Editing Calvados (department)

{{short description|Department of France}}
{{for|the French cider brandy|Calvados}}
{{Multiple issues|
{{Expand French|topic=geo|date=December 2008|Calvados (département)}}
{{More citations needed|date=November 2010}}
}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- See Template:Infobox department for additional fields and descriptions -->
| name                    = Calvados
| native_name             =
| native_name_lang        = fr<!-- ISO 639-2 code e.g. "fr" for French. If more than one, use {{lang}} instead -->
| type                    = [[Departments of France|Department]]
| image_skyline           = {{Photomontage|position=center
   | photo1a =  Abbaye aux Dames 1.JPG
   | photo2a =  Bayeux Historic Centre.jpg
   | photo3a =  Manoir de Boissey façade sud.JPG
   | photo2b = France-000813 - Omaha Beach (14880489210).jpg
   | size = 270
   | spacing = 2
   | color = #FFFFFF
   | border = 0
   | foot_montage = }}
| image_alt               = 
| image_caption           = From top down, left to right: [[Abbey of Sainte-Trinité, Caen|Abbaye aux Dames]] in [[Caen]], [[Bayeux]]'s historic centre, [[Omaha Beach]] and timber framing house in [[Boissey, Calvados|Boissey]]
| image_flag              = Flag of Calvados.svg
| flag_alt                =
| image_shield            = Arms of the French Department of Calvados.svg
| shield_alt              =
| nickname                =
| motto                   =
| image_map               = Calvados-Position.svg
| map_alt                 =
| map_caption             = Location of Calvados in France
| pushpin_map             =
| pushpin_label_position  =
| pushpin_map_alt         =
| pushpin_map_caption     =
| coordinates             = {{coord|49|02|N|0|15|E|region:FR-14_type:adm2nd|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint           =
| coordinates_footnotes   =
| subdivision_type        = Country
| subdivision_name        = France
| subdivision_type1       = [[Regions of France|Region]]
| subdivision_name1       = [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]]
| established_title       =
| established_date        =
| founder                 =
| seat_type               = [[Prefectures in France|Prefecture]]
| seat                    = [[Caen]]
| parts_type              = [[Subprefectures in France|Subprefectures]]
| parts_style             = para
| p1                      = [[Bayeux]]<br />[[Lisieux]]<br />[[Vire-Normandie]]
| government_footnotes    =
| leader_party            = [[New Centre]]
| leader_title            = [[President of the Departmental Council]]
| leader_name             = [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux|url=https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/601ef073-d986-4582-8e1a-ed14dc857fba|website=data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises|date=4 May 2022|language=fr}}</ref>
| unit_pref               = Metric<!-- or US or UK -->
| area_magnitude          =
| area_footnotes          = {{ref|area|1}}
| area_total_km2          = 5535
| area_note               =
| elevation_footnotes     =
| elevation_m             =
| elevation_min_m         =
| elevation_max_m         =
| population_total        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
| population_as_of        = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
| population_footnotes    = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes2}}
| population_rank         = [[List of French departments by population|34th]]
| population_density_km2  = auto
| population_demonym      =
| population_note         =
| blank_name_sec1         = [[Departments of France|Department number]]
| blank_info_sec1         = 14
| blank_name_sec2         = [[Arrondissements of France|Arrondissements]]
| blank_info_sec2         = [[arrondissements of the Calvados department|4]]
| blank1_name_sec2        = [[Cantons in France|Cantons]]
| blank1_info_sec2        = [[cantons of the Calvados department|25]]
| blank2_name_sec2        = [[Communes in France|Communes]]
| blank2_info_sec2        = [[communes of the Calvados department|528]]
| timezone1               = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| utc_offset1             = +1
| timezone1_DST           = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset1_DST         = +2
| postal_code_type        =
| postal_code             =
| area_code_type          =
| area_code               =
| iso_code                = FR-14
| website                 =
| footnotes               = {{note|area|1}} French Land Register data, which exclude [[estuary|estuaries]], and lakes, ponds, and glaciers larger than 1&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>
}}

