nuestro-distrito&Itemid=37 |date=30 September 2015 }} retrieved from San Isidro's Municipality official website http://www.msi.gob.pe/ {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823084738/http://www.msi.gob.pe/ |date=23 August 2011 }} on 4 September 2011</ref> and, during weekday business hours, a floating population that exceeds 700,000 daily commuters from other districts in [[Lima]], the national capital.<ref>[https://archive.today/20120803035012/http://www.larepublica.pe/impresa/salmon-plantea-un-san-isidro-digital-2010-09-10 Mayor of San Isidro proposes alternatives to mitigate San Isidro's challenges (in Spanish)] retrieved from LaRepublica.pe on 4 September 2011</ref> [[San Isidro, Peru|San Isidro]] is served by three stations of [[El Metropolitano]], Lima's [[bus rapid transit]] system: [[Javier Prado (Metropolitano)|Estación Javier Prado]], [[Canaval y Moreyra (Metropolitano)|Estación Canaval y Moreyra]] (with over 16,000 daily passengers)<ref>[http://elcomercio.pe/lima/1136304/noticia-estacion-canaval-moreira-tendra-nuevo-acceso-andres-reyes Metropolitano's Canaval y Moreyra station will have a new access for passengers (in Spanish)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130526075258/http://elcomercio.pe/lima/1136304/noticia-estacion-canaval-moreira-tendra-nuevo-acceso-andres-reyes |date=26 May 2013 }} retrieved from El Comercio.pe on 22 August 2011</ref><ref>[http://peru21.pe/impresa/noticia/estacion-canaval-moreyra-tendra-nuevo-ingreso/2011-08-23/311792 Canaval y Moreyra station will have a new access for passengers (in Spanish)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120512140235/http://peru21.pe/impresa/noticia/estacion-canaval-moreyra-tendra-nuevo-ingreso/2011-08-23/311792 |date=12 May 2012 }} retrieved from Peru21.pe on 23 August 2011</ref> and [[Aramburú (Metropolitano)|Estación Aramburú]]. In the early 21st century, the southeastern district of [[Surco]]<ref>[http://www.munisurco.gob.pe/ Municipality of Santiago de Surco – official website (in Spanish)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110923155712/http://www.munisurco.gob.pe/ |date=23 September 2011 }} retrieved on 16 September 2011</ref> experienced a significant increase in upscale corporate developments in the area comprised by avenues Manuel Holguín, El Derby, El Polo, and La Encalada due to lower restrictions to grant [[construction permit]] and proximity to residential middle and upper class districts and is set to become, after traditional [[San Isidro, Peru|San Isidro]] and [[Miraflores District, Lima|Miraflores]], the new [[financial center]] of [[Lima]]. == Philippines == {{Unreferenced section|date=March 2024}} The Philippines has three major central business districts, which are all located in Metro Manila. Bonifacio Global City (second) is the newest and one of the largest central business districts in the Philippines. The Bases Conversion and Development Authority (BCDA), Ayala Land, Inc. and Evergreen Holdings, Inc. controls Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation, which oversees the master planning of Bonifacio Global City. Ortigas Center (fourth), with an area of more than 100 hectares (250 acres), is the Philippines' second most important business district after the Makati CBD and is home to Asian Development Bank. Meanwhile, the Makati Central Business District (third), also known as the Makati CBD, is the leading financial and the largest central business district in the Philippines. <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:Clark Global city 2023.jpg|[[Clark Global City]] File:View from Grand Hyatt Manila overlooking Bonifacio Global City and Makati skylines at sunset.jpg|[[Bonifacio Global City]] File:Makati City Lights (Jopet Sy) - Flickr.jpg|[[Makati Central Business District]] File:Ortigas Tonight.jpg|[[Ortigas Center]] </gallery> == Poland == In [[Poland]], the terms ''śródmieście'' or ''centrum'' are often used to describe the central business district. <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:Panorama siekierkowski.jpg|Business center in [[Warsaw]] File:Katowice city centre (4).jpg|Business center in [[Katowice]] </gallery> == Russia == {{Unreferenced section|date=March 2024}} The