Editing Captiva, Florida

{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2023}}
{{Infobox settlement
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|official_name            = Captiva, Florida
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|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place]]
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|map_caption              = Location in [[Lee County, Florida|Lee County]] and the state of [[Florida]]
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|subdivision_name         = United States
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|subdivision_name1        = {{flag|Florida}}
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Florida|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = {{noflag|[[Lee County, Florida|Lee]]}}
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|area_total_km2           = 4.26
|area_land_km2            = 3.06
|area_water_km2           = 1.20
|area_total_sq_mi         = 1.64
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|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
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|population_total         = 318
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|timezone                 = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
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|elevation_footnotes      = <!--for references: use  ref-tags-->
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|elevation_ft             = 7
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|postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 33924
|area_code                = [[Area code 239|239]]
|blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info               = 12-10425<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info              = 0280017<ref name="GR3">{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|access-date=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}</ref>
|website                  = {{URL|http://sanibel-captiva.org}}
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}}
[[File:Captiva terns2.jpg|thumb|right|275px|A flock of Royal Terns in flight above the western beach of Upper Captiva Island]]
'''Captiva''' is an [[unincorporated community]] and [[census-designated place]] (CDP) in [[Lee County, Florida]], United States. It is located on '''Captiva Island'''. As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the population was 318,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile/Captiva_CDP,_Florida?g=1600000US1210425 |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref> down from 583 at the 2010 census. It is part of the [[Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area]].

Located just offshore in the [[Gulf of Mexico]], the island is just north of [[Sanibel Island]]. Captiva is accessed by a small bridge that crosses [[Blind Pass]] from [[Sanibel Island]]. There is a toll to use the [[causeway]] that goes from the mainland to Sanibel Island.

Many of Captiva's homes, condominiums, and businesses were destroyed during [[Hurricane Charley]] in 2004, but the island recovered shortly thereafter. In September 2022, [[Hurricane Ian]] caused significant damage to the causeway and to the infrastructure of the island.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ian washed away part of Sanibel Causeway, Sanibel and Captiva cut off from mainland |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/hurricane-ian-washed-away-sanibel-causeway-sanibel-captiva/ |access-date=2022-09-29 |website=www.cbsnews.com |date=29 September 2022 |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Geography==
[[File:Hurricane Charley Captiva Damage.jpg|thumb|Damage on Captiva Island from [[Hurricane Charley]]]]
Captiva is located in western Lee County at {{coord|26|31|5|N|82|11|28|W|type:city}} (26.518028, -82.191057).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> The CDP comprises the entire island, bordered to the west by the [[Gulf of Mexico]] and to the east by [[Pine Island Sound]]. Captiva Drive is the main road on the island, running from the town center south to the Blind Pass bridge to Sanibel. It is a {{convert|13|mi|adj=on}} drive from Captiva to the [[Sanibel Causeway]] and a total of {{convert|31|mi}} by road from Captiva to the center of [[Fort Myers, Florida|Fort Myers]].

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Captiva CDP has a total area of {{convert|4.3|km2|order=flip}}, of which {{convert|3.1|km2|order=flip}} are land and {{convert|1.2|km2|order=flip}}, or 28.15%, are water.<ref name=Gazetteer>{{cite web| url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_12.txt| title=U.S. Gazetteer Files: 2019: Places: Florida| website=U.S. Census Bureau Geography Division| access-date=November 21, 2019}}</ref>

Originally part of neighboring [[Sanibel, Florida|Sanibel Island]] to the southeast, it was severed in 1926 when a [[tropical cyclone|hurricane]]'s [[storm surge]] created a new channel, [[Blind Pass]]. The channel filled in over subsequent years, but was reopened by dredging in the summer of 2009.  Like Sanibel, Captiva is a [[barrier island]] to [[Pine Island (Lee County, Florida)|Pine Island]] (to the east of Captiva and north of Sanibel), however it is much narrower. The only automobile access to Captiva is via the [[Sanibel Causeway]] and Sanibel-Captiva Road, which ends in the [[Census-designated place|CDP]] of Captiva, the island's only CDP. Captiva was homesteaded in 1888 and a tiny cemetery next to The Chapel by the Sea has the grave of the original resident, William Herbert Binder (1850–1932), an Austrian. Half the island is in private ownership, with "Millionaire's Row", luxury homes on the gulf and bay sides of Captiva Drive. The [[South Seas Island Resort]] entry gate is at the end of this road. Roosevelt Channel on the east side of the island, is named for [[Theodore Roosevelt]] who fished there.