'''Calvados''' ({{IPAc-en|UK|ˈ|k|æ|l|v|ə|d|ɒ|s}}, {{IPAc-en|US|-|d|oʊ|s|,_|ˌ|k|æ|l|v|ə|ˈ|d|oʊ|s|,_|ˌ|k|ɑː|l|v|ə|ˈ|-}}, {{IPA|fr|kalvados|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Calvados.wav}}){{needs IPA|Norman|lang=nrf|date=March 2024}} is a [[Departments of France|department]] in the [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] [[Regions of France|region]] in northwestern [[France]].<ref>{{cite EB1911|wstitle=Calvados}}</ref> It takes its name from a cluster of rocks off the Normandy coast. In 2019, it had a population of 694,905.<ref name=pop2019>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep14.pdf Populations légales 2019: 14 Calvados] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221111233652/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/6011060/dep14.pdf |date=11 November 2022 }}, INSEE</ref>

==History==
Calvados is one of the original 83 departments created during the [[French Revolution]] on 4 March 1790, in application of the law of 22 December 1789. It had been part of the [[provinces of France|former province]] of [[Normandy]]. The name "Orne-Inférieure" was originally proposed, but it was ultimately called Calvados after a group of rocks off its coast.

One popular legend ascribes its etymology to the ''Salvador'', a ship from the [[Spanish Armada]] that sank by the rocks near [[Arromanches-les-Bains]] in 1588. It is more likely, however, that the name ''Calvados'' was derived from ''calva dorsa'', meaning ''bare backs'', in reference to two sparsely vegetated rocks off its shore.<ref>{{Cite book
  | last =Lepelley
  | first =René
  | title =Calvados, qui es-tu, d'où viens-tu ou le nom énigmatique d'un département Français: Critique d'une tradition, hypothèses diverses, proposition d'interprétation
  | publisher=C. Corlet
  | year =1990
  }}</ref>

After the allied victory at [[Battle of Waterloo|Waterloo]] the department was occupied by [[Prussia]]n [[Prussian army|troops]] between June 1815 and November 1818.

On 6 June 1944, the [[Allies of World War II|Allied forces]] landed on the beaches of the [[Bay of the Seine]] in what became known as the [[Normandy Landings|Battle of Normandy]].

==Geography==
Calvados belongs to the region of [[Normandy (administrative region)|Normandy]] and borders the departments of [[Seine-Maritime]] (maritime border), [[Eure]], [[Orne]] and [[Manche]]. To the north is the [[Baie de la Seine]], part of the [[English Channel]]. On the east, the river [[Seine]] forms the boundary with Seine-Maritime. Calvados includes the [[Bessin]] area, the [[Pays d'Auge]] and the area known as the "Suisse normande" ("Norman Switzerland").

The most notable places in Calvados include [[Deauville]] and the formerly elegant 19th-century [[casino]] resorts along the coast.

==Economy==
Agriculture dominates the economy of Calvados. The area is known for producing [[butter]], cheese, [[cider]], and [[Calvados (brandy)|Calvados]], the [[Apple (fruit)|apple]] [[Distilled beverage|spirit]] that takes its name from the area.

==Politics==
The President of the Departmental Council is the centrist [[Jean-Léonce Dupont]], the former dominant figure of the right and centre in the department. The Conseil General of Calvados and [[Devon County Council]] signed a [[Twinning Charter]] in 1971 to develop links with the English county of [[Devon]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm|title=Twinning|publisher=[[Devon County Council]]|access-date=8 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091019122319/http://www.devon.gov.uk/index/councildemocracy/neighbourhoods-villages/twinning.htm#|archive-date=19 October 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 95%;"
!colspan=2| Party || seats
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
|[[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]] ||align="right"| 18
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Miscellaneous Right}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Miscellaneous Right]] ||align="right"| 18
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[The Republicans (France)|The Republicans]] || align="right" | 6
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Left Radical Party}}" |
|[[Left Radical Party]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|New Centre}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[New Centre]] ||align="right"| 3
|-
! style="background-color: {{party color|Democratic Movement (France)}}" |<span style="color:white; font-size:190%;">•</span>
|[[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]] ||align="right"| 1
|}

