Editing Carl Maria von Weber

{{Short description|German Romantic composer (1786–1826)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2021}}
{{Redirect|von Weber}}
{{Infobox classical composer
| name          = Carl Maria von Weber
| image         = Caroline Bardua - Bildnis des Komponisten Carl Maria von Weber.jpg
| caption       = Weber in 1821, by [[Caroline Bardua]]
| birth_name    = Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber
| birth_date    = 18/19 November 1786
| birth_place   = [[Eutin]], [[Prince-Bishopric of Lübeck]], [[Holy Roman Empire]]
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|1826|06|05|1786|11|df=y}}
| death_place   = [[London]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|UK]]
| occupation    = {{hlist|Composer|conductor|pianist|guitarist|music critic}}
| works         = [[List of compositions by Carl Maria von Weber|List of compositions]]
}}

'''Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber''' ({{circa|18 November 1786}}{{spaced ndash}}5 June 1826) was a German composer, conductor, [[virtuoso]] pianist, guitarist, and [[Music criticism|critic]] in the early [[Romantic music|Romantic period]]. Best known for [[List of operas by Carl Maria von Weber|his operas]], he was a crucial figure in the development of German ''[[Romantische Oper]]'' (German Romantic opera).{{sfn|Brown|2002a}}

Throughout his youth, his father, {{ill|Franz Anton von Weber|de|lt=Franz Anton}}, relentlessly moved the family between [[Hamburg]], Salzburg, [[Freiberg]], [[Augsburg]] and [[Vienna]]. Consequently he studied with many teachers—his father, [[Johann Peter Heuschkel]], [[Michael Haydn]], [[Giovanni Valesi]], [[Johann Nepomuk Kalcher]], and [[Georg Joseph Vogler]]—under whose supervision he composed four operas, none of which survive complete.{{sfn|Brown|2002a}} He had a modest output of non-operatic music, which includes two symphonies, two concertos and a [[Concertino for Clarinet (Weber)|concertino]] for clarinet and orchestra, a [[Bassoon Concerto (Weber)|bassoon concerto]], a [[Concertino for Horn and Orchestra (Weber)|horn concertino]], two concertos and a [[Konzertstück in F minor (Weber)|Konzertstück]] for piano and orchestra, piano pieces such as ''[[Invitation to the Dance (Weber)|Invitation to the Dance]]''; and many pieces that featured the clarinet, usually written for the virtuoso [[clarinetist]] [[Heinrich Baermann]].

His mature operas—''[[Silvana (opera)|Silvana]]'' (1810), ''[[Abu Hassan]]'' (1811), ''[[Der Freischütz]]'' (1821), ''[[Die drei Pintos]]'' ({{Abbr|comp.|composed in}} 1820–21), ''[[Euryanthe]]'' (1823), ''[[Oberon (Weber)|Oberon]]'' (1826)—had a major impact on subsequent German composers including [[Heinrich Marschner|Marschner]], [[Giacomo Meyerbeer|Meyerbeer]], and [[Richard Wagner|Wagner]]; his compositions for piano influenced those of [[Felix Mendelssohn|Mendelssohn]], [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]] and [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]]. His best known work, ''Der Freischütz'', remains among the most significant [[Opera in German|German operas]].{{sfn|Brown|2002f}}

==Life and career==
===Childhood===
Carl Maria Friedrich Ernst von Weber was born around 18 November 1786 in [[Eutin]], [[Bishopric of Lübeck]].{{sfn|Brown|2002a}}{{sfn|von Weber|1864|pp=[https://archive.org/stream/carlmariavonweb02webegoog#page/n67/mode/2up 19–20]}} He was the eldest of the three children of Franz Anton von Weber and his second wife, [[Genovefa Weber]], a Viennese singer. He was baptized [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] on 20 November 1786 with the name Carl Friedrich Ernst; the alternative second name Maria appeared only later. His brother and sister died in infancy.{{sfn|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe – Biographie}} Both parents were Catholic and originally came from the far south of Germany. The "[[von]]" was an affectation of his father's, who was not an aristocrat and who claimed descent from a south German noble family which was already extinct at the time.