largest central business district in [[Russia]] is the [[Moscow International Business Center]] (MIBC) in [[Moscow]], a commercial development located just east of the [[Third Ring Road (Moscow)|Third Ring Road]] at the western edge of the [[Presnensky District]] in the [[Central Administrative Okrug]] of the city. As of 2021, it is still under development. The construction of the MIBC takes place on the Presnenskaya Embankment of the [[Moskva (river)|Moskva River]], approximately 4 kilometers (2.5 mi) west of [[Red Square]], overlooked by the Third Ring Road. The project occupies an area of 60 hectares. The second-largest central business district is [[Yekaterinburg-City]] in [[Yekaterinburg]], the [[List of cities and towns in Russia by population|fourth-largest city]] in the country. It is located on the [[Iset (river)|Iset River]], and is under development as of 2021. The area occupies five hectares. <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:Moscow City2019.jpg|[[Moscow International Business Center|MIBC]] in [[Moscow]], one of the largest [[financial center]]s in [[Europe]] and the world, includes several of [[List of tallest buildings in Europe|Europe's tallest skyscrapers]]. File:Yekaterinburg-City (September 2022) - 1.jpg|[[Yekaterinburg-City]] in [[Yekaterinburg]], the second-largest central business district in [[Russia]] File:Grozny, Russia, Grozny Towers at night.jpg|[[Grozny-City]] in [[Grozny]] </gallery> == Saudi Arabia == [[Saudi Arabia]] has several business districts, including: * [[Mecca]] ([[King Abdullah Economic City]]) * [[Riyadh]] ([[King Abdullah Financial District]]) <gallery> File:The king Abdullah Financial District..JPG File:King fahad olaya-road Riyadh.jpg </gallery> == Singapore == [[File:1 Singapore city skyline 2010 day panorama.jpg|thumb|The Singapore River Planning Area seen from the eastern bank of the [[Singapore River]] with the central business district located on its western bank]] In [[Singapore]], the CBD is in the [[Downtown Core]], one of the constituent [[Planning Areas of Singapore|planning areas]] of the [[Central Area, Singapore|Central Area]], the country's [[city center]]. Its densest point is centered around [[Raffles Place]], where most of Singapore's skyscrapers are located. The CBD sometimes also describes Central Area as a whole. Singapore's CBD is the historic heart of the city-state, which makes it a mix of a tourist attraction and a business center. The CBD includes several multinational corporate headquarters, [[Singapore Management University]], and historical buildings and museums. As of 2016, the [[Government of Singapore|Singaporean government]] intends to redevelop [[Jurong East]] into a second CBD in Singapore.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jurong, The Next CBD |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/tv/tvshows/moneymind/jurong-the-next-cbd/3070102.html |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |access-date=25 August 2016 |archive-date=26 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826220432/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/tv/tvshows/moneymind/jurong-the-next-cbd/3070102.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The area has also been earmarked as the site of the rail terminus for the [[Kuala Lumpur–Singapore High Speed Rail]]. == South Africa == [[File:Cape Town CBD skyline as seen from De Waterkant.jpg|thumb|The skyline of [[Cape Town]]'s central business district seen from a rooftop in [[De Waterkant]]]] [[South Africa]]'s largest cities, [[Cape Town]], [[Durban]], [[Johannesburg]], [[Pretoria]], and [[Port Elizabeth]], have CBDs that include the corporate headquarters for many of South Africa's largest companies, its [[convention center]]s, and many of the country's tallest buildings. Cape Town has one of South Africa's most iconic skyline (which includes [[Table Mountain]]) and the city's CBD.