=== Presidential elections 2nd round ===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Election!!Winning Candidate!!Party!!%!!2nd Place Candidate!!Party!!%
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2022 French presidential election|2022]]
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 60.29
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 39.71
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|En Marche!}}" |
| [[2017 French presidential election|2017]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/normandie/calvados/|title=Résultats de l’élection présidentielle 2022 dans le Calvados |website=[[Le Monde]]|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=12 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220412072518/https://www.lemonde.fr/resultats-elections/normandie/calvados/|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[Emmanuel Macron]]
| [[La République En Marche!|LREM]]
| 67.11
| [[Marine Le Pen]]
| [[National Front (France)|FN]]
| 32.89
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[2012 French presidential election|2012]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__PR2012/(path)/PR2012/025/014/014.html|title=Résultats de l'élection présidentielle 2012: Calvados|publisher=Ministère de l'Intérieur|access-date=12 April 2022|archive-date=17 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210917203010/https://www.interieur.gouv.fr/Elections/Les-resultats/Presidentielles/elecresult__PR2012/(path)/PR2012/025/014/014.html|url-status=live}}</ref>
| [[François Hollande]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 53.12
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 46.88
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Union for a Popular Movement}}" |
| [[2007 French presidential election|2007]]
| [[Nicolas Sarkozy]]
| [[Union for a Popular Movement|UMP]]
| 51.20
| [[Ségolène Royal]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|PS]]
| 48.80
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Rally for the Republic}}" |
| [[2002 French presidential election|2002]]
| [[Jacques Chirac]]
| [[Rally for the Republic|RPR]]
| 83.95
| [[Jean-Marie Le Pen]]
| [[National Rally|FN]]
| 16.05
|}

===Current National Assembly Representatives===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!colspan="2"|Constituency!!Member!!Party
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Miscellaneous right}}" |
| [[Calvados's 1st constituency]]
| [[Joël Bruneau]]
| [[Miscellaneous right|DVD]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color|Socialist Party (France)}}" |
| [[Calvados's 2nd constituency]]
| [[Arthur Delaporte]]
| [[Socialist Party (France)|Socialist Party]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Horizons (political party)}}" |
| [[Calvados's 3rd constituency]]
| [[Jérémie Patrier-Leitus]]
| [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Democratic Movement (France)}}" |
| [[Calvados's 4th constituency]]
| [[Christophe Blanchet]]
| [[Democratic Movement (France)|MoDem]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Horizons (political party)}}" |
| [[Calvados's 5th constituency]]
| [[Bertrand Bouyx]]
| [[Horizons (political party)|Horizons]]
|-
|style="background-color: {{party color| Renaissance (French political party)}}" |
| [[Calvados's 6th constituency]]
| [[Élisabeth Borne]]
| [[Renaissance (French political party)|Renaissance]]
|}

==Demography==
{{historical populations|align=none|cols=2|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://splaf.free.fr/14his.html|title=Historique du Calvados|website=Le SPLAF|access-date=5 July 2022|archive-date=3 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221731/http://splaf.free.fr/14his.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-14|title=Évolution et structure de la population en 2016|publisher=INSEE|access-date=7 July 2022|archive-date=7 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220707081539/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4176909?geo=DEP-14|url-status=live}}</ref>|graph-pos=bottom
|11=1791|12=391,352|13=1801|14=451,836|15=1806|16=505,210|17=1821|18=492,613|19=1831|20=494,702|21=1841|22=496,198|23=1851|24=491,210|25=1861|26=480,992|27=1872|28=454,012|29=1881|30=439,830|31=1891|32=428,945|33=1901|34=410,178|35=1911|36=396,318|37=1921|38=384,730|39=1931|40=401,356|41=1936|42=404,901|43=1946|44=400,026|45=1954|46=442,991|47=1962|48=480,757|49=1968|50=519,695|51=1975|52=560,967|53=1982|54=589,559|55=1990|56=618,478|57=1999|58=648,385|59=2006|60=671,351|61=2016|62=693,679}}
The inhabitants of Calvados are called "Calvadosiens" (male) and "Calvadosiennes" (female). In 2019, Calvados had 648,299 inhabitants, making it the 34th most populated French department.<ref name="pop2019" />