In April 1779, Franz Anton had been appointed director of the prince-bishopric orchestra, Eutin, which, however, was dissolved in 1781 because of spending cuts. He then took the position of Eutin's municipal music director. Dissatisfied with this position, he resigned in 1787 and founded a theatre company in Hamburg. After a brief stay in Vienna, he joined the theatre company of Johann Friedrich Toscani (husband of [[Elisabeth Toscani]]) and Peter Carl Santorini, who performed in [[Kassel]], [[Marburg]], and [[Hofgeismar]]. He tried repeatedly to establish a lasting company of his own but had only intermittent success.{{sfn|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe – Biographie}}

Franz Anton's half-brother, {{Ill|Franz Fridolin Weber|de|Franz Fridolin Weber|fr}}, married [[Cäcilia Weber|Cäcilia Stamm]] and had four daughters—[[Josepha Weber|Josepha]], [[Aloysia Weber|Aloysia]], [[Constanze Mozart|Constanze]], and [[Sophie Weber|Sophie]]—all of whom became notable singers. [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart]] attempted to woo Aloysia, composing several pieces for her. After she rejected his advances, Mozart went on to marry Constanze; thus Mozart's wife was a cousin of Carl Maria von Weber.

A gifted violinist, Franz Anton had ambitions of turning Weber into a [[child prodigy]] like Mozart. Weber was born with a congenital hip disorder and did not begin to walk until he was four. But by then, he was already a capable singer and pianist.

===Education===
Franz Anton gave Weber a comprehensive education, which was frequently interrupted by the family's moves. In 1796, Weber continued his musical education in [[Hildburghausen]], [[Thuringia]], where he was instructed by the oboist [[Johann Peter Heuschkel]]. After moving to Salzburg in autumn 1797, Weber studied from 1798 with [[Michael Haydn]], younger brother of the better-known [[Joseph Haydn]], who agreed to teach Weber free of charge.

His time in Salzburg was overshadowed by the death of his mother Genovefa, who succumbed to [[tuberculosis]] on 13 March 1798, and that of his one-year-old sister Antonetta on 29 December 1798 in [[Munich]]. After the death of Carl's mother, his paternal aunt Adelaide took over the care of him.

A visit to Joseph Haydn in Vienna, presumably in hope of advanced teaching, was fruitless. In autumn 1798, Weber moved to Munich where he studied singing with [[Giovanni Valesi|Johann Evangelist Wallishauser]] and composing with Johann Nepomuk Kalcher, who supervised Weber's first opera, {{Ill|Die Macht der Liebe und des Weins|lt=''Die Macht der Liebe und des Weins''|de}} (''The Power of Love and Wine''). Like his other compositions of that period, this opera is lost. Six [[fughetta]]s for piano of the twelve-year-old Weber were published in [[Leipzig]].

Weber's musical education was extended by a mastering of [[lithography]] which he learned in the workshop of [[Alois Senefelder]] (the inventor of the process) and [[Franz Gleißner]] (autumn 1799). A set of his ''Variations for the Pianoforte'' was lithographed by Weber himself.

In 1800, the family moved to Freiberg in [[Saxony]], where Weber, then 14 years old, wrote an opera called ''Das stumme Waldmädchen'' (''The Silent Forest Maiden''). It was produced at the Freiberg and [[Chemnitz]] theatres and later in [[Saint Petersburg]] (1804), Vienna (1804/1805) and [[Prague]] (1806). The young Weber also began to publish articles as a music critic, for example in the ''Leipziger Neue Zeitung'' in 1801.

