Editing California, Pennsylvania

{{Use mdy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                   = California, Pennsylvania
| settlement_type        = [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|Borough]]
| image_skyline          = woodstreetcal.jpg
| image_alt              = 
| image_caption          = Downtown California
| image_flag             = 
| flag_alt               = 
| image_seal             = 
| seal_alt               = 
| image_shield           = 
| shield_alt             = 
| etymology              = [[U.S. state]] of [[California]]
| motto                  = 
| image_map              = File:Washington County Pennsylvania Incorporated and Unincorporated areas California Highlighted.svg
| mapsize                = 
| map_alt                = 
| map_caption            = Location of California in Washington County, Pennsylvania.
| coordinates            = {{coord|40|3|55|N|79|53|50|W|display=inline,title}}
| coor_pinpoint          = 
| coordinates_footnotes  = 
| subdivision_type       = Country
| subdivision_name       = United States
| subdivision_type1      = [[U.S. state|State]]
| subdivision_name1      = [[Pennsylvania]]
| subdivision_type2      = County
| subdivision_name2      = [[Washington County, Pennsylvania|Washington]]
| established_title      = Established
| established_date       = 1849
| established_title1     = 
| established_date1      = 
| founder                = 
| seat_type              = 
| seat                   = 
| leader_party           = 
| leader_title           = Mayor
| leader_name            = Frank Stetar
| unit_pref              = Imperial
| area_footnotes         = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer/5/query?where=STATE='42'&outFields=NAME,STATE,PLACE,AREALAND,AREAWATER,LSADC,CENTLAT,CENTLON&orderByFields=PLACE&returnGeometry=false&returnTrueCurves=false&f=json|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=October 12, 2022}}</ref>
| area_total_sq_mi       = 11.23
| area_land_sq_mi        = 11.01
| area_water_sq_mi       = 0.22
| area_urban_sq_mi       = 
| area_rural_sq_mi       = 
| area_metro_sq_mi       = 
| area_water_percent     = 
| area_note              = 
| elevation_footnotes    = 
| elevation_ft           = 
| population_footnotes   = <ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly"/>
| population_total       = 5362
| population_as_of       = [[2020 United States Census|2020]]
| population_density_sq_mi = 486.97
| population_demonym     = 
| population_note        = 
| timezone1              = [[Eastern Time Zone|EST]]
| utc_offset1            = -4
| timezone1_DST          = [[Eastern Daylight Time|EDT]]
| utc_offset1_DST        = -5
|postal_code_type                = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code              = 15419<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.zipdatamaps.com/15419|title=California PA ZIP Code|publisher=zipdatamaps.com|year=2023|access-date=May 13, 2023}}</ref>
| area_code_type         = 
| area_code              = [[Area code 724|724]]
| blank_name_sec1        = 
| blank_info_sec1        = 
| website                = [https://californiapa.gov/| pop_est_as_of = 
| pop_est_footnotes = 
| population_est = 
| blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standards|FIPS code]]
| blank_info = 42-10768
| area_total_km2 = 29.09
| area_land_km2 = 28.52
| area_water_km2 = 0.57
| population_density_km2 = 188.02
}}

'''California''' is a [[Borough (Pennsylvania)|borough]] on the [[Monongahela River]] in [[Washington County, Pennsylvania]], United States. The population was 5,479 as of the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021">{{cite web |title=City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2021 |url=https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2020s-total-cities-and-towns.html |website=Census.gov |publisher=US Census Bureau |access-date=21 July 2022}}</ref> It is part of the [[Pittsburgh metropolitan area]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/population/metro/files/lists/historical/50mfips.txt |title=STANDARD METROPOLITAN AREAS (SMAs) AND COMPONENTS, 1950, WITH FIPS CODES |date=October 13, 1950|access-date=December 6, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160113070938/http://www.census.gov/population/metro/files/lists/historical/50mfips.txt |archive-date=January 13, 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Founded in 1849, the borough was named for the territory of [[California]] following the [[California gold rush|gold rush]].<ref name=calpawebabout>{{cite web |title=About California, PA |url=http://www.californiapa15419.com/?q=node/2 |publisher=Borough of California, Pennsylvania |access-date=December 21, 2009}}</ref> It is the home of [[Pennsylvania Western University, California]].