Age distribution in Calvados (2019):<ref name=complet>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-14 Dossier complet, Population par grandes tranches d'âges, Tourisme en 2022, Catégories et types de logements] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221011115020/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=DEP-14 |date=11 October 2022 }}, INSEE, retrieved 7 July 2022.</ref>
* 75 years and older: 10.0%
* 60–74 years old:  18.1%
* 45–59 years old: 19.4%
* 30–44 years old: 17.4%
* 15–29 years old: 18.0%
* 0–14 years old: 17.1%

===Principal towns===

The most populous commune is [[Caen]], the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 6 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants:<ref name=pop2019/>

{| class=wikitable
! Commune
! Population (2019)
|-
| [[Caen]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 106,230
|-
| [[Hérouville-Saint-Clair]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 22,555
|-
| [[Lisieux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 20,038
|-
| [[Vire Normandie]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 16,590
|-
| [[Bayeux]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 12,682
|-
| [[Ifs, Calvados|Ifs]]
| style="text-align: center;" | 11,696
|}

==Culture==
The [[Bayeux Tapestry]] is on display in [[Bayeux]] and makes the city one of the most-visited tourist destinations in Normandy.

[[Juno Beach Centre]] at [[Courseulles-sur-Mer]], Calvados, commemorates the [[D-Day]] landing of the [[Canadians|Canadian]] liberation forces at [[Juno Beach]] during World War II in 1944. The [[cult (religion)|cult]] of Saint [[Thérèse de Lisieux]] brings large numbers of people on [[pilgrimage]] to [[Lisieux]], where she lived in a Carmelite convent. Every September, Deauville hosts the Festival of the American Movie and the beach resort of [[Cabourg]] hosts the Festival of the Romantic Movie. Annually, the city of Caen celebrates the festival of the electronical cultures called "Nordik Impakt" and the festival of Beauregard, just around Caen.

The local dialect of the [[Norman language]] is known as [[Augeron]]. It is spoken by a minority of the population.

==Tourism==
Calvados is one of the most visited areas in France because of its seaside resorts which are among the most prestigious in France with their luxurious hotels, casinos, green countryside, manors, castles, the quiet, the chalk cliffs, the typical Norman houses, the history of [[William the Conqueror]], Caen, Bayeux, Lisieux, the famous D-day beaches and numerous museums about the Second World War. Culinary specialties from the verdant countryside of Calvados are abundant: [[cider]], [[calvados]], [[camembert]], and [[Pont-l'Évêque (cheese)|Pont-l'Évêque]] cheeses.

One of the advantage of Calvados is to be fairly near large urban centers (Paris, Ile de France). Calvados is therefore often preferred for holidays and for weekends and sometimes considered as the ''countryside of Paris''.

Calvados, via the port of [[Ouistreham]], is an entrance to the continent from Britain. There are two airports: [[Caen - Carpiquet Airport|Caen-Carpiquet]] and [[Deauville - Saint-Gatien Airport|Deauville-Saint Gatien]]. The department of Calvados has several popular tourist areas: the [[Bessin]], the Plain of [[Caen]], the [[Bocage]] Virois, the [[Côte de Nacre]], the [[Côte Fleurie]] and the [[Pays d'Auge]]. Several beaches of Calvados are popular for water sports, including [[Cabourg]] and [[Merville-Franceville-Plage]].