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.new7wonders.com/community/en/new7wonders/new7wonders_of_nature/table_mountain |website=New 7 Wonders |title=Table Mountain |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100927200554/http://www.new7wonders.com/community/en/new7wonders/new7wonders_of_nature/table_mountain |archive-date=27 September 2010 }}</ref> == South Korea == {{Further|Downtown Seoul|Gangnam|Yeouido}} In [[South Korea]], the national capital of [[Seoul]] includes three central business districts. The [[Downtown Seoul]], a historic area inside the [[Fortress Wall of Seoul]] in the [[Jongno District|Jongno]] and [[Jung District, Seoul|Jung]] districts has historically been the city's political, social and cultural heart, and still houses many corporate headquarters and political institutions in South Korea. It is also the most popular area for tourists and the city's main commercial district. While the district has a high density of high rise buildings, the tallest building, the SK Building, only reaches a height of 160m due to historic preservation regulations.<ref>{{cite book |last1=김 |first1=광중 |last2=정 |first2=희윤 |last3=김 |first3=도년 |last4=김 |first4=세훈 |last5=배 |first5=정한 |last6=장 |first6=영희 |last7=이 |first7=광훈 |date=2021-11-30 |title=서울도시계획사 4 지방자치시대의 도시계획 (서울역사총서 12) |trans-title=History of urban planning in Seoul, Vol. 4., Urban planning in age of local autonomy |url=https://lib.seoul.go.kr/search/detail/CATTOT000001524020 |language=ko |location=Seoul |publisher=Seoul Special City Government |isbn=9791160711332 |access-date=5 February 2024 |archive-date=5 February 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240205151532/https://lib.seoul.go.kr/search/detail/CATTOT000001524020 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|134–135}} The second main district, located in the southeast part of Seoul, is [[Gangnam District]], an area that was developed in the 1980s and is now among the city's most affluent neighborhoods. The Gangnam District has concentration mainly in economic power of Seoul, as many of prominent company HQs are located on [[Teheran-ro|Teheran Avenue]]. Gangnam Avenue and Yeondong Avenue, which includes the [[COEX]] mall, are major thoroughfares in Seoul. The tallest buildings in Gangnam include [[Tower Palace One]], a residential complex, [[Trade Tower]], Gangnam Finance Center, and Parnas Tower. Seoul's third business district is [[Yeouido]], an island located in central Seoul in the [[Yeongdeungpo District]]. Yeouido was developed in the 1970s; since the 1990s, however, it has become Seoul's financial center. Smaller in geographic size that the other two business districts, Yeouido has some of Seoul's tallest skyscrapers, including [[Parc1 Tower]], [[International Finance Center Seoul]], and the [[63 Building]]. Yeouido is where the [[National Assembly of South Korea]] and many media companies and political institutions are based. Smaller but notable central business districts in South Korea include the [[Jamsil-dong|Jamsil]] area, which is the location of the 555-metre tall [[Lotte World Tower]], [[Guro-dong|Guro]] Digital Complex, [[Gasan-dong|Gasan]] Digital Complex, the [[Magok]] Business District, the [[Sangam-dong|Sangam]] Digital Media City, the [[Munjeong-dong|Munjeong]] Administrative Town, and Mapo Avenue. The area near [[Yongsan Station]], including the proposed [[Yongsan International Business District]], is considered an emerging major commercial district that will exist in synergy with nearby [[Yeouido]]. In [[Busan]], South Korea's second-largest city, the central business district is along the Jungang Avenue, starting around the commercial area of [[Seomyeon Station]] and then proceeding south to the [[Busan International Finance Center]] in Munhyeon-dong and the area near [[Busan Station]] and Jungang-dong, where several corporate offices are located. A second major business district in Busan is Centum City, in the [[Haeundae District]]. <gallery mode="packed" heights="155"> File:Yoon Dongju 19 (7869936998).jpg|[[Seoul]] ([[Downtown Seoul]]) File:Seoul Tower View.jpg|[[Seoul]] ([[Gangnam District|Gangnam]]) File:Yeouido, Seoul.jpg|[[Seoul]] ([[Yeouido]]) File:Busan Haeundae Centum City.jpg|[[Busan]] ([[Haeundae District|Haeundae]]) </gallery> == Spain == In [[Spain]], the largest central business districts are in [[Madrid]], the national capital. [[Paseo de la Castellana]] includes the city's main business districts: the [[Gate of Europe]], [[AZCA]], and [[Cuatro Torres Business Area|CTBA]]. AZCA is {{convert|19|ha|adj=on}} super block near [[Real Madrid C.F.