[[North Captiva Island]] or Upper Captiva is another island, in turn severed from Captiva in a 1921 hurricane, creating [[Redfish Pass]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Erickson|first=Nick|date=2021-04-06|title=Captiva Island History|url=https://capturingcaptiva.com/area-information/captiva-island-history/|access-date=2022-02-04|website=Capturing Captiva|language=en-US}}</ref> North Captiva has power from lines that originate on the north end of Captiva, and is privately owned. The island can only be accessed via boat or small plane.

Captiva was seriously damaged in August 2004 when the eastern [[eye (cyclone)|eyewall]] of [[Hurricane Charley]] struck North Captiva, immediately before hitting [[Charlotte Harbor (estuary)|Charlotte Harbor]] to the north-northeast. Initial reports indicated that 160 buildings were destroyed and another 160 seriously damaged. Reports indicate that the [[storm surge]] cut a path {{convert|491|yd|m|0}} wide across the narrowest part of North Captiva, separating the island. The separation of the two halves of the island began three years earlier during a series of tornadoes caused by [[Hurricane Gabrielle (2001)|Tropical Storm Gabrielle]] that passed through the area in September 2001.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://coastal.er.usgs.gov/hurricanes/charley/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401050410/http://coastal.er.usgs.gov:80/hurricanes/charley/trees.html|archive-date=2016-04-01|access-date=2023-08-03|title=Hurricane Charley, Coastal Change Hazards: Hurricanes and Extreme Storms}}</ref> The new pass filled in within a few years and is now back to its pre-Charley state.  Most of the invasive Australian pines on the island blew over in the hurricane, making room for native mangroves and sabal palms.

In September 2022, Category 4 [[Hurricane Ian]] made landfall in Upper Captiva with sustained winds of 150&nbsp;mph. The Sanibel Causeway was heavily damaged by the hurricane.

==Demographics==
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2"/> of 2000, there were 379 people, 194 households, and 130 families residing in the CDP.  The population density was {{convert|305.3|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  There were 1,150 housing units at an average density of {{convert|926.2|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.  The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.42% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.79% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.26% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.53% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.79% of the population.

There were 194 households, out of which 10.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.9% were married couples living together, 1.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.5% were non-families. 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.25.

In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 8.2% under the age of 18, 1.1% from 18 to 24, 14.2% from 25 to 44, 44.1% from 45 to 64, and 32.5% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 58 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.4 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $64,821, and the median income for a family was $120,488. Males had a median income of $31,875 versus $44,861 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $76,139.  None of the population or families were below the [[poverty line]].

{{US Census population
| 2000 = 379
| 2010 = 583
| 2020 = 318
| footnote = U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
}}

==Economy==
[[File:South Seas Island Resort, Captiva Island, Florida.jpg|thumb|right|Plantation Rd. inside South Seas Island Resort in Captiva]]
Travel, tourism and hospitality rank as the number one industry on Captiva Island (and its sister island immediately to the south, Sanibel). Noted guests to Captiva include [[Teddy Roosevelt]], [[Charles Lindbergh]] (who regularly landed his plane on the beach in front of 'Tween Waters Inn), [[Anne Morrow Lindbergh]] and [[J.N. "Ding" Darling]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sanibelcaptivafishing.com/captiva.phpcitation|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220629072609/http://sanibelcaptivafishing.com/captiva.php|archive-date=2022-06-29|access-date=2023-08-03|title=Sanibel Captiva Fishing}}</ref> Both the Old Captiva House restaurant and a number of guest cottages have been designated historically-significant sites by Lee County, Florida.

[[The Bubble Room]] was built on Captiva Island in 1979 by the Farquharson family. It is a multi-themed restaurant featuring old toys from the 1930s and 1940s and the collection continues to grow each day. The Bubble Room plays music from the 1920s, 1930s, and 1940s. The Bubble Room was one of the first establishments on Captiva Island to originate the bright pastel colors now widely used there.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Bubble Room |url=http://www.bubbleroomrestaurant.com/frameset.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061023222534/http://www.bubbleroomrestaurant.com/frameset.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=23 October 2006 |access-date=9 October 2012 }}</ref>

[[South Seas Island Resort]] and Yacht Harbor, a {{convert|330|acre|km2|adj=on}} resort, occupies the northern two miles (3&nbsp;km) of Captiva Island.

