Editing Caraș-Severin County

{{Short description|County of Romania}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Caraș-Severin County
| native_name        = Județul Caraș-Severin
| settlement_type    = [[Counties of Romania|County]]
| image_skyline      = Jud Caraş-Severin.jpg
| image_caption      = 
| image_flag         = 
| flag_link          = 
| image_shield       = Actual Caraș-Severin county CoA.png
| shield_link        = 
| image_map          = Caras-Severin in Romania.svg
| map_caption        = Caraș-Severin county, territorial location
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{ROU}}
| subdivision_type1  = Development region<sup>1</sup>
| subdivision_name1  = [[Vest (development region)|Vest]]
| subdivision_type2  = Historic region
| subdivision_name2  = [[Banat]]
| subdivision_type3  = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'')
| subdivision_name3  = [[Reșița]]
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = County Council
| leader_title       = President of the County Council
| leader_name        = {{ill|Romeo-Dan Dunca|ro}}
| leader_party       = [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|PNL]]
| leader_title1      = Prefect<sup>2</sup>
| leader_name1       = [[Ioan Dragomir]]
| established_title  = 
| established_date   = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| area_total_km2     = 8514
| area_rank          = [[List of Romanian counties by area|3rd in Romania]]
| area_land_km2      = 
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_total_sq_mi   = 
| area_land_sq_mi    = 
| area_water_sq_mi   = 
| area_water_percent = 
| area_urban_km2     = 
| area_urban_sq_mi   = 
| area_metro_km2     = 
| area_metro_sq_mi   = 
| elevation_footnotes = 
| elevation_m        = 
| elevation_ft       = 
| coordinates        = {{coord|45.15|22.07|region:RO|display=inline,title}}
| population_total   = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of   = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes = {{Romania metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
| population_rank    = [[List of Romanian counties by population|32nd in Romania]]
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_sq_mi = 
| population_metro   = 
| population_density_metro_km2 = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi = 
| population_urban   = 
| population_density_urban_km2 = 
| population_density_urban_sq_mi = 
| population_note    = 
| timezone           = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
| utc_offset         = +2
| timezone_DST       = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
| utc_offset_DST     = +3
| postal_code_type   = [[List of postal codes in Romania|Postal Code]]
| postal_code        = 32wxyz<sup>3</sup>
| area_code          = [[Romania telephone area codes|+40 x55]]<sup>4</sup>
| blank_name         = [[Romanian car number plates|Car Plates]]
| blank_info         = CS<sup>5</sup>
| blank1_name        = GDP
| blank1_info        = US$4.100&nbsp;billion (''2025'')
| blank2_name        = GDP [[per capita]]
| blank2_info        = US$16,626 (''2025'')
| footnotes          = <sup>1</sup>The development regions of [[Romania]] have no administrative role. They were formed to correspond to [[NUTS-II]] level subdivisions of the [[European Union]] member states and are the basis for development funding under the cohesion and convergence objectives of the [[Regional policy of the European Union|EU's regional policy]]<br /><sup>2</sup> as of 2007, the Prefect is not a politician, but a public functionary. He (or she) is not allowed to be a member of a political party, and is banned from any political activity in the first six months after resignation (or exclusion) from the public functionary corps<br /><sup>3</sup>w, x, y, and z are digits that indicate the city, the street, part of the street, or even the building of the address<br /><sup>4</sup>x is a digit indicating the operator: 2 for the former national operator, [[Romtelecom]], and 3 for the other ground telephone networks<br /><sup>5</sup>used on both the plates of the vehicles that operate only in the county limits (like utility vehicles, [[All-terrain vehicle|ATVs]], etc.), and the ones used outside the county
| website            = [http://www.cjcs.ro/ County Council]<br />[https://cs.prefectura.mai.gov.ro/ County Prefecture]
}}

'''Caraș-Severin''' ({{IPA|ro|ˈkaraʃ seveˈrin|-|Ro-Caraș-Severin.ogg}}) is a county ([[județ]]) of [[Romania]] on the border with [[Serbia]]. The majority of its territory lies within the [[Historical regions of Romania|historical region]] of [[Banat]], with a few northeastern villages considered part of [[Transylvania]]. The county seat is [[Reșița]]. The Caraș-Severin county is part of the [[Danube–Criș–Mureș–Tisa Euroregion]].