|Real Madrid's]] stadium [[Santiago Bernabéu Stadium|Santiago Bernabéu]]. It was the country's main business area during the late 20th century when most of the region's skyscrapers were developed. The tallest building in AZCA is the [[Torre Picasso]], a 158-storey tower{{clarify|date=November 2023}} that was designed by [[Minoru Yamasaki]] architect, and includes the national headquarters for several multinational corporations, including [[Google]] and [[Deloitte]]. There is also [[Madrid Nuevo Norte]], starting construction in 2025. Making it one of the largest urban rehabilitation projects in Europe. It will include a new Central Business District, connecting with the already constructed [[Cuatro Torres Business Area]].<ref>{{cite web | url=https://creamadridnuevonorte.com/en/noticia/this-is-what-madrid-nuevo-norte-cbd-will-be-like/ | title=Madrid Nuevo Norte Business Center: Shaping a dynamic urban landscape | CreaMNN | date=24 March 2023 }}</ref> The Gate of Europe has twin towers, which hold Spanish bank [[Bankia]] and Realia, a real estate company. A few blocks north of the Gate of Europe is CTBA, a complex of four skyscrapers that are the tallest in Spain. Notable architects, including [[Norman Foster, Baron Foster of Thames Bank|Norman Foster]], [[Ieoh Ming Pei]], and [[Cesar Pelli]], have designed its towers, which were completed in 2008. The tallest building, [[Torre de Cristal]], is the fourth-tallest building is [[Western Europe]] with a height of {{convert|250|m|ft|sp=us}}. The complex houses the Spain-based headquarters for several multinational corporations, including [[KPMG]], [[Coca-Cola]], [[Volkswagen]], [[Bankia]], [[Cepsa]], [[Pwc]], [[Obrascón Huarte Lain|OHL]], and the embassies of the [[Netherlands]], [[United Kingdom]], [[Canada]], and [[Australia]], and a five-star hotel owned by [[Eurostars Hotels|Eurostars]]. A fifth tower is being for [[Instituto de Empresa]] university. In [[Barcelona]], the [[22@]], [[Gran Via (Barcelona)|Gran Via]] and [[Granvia l'Hospitalet]] are the city's two main business districts. The Catalan capital does not have a reputation for skyscrapers and financial hubs, but has attracted several media and technology companies, including [[Microsoft]] and [[Yahoo!]]. In 2005, the [[Torre Agbar]], designed by French architect [[Jean Nouvel]], is the third-tallest building in Barcelona with a height of {{convert|145|m|ft|sp=us}} and was intended to become a [[Hyatt]] hotel once administrative issues are resolved.<ref name="lavanguardia">{{cite web |url=http://www.lavanguardia.com/local/barcelona/20170212/414267936478/bloqueo-municipal-venta-torre-agbar-virgin-hotels.html |first1=Rosa |last1=Salvador |website=La Vanguardia |title=El hotel que no pudo ser |date=12 February 2017 |access-date=11 August 2017 |archive-date=4 January 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180104095527/http://www.lavanguardia.com/local/barcelona/20170212/414267936478/bloqueo-municipal-venta-torre-agbar-virgin-hotels.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Moreover, [[Barcelona]] is building the new [[La Sagrera]] station which will include a new office buildings, parks and culture centers. Construction has already started by moving the railway tracks in the area underground.<ref>{{Cite web |title=» La gestió de l'actuació Barcelona Sagrera Alta Velocitat |url=https://barcelonasagrera.com/la-gestion-de-la-actuacion/ |access-date=2025-04-02 |website=barcelonasagrera.com}}</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:AZCA.c.m.2.jpg|[[AZCA]] and [[Cuatro Torres Business Area|CTBA]] business districts in Madrid File:Central business district of Barcelona (2).JPG|[[22@]] district in Barcelona File:Valencia XXI.jpg|business district in [[Valencia]] </gallery> == Taiwan == In [[Taiwan]], the term "city centre" ({{zh|t=市中心}}) is often used instead of central business district, but a different commercial district outside of the historic core is typically labelled a CBD ({{zh|t=中心商業區}}), "financial district" ({{zh|t=金融貿易區}}), or "Yolk area" ({{zh|t=蛋黃區}}). Taiwan also has many traditional central business districts. In [[Taipei]], the capital city of [[Taiwan]], the area around