[[Pepperidge Farm]] created a cookie in honor of the island.  It is a Dark Chocolate Brownie cookie called Captiva.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pepperidge Farm|url=https://www.pepperidgefarm.com/ProductDetail.aspx?catID=724&prdID=112086|access-date=9 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121009044607/http://pepperidgefarm.com/ProductDetail.aspx?catID=724|archive-date=2012-10-09|url-status=dead}}</ref>

''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' selected Sanibel and Captiva Islands as one of the 10 Best Places for Second Homes in 2010.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704869304575109461496208030|title=10 Best Places for Second Homes|first=STEVEN M.|last=SEARS|newspaper=Wall Street Journal|date=8 March 2010 }}</ref>

==History==
<!---etymology when it comes to that-->
According to local folklore, Captiva got its name because the [[pirate]] captain [[José Gaspar]] (Gasparilla) held his female prisoners on the island for ransom. However, the supposed existence of José Gaspar is sourced from an advertising brochure of an early 20th-century developer, and may be a fabrication.

Around 3000 B.C., the sands of Captiva started to erode, resulting in the eventual formation of Sanibel Island.  The Gulf of Mexico waters were eight feet lower than they are today. It is said that the first inhabitants of Captiva were the [[Calusa]] Indians.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Calusa: "The Shell Indians"|url=http://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/calusa/calusa1.htm|publisher=University of South Florida|access-date=9 October 2012}}</ref> The population of the Calusa is believed to have reached as many as 50,000 people. "Calusa" means "fierce people", and they were described as a war-like people.  The Calusa Indians were resistant to colonization and attacked any explorers who came into their territory. Calusa Indians built their houses on stilts without walls. They wove palmetto leaves together to build roves (twisted strands of fibers).  The Calusa Indians fished for food on the coast, bays, rivers, and waterways. They did not farm. "The Calusa Indians did not farm like the other Indian tribes in Florida. Instead, they fished for food on the coast, bays, rivers, and waterways. The men and boys of the tribe made nets from palm tree webbing to catch mullet, pinfish, pigfish, and catfish. They used spears to catch eels and turtles. They made fish bone arrowheads to hunt for animals such as deer. The women and children learned to catch shellfish like conchs, crabs, clams, lobsters, and oysters."<ref name="ExploringFlorida2002">{{cite web |title=The Calusa: "The Shell Indians" |url=https://fcit.usf.edu/florida/lessons/calusa/calusa1.htm |website=fcit.usf.edu}}</ref> The Calusa Indians used the shells on the island for utensils, jewelry, tools, weapons, and ornaments.

By the late 1700s most of the Calusa Indians had died out. Many were captured and sold as slaves while others died from diseases such as smallpox and measles.

An Austrian named Binder (b. 1850) was on a German freighter headed to New Orleans when the ship crashed and he was shipwrecked off Boca Grande. He then washed up to shore on what has been since 1921, Upper Captiva. "He lived for several weeks on what the unoccupied island had to offer, built a makeshift raft, and got himself to Pine Island, where he was helped to return to his home. By 1888, due to his having fought with the [[U.S. Army]], he became naturalized, and was allowed to homestead on Captiva in 1888, when he was 38 years old. For 10 years he was Captiva's first and only modern-era inhabitant. He died in 1932."<ref>{{cite book|last=Captiva Civic Association|title=Voices From the Past...True Tales of Old Captiva|year=1984|publisher=Sutherland Pub|isbn=0930942051|pages=2, 7}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
Captiva was the full-time home of artist [[Robert Rauschenberg]]. His home still stands there.<ref>Lee, Daniel.  [https://www.nationalreview.com/2020/09/robert-rauschenberg-jay-norwood-darling-lessons-commonalities-worth-conserving/ "The Art of Parallel Purposes"], nationalreview.com. 7 September  2020. Retrieved 7 September 2020.</ref>

[[Roy Lichtenstein]], American pop artist, also had a home on Captiva.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}

==In media==
In the 1997 movie ''[[G.I. Jane]]'', Captiva Island is the location for the S.E.R.E. ([[Survival, Evasion, Resistance, Escape]]) training for the fictional U.S. Navy Combined Reconnaissance Team.

In the 1986 movie ''[[Manhunter (film)|Manhunter]]'', Captiva Island is where FBI psychologist Will Graham has retired to.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Captiva, Florida|Captiva Island}}
*[http://sanibel-captiva.org Sanibel-Captiva Chamber of Commerce] Official website for Sanibel and Captiva Island businesses.

{{Lee County, Florida}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Lee County, Florida]]
[[Category:Census-designated places in Florida]]
[[Category:Populated coastal places in Florida on the Gulf of Mexico]]
[[Category:Beaches of Lee County, Florida]]
[[Category:Beaches of Florida]]
[[Category:Captiva Island]]
[[Category:Calusa]]