In 1801, the family returned to Salzburg, where Weber resumed his studies with Michael Haydn. Weber composed his third opera ''[[Peter Schmoll und seine Nachbarn]]'' (''Peter Schmoll and His Neighbours'') of which his teacher approved. After a concert tour in 1802 the Webers returned to Augsburg where it is believed ''Peter Schmoll'' premiered.

In mid 1803, Weber continued his studies in Vienna with Abbé Vogler, founder of important music schools in [[Mannheim]], Stockholm, and [[Darmstadt]]. Another famous pupil of Vogler in Darmstadt was Jakob Meyer Beer, later known as [[Giacomo Meyerbeer]], who became a close friend of Weber. In letters they addressed each other as "brother".{{sfn|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe – Biographie}}

===Early career 1804–1810===
[[File:Carl Maria von Weber 1814 painting by Thomas Lawrence.jpg|thumb|200px|Carl Maria von Weber (1814) Painting by [[Thomas Lawrence]]]]
Vogler recommended the 17-year-old Weber for the post of Director at the [[Breslau Opera]] in 1804; Weber was offered and accepted the post. He sought to reform the Opera by pensioning off older singers, expanding the orchestra, and tackling a more challenging repertoire. His ambitious and dedicated work as director of the orchestra was acknowledged, though his tempi were frequently criticized as too fast. As the daily routine did not leave sufficient time for his own creative work, Weber did not seek to extend his two-year appointment.{{citation needed|date=August 2020}}

After an interlude at the court of [[Duke Eugen of Württemberg (1788–1857)|Duke Eugen of Württemberg]], who resided in [[Province of Lower Silesia|Silesia]], Weber served from 1807 to 1810 in [[Stuttgart]] as private secretary to [[Duke Louis of Württemberg|Duke Ludwig]], brother of [[Frederick I of Württemberg|King Frederick I of Württemberg]]. Weber's time in [[Württemberg]] was plagued with troubles. He fell deeply into debt and became entangled in the financial manipulations of his employer, e.g. the sale of confirmations of ducal service which exempted the purchaser from military service. Weber was arrested and charged with [[embezzlement]] and bribery. As he could disprove the allegations, the case was brought under civil law to avoid compromising the ''de facto'' manipulator, the brother of the king. Weber agreed to pay the costs (the last payment was made in 1816) and was banished from Württemberg together with his father.{{sfn|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe – Biographie}}

As a sobering side effect, Weber started to keep a diary to list his expenses and correspondence, and make occasional comments on special events.{{Citation needed|date=August 2020}}

Weber remained prolific as a composer during this period, writing a quantity of [[religious music]], mainly for the Catholic [[mass (liturgy)|mass]]. This, however, earned him the hostility of conservatives working for the re-establishment of traditional chant in [[liturgy]]. In his biography of Weber, [[John Warrack|Warrack]] notes that Weber was an accomplished guitarist.{{sfn|von Weber|1865|pages=1:52, 62, 94, 137, 143, 152, 177, 211, 244, 271, 278}}{{sfn|Warrack|1976|pp=67, 94, 107, 141}} It was in this year that his first song with guitar accompaniment, "Liebeszauber", was printed. Some of his most original and innovative songs were written during the following years, including "Er an Sie" (1808) and "Was zieht zu deinem Zauberkreise" (1809).