==History==
[[File:cal2ndst.jpg|thumb|left|Near the university, many large early-twentieth century houses have been converted into student apartments.]]
When founded in 1849, the town was named California, though Columbia and Sagamore were names that were also suggested for the new town. The town's founding coincided with the [[California Gold Rush]] and the town was named after the state to symbolize growth and prosperity.<ref>{{Cite web |last=CalBoro |title=About California, PA – California, Pennsylvania |url=https://californiapa15419.com/about-california-pa/ |access-date=2023-03-17 |language=en-US}}</ref> Before there were mayors in California, there were burgesses, the first of whom was Solomon Sibbitt.

East Pike Run Township merged with California Borough in 1953. The former Vigilant Mine in California once produced the largest single lump of coal in the world. California was once home to the largest soft coal mine in the world when Vesta # 4 opened in 1893. The unincorporated town of Philipsburg used to sit on land that is now occupied by [[Pennsylvania Western University]] (formerly known as [[California University of Pennsylvania]] before July 2022). This includes the Philipsburg Cemetery, which is still in use and includes a number of graves of Civil War soldiers. The first house built in California is next to the California Post Office on Second Street.<ref name=calpawebabout/>

The [[Molly Fleming House]], [[Jennings-Gallagher House]], [[Malden Inn]], [[Old Main, California State College]] and former [[California Area Public Library|Pennsylvania Railroad Passenger Station]] are listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].<ref name="nris">{{NRISref|2010a}}</ref>  The [[California Boatyards]] played an important role in building [[steamboat]]s for western expansion.<ref>{{cite web | title = California Boatyards - PHMC Historical Markers | work = Historical Marker Database | format = Database search | publisher = Pennsylvania Historical & Museum Commission | url = http://search.pahistoricalmarkers.com/ | access-date = January 5, 2013 | archive-url = https://archive.today/20131207041235/http://search.pahistoricalmarkers.com/ | archive-date = December 7, 2013 | url-status = dead }}</ref>

The borough has had two notably young mayors—[[Peter Daley]], who was 22 when elected in 1973, and Casey Durdines, who was 20 at his election in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_392790.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091026165535/http://www.pittsburghlive.com/x/pittsburghtrib/s_392790.html|url-status=dead|title="California kid prevails" in the Pittsburgh Tribune-Review|archive-date=October 26, 2009}}</ref>

==Geography==
California is located at {{coord|40|3|55|N|79|53|50|W|type:city}} (40.065313, -79.897120).<ref name="GR1">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=April 23, 2011|date=February 12, 2011|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref>

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the borough has a total area of {{convert|11.2|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|11.0|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|0.2|sqmi|km2}} (1.78%) is water.

===Surrounding and adjacent neighborhoods===
California has seven land borders, including [[Fallowfield Township, Pennsylvania|Fallowfield Township]] to the north, [[Long Branch, Pennsylvania|Long Branch]] and [[Elco, Pennsylvania|Elco]] to the northeast, [[Coal Center, Pennsylvania|Coal Center]] to the mideast, [[West Brownsville, Pennsylvania|West Brownsville]] to the southeast, [[Centerville, Washington County, Pennsylvania|Centerville]] from the south to the west-southwest, and [[West Pike Run Township, Pennsylvania|West Pike Run Township]] to the west. Across the Monongahela River in Fayette County, California runs adjacent with [[Newell, Pennsylvania|Newell]] and [[Jefferson Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania|Jefferson Township]].

