Editing Caransebeș

{{Infobox Romanian subdivision
|type               = municipality
|county             = Caraș-Severin
|name               = Caransebeș
|image_shield       = ROU CS Caransebes CoA.jpg
|image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| border             = infobox
| total_width        = 300
| image_style        = infobox
| perrow             = 1/2/1
| caption_align      = center
| image1             = Caransebeș,_Primăria.jpg
| caption1           = Caransebeș City Hall
| image2             = Caransebeș,_biserica_romano-catolică.jpg
| caption2           = Roman Catholic Church
| image3             = Poștă_-_municipiul_Caransebeș.jpg
| caption3           = Caransebeș post office
| image4             = Caransebes1.JPG
| caption4           = The pedestrian center
}}
|image_caption      = 
|image_map          = Caransebes jud Caras-Severin.png
|map_caption        = Location in Caraș-Severin County
|leader_name        = Felix Borcean<ref>{{cite web |url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/romania-pv-final |title=Results of the 2020 local elections |publisher=Central Electoral Bureau |access-date=8 June 2021 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|leader_party       = Independent
|term               = 2020&ndash;2024
|coordinates        = {{coord|45|25|17|N|22|13|19|E|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
|elevation          = 
|elevation_min      = 
|elevation_max      = 
|area_total         = 70.08
|population_as_of   = 
|population_total   = auto
|population_footnotes = 
|postal_code        = 325400
|area_code          = (+40) 02 55
|website            = {{URL|http://www.primaria-caransebes.ro}}
}}

'''Caransebeș''' ({{IPA|ro|karanˈsebeʃ|-|Ro-Caransebeș.ogg}}; {{langx|de|Karansebesch}}; {{langx|hu|Karánsebes}}, <small>Hungarian pronunciation</small>: {{convertIPA-hu|’|k|a|r|á|n|s|e|b|e|s}}) is a [[municipiu|city]] in [[Caraș-Severin County]], part of the [[Banat]] region in southwestern [[Romania]]. One village, Jupa ({{langx|hu|Zsuppa}}), is administered by the city.

The city is located at the confluence of the [[Timiș (river)|Timiș River]] with the [[Sebeș (Timiș)|Sebeș River]], the latter flowing from the [[Țarcu Mountains]]. To the west, it is in direct contact with the Banat Hills. It is an important railroad node, being located approximately 40&nbsp;km from the county seat, [[Reșița]], 21&nbsp;km from [[Oțelu Roșu]], 70&nbsp;km from [[Hațeg]], and about 25&nbsp;km from the Muntele Mic ski resort, in the Țarcu Mountains.

==Climate==
Caransebeș has an [[oceanic climate]] (''Cfb'' in the [[Köppen climate classification]]), with an average of {{convert|0|–|15|C}}, but summers can be warm, with an average of {{convert|20|–|24|C}}. Rainfall can be quite abundant throughout the year.

{{Weather box
 | width       = auto
 | collapsed   = yes
 | metric first = yes
 | single line = yes
 | location    = Caransebeș (1991–2020, extremes since 1991)
 | Jan record high C = 20.7
 | Feb record high C = 21.9
 | Mar record high C = 27.2
 | Apr record high C = 31.3
 | May record high C = 32.8
 | Jun record high C = 36.4
 | Jul record high C = 40.3
 | Aug record high C = 39.4
 | Sep record high C = 38.6
 | Oct record high C = 32.1
 | Nov record high C = 26.4
 | Dec record high C = 19.1
 | year record high C = 40.3

 | Jan high C = 4.1
 | Feb high C = 6.6
 | Mar high C = 11.9
 | Apr high C = 17.8
 | May high C = 22.4
 | Jun high C = 26.0
 | Jul high C = 28.2
 | Aug high C = 28.6
 | Sep high C = 23.0
 | Oct high C = 17.7
 | Nov high C = 11.3
 | Dec high C = 5.1
 | year high C = 16.9

 | Jan mean C = 0.1
 | Feb mean C = 1.7
 | Mar mean C = 6.0
 | Apr mean C = 11.5
 | May mean C = 16.0
 | Jun mean C = 19.6
 | Jul mean C = 21.3
 | Aug mean C = 21.2
 | Sep mean C = 16.1
 | Oct mean C = 11.3
 | Nov mean C = 6.6
 | Dec mean C = 1.5
 | year mean C = 11.1

 | Jan low C = -3.0
 | Feb low C = -1.7
 | Mar low C = 1.6
 | Apr low C = 6.3
 | May low C = 10.3
 | Jun low C = 13.5
 | Jul low C = 14.9
 | Aug low C = 15.1
 | Sep low C = 11.2
 | Oct low C = 7.1
 | Nov low C = 3.3
 | Dec low C = -1.4
 | year low C = 6.4