===Later career 1810–1826===
In 1810, Weber visited several cities throughout Germany; 1811 was a pivotal year in his career when he met and worked with the Munich court clarinetist Heinrich Baermann and composed the [[Concertino for Clarinet (Weber)|Concertino in E{{Flat}} Major, Op. 26, J. 109]], and the two concerti [[Clarinet Concerto No. 1 (Weber)|J. 114]] and [[Clarinet Concerto No. 2 (Weber)|J. 118]] for him; from December 1811 through March 1812, Weber went on tour with Baermann playing the clarinet works, and it was some of the final concerts on this tour that changed public, critical, and royal opinions of Weber's work, and helped him to mount a successful performance of [[Silvana (opera)|''Silvana'']] in Berlin later that year.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Clarinet Virtuosi of the past|last=Weston|first=Pamela|publisher=Emerson Edition|year=1971|isbn=978-0-9506209-8-5|location=Great Britain|pages=124}}</ref>{{sfn|Warrack|1976|pages=138–139}} 
[[File:Carlmariavonwebermuseum dresden2.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Weber's summer home (1818–1824) near Dresden; the [[Carl Maria von Weber Museum]]]]
From 1813 to 1816, he was director of the Opera in Prague; from 1816 to 1817 he worked in Berlin, and from 1817 onwards he was director of the prestigious [[Semperoper|Opera in Dresden]], working hard to establish a [[Opera in German|German opera]], in reaction to the [[Italian opera]] which had dominated the European music scene since the 18th century. He was inspired in this endeavour by the ideals of the ''[[Sturm und Drang (music)|Sturm und Drang]]'' period, and also by the German folk song collection "[[Des Knaben Wunderhorn]]" by [[Achim von Arnim|Arnim]] and [[Clemens Brentano|Brentano]]. It was in 1816 that he wrote the Duet Op. 38 for guitar and piano, possibly inspired by similar works printed in Vienna by such composers as [[Johann Nepomuk Hummel|Hummel]] and [[Anton Diabelli|Diabelli]]. On 4 November 1817, he married {{Ill|Caroline Brandt|de}}, a singer who created the title role of ''Silvana''.<ref name="oldandsold.com">[http://music.yodelout.com/carl-maria-von-weber-masters-of-music/ "Carl Maria {{sic|Von|hide=yes|expected=von}} Weber"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207000841/http://music.yodelout.com/carl-maria-von-weber-masters-of-music/ |date=7 December 2022 }}, yodelout.com</ref> In 1819, he wrote perhaps his most famous piano piece, ''[[Invitation to the Dance (Weber)|Invitation to the Dance]]''.

[[File:Ferdinand Schimon Carl Maria von Weber.tif|thumb|220px| Carl Maria von Weber (1825) Portrait by {{ill|Ferdinand Schimon|de}}, Dresden, Städtische Galerie]]

The successful premiere of ''[[Der Freischütz]]'' on 18 June 1821 in Berlin led to performances all over Europe. On the very morning of the premiere, Weber finished his ''[[Konzertstück in F minor (Weber)|Konzertstück in F minor for Piano and Orchestra]]'', and he premiered it a week later.

In 1823, Weber composed his first (and only) full-length, [[Through-composed music|through-composed]] opera ''[[Euryanthe]]'' to a [[libretto]] by [[Helmina von Chézy]], several passages of which (notably the music for the villainous couple Lysiart and Eglantine) anticipate the early, romantic operas of [[Richard Wagner]].{{according to whom|date=July 2019}} In 1824, Weber received an invitation from [[The Royal Opera]], London, to compose and produce ''[[Oberon (Weber)|Oberon]]'', based on [[Christoph Martin Wieland]]'s [[Oberon (poem)|poem of the same name]]. Weber accepted the invitation, and in 1826 he travelled to England, to finish the work and conduct the premiere on 12 April.

Weber was already suffering from tuberculosis when he visited London. He conducted the premiere and twelve sold-out performances of ''Oberon'' in London during April and in May, and despite his rapidly worsening health, he continued to fulfil commitments for private concerts and benefits.

He died in his sleep during the night on 5 June 1826 at the home of his good friend and host [[George Thomas Smart|Sir George Smart]]; he was 39 years old.{{sfn|Brown|2002a}}{{sfn|Warrack|1976|pages=356–362}} He was buried in London in the vaults beneath the Catholic Chapel at [[St Mary Moorfields|Moorfields]], on 21 June 1826. Amongst the chief mourners were many notable musicians and theatre actors of the day including: [[Anton Bernhard Fürstenau|Anton Furstenau]] who had accompanied Weber to London, [[Ignaz Moscheles]], [[Christian Kramer]], [[Charles Kemble]], [[John Duruset]], [[Johann Andreas Stumpff|Johann Stumpff]] and [[James Planché]].<ref>{{cite news |date=26 June 1826 |title= Funeral of M. Von Weber |work= Bell's Weekly Messenger |page=4}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=24 June 1826 |title= Funeral of the Baron Von Weber |work= Caledonian Mercury |page=2 }}</ref>