Tourist capacity (2022):<ref name=complet/>
* 10,200 hotel rooms
* 14,410 camping sites
* 12,795 other beds (tourist resorts, holiday villages, rural gites, youth hostels)

===Second homes===
As of 2019, 17.9% of available housing in the department were second homes.<ref name=complet/>

{{Hidden begin|title=Municipalities with more than 20% of second homes}}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|+Communes with population over 2,000 and more than 20% of second homes in 2019<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-151257,6388181,223262,195389&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&i2=bdcom.pt_log_rsecocc&s=2019&s2=2019&t=A01&t2=A01&view=map1|title=Statistiques locales: Part des résidences secondaires, population municipale|publisher=[[INSEE]]|access-date=6 July 2022|archive-date=29 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129004346/https://statistiques-locales.insee.fr/#bbox=-151257,6388181,223262,195389&c=indicator&i=pop_legales.popmun&i2=bdcom.pt_log_rsecocc&s=2019&s2=2019&t=A01&t2=A01&view=map1|url-status=live}}</ref>
! Town
! Municipal population
! Percentage of<br />second homes
|-
| [[Villers-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:2543}}
| 83.0%
|-
| [[Cabourg]]
| {{formatnum:3558}}
| 79.7%
|-
| [[Deauville]]
| {{formatnum:3565}}
| 71.9%
|-
| [[Trouville-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:4603}}
| 67.4%
|-
| [[Merville-Franceville-Plage]]
| {{formatnum:2186}}
| 57.9%
|-
| [[Courseulles-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:4196}}
| 52.2%
|-
| [[Bernières-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:2274}}
| 44.3%
|-
| [[Dives-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:5276}}
| 39.9%
|-
| [[Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Calvados|Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:2237}}
| 39.5%
|-
| [[Hermanville-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:3110}}
| 31.7%
|-
| [[Luc-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:3213}}
| 30.1%
|-
| [[Lion-sur-Mer]]
| {{formatnum:2536}}
| 29.8%
|-
| [[Honfleur]]
| {{formatnum:6733}}
| 27.9%
|-
| [[Ouistreham]]
| {{formatnum:9344}}
| 25.8%
|-
| [[Touques, Calvados|Touques]]
| {{formatnum:3731}}
| 25.0%
|}
{{Hidden end}}

<gallery>
File:Caen France (28).JPG|[[Caen]]
File:Chateau de Falaise 2008.jpg|[[Château de Falaise]]
File:Harold dead bayeux tapestry.png|A fragment of the [[Bayeux Tapestry]]
File:Omaha-beach-cemetery.jpg|[[Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial]]
File:Beuvron-en-Auge plein.JPG|Half-timber houses in [[Beuvron-en-Auge]], one of the [[Les Plus Beaux Villages de France|Most Beautiful Villages of France]]
</gallery>

==Sport==
Aquatic sports are often played on the coasts and beaches, for example, kite surfing and beach volleyball. [[Stade Malherbe Caen]] is a professional football team from [[Caen]], who currently play in [[Ligue 2]].

==See also==
* [[Arrondissements of the Calvados department]]
* [[Cantons of the Calvados department]]
* [[Communes of the Calvados department]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [https://www.calvados.fr/ Departmental Council website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200422093334/https://www.calvados.fr/ |date=22 April 2020 }} {{in lang|fr}}
* [http://www.calvados.gouv.fr/ Prefecture website] {{in lang|fr}}
<!-- please keep this link: Dmoz page holds a Wikipedia back link -->
 {{in lang|en}}
* [http://search.eb.com/normandy/week2/invasion.html Encyclopædia Britannica's guide to D-Day] {{in lang|en}}

{{Departments of France}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Calvados (department)| ]]
[[Category:1790 establishments in France]]
[[Category:Departments of Normandy]]
[[Category:Normandy region articles needing translation from French Wikipedia]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1790]]