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1860= 476
|1870= 659
|1880= 1009
|1890= 1024
|1900= 2009
|1910= 2230
|1920= 2480
|1930= 2362
|1940= 2614
|1950= 2831
|1960= 5978
|1970= 6635
|1980= 5703
|1990= 5748
|2000= 5274
|2010= 6795
|2020= 5479
|estyear=2021
|estimate=5453
|estref=<ref name="USCensusEst2020-2021"/><ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|access-date=June 4, 2016}}</ref>
|footnote=<ref name="USCensusDecennial2020CenPopScriptOnly">{{cite web|url=https://api.census.gov/data/2020/dec/pl?get=P1_001N,NAME&for=place:*&in=state:42&key=5ccd0821c15d9f4520e2dcc0f8d92b2ec9336108|title=Census Population API|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Oct 12, 2022}}</ref>
}}
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=January 31, 2008|title=U.S. Census website}}</ref> of 2000, there were 5,274 people, 1,891 households, and 867 families residing in the borough. The [[population density]] was {{convert|478.2|/mi2|/km2|disp=preunit|people&nbsp;|people}}. There were 2,092 housing units at an average density of {{convert|189.7|/mi2|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the borough was 93.93% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 4.13% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.17% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.74% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.13% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.89% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.49% of the population.

There were 1,891 households, out of which 16.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 34.8% were married couples living together, 8.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 54.1% were non-families. 36.6% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.15 and the average family size was 2.85.

In the borough the population was spread out, with 10.7% under the age of 18, 42.2% from 18 to 24, 17.3% from 25 to 44, 15.5% from 45 to 64, and 14.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 24 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91.3 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $24,628, and the median income for a family was $43,168. Males had a median income of $35,833 versus $24,537 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the borough was $14,412. About 7.3% of families and 22.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 14.7% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.

==Education==
[[File:calpubliclib.jpg|thumb|A converted train station serves as the [[California Area Public Library|California Public Library]].]]
The borough is served by the public [[California Area School District]], which includes California Area Elementary School for grades K-6 and California Area High School/Middle School for grades 7–12. [[PennWest California]], a campus of [[Pennsylvania Western University]], is a public university in the borough. It has an enrollment of about 6,500 students.<ref name="campus life">{{cite web |last1=Pennsylvania Western University |title=Campus Life - PennWest |url=https://www.pennwest.edu/campus-life |website=pennwest.edu |access-date=3 March 2022}}</ref> The school was formerly known as California University of Pennsylvania prior to July 2022, and previously in reverse chronological order as California State College, California State Teachers College, California Normal School, and Southwestern Normal School.

==Notable people==
*[[Viola Liuzzo]], Unitarian Universalist and civil rights activist murdered in the events of [[Bloody Sunday (1965)|Bloody Sunday]]
*[[Joseph Yablonski]], American labor leader in the [[United Mine Workers]] in the 1950s and 1960s
*Lt. Colonel [[Philip J. Corso]], U. S. Army World War II, Korea, staff member, President Eisenhower’s National Security Council
*[[Bruce Dal Canton]], major league pitcher for the [[Pittsburgh Pirates]], [[Kansas City Royals]], [[Atlanta Braves]] and [[Chicago White Sox]]
*[[Peter Daley]], California's youngest mayor at the time of his 1972 election at age 22, Social Studies Teacher at California Junior High/Middle School 1972-79, PA Congressman representing the 49th District, 1983-2016
*[[Bert Humphries]], major league pitcher for the [[Philadelphia Phillies]], [[Cincinnati Reds]] and [[Chicago Cubs]] in the early 20th century
*[[Don LeJohn]], Major League Baseball third baseman and Minor League Baseball manager
*[[Paul Wyatt]], Olympic silver (1924, Paris) and bronze (1928, Amsterdam) medalist in the 100m backstroke. Born in the village of Brier Hill, PA, lived in California as an adult.
*[[Frank Jarvis (athlete)|Frank Jarvis]], athlete and lawyer

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://californiapa.gov/}}

{{Commons category|California, Pennsylvania|position=left}}

{{Washington County, Pennsylvania}}
{{Pittsburgh Metro Area}}

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:California, Pennsylvania| ]]
[[Category:Boroughs in Washington County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania populated places on the Monongahela River]]
[[Category:Pittsburgh metropolitan area]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1849]]
[[Category:1849 establishments in Pennsylvania]]