Eighteen years later, in December 1844, his remains were transferred to the family burial plot in the [[Old Catholic Cemetery, Dresden|Old Catholic Cemetery]] in [[Dresden]] at the side of his youngest son Alexander, who at the age of 19 had died of measles seven weeks before. The simple gravestone, designed by [[Gottfried Semper]], lies against the northern boundary wall. Wagner composed a eulogy "An Weber's Grabe" WWV 72 for the reburial.<ref>[[Simon Callow]], ''Being Wagner: The Triumph of the Will'', p. 60</ref> The piece for male choir [[a cappella]] was premiered on 16 December 1844 in Dresden.<ref>"An Weber's Grabe" WWV 72</ref> For this occasion Wagner also composed Funeral Music for Winds after Themes from "Euryanthe" of Weber, WWV 73.

Weber's unfinished [[comic opera]] ''[[Die drei Pintos]]'' (''The Three Pintos'') was originally given by his widow to [[Meyerbeer]] for completion; it was eventually completed by [[Gustav Mahler]], who conducted the first performance in Leipzig on 20 January 1888.

==Legacy==
Weber's operas ''Der Freischütz'', ''Euryanthe'', and ''Oberon'' greatly influenced the development of the ''[[Romantische Oper]]'' (Romantic opera) in Germany.{{sfn|Brown|2002a}} ''Der Freischütz'' came to be regarded as the first German opera,{{sfn|Brown|2002f}} ''Euryanthe'' developed the ''[[leitmotif]]'' technique to an unprecedented degree, while ''Oberon'' may have influenced Mendelssohn's music for ''[[A Midsummer Night's Dream (Mendelssohn)|A Midsummer Night's Dream]]'' and, at the same time, revealed Weber's lifelong interest in the music of non-Western cultures. This interest was first manifested in Weber's [[incidental music]] for [[Friedrich Schiller|Schiller]]'s translation of [[Carlo Gozzi|Gozzi]]'s ''[[Turandot (Gozzi)|Turandot]]'', for which he used a Chinese melody, making him the first Western composer to use an Asian tune that was not of the [[Orientalism|pseudo-Turkish]] kind popularized by Mozart and others.

[[File:The grave of Carl Maria von Weber, Old Catholic Cemetery, Dresden.jpg|thumb|left|200px|upright|Weber's grave in the {{Ill|Old Catholic Cemetery, Dresden|lt=Old Catholic Cemetery|de|Alter Katholischer Friedhof|WD=}} in Dresden]]
Weber's compositions for clarinet, bassoon, and [[Horn (instrument)|horn]] occupy an important place in the musical repertoire. His compositions for the clarinet, which include two concertos, a [[Concertino (composition)|concertino]], a [[quintet]], a duo concertante, and variations on a theme from his opera ''Silvana'', are regularly performed today. His [[Concertino for Horn and Orchestra (Weber)|Concertino for Horn and Orchestra]] requires the performer to simultaneously produce two notes by humming while playing—a technique known as "[[multiphonic]]s". His [[bassoon concerto]] and the ''Andante e Rondo ungarese'' (a reworking of a piece originally for viola and orchestra) are also popular with bassoonists.

Weber's contribution to [[Vocal music|vocal]] and [[Choral Music|choral music]] is also significant. His body of Catholic religious music was highly popular in 19th-century Germany, and he composed one of the earliest [[song cycle]]s, ''Die Temperamente beim Verluste der Geliebten'' (''[Four] Temperaments on the Loss of a Lover''). Weber was also notable as one of the first conductors to conduct without a piano or violin.