== Name ==
In [[Serbo-Croatian]], it is known as ''Karaš Severin''/Караш Северин or ''Karaš-Severinska županija'', in [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] as ''Krassó-Szörény megye'', in [[German language|German]] as ''Kreis Karasch-Severin'', and in [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] as Караш-Северин (translit. ''Karash-Severin'').

== Geography ==

{{Romanian counties map}}

With 8,514&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, it is the third largest county in Romania, after [[Timiș County|Timiș]] and [[Suceava County|Suceava]] counties. It is also the county through which the river [[Danube]] enters Romania.

The mountains make up 67% of the county's surface, including the [[Southern Carpathians]] range, with [[Banat Mountains]], [[Țarcu Mountains|Țarcu-Godeanu Mountains]] and [[Cernei Mountains]] and elevations between 600 and 2100 meters. Transition hills between mountains and the [[Banat Plain]] lie in the western side of the county.

The [[Danube]] enters Romania in the vicinity of [[Baziaș]], bordering [[Serbia]]. [[Timiș (river)|Timiș]], [[Cerna (Danube)|Cerna]], [[Caraș River|Caraș]] and [[Nera (Danube)|Nera]] cross the county, some of them through spectacular valleys and gorges.

=== Neighbours ===

* [[Hunedoara County]] and [[Gorj County]] to the east.
* [[Timiș County]] to the north.
* [[Mehedinți County]] to the southeast.
* [[Serbia]] to the southwest:
** [[Vojvodina]] Autonomous Province to the west – [[South Banat District|South Banat okrug]].
** [[Bor District]] and [[Braničevo District]] to the south.

== History and economy ==
In 1718 the county was part of the [[Habsburg monarchy]], part of the province of [[Banat of Temeswar|Banat]]. In 1771 the county seat, Reschitz ([[Reșița]]) became a modern industrial center under Austrian rule. The area received considerable attention due to its [[mining]] industry. In 1855, the entire Banat area, with its supplies of mineral deposits and timber, was transferred from the Austrian Treasury to a joint Austrian-French mining and railroad company named [[Imperial Austrian State Railways|StEG]]. StEG built the [[Oravița]]-[[Baziaș]] line, Romania's oldest railroad track.

After World War I, StEG, Banat and most [[Austro-Hungarian Empire|Austro-Hungarian]] property were taken over by a company named UDR. During the last years of World War II, when Romania was an ally of [[Nazi Germany]], a [[Partisan (military)|partisan]] group, led by [[Ștefan Plavăț]], was active in the mountainous area of the county.<ref>Covaci, Maria (1969). "Ștefan Plavăț" in ''Anale de Istorie'', Vol. XV, Nr. 4. Institutul de Studii Istorice și Social-Politice de pe lîngă C.C. al P.C.R, Bucharest. p. 145.</ref> The arrival of the communist regime in Romania after World War II and that regime's campaign of [[nationalization]] of the mining industry brought tremendous social upheaval in the area.

== Tourism ==
Archaeological findings show the area has been populated since [[Paleolithic]] times. There is a County Museum of History in Reșița, displaying archeological artifacts, and, in the town of [[Ocna de Fier]], the [[Constantin Gruiescu]] Mineralogical Collection. The county hosts the regional [[daffodil]] and [[lilac]] festivals in the Spring.
Sites worth visiting:
* [[Cheile Nerei-Beusnita National Park|Cheile Nerei – Beușinta National Park]];
* [[Semenic-Caraș Gorge National Park|Semenic – Cheile Carașului National Park]];
* [[Domogled-Valea Cernei National Park|Domogled]] – Valea Cernei National Park;
* [[Iron Gate (Danube)|Danube Iron Gate]] National Park;
* [[Semenic]] resort;
* [[Băile Herculane]] resort;
* The [[Via Transilvanica]] long-distance hiking and biking trail, which crosses the county.