its [[Taipei Station|main railway station]], including the [[Taipei West District Gateway Project]], is regarded as Taipei's historic centre; it is home to many of Taiwan's national government buildings, including the [[Presidential Office Building, Taipei|Presidential Office]], the [[Executive Yuan]], the [[Control Yuan]], the [[Legislative Yuan]], the [[Judicial Yuan]], and various government ministries. The second main district, in the central part Taipei, is the [[Xinyi Special District]], which was developed mostly in the 1990s, and has emerged as Taipei's financial, political, and commercial center. The district includes the greatest concentration of corporate headquarters and offices in Taipei and is amongst the nation's largest shopping districts. It also includes many of Taipei's tallest skyscrapers, including the {{convert|509.2|m|adj=on|sp=us}}-tall [[Taipei 101]], [[Taipei Nan Shan Plaza]], and [[Fubon Xinyi A25]].<ref name="Xinyi Commercial District">{{Cite web|url=https://english.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=402B57FB0F908E53|title=About Xinyi District|website=Taipei City Government|language=en|access-date=26 September 2020|archive-date=22 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922185223/https://english.gov.taipei/cp.aspx?n=402B57FB0F908E53|url-status=live}}</ref> Taipei's third business district, [[Nangang District, Taipei|Nangang District]], is situated in the very east of the city. Nangang was developed in the early 21st century and is the seat of the [[Academia Sinica]], [[Taipei World Trade Center Nangang Exhibition Hall]], and [[Nankang Software Park]] (NKSP). [[Greater Taipei]] serves as a multi-central [[metropolitan area]], and a few other areas have become important business districts, including [[Daan District, Taipei|Daan District]], [[Xinban Special District]], [[Neihu District]] and [[Xinzhuang Sub-city Center]], which is considered to have the potential to emerge as a major commercial district in Taiwan, functioning in synergy with nearby [[Sanchong District]] and [[Wugu District]]. In [[Taichung]], Taiwan's second-largest city after Taipei, the central business district is [[Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone]]. It features broad and widely spaced boulevards, attractive apartments, department stores, and office towers, which are brightly lit at night. In [[Kaohsiung]], Taiwan's harbour city, the central business district is [[Asia New Bay Area]], which is home to the city's tallest skyscrapers, including [[85 Sky Tower]] and [[Farglory THE ONE]] and [[Port of Kaohsiung]], the nation's largest port. <gallery mode="packed" heights="170"> File:Taipei Night Skyline from Hongludi 20240113.jpg|Taipei's CBD skyline, with Taipei 101 in the ([[Xinyi Special District]]) File:Taichung Skyline 20231202.jpg|[[Taichung's 7th Redevelopment Zone]] is the main CBD of Taichung. File:Kaohsiung Skyline with Dagang Bridge 2024.jpg|[[Asia New Bay Area]] is the main CBD of Kaohsiung. </gallery> == Turkey == In Turkey, [[Ankara]] became the nation's capital in the early 20th century, but [[Istanbul Central Business District|Istanbul]] has remained the main economic center of the country. But a 262 hectare central business district is planned in<ref>{{Cite web |title=Kentsel Dönüşüm > Merkezi iş Alanı (MİA) |url=https://www.ankara.bel.tr/kentsel-donusum/merkezi-is-alani-mia?web=1 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729001119/https://www.ankara.bel.tr/kentsel-donusum/merkezi-is-alani-mia?web=1 |archive-date=Jul 29, 2021 |website=Ankara Büyükşehir Belediyesi}}</ref> Varlık, [[Altındağ]]. <gallery mode="packed" heights="150"> File:Söğütözü Ankara.jpg|Söğütözü, [[Ankara]] File:Levent business district in Istanbul at night.jpg|[[Levent]] business district in [[Istanbul]] at night File:Maslak kerembarut.jpg|[[Maslak]], Istanbul </gallery> == See also == * [[Business improvement district]] * [[Commercial area]] * [[City center]] * [[Downtown]] * [[List of central business districts]] * [[Main Street]] == References == {{Reflist}} {{Cities}} {{Authority control}} [[Category:Central business districts| ]] [[Category:Cities]] [[Category:Neighbourhoods]]
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