Editing Calvert, Texas

{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2021}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                     = Calvert, Texas
| settlement_type          = [[City]]
| nickname                 = Calvy
| image_skyline            = CalvertTexas1 (1 of 1).jpg
| image_caption            = [[Calvert Historic District]] (2018)
| image_map                = TXMap-doton-Calvert.PNG
| mapsize                  = 250px
| map_caption              = Location of Calvert within [[Texas]]
<!-- Location -->
| subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name         = United States
| subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1        = [[Texas]]
| subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Texas|County]]
| subdivision_name2        = [[Robertson County, Texas|Robertson]]
<!-- Government -->
| government_footnotes     = 
| government_type          = 
| leader_title             = 
| leader_name              = 
| leader_title1            = 
| leader_name1             = 
| established_title        = 
| established_date         = 
<!-- Area -->
| unit_pref                = Imperial
| area_footnotes           = <ref name="CenPopGazetteer2019">{{cite web|title=2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2019_Gazetteer/2019_gaz_place_48.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|access-date=August 7, 2023}}</ref>
| area_magnitude           = 
| area_total_km2           = 10.07
| area_land_km2            = 10.07
| area_water_km2           = 0.00
| area_total_sq_mi         = 3.89
| area_land_sq_mi          = 3.89
| area_water_sq_mi         = 0.00
<!-- Population -->
| population_as_of         = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_footnotes     = 
| population_total         = 962
| population_density_sq_mi = 289.46
| population_density_km2   = 111.76
<!-- General information -->
| timezone                 = [[North American Central Time Zone|Central (CST)]]
| utc_offset               = -6
| timezone_DST             = CDT
| utc_offset_DST           = -5
| elevation_footnotes      = <ref name=gnis/>
| elevation_ft             = 335
| coordinates              = {{coord|30|58|45|N|96|40|18|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
| postal_code_type         = [[ZIP code]]
| postal_code              = 77837
| area_code_type           = [[North American Numbering Plan|Area code]]
| area_code                = [[Area code 979|979]]
| blank_name               = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
| blank_info               = 48-11992<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=2008-01-31 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
| blank1_name              = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
| blank1_info              = 2409965<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2409965}}</ref>
| website                  = 
| footnotes                = 
}}

'''Calvert''' is a [[city]] in [[Robertson County, Texas]], United States.  As of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]], the city population was 970.  It is located approximately halfway between [[Waco]] and [[Bryan-College Station]] at the intersection of [[Texas State Highway 6]] and [[Farm to Market Road 979|Farm to Market Roads 979]] and [[Farm to Market Road 1644|1644]], on the Southern Pacific line, nine miles north of [[Hearne, Texas|Hearne]], in west central Robertson County.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hjc02|title=CALVERT, TX|last=MARK|first=ODINTZ|date=2010-06-12|website=tshaonline.org|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>  For the last 35 years, Calvert has enjoyed a relative success as an [[antique]] "capital".<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qPcoGwAACAAJ&q=calvert+texas|title=Calvert, Texas: Established 1868, Antique Center of Texas|date=1980-01-01|publisher=Calvert Chamber of Commerce|language=en}}</ref> The town is named for Robert Calvert,<ref name=":0" /> an early settler who served in the Texas Legislature representing Robertson and Milam counties.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fcala|title=CALVERT, ROBERT|last=JENNIFER|first=ECKEL|date=2010-06-12|website=tshaonline.org|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>

==History==

===Founding & coming of the railroads===
The earliest known white settler in the area was Joseph Harlan, whose 1837 land grant laid five miles south of what is now the City of Calvert.<ref name=":0" /> In 1850, Robert Calvert, for whom the town was named, established a plantation west of the town. Calvert, who was a former Texas Representative and area farmer urged the [[Houston and Texas Central Railway]] to build through the area. The Houston and Texas Central Railroad agreed to stop in the town, at the encouragement of town leaders, in 1868.<ref name=":0" />

In January 1868, a group of investors purchased land at the townsite and platted the community; by February of that year, merchants from the nearby communities including Sterling and Owensville were uprooting and moving to the community. A post office also opened in Calvert in 1868. The first trains arrived in Calvert in 1869, and the town was incorporated the next year with an aldermanic form of municipal government.<ref name=":0" /> Although the Stroud family owned most of the land, the town was named for Robert Calvert because he was a driving force behind getting the railroad to stop in the town.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.milamcountyhistoricalcommission.org/newspaper_081.php|title=The Town of Calvert - Frontier Times - October, 1931.|last=Rogers|first=Marjorie|date=October 1931|website=www.milamcountyhistoricalcommission.org|publisher=J. Marvin Hunter|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref> The order of election for the incorporation of Calvert was issued July 5, 1869, but a majority actually voted against incorporation. This election was set aside because it was believed that "a fair expression of the qualified voters was not had," and a new election was held Saturday, July 24, 1869, a majority voted for incorporation, and the town was ordered incorporated on August 13, 1869.<ref name=":2" />