== Demographics ==

According to the [[2021 Romanian census|2021 census]], the county had a population of 246,588 and the [[population density]] was {{Pop density|246588
|8514|km2|sqmi|prec=1}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.recensamantromania.ro/rezultate-rpl-2021/rezultate-definitive-caracteristici-etno-culturale-demografice/|title=Rezultate definitive: Caracteristici etno-culturale demografice|website=Recensamantromania.ro|access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref>

{{Pie chart
|thumb=left
|style=clear:none;
|caption=Ethnic composition of Caraș-Severin County (2021)
|label1=[[Romanians]]|value1=91.25|color1=#8080ff
|label2=[[Romani people in Romania|Romani]]|value2=2.48|color2=#80ffff
|label3=[[Croats of Romania|Croats]]|value3=2.13|color3=#c0c03f
|label4=[[Serbs of Romania|Serbs]]|value4=1.59|color4=#c03f3f
|label5=[[Ukrainians of Romania|Ukrainians]]|value5=0.70|color5=#ffff80
|label6=[[Hungarians in Romania|Hungarians]]|value6=0.66|color6=#80ff80
|label7=[[Germans of Romania|Germans]] <small>([[Banat Swabians]])</small>|value7=0.64|color7=#ff80ff
|label8=[[Czechs of Romania|Czechs]]|value8=0.42|color8=#ff5555
|label9=Others|value9=0.13|color9=#9f9f9f}}

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! County population<ref>National Institute of Statistics, ''[http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf "Populația la recensămintele din anii 1948, 1956, 1966, 1977, 1992 și 2002"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060922081325/http://www.insse.ro/rpl2002rezgen/18.pdf |date=22 September 2006 }}''</ref>
|-
| 1948
| 302,254
|-
| 1956
|{{increase}} 327,787
|-
| 1966
|{{increase}} 358,726
|-
| 1977
|{{increase}} 385,577
|-
| 1992
|{{decrease}} 375,794
|-
| 2002
|{{decrease}} 333,219
|-
| 2011
|{{decrease}} 274,277
|-
| 2021
|{{decrease}} 246,588
|}














== Politics ==
*President of the County Council – Romeo-Dan Dunca (National Liberal Party)
*Vice-presidents of the County Council – Dan Stan and Ovidiu Rădoi (both National Liberal Party)

The Caraș-Severin County Council, renewed at the [[2020 Romanian local elections|2020 local elections]], consists of 30 counsellors, with the following party composition:<ref>{{Cite web|language=ro|url=https://prezenta.roaep.ro/locale27092020/data/json/sicpv/pv/pv_vs_final.json|format=Json|title=Rezultatele finale ale alegerilor locale din 2020|publisher=Autoritatea Electorală Permanentă|accessdate=2020-11-02}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="background:#ccc" | &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
! style="background:#ccc" | Party
! style="background:#ccc" | Seats
! style="background:#ccc" colspan="16" | Current County Council
|-
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL)
| style="text-align: right" | '''16'''
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|National Liberal Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| [[Social Democratic Party (Romania)|Social Democratic Party]] (PSD)
| style="text-align: right" | '''10'''
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|Social Democratic Party (Romania)}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| [[People's Movement Party]] (PMP)
| style="text-align: right" | '''4'''
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| {{party color cell|People's Movement Party}} &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
| &nbsp;
|-
|}

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Resita_Sud_(centru),_in_departare_Resita_Nord,_1_nov_2008.jpg|thumb|[[Reșița]] ({{langx|de|Reschitz}})]]
[[File:Caransebeș, Primăria.jpg|thumb|[[Caransebeș]] ({{langx|de|Karansebesch}})]]
[[File:Băile Herculane, katolika preĝejo, 1.jpeg|thumb|[[Băile Herculane]] ({{langx|de|Herkulesbad}})]]
[[File:Primaria Bocsa.jpg|thumb|[[Bocșa]] ({{langx|de|Deutsch-Bokschan/Neuwerk}})]]