 | Jan record low C = -19.4
 | Feb record low C = -21
 | Mar record low C = -9.1
 | Apr record low C = -4.4
 | May record low C = 0.8
 | Jun record low C = 5
 | Jul record low C = 6
 | Aug record low C = -1.4
 | Sep record low C = -7
 | Oct record low C = -10
 | Nov record low C = -18.6
 | Dec record low C = -22
 | year record low C = -22

 | precipitation colour = green
 | Jan precipitation mm = 44.5
 | Feb precipitation mm = 42.5
 | Mar precipitation mm = 46.4
 | Apr precipitation mm = 68.7
 | May precipitation mm = 87.5
 | Jun precipitation mm = 104.3
 | Jul precipitation mm = 86.1
 | Aug precipitation mm = 73.5
 | Sep precipitation mm = 69.0
 | Oct precipitation mm = 59.2
 | Nov precipitation mm = 47.6
 | Dec precipitation mm = 50.6
 | year precipitation mm = 779.9

 | unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
 | Jan precipitation days = 8.8
 | Feb precipitation days = 7.9
 | Mar precipitation days = 8.0
 | Apr precipitation days = 9.1
 | May precipitation days = 11.4
 | Jun precipitation days = 10.7
 | Jul precipitation days = 9.1
 | Aug precipitation days = 6.7
 | Sep precipitation days = 7.9
 | Oct precipitation days = 7.0
 | Nov precipitation days = 7.7
 | Dec precipitation days = 8.3
 | year precipitation days = 102.6
| Jan snow days  =9.3
| Feb snow days  =7
| Mar snow days  =2.9
| Apr snow days  =0.5
| May snow days  =0
| Jun snow days  =0
| Jul snow days  =0
| Aug snow days  =0
| Sep snow days  =0
| Oct snow days  =0.1
| Nov snow days  =1.8
| Dec snow days  =5.7
| year snow days =

 | Jan sun = 73.0
 | Feb sun = 95.0
 | Mar sun = 141.2
 | Apr sun = 180.5
 | May sun = 215.3
 | Jun sun = 236.7
 | Jul sun = 267.7
 | Aug sun = 267.4
 | Sep sun = 178.9
 | Oct sun = 154.5
 | Nov sun = 99.5
 | Dec sun = 60.4
 | year sun = 1970.1

 | source 1 = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|NOAA]]<ref name="WMONormals">{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Romania/CSV/Caransebes_15292.csv
|title = World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020 — Caransebeș
|publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
|access-date = January 11, 2024}}</ref>
 | source 2 =<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.meteomanz.com/sy3?l=1&cou=6240&ind=15292&m1=01&y1=2000&m2=07&y2=2024 |title=CARANSEBES - Weather data by months |access-date=6 July 2024 |website=meteomanz}}</ref> |date = January 2024
}}

== History ==
[[File:Banat Josephinische Landaufnahme pg134.jpg|thumb|Caransebeș on a map from the 1769-72 survey of the [[Banat of Temeswar]] ([[Josephinian Land Survey]])]]
The first traces of habitation here might date as far as Dacian times. Dacian ruins have been discovered recently near [[Obreja]], a village 7&nbsp;km away. As the [[Ancient Rome|Romans]] invaded [[Dacia]], they built a [[castrum]] named [[Tibiscum]], which was dug up by archaeologists near the nearby village of Jupa, a castrum which later grew to be a full city. Tibiscum is considered one of the gates of [[Christianity]] in Dacia, having an important role also in the [[Roman culture|Romanization]] of the local people.

During the [[Middle Ages]] the area, which remained continuously inhabited, became part of the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1000–1301)|Hungarian Kingdom]]. In 1350 it was recorded as the seat of the [[Romanian district]] of Sebeș, which later absorbed the district of Caran, forming the district of Caransebeș.<ref>{{Cite book |author=Raularian Rusu|title=Organizarea spațiului geografic în Banat|year=2007|page=138|publisher=Mirton|isbn=978-97-35-20201-9|language=ro|url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Organizarea_spa%C5%A3iului_geografic_%C3%AEn_Ban/yUbT_4Dn46QC?hl=en&gbpv=1&pg=PA138&printsec=frontcover|access-date=31 March 2025}}</ref> In the 16th century it became part of the [[Eastern Hungarian Kingdom]] and its successor the [[Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)|Principality of Transylvania]], acting as one of the centres of the [[Banate of Lugos and Karánsebes]]. In the 17th century it was ceded to the [[Ottoman Empire]], becoming part of the [[Temeşvar Eyalet]]. In 1718, after [[Ottoman–Habsburg wars|prolonged wars against the Ottomans]], the [[Habsburg Monarchy|Habsburgs]] took the control of the region by the [[Treaty of Passarowitz]]. It formed part of the [[Banat of Temeswar]] crownland until 1751, when it became part of the [[Banat Military Frontier]]. In 1788 a self-inflicted defeat, the [[Battle of Karánsebes|Battle of Caransebeș]], is supposed (the historical accuracy is in doubt) to have taken place here. In 1804 the formally separate Habsburg realms were united into the [[Austrian Empire]]. Following the [[Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867]] the demilitarisation of the Military Frontier began; Caransebeș became the seat of the short-lived [[Szörény County]] of [[Kingdom of Hungary (1867–1918)|Hungary]] in 1873, which was then merged with [[Krassó County]] in 1881 to form [[Krassó-Szörény County]].