After the railroad made Calvert the major trading center of the area, it was reported that:  <blockquote>It was a common sight to see six or eight wagons drawn by oxen slowly passing through the one and only street of these towns en route to Houston to dispose of their cotton.  These wagons averaged ten miles a day.  The team-masters usually owned their teams and were paid so much per hundred pounds for hauling freight.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>

===Named as county seat===
In 1870, as [[Reconstruction era|Reconstruction]] sparked political maneuvering in [[Robertson County, Texas|Robertson County]], the former county seat of [[Owensville, Texas|Owensville]] was replaced by Calvert. The town had been briefly occupied by federal troops early in 1870. Just nine years later, however, the voters of Robertson County voted to move the county seat to nearby Morgan, now named [[Franklin, Texas|Franklin]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hjf06|title=FRANKLIN, TX|last=L.|first=HAILEY, JAMES|date=2010-06-12|website=tshaonline.org|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>

===Development and decline===
By 1871, the town claimed to have the largest cotton gin in the world.<ref name=":2" /> However, sources differ on when, exactly, the gin was built. The ''Handbook of Texas'' cites the 1871 date, while a 1931 ''Frontier Times'' piece on Calvert places the building of the gin by John H. Gibson as 1876.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> Eventually, P.C. and J.H. Gibson, Jr., took over the gin. It had 21 stands and a connected oil mill. The gin served a significant portion of the Brazos River bottoms. A total of 32,000 bales were reported received in 1882.<ref name=":2" />

In 1873 a severe yellow fever epidemic killed many in the community, severely depopulating the town. An early judge, in speaking about the epidemic, noted: <blockquote>The disease was brought to town by a traveling printer from Louisiana where the fever was raging.  He took a room over the restaurant in the Bailey building and died there.  As many persons as could made an exodus before the town was quarantined.  We lost between three and four hundred persons.  The fever was a terrible epidemic, and our people suffered because we did not know how to treat the disease.  The trains were not allowed to stop in Calvert then and the windows of the coaches were closed until they were far out of town.<ref name=":2" /></blockquote>A county jail was built in 1875. By 1878, Calvert had 52 businesses. Today, the city of Calvert still exists as a Texas municipality. As of 2016, the town's mayor is Marcus D. Greaves.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.txdirectory.com/online/city/detail.php?id=272|title=Cities: Calvert - Texas State Directory Online|website=www.txdirectory.com|access-date=2016-10-23}}</ref>

===Modern controversies===
In December 2010, all three members of the town's police department resigned over a conflict with the city council.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Falls|first1=Clay|last2=Morten|first2=Nicole|title=Calvert Police Department Says, "I Quit!"|url=http://www.kbtx.com/home/headlines/Calvert_Police_Department_Says_I_Quit_111737704.html|access-date=6 June 2015|publisher=KBTX|date=14 December 2010}}</ref>

In June 2015, a TV station reported that cities of Calvert, [[Franklin, Texas|Franklin]], [[Hearne, Texas|Hearne]] and [[Lott, Texas|Lott]], in a "Texas Triangle", were using their police departments to issue numerous speeding tickets to turn their municipal court into a "cash cow".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150606061034/http://www.wfaa.com/story/news/local/investigates/2015/06/02/former-judge-says-he-quit-because-of-speeding-ticket-quota/28367771/ Judge says he quit over speeding ticket quota; WFAA 8 TV; June 3, 2015.]</ref>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|align=right
|1880= 2280
|1890= 2632
|1900= 3322
|1910= 2579
|1920= 2099
|1930= 2103
|1940= 2366
|1950= 2548
|1960= 2073
|1970= 2072
|1980= 1732
|1990= 1536
|2000= 1426
|2010= 1192
|align-fn=center
|footnote=[https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census.html U.S. Decennial Census]
|2020=962}}
Calvert is part of the [[Bryan-College Station metropolitan area]].

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Calvert racial composition as of 2020'''<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US4811992&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2 |access-date=2022-05-25 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref><br> (NH = Non-Hispanic){{efn|Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos can be of any race.<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Hispanic Population and its Origin |url=https://www.census.gov/topics/population/hispanic-origin/about.html |website=www.census.gov |access-date=18 May 2022}}</ref>}}
!Race
!Number
!Percentage
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] (NH)
|326
|33.89%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] (NH)
|482
|50.1%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] (NH)
|3
|0.31%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] (NH)
|4
|0.42%
|-
|Some Other Race (NH)
|3
|0.31%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed/Multi-Racial]] (NH)
|27
|2.81%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]]
|117
|12.16%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''962'''
|
|}
As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 962 people, 585 households, and 470 families residing in the city.

