Editing Calcutta, Ohio

{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2025}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name            = Calcutta, Ohio
|settlement_type          = [[Census-designated place]]
|nickname                 =
|motto                    =

<!-- Images -->
|image_skyline            = Grimms Bridge from west, slightly upstream.JPG
|imagesize                =
|image_caption            = Grimms Bridge (1884) crosses the [[Little Beaver Creek]] east of [[Ohio State Route 170|State Route 170]]
|image_flag               =
|image_seal               =

<!-- Maps -->
|image_map                = Columbiana County Ohio incorporated and unincorporated areas Calcutta highlighted.png
|mapsize                  = 260px
|map_caption              = Location of Calcutta in Columbiana County, Ohio.
|pushpin_map              = Ohio#USA
|pushpin_relief           = yes
|pushpin_label            = Calcutta
 
<!-- Location -->
|subdivision_type         = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name         = United States
|subdivision_type1        = [[U.S. state|State]]
|subdivision_name1        = [[Ohio]]
|subdivision_type2        = [[List of counties in Ohio|County]]
|subdivision_name2        = [[Columbiana County, Ohio|Columbiana]]
|subdivision_type3        = [[List of townships in Ohio|Township]]
|subdivision_name3        = [[St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio|St. Clair]]

<!-- Government -->
|government_footnotes     =
|government_type          =
|leader_title             =
|leader_name              =
|leader_title1            =
|leader_name1             =
|established_title        = Established
|established_date         = 1810
|named_for                = [[Kolkata]], India

<!-- Area -->
|unit_pref                = Imperial
|area_footnotes           = <ref name="TigerWebMapServer">{{cite web|title=ArcGIS REST Services Directory|url=https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/Places_CouSub_ConCity_SubMCD/MapServer|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=September 20, 2022}}</ref>
|area_magnitude           =
|area_total_km2           = 31.56
|area_land_km2            = 31.52
|area_water_km2           = 0.03
|area_total_sq_mi         = 12.18
|area_land_sq_mi          = 12.17
|area_water_sq_mi         = 0.01

<!-- Population -->
|population_as_of         = [[2020 United States census|2020]]
|population_footnotes     =
|population_total         = 3941
|population_density_km2   = 125.02
|population_density_sq_mi = 323.80

<!-- General information -->
|timezone                = [[North American Eastern Time Zone|Eastern (EST)]]
|utc_offset              = -5
|timezone_DST            = EDT
|utc_offset_DST          = -4
|elevation_footnotes     = <ref name=gnis/>
|elevation_ft            = 1129
|coordinates             = {{coord|40|41|02|N|80|33|43|W|region:US_type:city|display=inline,title}}
|postal_code_type        = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code             = 43920
|area_code               = [[Area code 330|330]], [[Area code 234|234]]
|blank_name              = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info              = 39-10926<ref name="GR2">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=January 31, 2008 |title=U.S. Census website }}</ref>
|blank1_name             = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info             = 2393360<ref name=gnis>{{GNIS|2393360}}</ref>
|blank2_name             = [[School District]]
|blank2_info             = [[Beaver Local School District]]
|website                 =
|footnotes               =
}}
'''Calcutta''' is an [[unincorporated area|unincorporated community]] and [[census-designated place]] in [[St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio]], United States. The population was 3,941 at the [[2020 United States census|2020 census]].<ref name="Census 2020">{{cite web|url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US3910926 |title=Calcutta CDP, Ohio | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |accessdate=March 24, 2022 }}</ref> Historically a rural town, Calcutta developed in the late 20th century as businesses from neighboring [[East Liverpool, Ohio|East Liverpool]] moved into larger shopping centers clustered around [[Ohio State Route 170]].

==History==
The first permanent settlement in the area was in 1792 or 1793 by hunter John Quinn.<ref name="Historical Sketch">{{cite web|title=Historical Sketch of Columbiana County|url=http://www.columbianacounty.org/history|publisher=Columbiana County Courts website|accessdate=April 16, 2022}}</ref> Calcutta was laid out in 1810 as West Union.<ref name="HCCO">{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeA4AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA234 | title=History of Columbiana County, Ohio: With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Some of Its Prominent Men and Pioneers | publisher=Unigraphic | author=Mack, Horace | year=1879 | pages=234}}</ref> It had also been called Foulkstown after William Foulks, who built the first brick house there,<ref>{{cite book | url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ONQyAQAAMAAJ | title=History of Columbiana County, Ohio and Representative Citizens | publisher=Biographical Publishing Company | author=McCord, William B. | year=1905 | pages=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ONQyAQAAMAAJ/page/n298 309]}}</ref> as well as [[Nineveh]], after the Biblical city of the same name. It was ultimately renamed after the Indian city of [[Kolkata]], formerly anglicized as Calcutta.<ref name=HCCO/> A post office called Calcutta was established in 1838 and remained in operation until 1913.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=OH&county=Columbiana |title=Columbiana County |publisher=Jim Forte Postal History |accessdate=January 10, 2016 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304225129/http://www.postalhistory.com/postoffices.asp?task=display&state=OH&county=Columbiana |archivedate=March 4, 2016 }}</ref>