Weber's orchestration has also been highly praised and emulated by later generations of composers—[[Hector Berlioz|Berlioz]] referred to him several times in his ''[[Treatise on Instrumentation]]'' while [[Claude Debussy|Debussy]] remarked that the sound of the Weber orchestra was obtained through the scrutiny of the soul of each instrument.

His operas influenced the work of later opera composers, especially in Germany, such as Marschner,{{sfn|Warrack|1976|p=298}} Meyerbeer, and Wagner,{{sfn|Morgan|2017|p=xiii}} as well as several [[Musical nationalism|nationalist]] 19th-century composers such as [[Mikhail Glinka|Glinka]]. Homage has been paid to Weber by many 20th-century composers, such as Debussy and [[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]]. Mahler completed Weber's unfinished comic opera ''Die drei Pintos'' and made revisions of ''Euryanthe'' and ''Oberon'' while [[Paul Hindemith|Hindemith]] composed the popular ''[[Symphonic Metamorphosis of Themes by Carl Maria von Weber]]'', based on Weber's lesser-known keyboard works and the incidental music to ''Turandot''.

Weber also wrote [[music journalism]] and was interested in [[folksong]], and learned lithography to engrave his own works.

{{external media|float=right|width=170px|audio1=You may hear Weber's opera ''Oberon'' [https://archive.org/details/lp_oberon_carl-maria-von-weber/disc1/01.01.+Act+1+(Beginning).mp3 '''Here on Archive.org''']|audio2=You may hear Weber's "Invitation to the Dance" as orchestrated by [[Hector Berlioz]] and performed in 1963<br> [https://archive.org/details/lp_invitation-to-the-dance_carl-maria-von-weber-charles-gounod-pyotr/disc1/01.01.+Invitation+To+The+Dance.mp3 '''Here on Archive.org''']}}

A virtuoso pianist himself,{{#tag:ref|Sources that note Weber's virtuosity as a pianist include:<br/>{{harvnb|Brown|2002a}}: "Johann Peter Heuschkel... laid the foundations of Weber’s pianistic virtuosity"<br/>{{harvnb|Morgan|2017|p=xiii}}: "he was also many other things, including... virtuoso pianist"<br/>{{harvnb|Warrack|1976|p=123}}: "a touring virtuoso..."|group=n}} Weber composed four [[Piano sonata|sonatas]], two concertos, and the ''Konzertstück in F minor'' (''Concert Piece''), which inspired composers such as Chopin, Liszt, and Mendelssohn.{{sfn|Morgan|2017|p=xiv}} The ''{{Lang|de|Konzertstück}}'' provided a new model for the one-movement concerto in several contrasting sections (such as Liszt's, who often played the work), and was acknowledged by Stravinsky as the model for his ''[[Capriccio for Piano and Orchestra]]''. Weber's shorter piano pieces, such as the ''Invitation to the Dance'', were later [[Orchestration|orchestrated]] by Berlioz, while his ''Polacca Brillante'' was later set for piano and orchestra by Liszt. However, Weber's piano music all but disappeared from the repertoire. There are several recordings of the major works for the solo piano, including complete recordings of the piano sonatas and the shorter piano pieces, and there are recordings of the individual sonatas by [[Claudio Arrau]] (1st sonata), [[Alfred Cortot]] and [[Emil Gilels]] (2nd sonata), [[Sviatoslav Richter]] (3rd sonata), and [[Leon Fleisher]] (4th sonata). The ''Invitation to the Dance'', although better known in Berlioz's orchestration (as part of the ballet music for a Paris production of ''Der Freischütz''), has long been played and recorded by pianists (e.g., by [[Benno Moiseiwitsch]] [in [[Carl Tausig]]'s arrangement]). ''Invitation to the Dance'' also served as the thematic basis for [[Benny Goodman]]'s [[Swing music|swing]] theme song for the radio program ''[[Let's Dance (radio)|Let's Dance]]''.