Caraș-Severin County has 2 municipalities, 6 towns, and 69 communes
*Municipalities
**[[Caransebeș]]
**[[Reșița]] – capital city; population: 58,393 (as of 2021)
{{div col|colwidth=20em}}
*Towns
**[[Anina]]
**[[Băile Herculane]]
**[[Bocșa]]
**[[Moldova Nouă]]
**[[Oravița]]
**[[Oțelu Roșu]]
{{div col end}}
{{div col|colwidth=13em}}
*Communes
**[[Armeniș]]
**[[Bănia]]
**[[Băuțar]]
**[[Berliște]]
**[[Berzasca]]
**[[Berzovia]]
**[[Bolvașnița]]
**[[Bozovici]]
**[[Brebu, Caraș-Severin|Brebu]]
**[[Brebu Nou]]
**[[Buchin]]
**[[Bucoșnița]]
**[[Carașova]]
**[[Cărbunari]]
**[[Ciclova Română]]
**[[Ciuchici]]
**[[Ciudanovița]]
**[[Constantin Daicoviciu, Caraș-Severin|Constantin Daicoviciu]]
**[[Copăcele]]
**[[Cornea, Caraș-Severin|Cornea]]
**[[Cornereva]]
**[[Coronini]]
**[[Dalboșeț]]
**[[Doclin]]
**[[Dognecea]]
**[[Domașnea]]
**[[Eftimie Murgu, Caraș-Severin|Eftimie Murgu]]
**[[Ezeriș]]
**[[Fârliug]]
**[[Forotic]]
**[[Gârnic]]
**[[Glimboca]]
**[[Goruia]]
**[[Grădinari, Caraș-Severin|Grădinari]]
**[[Iablanița]]
**[[Lăpușnicel]]
**[[Lăpușnicu Mare]]
**[[Luncavița, Caraș-Severin|Luncavița]]
**[[Lupac]]
**[[Marga, Caraș-Severin|Marga]]
**[[Măureni]]
**[[Mehadia]]
**[[Mehadica]]
**[[Naidăș]]
**[[Obreja]]
**[[Ocna de Fier]]
**[[Păltiniș, Caraș-Severin|Păltiniș]]
**[[Pojejena]]
**[[Prigor]]
**[[Răcășdia]]
**[[Ramna, Caraș-Severin|Ramna]]
**[[Rusca Montană]]
**[[Sacu]]
**[[Sasca Montană]]
**[[Sichevița]]
**[[Slatina-Timiș]]
**[[Socol]]
**[[Șopotu Nou]]
**[[Târnova, Caraș-Severin|Târnova]]
**[[Teregova]]
**[[Ticvaniu Mare]]
**[[Topleț]]
**[[Turnu Ruieni]]
**[[Văliug]]
**[[Vărădia]]
**[[Vermeș]]
**[[Vrani]]
**[[Zăvoi]]
**[[Zorlențu Mare]]
{{div col end}}

