Editing Carme (moon)

{{short description|Moon of Jupiter}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox planet
 | name            = Carme
 | image           = Carmé.jpg
 | caption         = Carme photographed by the [[Haute-Provence Observatory]] in December 1998
 | pronounced      = {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑr|m|iː}}<ref>{{cite dictionary|last=Webster|first=Noah|author-link=Noah Webster|year=1884|title=A Practical Dictionary of the English Language}}</ref><ref>{{Dict.com|Carme}}</ref>
 | adjective       = Carmean {{IPAc-en|k|ɑr|ˈ|m|iː|ə|n}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Yenne|first=Bill|year=1987|title=The Atlas of the Solar System}}</ref>
 | named_after     = [[Carme (mythology)|Κάρμη]] ''Karmē''
 | mpc_name        = Jupiter XI
 | alt_names       = 
 | discovery_ref   = <ref name="Nicholson1938"/>
 | discoverer      = [[Seth Barnes Nicholson|Seth B. Nicholson]]
 | discovery_site  = [[Mount Wilson Observatory|Mt. Wilson Observatory]]
 | discovered      = 30 July 1938
 | earliest_precovery_date = 
 | satellite_of    = [[Jupiter]]
 | group           = [[Carme group]]
 | orbit_ref       = <ref name="MPC127087"/>
 | epoch           = 17 December 2020 ([[Julian day|JD]] 2459200.5)
 | observation_arc = 82.02 [[Julian year (astronomy)|yr]] (29,958 days)
 | semimajor       = {{cvt|0.1509370|AU|km|lk=in}}
 | eccentricity    = 0.2294925
 | period          = –693.17 d
 | mean_anomaly    = 17.48241[[Degree (angle)|°]]
 | mean_motion     = {{Deg2DMS|0.51935560|sup=ms}} / day
 | inclination     = 163.53496° (to [[ecliptic]])
 | asc_node        = 209.94088°
 | arg_peri        = 133.45035°
 | mean_diameter   = {{val|46.7|0.9|u=km}}<ref name="Grav2015"/>
 | mass            = {{val|8.69|e=16|u=kg}} (calculated)
 | density         = 1.63 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (assumed)<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Chen |first=Zhenghan |last2=Yang |first2=Kun |last3=Liu |first3=Xiaodong |date=2023-12-23 |title="Life" of dust originating from the irregular satellites of Jupiter |arxiv=2402.03680 |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=527 |issue=4 |pages=11327–11337 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stad3829 |issn=0035-8711|doi-access=free}}</ref>
 | surface_grav    = 
 | escape_velocity = 
 | rotation        = {{val|10.40|0.05|ul=h}}<ref name="Luu1991"/>
 | albedo          = {{val|0.035|0.006}}<ref name="Grav2015"/>
 | magnitude       = 18.9<ref name="SheppardMoons"/>
 | abs_magnitude   = 10.5<ref name="MPC127087"/>
 | spectral_type   = [[D-type asteroid|D]]<ref name="Grav2015"/>
}}

'''Carme''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɑr|m|iː}} is a [[retrograde motion|retrograde]] [[irregular satellite]] of [[Jupiter]]. It was discovered by [[Seth Barnes Nicholson]] at [[Mount Wilson Observatory]] in [[California]] in July 1938.<ref name="Nicholson1938"/> It is named after the mythological [[Carme (mythology)|Carme]], mother by [[Zeus]] of [[Britomartis]], a [[Crete|Cretan]] goddess.

==History==
[[File:Carme-WISE.gif|thumb|left|upright|Carme observed by the [[Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer]] (WISE) spacecraft in 2014]]
Carme did not receive its present name until 1975;<ref>[http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/02800/02846.html IAUC 2846: ''Satellites of Jupiter''] 1974 October 7 (naming the moon)</ref> before then, it was simply known as '''{{nowrap|Jupiter XI}}'''. It was sometimes called "[[Pan (mythology)|Pan]]"<ref name="Gaposchkin">{{cite book| last=Payne-Gaposchkin|first=Cecilia|author2=Katherine Haramundanis|title=Introduction to Astronomy|year=1970|publisher=[[Prentice-Hall]]|location=Englewood Cliffs, N.J.|isbn=0-13-478107-4}}</ref> between 1955 and 1975 (Pan is now the name of [[Pan (moon)|a satellite of Saturn]]).