==Works==
{{Listen|type=music|filename=Carl Maria von Weber - der freischutz, j. 277 - overture.ogg|title=''Der Freischütz'' – Overture|description=Skidmore College Orchestra
}}
{{Listen||type=music|header=Grand Duo Concertant for clarinet and piano|help=no
|filename=Weber - Grand Duo Concertant for clarinet and piano - 1. Allegro con fuoco.ogg|title=1. Allegro con fuoco
|filename2=Weber - Grand Duo Concertant for clarinet and piano - 2. Andante con moto.ogg|title2=2. Andante con moto
|filename3=Weber - Grand Duo Concertant for clarinet and piano - 3. Allegro.ogg|title3=3. Allegro|description3=Performed by [[William McColl (clarinetist)|William McColl]] (clarinet) and Joseph Levine (piano)}}
{{for|a complete lists of Weber's works in order of opus number and Jähns catalogue number|List of compositions by Carl Maria von Weber}}
{{for|a detailed list of his operas|List of operas by Carl Maria von Weber}}

==Notes and references==

=== Notes ===
{{Reflist|group=n}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==

=== Books ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book |last=Morgan |first=Joseph E. |year=2017 |title=Experiencing Carl Maria Von Weber: A Listener's Companion |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]] | location=Lanham, Maryland |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=pKmSDgAAQBAJ}} |isbn=978-1-4422-5557-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=von Weber |first=Max Maria |author-link=Max Maria von Weber |year=1864 |title=Carl Maria von Weber – Ein Lebensbild |publisher=[[Ernst Keil]] |location=Leipzig |language=de |url=https://archive.org/details/carlmariavonweb02webegoog/page/n9/mode/2up }}
* {{cite book |last=von Weber |first=Max Maria |author-link=Max Maria von Weber |year=1865 |title=Carl Maria von Weber: The Life of an Artist |translator-last=Simpson |translator-first=John |translator-link=John Palgrave Simpson |publisher=[[Chapman & Hall]] |location=London }} Two volumes.
* {{cite book |last=Warrack |first=John |author-link=John Warrack |year=1976 |title=Carl Maria Von Weber |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] | location=Cambridge, England |url={{google books|plainurl=y|id=bp08AAAAIAAJ}} |isbn=978-0-521-29121-7 }}
{{refend}}

=== Articles ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Brown |first=Clive |year=2002a |orig-year=1992 |encyclopedia=[[Grove Music Online]] |title=Weber, Carl Maria (Friedrich Ernst) von |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O004022 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000004022 }} {{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Brown |first=Clive |year=2002f |orig-year=1992 |encyclopedia=[[Grove Music Online]] |title=Freischütz, Der |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O007222 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000007222 }} {{ODNBsub}}
{{refend}}