[[William Holmes McGuffey]], a college professor who is best known for writing the ''[[McGuffey Readers]]'' textbooks, established his first [[subscription school]] in Calcutta in 1814, where he was an instructor to 48 students.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.thehenryford.org/explore/blog/william-holmes-mcguffey-and-his-popular-readers/ |title=William Holmes McGuffey and His Popular Readers |publisher=The Henry Ford |date=January 12, 2022 |access-date=April 4, 2025 }}</ref>

==Geography==
Calcutta is located near the center of St. Clair Township in southeastern Columbiana County. The Calcutta CDP extends southwest as far as the [[U.S. Route 30]] expressway, and east and north as far [[Little Beaver Creek]], touching the [[Pennsylvania]] state line where the creek crosses the border briefly. The CDP is bordered by Longs Run, a tributary of Little Beaver Creek, on the northwest. To the southwest of Calcutta, across US 30, is the CDP of [[Glenmoor, Ohio|Glenmoor]]. The city of [[East Liverpool, Ohio|East Liverpool]] is {{convert|4|mi|0}} to the south via St. Clair Avenue.

According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the Calcutta CDP has a total area of {{convert|30.76|km2|disp=flip}}, of which {{convert|30.73|km2|disp=flip}} is land and {{convert|0.03|km2|disp=flip}}, or 0.11%, is water.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1980= 1121
|1990= 1212
|2000= 3491
|2010= 3742
|2020= 3941
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/cen2000/phc-3-37.pdf|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=July 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US3910926|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (G001): Calcutta CDP, Ohio|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder|accessdate=January 23, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20150124190409/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US3910926|archive-date=January 24, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
}}

As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2" /> of 2000, there were 3,491 people, 1,417 households, and 1,025 families residing in the CDP. The population density was {{convert|297.1|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. There were 1,473 housing units at an average density of {{convert|125.4|/sqmi|/km2|sp=us|adj=off}}. The racial makeup of the CDP was 98.51% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.17% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 0.06% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.72% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.09% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 0.46% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 0.66% of the population.

There were 1,417 households, out of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.2% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 7.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27.6% were non-families. 25.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.38 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the CDP the population was spread out, with 20.6% under the age of 18, 5.7% from 18 to 24, 23.7% from 25 to 44, 27.4% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 86.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.6 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,194, and the median income for a family was $45,750. Males had a median income of $41,077 versus $21,352 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the CDP was $19,536. About 3.0% of families and 8.3% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 8.1% of those under age 18 and 9.7% of those age 65 or over.

==Government==
[[File:St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio Administration Building.JPG|thumb|[[St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio|St. Clair Township]] Government Building]]

Since Calcutta is [[Unincorporated area|unincorporated]], it does not have a government of its own. Governance is deflected to [[St. Clair Township, Columbiana County, Ohio|St. Clair Township]], which also governs the community of [[Glenmoor, Ohio]] and the surrounding rural area.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1. Two are elected in the year after the presidential election and one is elected in the year before it. There is also an elected township fiscal officer,<ref>[http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/503.24 §503.24], [http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/505.01 §505.01], and [http://codes.ohio.gov/orc/507.01 §507.01] of the [[Ohio Revised Code]]. Accessed April 30, 2009.</ref> who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election. Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.

==Education==
Children in Calcutta are served by the public [[Beaver Local School District]], which includes one elementary school, one middle school, and [[Beaver Local High School]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/DC2020/PL20/st39_oh/schooldistrict_maps/c39029_columbiana/DC20SD_C39029.pdf|title=2020 CENSUS – SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Columbiana County, OH|publisher=[[U.S. Census Bureau]]|accessdate=February 18, 2023}}</ref>

==Transportation==
[[U.S. Route 30 in Ohio|U.S. Route 30]] passes through Calcutta as a four-lane divided highway with limited access concurrent with [[Ohio State Route 7|State Route 7]], which travels northbound to [[Lisbon, Ohio|Lisbon]] and southbound to East Liverpool. [[Ohio State Route 170|State Route 170]] originates in Calcutta at an interchange with US 30/SR 7 and forms the main road of the town, traveling northbound toward [[East Palestine, Ohio|East Palestine]].<ref name="ODOT">{{Ohio road map|year=2015 |access-date=March 29, 2025 }}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Columbiana County, Ohio}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Census-designated places in Columbiana County, Ohio]]
[[Category:1810 establishments in Ohio]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1810]]