It gives its name to the [[Carme group]], made up of irregular retrograde moons orbiting Jupiter at a distance ranging between 23 and 24 Gm and at an inclination of about 165°. Its orbital elements are as of 17 December 2020.<ref name="MPC127087"/> They are continuously changing due to [[Sun|solar]] and planetary perturbations.

==Properties==
With a diameter of {{val|46.7|0.9|u=km}}, it is the largest member of the Carme group and the fourth largest irregular moon of Jupiter.<ref name="Grav2015"/> It is light red in color (B−V=0.76, V−R=0.47), similar to [[D-type asteroid]]s and consistent with [[Taygete (moon)|Taygete]], but not [[Kalyke]].<ref name="Grav2003">{{cite journal|last=Grav|first=Tommy|title=Photometric survey of the irregular satellites|journal=Icarus|volume=166|issue=1|date=2003|pages=33–45|doi=10.1016/j.icarus.2003.07.005|author2=Holman, M. J.|author3= Gladman, B. J.|author4= Aksnes, K.|bibcode=2003Icar..166...33G|arxiv = astro-ph/0301016 |s2cid=7793999}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Irregular satellite]]s
*[[Jupiter's moons in fiction]]

==References==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="MPC127087">{{cite web
  |title      = M.P.C. 127087
  |url        = https://minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2020/MPC_20201117.pdf
  |work       = Minor Planet Circular
  |publisher  = Minor Planet Center
  |date       = 17 November 2019}}</ref>

<ref name="SheppardMoons">{{cite web
  |title      = Scott S. Sheppard - Jupiter Moons
  |url        = https://sites.google.com/carnegiescience.edu/sheppard/moons/jupitermoons
  |last       = Sheppard |first = Scott
  |work       = Department of Terrestrial Magnetism 
  |publisher  = Carnegie Institution for Science
  |access-date = 26 November 2020}}</ref>

<ref name="Nicholson1938">{{cite journal |last=Nicholson |first=S. B. |title=Two New Satellites of Jupiter |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |year=1938 |volume=50 |issue=297 | pages=292–293 |url=http://adsabs.harvard.edu//full/seri/PASP./0050//0000292.000.html |doi=10.1086/124963 |bibcode=1938PASP...50..292N|s2cid=120216615 }}</ref>

<ref name="Luu1991">{{cite journal
  |first      = Jane |last = Luu
  |date       = September 1991
  |title      = CCD photometry and spectroscopy of the outer Jovian satellites
  |journal    = Astronomical Journal
  |volume     = 102
  |pages      = 1213–1225
  |issn       = 0004-6256
  |doi        = 10.1086/115949
  |bibcode    = 1991AJ....102.1213L}}</ref>

<ref name="Grav2015">{{cite journal
  |display-authors = etal
  |first1     = T. |last1 = Grav
  |first2     = J. M. |last2 = Bauer
  |first3     = A. K. |last3 = Mainzer
  |first4     = J. R. |last4 = Masiero
  |first5     = C. R. |last5 = Nugent
  |first6     = R. M. |last6 = Cutri
  |date       = August 2015
  |title      = NEOWISE: Observations of the Irregular Satellites of Jupiter and Saturn
  |journal    = The Astrophysical Journal
  |volume     = 809
  |issue      = 1
  |id         = 3
  |pages      = 9
  |doi        = 10.1088/0004-637X/809/1/3
  |arxiv = 1505.07820 |bibcode    = 2015ApJ...809....3G|s2cid = 5834661 |url = https://authors.library.caltech.edu/61254/1/Grav_2015.pdf }}</ref>

}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070608214836/http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Carme Carme Profile] by [http://solarsystem.nasa.gov NASA's Solar System Exploration]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20060901072706/http://www.ifa.hawaii.edu/~jewitt/irregulars.html David Jewitt pages]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20081206061458/http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/sheppard/satellites/jupsatdata.html Jupiter's Known Satellites] (by [[Scott S. Sheppard]])

{{Moons of Jupiter}}

[[Category:Carme group]]
[[Category:Moons of Jupiter]]
[[Category:Irregular satellites]]
[[Category:Astronomical objects discovered in 1938|19380730]]
[[Category:Moons with a retrograde orbit]]