=== Web ===
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite web |title=Carl Maria von Weber – Biographie |website=[[Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe]] |publisher=Schott Music |location=Mainz, Germany |language=de |url=https://weber-gesamtausgabe.de/de/A002068/Biographie.html |ref={{sfnRef|Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Gesamtausgabe – Biographie}} }}
{{refend}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* [[Berlioz, Hector]] ''Mozart, Weber and Wagner'', translated by Edwin Evans. First published 1918, reprinted 1969. William Reeves, {{ISBN|978-1-4446-0914-1}}.
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Brown |first=Clive |year=2002b |orig-year=1992 |encyclopedia=[[Grove Music Online]] |title=Drei Pintos, Die |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O004022 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000004089 }} {{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Brown |first=Clive |year=2002c |orig-year=1992 |encyclopedia=[[Grove Music Online]] |title=Peter Schmoll und seine Nachbarn |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O903874 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000903874 }} {{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Brown |first=Clive |year=2002d |orig-year=1992 |encyclopedia=[[Grove Music Online]] |title=Silvana |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O010005 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000010005 }} {{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite encyclopedia |last=Brown |first=Clive |year=2002e |orig-year=1992 |encyclopedia=[[Grove Music Online]] |title=Abu Hassan |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |location=Oxford, England |doi=10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.O900022 |isbn=978-1-56159-263-0 |url-access=subscription |url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-5000900022 }} {{ODNBsub}}
* Friese-Greene, Anthony (1993) '' Weber'', The Illustrated Lives of the Great Composers, new ed., London: Omnibus, {{ISBN|978-0-7119-2081-1}}
* Henderson, Donald G., and Alice H. Henderson (1990) ''Carl Maria von Weber: A Guide to Research'', Garland Composer Resource Manuals 24, New York; London: Garland, {{ISBN|978-0-8240-4118-2}}.
* Meyer, Stephen C. (2003) ''Carl Maria Von Weber and the Search for a German Opera'', Bloomington and London: Indiana University Press, {{ISBN|978-0-253-34185-3}}.
* {{Cite journal
| issn = 2254-3643
| date= 2014
| volume = 15
| issue = January
| last = Morgan
| first = Joseph E.
| title = Nature, Weber and a Revision of the French Sublime
| journal = Síneris. Revista de Musicología
| url = http://www.sineris.es/weber.pdf|ref=none
}}
* Reynolds, David (ed.) (1976) ''Weber in London, 1826'', London: Wolff, {{ISBN|978-0-85496-403-1}}.
* Warrack, John H., Hugh Macdonald, and Karl-Heinz Köhler (1985) ''The New Grove Early Romantic Masters 2: Weber, Berlioz, Mendelssohn'', The Composer Biography Series, London: Macmillan, {{ISBN|978-0-333-39014-6}}.
* Weber, Carl M. von, posthumously edited by Winkler, Karl Gottfried Theodor (using pseud. "Theodor Hell") (published 1828–1850?). '{{Google books|id=3-osAAAAYAAJ|title=Hinterlassene Schriften}}' in 3 volumes with worklist, chronology, work incipits, and correspondence.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Library resources box |about=yes |by=no }}

* Biography and catalogue of Weber's works at the [https://www.weber-gesamtausgabe.de/de/Index Weber Gesamtausgabe]
* {{correspSearch}}

:'''Scores'''
* {{IMSLP|id=Weber, Carl Maria von|cname=Carl Maria von Weber}}
* {{ChoralWiki}}

:'''Recordings'''
* [http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?query_type=keyword&query=Carl+Maria+von+Weber&nq=1 Carl Maria von Weber cylinder recordings], from the [[UCSB Cylinder Audio Archive]] at the [[University of California, Santa Barbara]] Library.
* [https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102543 Carl Maria von Weber recordings] at the [[Discography of American Historical Recordings]].

{{Carl Maria von Weber}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Weber, Carl Maria Von}}
[[Category:Carl Maria von Weber| ]]
[[Category:1786 births]]
[[Category:1826 deaths]]
[[Category:Burials at Old Catholic Cemetery, Dresden]]
[[Category:19th-century German classical composers]]
[[Category:19th-century German classical pianists]]
[[Category:19th-century deaths from tuberculosis]]
[[Category:19th-century German male musicians]]
[[Category:Catholic liturgical composers]]
[[Category:German classical composers of church music]]
[[Category:German classical guitarists]]
[[Category:German male pianists]]
[[Category:German opera composers]]
[[Category:German Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:German Romantic composers]]
[[Category:Honorary members of the Royal Philharmonic Society]]
[[Category:Tuberculosis deaths in England]]
[[Category:German male classical pianists]]
[[Category:German male guitarists]]
[[Category:German male opera composers]]
[[Category:People from Eutin]]
[[Category:19th-century guitarists]]
[[Category:Weber family|Carl Maria]]
[[Category:Chief conductors of the Staatskapelle Dresden]]
[[Category:Composers for piano]]
[[Category:Composers for clarinet]]
[[Category:Composers for bassoon]]