As of the 2010 United States census, there were 1,192 people, 509 households, and 374 families residing in the city. The population decreased to 1,180 residents in 2012. In 2010, the population density was {{convert|366.6|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}, and there were 675 housing units at an average density of {{convert|186.6|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}.

The city's population was 36.7% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 49.1% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.42% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], and 0.07% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]]. A total of 8.77% of residents are from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.47% are from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] residents of any race constitute 16.3% of the population.

Of the 584 households in the city, 27.4% of households had children under the age of 18, 34.7% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 25.4% were households led by single females, and 34.7% were non-related groups. A total of 32.4% of all households in the city consisted of individuals and 16.6% of households were single people at least 65 years old. The average household size was 2.44 people and the average family size was 3.07 people.

A total of 20.7% of residents were under the age of 18, 7.1% were between the ages of 18 and 24, 21.9% were between 25 and 44, 22.1% were between 45 and 64, and 19.1% were at least 65 years of age. The median age was 38 years of age. For every 100 female residents there were 85.2 male residents, but for every 100 female residents age 18 and over, there were only 78.0 male residents.

The median household income was $18,105, and the median family income was $23,214. Median income for males was $24,722 and $17,885 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $13,165. About 30.3% of families and 36.9% of the population are below the [[poverty line]], including 53.4% of residents under age 18 and 32.6% of those age 65 or over.
Calvert's population decline is summarized below.

==Attractions==
* [[Calvert Historic District]]
* [[Katy Hamman-Stricker Library|Katy Hamman-Stricker Women's Heritage Center]] – Historic library and museum honoring the efforts of the [[American Woman's League]] in Calvert.

==Government==
Calvert is served by Calvert Police Department, Calvert Fire Department, and Robertson County EMS. The city currently has a mayor (Layla Hensarling Wright) and council form of government with a police chief, city attorney, and city secretary.<ref name=":3" />

A former Calvert [[mayor]], Briscoe Rowell Cain, Sr. (1931–2011), was the grandfather of [[Texas House of Representatives|Texas State Representative]], House District 128, [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Briscoe Cain|Briscoe Cain, III]], a [[lawyer]] from [[Harris County, Texas|Harris County]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mccauleyfh.com/fh/obituaries/obituary.cfm?o_id=1086189&fh_id=13664|title=Briscoe Rowell Cain|publisher=McCauley Funeral Home|location=[[Franklin, Texas|Franklin]], [[Texas]]|date=February 2011|access-date=June 5, 2016}}</ref>

==Education==
The city's schools are part of the [[Calvert Independent School District]].

==Media==
The ''Robertson County News'' reports the local news.

==Photo gallery==
<gallery class="center" widths="180px">
Image:DowntownCalvertTexas(1 of 2).jpg|Downtown Calvert
Image:DowntownCalvertTexas(1 of 1).jpg|Downtown Calvert
Image:Downtown Calvert Wiki 1 (1 of 1).jpg|Downtown Calvert
Image:Downtown Calvert Wiki 2 (1 of 1).jpg|Masonic Lodge in Calvert, Texas
Image:Parrish House Calvert Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Parrish House
Image:Calvert City Hall Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Old Calvert City Hall
Image:Barton Home Calvert Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Barton Home
Image:Wiese Memorial Pavilion Calvert Wiki (1 of 1).jpg|Wiese Memorial Pavilion 
</gallery>

==Notable people==
* [[Chalie Boy]], rapper
* [[Tom Bradley (American politician)|Tom Bradley]], Mayor of [[Los Angeles, California]] from 1973 to 1993
* [[Bill Foster (baseball)|Bill Foster]], [[Baseball Hall of Fame|Hall of Fame]] pitcher in the [[Negro Leagues]]
* [[Rube Foster]], baseball player, manager and pioneer executive in the [[Negro leagues]]
* [[Tex McCrary]], originator of the talk-show format, radio personality, adviser to presidents
* [[Joseph Tyree Sneed, III|Joe Sneed]], U.S. federal judge
* [[Reverend L.T. Thomas]], preacher and artist

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}
{{notelist}}

==Further reading==
* J. W. Baker, History of Robertson County, Texas (Franklin, Texas: Robertson County Historical Survey Committee, 1970).

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20070526100303/http://www.cityofcalvert.com/ City of Calvert] – official website.
* [http://www.calverttxchamber.com/ Calvert Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.texasescapes.com/CentralTexasTownsSouth/Calvert-Texas.htm Texas Tourism] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140401222134/http://texasescapes.com/CentralTexasTownsSouth/Calvert-Texas.htm |date=April 1, 2014 }}
* [https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hjc02 Handbook of Texas]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140221055244/http://www.ghosttowns.com/states/tx/calvert.html Ghost Town]
* [http://www.rtis.com/reg/calvert/activities.html Calvert Tour of Homes]

{{Robertson County, Texas}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Cities in Texas]]
[[Category:Cities in Robertson County, Texas]]
[[Category:Bryan–College Station]]