==Historic county==
{{Infobox settlement
 | official_name                  = Județul Caraș-Severin
 | other_name                     =
 | settlement_type                = County (''Județ'')
 | image_skyline                  =Old county hall lugoj.png
 | image_caption                  =The Caraș-Severin prefecture building from the interwar period.
 | image_flag                     =
 | flag_link                      =
 | image_shield                   = Coats of arms of None.svg
 | shield_link                    =
 | image_map                      = Romania 1930 county Caras-Severin.png
 | map_caption                    =
 | subdivision_type               = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
 | subdivision_name               = [[Image:Flag of Romania.svg|25px]] [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]]
 | subdivision_type2              = Historic region
 | subdivision_name2              = [[Banat]]
 | subdivision_type3              = Capital city (''Reședință de județ'')
 | subdivision_name3              = [[Lugoj]]
 | government_footnotes           =
 | government_type                =
 | leader_party 	          =
 | leader_title 	          = [[Prefect (Romania)|Prefect]]
 | leader_name 	                  =
 | leader_title1                  =
 | leader_name1                   =
 | established_title              = Established
 | established_date               = 1919
 | established_title2             = Ceased to exist
 | established_date2              = 1926
 | area_magnitude                 =
 | area_total_km2                 = 11080
 | area_land_km2                  = 
 | area_water_km2                 =
 | area_total_sq_mi 	          =
 | area_land_sq_mi 	          =
 | area_water_sq_mi 	          =
 | area_water_percent 	          =
 | area_urban_km2 	          =
 | area_urban_sq_mi 	          =
 | area_metro_km2                 =
 | area_metro_sq_mi               =
 | elevation_footnotes            =
 | elevation_m                    =
 | elevation_ft                   =
 | latd 	                  =
 | latm 	                  =
 | lats 	                  =
 | latNS 	                  =
 | longd 	                  =
 | longm 	                  =
 | longs 	                  =
 | longEW                         =
 | population_as_of 	          = 1920
 | population_footnotes           =
 | population_total 	          = 424254
 | population_density_km2         =auto
 | population_density_sq_mi       =
 | population_metro 	          =
 | population_density_metro_km2   =
 | population_density_metro_sq_mi =
 | population_urban 	          =
 | population_density_urban_km2   =
 | population_density_urban_sq_mi =
 | population_note                =
 | timezone         	          = [[Eastern European Time|EET]]
 | utc_offset 	                  = +2
 | timezone_DST 	          = [[Eastern European Summer Time|EEST]]
 | utc_offset_DST         	  = +3
 | postal_code_type 	          =
 | postal_code         	          =
 | area_code 	                  =
 | blank_name 	                  =
 | blank_info                     =
 | footnotes 	                  =
 | website                        =
}}
The territory of the county was transferred to the [[Kingdom of Romania|Romania]] from the [[Kingdom of Hungary]] in 1920 under the [[Treaty of Trianon]]. The county was located in the southwestern part of [[Greater Romania]], in the south and east region of the [[Banat]]. The county seat was [[Lugoj]]. Its territory consisted entirely of the current territory of the county, but also parts of the current counties of [[Timiș County|Timiș]], [[Arad County|Arad]], and [[Mehedinți County|Mehedinți]]. It bordered on the west with [[Timiș-Torontal County]] and the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]], to the south with Yugoslavia, to the east with the counties [[Mehedinți County#Historical county|Mehedinți]] and [[Hunedoara County#Historical county|Hunedoara]], and to the north by [[Arad County#Historical county|Arad County]]. The county had a total area over {{convert|11000|km2}}, making it the largest county geographically of interwar Romania. Its territory corresponded to the former Hungarian division of [[Krassó-Szörény County]]. The county existed for seven years, being divided in 1926 into [[Caraș County]] and [[Severin County]].

===Administration===
The county was divided administratively into fourteen districts (''[[plasă|plăși]]''). There were five urban municipalities (cities): [[Lugoj]] (capital), [[Caransebeș]], [[Reșița]], [[Oravița]] and [[Orșova]].<ref name=Memoria_Caras>[http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/caras/ Portretul României Interbelice – Județul Caraș]</ref><ref name=Memoria_Severin>[http://romaniainterbelica.memoria.ro/judete/severin/ Portretul României Interbelice – Județul Severin]</ref>

=== Population ===
According to the census data of 1920, the total population of the county was 424,254 inhabitants. The population density was 38 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup>.

== References ==
{{Commons category|Caraș-Severin County}}
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Caraș-Severin County}}
{{Counties (judete) of Romania}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Caras-Severin County}}
[[Category:Caraș-Severin County| ]]
[[Category:Counties of Romania]]
[[Category:1919 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1926 disestablishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1940 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1950 disestablishments in Romania]]
[[Category:1968 establishments in Romania]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1919]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1926]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1940]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1950]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1968]]