After railroads began to appear, the role of Caransebeș grew continuously. In the late 19th century, the Romanian people of the settlement elected to the Parliament of Hungary the Hungarian Lajos Mocsáry, who was a progressive democratic politician fighting for the cultural and administrative rights of all nationalities (including the Romanians) living in the Hungarian Kingdom of that time.

In late October 1918, near the close of [[World War I]], a Romanian National Committee was established in Caransebeș. It formed the core of the largest Banat delegation to [[Alba Iulia]], where the [[Union of Transylvania with Romania]] was proclaimed on December 1. Meanwhile, the entire Banat was occupied by the [[Serbian Army]] following the [[Armistice of Belgrade]]. The Serbs withdrew from the Caransebeș area in January 1919, and were replaced by the French Army. Romania began administering the Banat in late July, with troops moving in during the following weeks. In August 1919, during the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]], the Banat was divided between the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]] and [[Greater Romania]], with Caransebeș assigned to the latter.<ref name="ist">{{in lang|ro}} [http://www.primaria-caransebes.ro/portal/CarasSeverin/Caransebes/portal.nsf/AllByUNID/000015BA?OpenDocument History] at the Caransebeș City Hall site</ref>

After the rise of the [[Communist Romania|communist regime]] in 1947, [[Caransebeș Airport|an airport]] and an airbase were built close to the city. However, the airport did not remain operational for long after the [[Romanian Revolution|1989 Revolution]].

==Education==
The city's two leading high schools are the [[C. D. Loga National College (Caransebeș)|C. D. Loga National College]] and the [[Traian Doda National College]].

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|source = Census data
|1912 |7999
|1930 |8704
|1948 |10106
|1956 |15195
|1966 |18194
|1977 |27190
|1992 |31985
|2002 |31199
|2011 |21932
|2021 |21714
}}

At the [[2021 Romanian census]], Caransebeș had a population of 21,714.<ref name="RPL2021">{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/Tabel-1.03_1.3.1-si-1.03.2.xls|title=Populația rezidentă după grupa de vârstă, pe județe și municipii, orașe, comune, la 1 decembrie 2021|publisher=[[National Institute of Statistics (Romania)|INSSE]]|language=ro|date=31 May 2023}}</ref> At the [[2011 Romanian census|previous census]], from 2011, the city had a population of 21,932, mainly [[Romanians]] (93.48%), with [[Ukrainians of Romania|Ukrainians]] (1.56%), [[Germans of Romania|German]] (1.17%), and [[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarian]] (0.78%) minorities present, but in decline.

== Notable people ==
* [[Dan Alexa]] (born 1979), football player
* [[Lucian Buzan]] (born 1999), football player
* [[Nicolae Corneanu]] (1923–2014), [[Romanian Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[metropolitan bishop]]
* [[Corneliu Dragalina]] (1887–1949), [[World War II]] lieutenant general
* [[Ion Dragalina]] (1860–1916), [[World War I]] general, commander of the [[First Army (Romania)|Romanian First Army]]
* [[René Fülöp-Miller]] (1891–1963), Austrian cultural historian and writer
* [[Sorin Grindeanu]] (born 1973), politician, [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (2017)
* [[Emanoil Ionescu]] (1887–1949), World War II squadron general, commander of the 1st Air Corps
* [[Damian Isac]] (born 2001), football player
* [[Gustav Jaumann]] (1863–1924), Austrian physicist (1863–1924)
* [[Wilhelm Klein]] (1850–1924), Hungarian-Austrian archaeologist
* [[Patricia Maria Țig]] (born 1994), tennis player

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Literature==
* {{Cite journal|last=Magina|first=Adrian|title=At the Border of Transylvania: the County of Severin/the District of Caransebeș in the 16th-17th Centuries|journal=Transylvanian Review: Supplement|year=2013|volume=22|issue=4|pages=295-306|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240523091841/https://dspace.bcucluj.ro/bitstream/123456789/193752/1/Magina-Adrian_At-the-Border-of-Transyvania.pdf}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Caransebeș}}
* {{in lang|ro}} [http://primaria-caransebes.ro Official Website of the Caransebeș City Hall]
* {{in lang|ro}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20080115080254/http://www.caransebes.ro/ Unofficial website about Caransebeș]
* {{in lang|ro}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20131207090315/http://www.banaterra.eu/romana/toponimii/c/caransebes/index.htm Banaterra - Information about the Caransebeș Region]

{{Caraș-Severin County}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caransebes}}
[[Category:Populated places in Caraș-Severin County]]
[[Category:Cities in Romania]]
[[Category:Mining communities in Romania]]
[[Category:Localities in Romanian Banat]]
[[Category:Caransebeș| ]]